JPH06169650A - Horticultural plastic house good in air permeability - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the subject house enabling the much transmission of scattered light and preventing the invasion of insect pests by spreading a covering material on the whole surfaces of a house built from frames, the covering material being formed by temperature. CONSTITUTION:This horticultural plastic house using a structural material such as wood, pipes or steel frames as supports and used on the cultivation of agricultural crops, horticultural plants, etc., is characterized by spreading a covering material S on the front surfaces of a roof 4a, side walls 4b, 4b' and openings 4c, 4c' built from the frames 4 of the plastic house A, the covering material S being produced by adhering a transparent synthetic resin (e.g. polyvinyl chloride plastic sol) 8 having a lower melting point than fibers and capable of being fused with high-frequency waves to a net-like sheet 7 woven from warps and wefts comprising transparent synthetic fibers (e.g. polyester multifilaments) to form air-permeable holes 9 each having a hole diameter of >=0.1mm and a hole diameter of 0.01-1.0mm<2>.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a horticultural plastic house used for cultivating agricultural products, horticultural plants and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, in the cultivation of agricultural crops, especially leafy vegetables, it is necessary to avoid the rain from directly hitting the crops. Therefore, a house framework assembled using pipes and steel frames is covered with an agricultural vinyl film. The plastic house for horticulture that was formed is used.

However, conventional agricultural vinyl films are not breathable, and it is difficult to install a ventilation device in a normal horticultural plastic house because of its simple structure. If covered with a film, there will be no ventilation because there is no ventilation system, and the inside of the plastic house will be at a high temperature, which will adversely affect the crops. Is the current situation.

That is, the conventional plastic house is
As shown in FIG. 4, the roof part a of the plastic house H is covered with an agricultural vinyl film, but the side wall part b and the frontage part c are not covered and are used while being opened. In this case, there is a problem that a large amount of pesticides must be sprayed and regular watering is required to prevent insect damage caused by invasion of pests from the open area. On the other hand, when the structure of a plastic house is strengthened and a ventilation device is installed inside the plastic house, there is a problem that the construction cost becomes large and a sufficient effect cannot be obtained.

In addition, although it is necessary for cultivating leafy vegetables to have a large amount of scattered light, the conventional agricultural vinyl film can increase the scattered light while maintaining a high light transmittance. However, there are problems such as insufficient growth of crops.

[0006]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and it is an environment suitable for cultivating leafy vegetables, that is, avoiding wind and rain, and having good air permeability and appropriateness. An object of the present invention is to provide a horticultural plastic house that maintains a high humidity, has a large amount of scattered light, and can prevent pests from entering.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention is a plastic greenhouse for horticulture, which comprises structural members such as wood, pipes, and steel aggregates as pillars. A transparent synthetic resin having a melting point lower than that of the yarn and a high-frequency fusion property is adhered to the mesh sheet formed of the yarn of the transparent synthetic fiber to cover the entire surface of the enclosed house, and the diameter of the hole is Is 0.1 mm or more and the area of the pores is in the range of 0.01 to 1.0 mm ² .

The yarn made of transparent synthetic fiber constituting the covering material may be any of monofilament, multifilament and spun yarn, and is not particularly limited as long as it has no fusion property by high frequency or heat. Polyester multifilaments are preferred. The fineness is 10
It is preferably in the range of 0 to 2000 denier,
The number of single yarns constituting the multifilament is preferably 0.04 to 0.4 per denier. Further, it needs to be transparent, but may contain a small amount of dye, pigment or the like so long as the transparency is not impaired.

As the mesh sheet, it is preferable to weave a filament yarn of transparent synthetic fiber to form a woven fabric having a structure such as plain weave, dummy weave, leno weave, and double-weave. The transparent synthetic resin layer covering the mesh sheet is not particularly limited as long as it has a softening point lower by 10 ° C. or more than the mesh sheet as the base material and high frequency fusion property, Polyvinyl chloride resin is preferred.

The amount of the transparent synthetic resin layer deposited is preferably in the range of 30 to 300% by weight based on the mesh sheet. If it is less than 30%, the mesh sheet may be exposed, which may cause problems such as deterioration of water repellency. On the other hand, if it is more than 300%, the mesh will be clogged, and it will be difficult to form a ventilation hole of a predetermined size, which may impair the air permeability.

The method for forming the transparent synthetic resin layer for coating the mesh sheet is not particularly limited, but in the case of a soft polyvinyl chloride resin, it is attached to the mesh sheet as plastisol, organosol or emulsion. After that, a method of forming a coating layer by heating and gelling is preferable.

The size of the mesh-like ventilation holes is such that the diameter of the holes is 0.
It is necessary that the area of the hole is 0.01 to 1.0 mm ^{2 in} the range of 1 mm or more. If the diameter of the hole is smaller than 0.1 mm, the air permeability is impaired, and the area of the hole is less than 0.01 mm ² . As the size gets smaller, the air permeability also deteriorates and the hole area becomes 1.0 mm.
^If it is larger than ² , inconveniences such as difficulty in preventing rain infiltration and pest invasion may occur.

The synthetic resin forming the transparent synthetic resin layer may contain a water-repellent agent. For example, as the water-repellent agent, a silicone-based or fluorine-based one generally used for synthetic resins may be used. Good. The water repellent may be added to the synthetic resin to be contained in the synthetic resin manufacturing process for forming the transparent synthetic resin layer, or after the step of adhering to the mesh sheet is completed, a spray method, an impregnation method, or a gravure method is used. You may make it adhere to the surface by the method etc.

Further, in order to enhance the heat retaining effect, a proper amount of a foaming agent is added to the synthetic resin forming the transparent synthetic resin layer so as not to impair its transparency, and the transparent synthetic fiber yarn is foamed. You may form a synthetic resin layer.

[0015]

In the horticultural plastic house of the present invention, since the above-mentioned air-permeable covering material is spread over the entire surface of the plastic house surrounded by the house frame, invasion of wind and rain is prevented and large raindrops are covered. It is subdivided by the ventilation holes of the material, becomes a mist and is evenly distributed throughout the plastic house to maintain an appropriate humidity, and it is possible to prevent the invasion of pests, so it is possible to obtain a good cultivation environment without insect damage. It will be possible. In addition, since the air permeability is good even though the covering material is spread over the entire surface, there is no need to provide a ventilation device or a window, and the structure of the house can be simplified. Further, since the transparent synthetic resin layer is formed on the yarn made of transparent synthetic fiber, the scattered light in the house is increased, and the growth of the cultivated plant is improved.

[0016]

EXAMPLES Two steel pipes (outer diameter 19.1 _mm , wall thickness 1.
2 _mm ) is bent and, as shown in FIG. 1, pillars 1 which are joined together at their tops to form an arch are juxtaposed on the cultivation area 2 at equal intervals of a pillar pitch p of about 450 _mm. Then, attach the steel pipe (outer diameter 1
9.1 _mm , wall thickness 1.2 _mm ) is connected by a girder-shaped support member 3 through a stopper, and the frontage is 3500 _mm and the eave height is 1200.
House frame 4 _mm , ridge height 2000 _mm , depth 52000 _mm
It was created. A water sprinkling pipe 5 is hung at the top so that water can be sprinkled over the entire surface of the cultivation area 2.

Then, as shown in FIG. 2, the house frame 4
A covering material S, which will be described later, is spread over the entire surface of the roof portion 4a, the side wall portions 4b and 4b ', and the frontage portions 4c and 4c' to form a horticultural plastic house A. An opening / closing port 6 that can be freely opened and closed is provided in the frontage portion 4c.

The covering material S is a mesh sheet formed by using polyester multifilament yarns (250d, 48 single yarns) as warp and weft, respectively, and weaving with a plain weave structure having a basis weight of 55 g / m ² and a yarn gap of 0.6 mm. In addition, a polyvinyl chloride plastisol having the following composition has a solid content of 136
% (To mesh sheet weight)
A horticultural covering material having air permeability created by melting and gelling. Polyvinyl chloride 100 parts by weight Dioctyl phthalate 60 parts by weight Epoxy resin 3 parts by weight Ba-Zn stabilizer 4 parts by weight Benzotriazole derivative (ultraviolet absorber) 0.2 parts by weight Fluorosurfactant 0.1 parts by weight

The obtained covering material S is, as shown in FIG.
The transparent synthetic resin 8 is attached to the periphery of the mesh sheet 7, and the ventilation holes 9 are formed in a mesh shape. The average value of the diameter q of the ventilation hole is 0.6 mm, and the average value of the area of the ventilation hole is 0.36 mm ^2.
Met.

The following cultivation test was conducted using the above-mentioned horticultural plastic house A and, as a comparative example, a conventional plastic house H as shown in FIG. In the plastic house H, the same structure as that of the above-mentioned embodiment is used, and only the roof part a is covered with a usual agricultural vinyl film as the covering material, and the side wall part b and the frontage part c are opened. There is. Horticultural plastic house A Conventional plastic house H Cultivated place Natori city, Miyagi Prefecture Same as left Cultivated crop Yukina Same as left Seeding date July 23, 1992 Same as left Seeding method Sukimaki Same as left Pesticide spraying insecticide 1 time every 3 days before sowing Degree of fungicide: once every 10 days, once every 3 days, once at the time of sowing, once every 7 days, at the time of harvest Harvesting date: August 20, 1992 The growth status varies (28 days after sowing), and it is harvested once No (30th to 35th day from sowing) Yield 1120 Bundles August 22 201 Bundles August 23 258 Bundles August 24 152 Bundles August 25 84 Bundles August 26 54 Bundles August 27 51 Bundles Total 800 Bundle Quality Average 32.2 cm Average 28.3 cm Maximum 34 cm Maximum 30 cm Minimum 30 cm Minimum 27 cm Weight Average 72.7 g Average 62.0 g Maximum 79 g Maximum 69 g Minimum 69 g Maximum There feeding damage of the diamondback moth to the entire 56g insect damage without

As is clear from the above results, the quality and yield of the crop cultivated in the horticultural plastic house A of the present invention is higher than that of the crop cultivated in the pipe house H using the conventional agricultural vinyl sheet. Both quantity is outstanding.

[0022]

The garden plastic house of the present invention is
Since a covering material with air permeability is spread over the entire surface of the plastic house surrounded by the house frame, intrusion of wind and rain is prevented, moderate humidity is maintained, and invasion of pests can be prevented, so pesticide Spraying is reduced, and it is possible to obtain a good cultivation environment without insect damage. Moreover, since the air permeability is good even though the covering material is spread over the entire surface, it is not necessary to install an expensive ventilator or a window for ventilation, so that the structure of the house is simplified. Further, since the covering material in which the transparent synthetic resin layer is formed on the yarn made of the transparent synthetic fiber is used, the scattered light in the house is increased and the growth of the cultivated plant is improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a framework of a horticultural plastic house according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a horticultural plastic house showing a state in which a covering material is spread on the framework of the plastic house of FIG.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of the covering material of FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a conventional horticultural plastic house.

[Explanation of symbols]

 A Plastic House for Gardening S Covering Material 4 House Frame 7 Mesh Sheet 8 Transparent Synthetic Resin 9 Vent

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A plastic greenhouse for horticulture, which comprises structural materials such as wood, pipes, and steel aggregates as pillars, wherein a yarn made of transparent synthetic fiber is provided on the entire surface of the greenhouse surrounded by the framework of the plastic greenhouse. A transparent synthetic resin having a melting point lower than that of the yarn and a high-frequency fusion property is attached to the constructed mesh sheet, and the diameter of the hole is 0.1 mm or more and the area of the hole is 0.01 to 1 A horticultural plastic house with good air permeability, which is characterized in that a covering material formed by forming ventilation holes in a range of 0.0 mm ^{2 in} a mesh shape is spread.