JP2009236369A - Absorption chiller/heater - Google Patents

Absorption chiller/heater Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2009236369A
JP2009236369A JP2008081290A JP2008081290A JP2009236369A JP 2009236369 A JP2009236369 A JP 2009236369A JP 2008081290 A JP2008081290 A JP 2008081290A JP 2008081290 A JP2008081290 A JP 2008081290A JP 2009236369 A JP2009236369 A JP 2009236369A
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Prior art keywords
load
evaporator
absorber
heater
cooling
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Japanese (ja)
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Takeo Ishikawa
豪夫 石河
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2008081290A priority Critical patent/JP2009236369A/en
Priority to KR1020090023612A priority patent/KR100981977B1/en
Priority to CN2009101298360A priority patent/CN101545695B/en
Publication of JP2009236369A publication Critical patent/JP2009236369A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/04—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for sorption type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/043—Operating continuously
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
    • F25B29/006—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the sorption type system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2507—Flow-diverting valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2515—Flow valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
    • F25B2700/21163—Temperatures of a condenser of the refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
    • F25B2700/21171—Temperatures of an evaporator of the fluid cooled by the evaporator
    • F25B2700/21173—Temperatures of an evaporator of the fluid cooled by the evaporator at the outlet
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an absorption chiller/heater capable of performing a cooling operation in a cooling season in summer, and performing a heating operation by easily switching to heating in a heating season in winter in one machine. <P>SOLUTION: In this absorption chiller/heater, a function as the absorption chiller/heater performing a cold supply operation by connecting a regenerator 1, a condenser 2, an evaporator 3 and an absorber 4 by piping to form a refrigerant and absorbent circulation pathway, supplying a driving heat source 11 to the regenerator 1 through a flow rate control valve 14, circulating the cooling water supplied from a cooling tower 29 to the absorber 4 and the condenser 2 through a cooling water pipe 15, and controlling an opening of the flow rate control valve 14 from the evaporator 3 to a load 24 through a first brine pipe (cold water piping 16), and a function as an absorption heat pump performing a heat supply operation by supplying a sub-heat source 34 to the evaporator 3, and circulating the cooling water circulated in the absorber 4 and the condenser 2 to the load 24 through a second brine pipe (cooling water pipe 15) by controlling the opening of the flow rate control valve 14, are selectable. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、一重効用吸収冷温水機に関するものであり、詳しくは、ボイラ、エンジンの冷却水など排熱を駆動熱源として用いる再生器を備えた吸収冷温水機に関する。   The present invention relates to a single-effect absorption chiller / heater, and more particularly, to an absorption chiller / heater equipped with a regenerator that uses exhaust heat as a drive heat source, such as boiler and engine cooling water.

従来、エンジンの冷却水などを再生器の熱源とする吸収冷温水機が提案されている（例えば、特許文献１、２などを参照）。
このような吸収冷温水機は、ボイラやエンジンの冷却水などの冷却水を熱源として、再生器で希吸収液から冷媒を蒸発分離させて凝縮器へと送るとともに、前記冷媒が蒸発して濃度の濃くなった吸収液を吸収器へと送っていた。そして、凝縮器では、前記冷媒を冷却水により凝縮させ、冷媒液として蒸発器へと送り、蒸発器では、前記冷媒を負荷へと循環させるブラインが循環する伝熱管に散布して再蒸発させ、吸収器では、前記再蒸発した冷媒を吸収液に吸収させるとともに、前記冷却水により吸収液の熱を回収させて、前記負荷への冷熱供給運転を行うものとなっていた。また、前記冷却水は冷却塔へと循環され、大気へ放熱されている。 Conventionally, an absorption chiller / heater that uses engine coolant or the like as a heat source of the regenerator has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
Such an absorption chiller / heater uses cooling water such as boiler and engine cooling water as a heat source, evaporates and separates the refrigerant from the diluted absorbent in the regenerator and sends it to the condenser. The thickened absorption liquid was sent to the absorber. And in the condenser, the refrigerant is condensed with cooling water and sent to the evaporator as a refrigerant liquid, and in the evaporator, the refrigerant is sprayed on a heat transfer tube through which the brine circulating to the load circulates and re-evaporates. In the absorber, the re-evaporated refrigerant is absorbed by the absorption liquid, and the heat of the absorption liquid is recovered by the cooling water, and the cold supply operation to the load is performed. The cooling water is circulated to the cooling tower and radiated to the atmosphere.

また、これに対し、欧州などでは、この一重効用吸収冷温水機の再生器へ主熱源の熱源供給を行うとともに、蒸発器へ副熱源の熱源供給行い、上記冷熱供給運転時に利用していた冷却水をブラインとして凝縮器および吸収器から負荷へと循環させて、吸収ヒートポンプとしての運転を行わせ、上記負荷への温熱供給運転を行うものとなっていた。
特開昭５８−１２７０６６号公報 特開平８−２３３３９１号公報 On the other hand, in Europe, etc., the main heat source is supplied to the regenerator of this single effect absorption chiller / heater, and the auxiliary heat source is supplied to the evaporator. Water was circulated as a brine from the condenser and the absorber to the load, and the operation as an absorption heat pump was performed, and the heat supply operation to the load was performed.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 58-127066 JP-A-8-233391

しかしながら、従来は、一重効用吸収冷温水機としての利用か、あるいは、吸収ヒートポンプとしての利用かのいずれか一方での利用であったため、一重効用吸収冷温水機を選択した場合には、冬場の温熱供給運転ができなくなり、吸収ヒートポンプを選択した場合には、夏場の冷熱供給運転ができないものとなっており、稼働率が上がらないものとなっていた。
このため、特に、欧州では、近年の地球温暖化により、夏季気温が上昇してきていることから、吸収ヒートポンプを一重効用吸収冷温水機として使用し、冷熱供給運転を行わせたいと言う要望が高まりつつあり、この点に対して改善が望まれている。
そこで、本発明では、冷熱供給運転および温熱供給運転が容易に切換えて行えるとともに、冷熱供給運転時においても、温熱供給運転時においても、運転可能な一重効用吸収冷温水機を提供することにある。 However, since it was conventionally used either as a single-effect absorption chiller / heater or as an absorption heat pump, when a single-effect absorption chiller / heater is selected, When the heat supply operation cannot be performed and the absorption heat pump is selected, the cold heat supply operation cannot be performed in the summer, and the operation rate does not increase.
For this reason, especially in Europe, the summer temperature has risen due to recent global warming, so there is a growing demand to use an absorption heat pump as a single-effect absorption chiller / heater and perform a cold supply operation. Improvement is desired for this point.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a single-effect absorption chiller / heater that can be easily switched between a cold supply operation and a hot supply operation, and that can be operated in both the cold supply operation and the hot supply operation. .

前記課題を解決するための本発明の請求項１記載の吸収冷温水機は、再生器、凝縮器、蒸発器および吸収器を配管接続して冷媒および吸収液の循環路を形成し、再生器へ駆動熱源を流量制御弁を介して供給するとともに、吸収器および凝縮器へ冷却塔から供給される冷却水を冷却水管を介して循環させ、前記蒸発器から負荷へ第１ブライン管を介して冷熱を供給する冷熱供給運転を行う吸収冷温水機としての機能と、前記駆動熱源を主熱源として前記流量制御弁を介して前記再生器へ供給し、前記蒸発器へ副熱源を供給するとともに、吸収器および凝縮器を流通する前記冷却水を第２ブライン管を介して前記負荷へと循環させて温熱供給運転とを行う吸収ヒートポンプとしての機能とのいずれか一方を選択可能な吸収冷温水機において、
蒸発器の出口に第１温度検出器を、凝縮器の出口に第２温度検出器を夫々設けるとともに、負荷が第１ブライン管または第２ブライン管に択一的に接続切換される第１切換弁を設けるとともに、吸収器が負荷または冷却塔に択一的に接続切換される第２切換弁と、蒸発器が負荷または副熱源に択一的に接続切換される第３切換弁とを設け、第１切換弁を切換えて負荷が第１ブライン管に接続切換えされるときは、第２切換弁を切換えて吸収器を冷却塔へ接続するとともに、第３切換弁を切換えて蒸発器を負荷へと接続し、第１温度検出器で検出される温度により流量制御弁の開度を制御して負荷への冷熱供給運転を行い、第１切換弁を切換えて負荷が第２ブライン管に切換接続されるときは、第２切換弁を切換えて吸収器を負荷へ接続するとともに、第３切換弁を切換えて蒸発器を副熱源へと接続し、第２温度検出器で検出された温度により流量制御弁の開度を制御して負荷への温熱供給運転を行うことを特徴とするものである。 An absorption chiller / heater according to claim 1 of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problem is formed by connecting a regenerator, a condenser, an evaporator and an absorber to form a circulation path for a refrigerant and an absorbing liquid. A heat source is supplied through a flow rate control valve, and cooling water supplied from the cooling tower to the absorber and condenser is circulated through a cooling water pipe, and from the evaporator to the load through a first brine pipe. A function as an absorption chiller / heater for performing cold supply operation for supplying cold heat, supplying the drive heat source as a main heat source to the regenerator through the flow rate control valve, and supplying a sub heat source to the evaporator, Absorption chiller / heater capable of selecting any one of functions as an absorption heat pump for circulating the cooling water flowing through the absorber and the condenser to the load via the second brine pipe and performing a heat supply operation In
A first temperature detector is provided at the outlet of the evaporator and a second temperature detector is provided at the outlet of the condenser, and the load is selectively connected to the first brine pipe or the second brine pipe. A second switching valve in which the absorber is selectively connected to the load or the cooling tower, and a third switching valve in which the evaporator is selectively connected to the load or the auxiliary heat source. When the load is switched to the first brine pipe by switching the first switching valve, the second switching valve is switched to connect the absorber to the cooling tower, and the third switching valve is switched to load the evaporator. To the load, control the opening of the flow rate control valve according to the temperature detected by the first temperature detector, perform the cooling / heating supply operation to the load, switch the first switching valve and switch the load to the second brine pipe When connected, switch the second selector valve and connect the absorber to the load. In addition, the third switching valve is switched to connect the evaporator to the sub heat source, and the opening of the flow rate control valve is controlled by the temperature detected by the second temperature detector to perform the operation of supplying the heat to the load. It is characterized by.

本発明の吸収冷温水機は、構成が簡単な一重効用吸収冷温水機であり、１台の装置で、夏期の冷房シーズンには冷房運転を行うことができ、そして冬期の暖房シーズンには容易に暖房に切り換えて暖房運転を行うことができるという顕著な効果を奏する。   The absorption chiller / heater of the present invention is a single-effect absorption chiller / heater with a simple structure, and can be operated in the cooling season in the summer with a single device, and easily in the heating season in the winter. It has the remarkable effect that it can switch to heating and can perform heating operation.

以下、本発明を図を用いて詳細に説明する。
図１は本発明の吸収冷温水機の全体の一実施態様を説明する説明図である。
図２は、図１に示した本発明の吸収冷温水機を使用し冷房運転する時の一実施態様を説明する説明図である。
図３は、図１に示した本発明の吸収冷温水機を使用し暖房運転する時の一実施態様を説明する説明図である。
図１に記載の符号のものは図２および図３に記載の符号のものと同じである。これらは、図２を用いて本発明の吸収冷温水機を冷房運転する時の説明および図３を用いて本発明の吸収冷温水機を暖房運転する時の説明において説明されている。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view illustrating one embodiment of the entire absorption chiller / heater of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view illustrating an embodiment when the cooling operation is performed using the absorption chiller / heater of the present invention shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view illustrating one embodiment when the heating / cooling water heater of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 is used for heating operation.
1 are the same as those shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. These are explained in the explanation of the cooling operation of the absorption chiller water heater of the present invention using FIG. 2 and the explanation of the heating operation of the absorption chiller water heater of the present invention using FIG.

（まず、本発明の吸収冷温水機Ａを用いて冷房運転を行う場合について説明する）
図２に示した本発明の吸収冷温水機Ａは、再生器１、凝縮器２、蒸発器３および吸収器４を配管接続して冷媒および吸収液の循環路を形成し、再生器１へ駆動熱源１１を流量制御弁１４を介して供給するとともに、吸収器４および凝縮器２へ冷却塔２９から供給される冷却水を冷却水管１５を介して循環させ（図中黒太線で示す）、一方、蒸発器３から負荷（冷房）２４へ第１ブライン管（冷水配管１６）を介して冷熱を循環供給（図中黒太線で示す）して冷熱供給運転を行うように選択されている。 (First, the case where the cooling operation is performed using the absorption chiller / heater A of the present invention will be described).
The absorption chiller / heater A of the present invention shown in FIG. 2 connects the regenerator 1, the condenser 2, the evaporator 3, and the absorber 4 to form a circulation path for the refrigerant and the absorbing liquid. While supplying the drive heat source 11 via the flow control valve 14, the cooling water supplied from the cooling tower 29 to the absorber 4 and the condenser 2 is circulated via the cooling water pipe 15 (indicated by a thick black line in the figure). On the other hand, the cooling power is selected to be circulated and supplied from the evaporator 3 to the load (cooling) 24 via the first brine pipe (cold water pipe 16) (indicated by a thick black line in the figure).

すなわち、三方弁Ａ、三方弁Ｂからなる第１切換弁を切り換えて負荷２４が第１ブライン管（冷水配管１６）に接続切換されるとともに、三方弁Ｃ、三方弁Ｄおよび三方弁Ｅからなる第３切換弁が切換えられて蒸発器３が負荷２４へ接続されて第１ブライン管（冷水配管１６）を介して冷熱が負荷２４へ循環供給され（図中黒太線で示す）、一方、三方弁Ｆからなる第２切換弁が切換えられて吸収器４が冷却塔２９へ接続され、吸収器４および凝縮器２へ冷却塔２９から供給される冷却水を冷却水管１５を介して循環させ（図中黒太線で示す）、第１温度検出器１７で検出される温度により流量制御弁１４の開度を制御して負荷２４への冷熱供給運転を行うようになっている。   That is, the load 24 is connected and switched to the first brine pipe (cold water pipe 16) by switching the first switching valve including the three-way valve A and the three-way valve B, and the three-way valve C, the three-way valve D, and the three-way valve E. The third switching valve is switched, the evaporator 3 is connected to the load 24, and cold heat is circulated and supplied to the load 24 through the first brine pipe (cold water pipe 16) (indicated by a thick black line in the figure). The second switching valve comprising the valve F is switched to connect the absorber 4 to the cooling tower 29, and the cooling water supplied from the cooling tower 29 to the absorber 4 and the condenser 2 is circulated through the cooling water pipe 15 ( The temperature of the flow rate control valve 14 is controlled by the temperature detected by the first temperature detector 17 to perform a cold supply operation to the load 24.

図２中、Ａは本発明の吸収冷温水機であり、冷媒に例えば水（Ｈ2 Ｏ）、吸収液（溶液）に臭化リチウム（ＬｉＢｒ）溶液を使用したものである。
図２において、１は例えばボイラー、エンジンの冷却水（以下、駆動熱源温水という）を駆動熱源１１とする再生器、２は凝縮器、３は蒸発器、４は吸収器、５は再生器１の加熱器、６は凝縮器熱交換器、７は蒸発器熱交換器、８は吸収器熱交換器、９は再生器１および凝縮器２を収納した上胴、１０は蒸発器３および吸収器４を収納した下胴である。１２は駆動熱源１１から再生器１の加熱器５に至る供給配管、１３は再生器１から駆動熱源１１に至る戻し配管、１４は供給配管１２の途中に接続された流量制御弁である。 In FIG. 2, A is an absorption chiller / heater of the present invention, which uses, for example, water (H 2 O) as a refrigerant and a lithium bromide (LiBr) solution as an absorbing solution (solution).
In FIG. 2, reference numeral 1 denotes, for example, a boiler, a regenerator using engine cooling water (hereinafter referred to as driving heat source hot water) as a driving heat source 11, 2 a condenser, 3 an evaporator, 4 an absorber, and 5 a regenerator 1. , 6 is a condenser heat exchanger, 7 is an evaporator heat exchanger, 8 is an absorber heat exchanger, 9 is an upper cylinder containing the regenerator 1 and the condenser 2, and 10 is an evaporator 3 and an absorber It is a lower torso containing the container 4. 12 is a supply pipe from the drive heat source 11 to the heater 5 of the regenerator 1, 13 is a return pipe from the regenerator 1 to the drive heat source 11, and 14 is a flow control valve connected in the middle of the supply pipe 12.

１５は冷却塔２９から冷却水ポンプ３１により三方弁Ｆを経て冷却水が供給される冷却水管であり、途中に吸収器熱交換器８および凝縮器熱交換器６、第１温度検出器１８が設けられており、冷却水は三方弁Ｂを経て冷却塔２９へ循環使用されている。
１６は冷水配管であり、冷水配管（第１ブライン管）１６の途中に蒸発器熱交換器７、第１温度検出器１７、三方弁Ｄ、三方弁Ａ、冷温水ポンプ３０、負荷（冷房負荷）２４、三方弁Ｃ、三方弁Ｅが設けられている。 A cooling water pipe 15 is supplied with cooling water from a cooling tower 29 via a three-way valve F by a cooling water pump 31, and an absorber heat exchanger 8, a condenser heat exchanger 6, and a first temperature detector 18 are provided on the way. The cooling water is circulated to the cooling tower 29 via the three-way valve B.
Reference numeral 16 denotes a cold water pipe, and an evaporator heat exchanger 7, a first temperature detector 17, a three-way valve D, a three-way valve A, a cold / hot water pump 30, a load (cooling load) in the middle of the cold water pipe (first brine pipe) 16. 24) A three-way valve C and a three-way valve E are provided.

第１温度検出器１７は蒸発器熱交換器７の下流の冷水配管１６の途中に設けられた冷水出口温度を検出するものである。第１温度検出器１７は冷房運転時に使用される。
１８は凝縮器熱交換器６の下流の冷却水管１５の途中に設けられた温水出口温度を検出する第２温度検出器である。第２温度検出器１８は冷房運転時には使用しない。
１９は第１温度検出器１７あるいは第２温度検出器１８からの信号を切り換えるためのスイッチ、そして、２０は第１温度検出器１７あるいは第２温度検出器１８からスイッチ１９を経て信号を入力して制御弁１４の開度の制御信号を出力する制御装置である。 The first temperature detector 17 detects a cold water outlet temperature provided in the middle of the cold water pipe 16 downstream of the evaporator heat exchanger 7. The first temperature detector 17 is used during cooling operation.
Reference numeral 18 denotes a second temperature detector that detects a hot water outlet temperature provided in the middle of the cooling water pipe 15 downstream of the condenser heat exchanger 6. The second temperature detector 18 is not used during the cooling operation.
19 is a switch for switching the signal from the first temperature detector 17 or the second temperature detector 18, and 20 is a signal input from the first temperature detector 17 or the second temperature detector 18 via the switch 19. And a control device that outputs a control signal of the opening degree of the control valve 14.

流量制御弁１４の開度によって決まる駆動熱源１１から供給される駆動熱源温水が供給配管１２を通って再生器１の加熱器５へ流れる。再生器１において濃度が薄い吸収液（稀吸収液という）が加熱され、稀吸収液から冷媒が分離して蒸発し、濃い吸収液（濃液という）が生じる。   Drive heat source hot water supplied from the drive heat source 11 determined by the opening degree of the flow control valve 14 flows to the heater 5 of the regenerator 1 through the supply pipe 12. In the regenerator 1, the absorbing solution having a low concentration (referred to as a rare absorbing solution) is heated, and the refrigerant is separated from the diluted absorbing solution and evaporated to produce a thick absorbing solution (referred to as a concentrated solution).

蒸発した冷媒は凝縮器２へ流れ、凝縮器熱交換器６を流れる冷却水と熱交換して凝縮液化し、冷媒配管２１を経て蒸発器３へ流れる。
蒸発器３へ流れて溜った冷媒は、冷媒ポンプ２２により冷媒配管２３を経て蒸発器熱交換器７上に散布され、そして、冷媒液が蒸発器熱交換器７を流れる冷水と熱交換して蒸発し、気化熱によって冷水が冷却されて冷水配管（第１ブライン管）１６に接続された負荷（冷房負荷）２４へ冷温水ポンプ３０により三方弁Ｄ、Ａを経て供給されて冷房を行った後、三方弁Ｃ、Ｅを経て循環される。 The evaporated refrigerant flows to the condenser 2, exchanges heat with the cooling water flowing through the condenser heat exchanger 6 to be condensed and liquefied, and flows to the evaporator 3 through the refrigerant pipe 21.
The refrigerant that has flowed and accumulated in the evaporator 3 is sprayed onto the evaporator heat exchanger 7 via the refrigerant pipe 23 by the refrigerant pump 22, and the refrigerant liquid exchanges heat with cold water flowing through the evaporator heat exchanger 7. The chilled water is cooled by the heat of vaporization, and is supplied to the load (cooling load) 24 connected to the chilled water pipe (first brine pipe) 16 through the three-way valves D and A to the load (cooling load) 24 for cooling. Then, it is circulated through the three-way valves C and E.

そして、第１温度検出器１７により検出した信号がスイッチ１９を経て制御装置２０に入力され、制御装置２０から信号を出力して制御弁１４の開度の制御が適正に行なわれる。   Then, the signal detected by the first temperature detector 17 is input to the control device 20 through the switch 19, and the signal is output from the control device 20 so that the opening degree of the control valve 14 is appropriately controlled.

また、蒸発器３で蒸発した冷媒は吸収器４へ流れる。一方、再生器１で生じた濃液は、濃液熱交換器２５で稀吸収液ポンプ２６により吸収器４から稀吸収液配管２７を経て送られた稀吸収液と熱交換した後、濃液配管２８を経て吸収器熱交換器８に散布される。吸収器４へ流れた冷媒は吸収器熱交換器８に散布された濃液に吸収され稀吸収液となる。   Further, the refrigerant evaporated in the evaporator 3 flows to the absorber 4. On the other hand, the concentrated liquid generated in the regenerator 1 is heat-exchanged with the diluted absorbent sent from the absorber 4 through the diluted absorbent pipe 27 by the diluted absorbent pump 26 in the concentrated liquid heat exchanger 25, and then concentrated liquid. It is sprayed to the absorber heat exchanger 8 through the pipe 28. The refrigerant that has flowed to the absorber 4 is absorbed by the concentrated liquid dispersed in the absorber heat exchanger 8 and becomes a rare absorbent.

吸収器４にて冷媒を吸収した稀吸収液は、稀吸収液ポンプ２６により吸収器４から稀吸収液配管２７を経て濃液熱交換器２５で前記のように濃液と熱交換されて再生器１へ送られる。
再生器１に流入した稀吸収液は加熱器５によって加熱され、冷媒が分離して蒸発し、前記のように濃液が吸収器４へ流れて散布される。 The rare absorbent that has absorbed the refrigerant in the absorber 4 is regenerated by exchanging heat with the concentrated liquid in the concentrated liquid heat exchanger 25 as described above from the absorber 4 through the rare absorbent pipe 27 by the rare absorbent pump 26. Sent to vessel 1.
The rare absorption liquid flowing into the regenerator 1 is heated by the heater 5, the refrigerant is separated and evaporated, and the concentrated liquid flows to the absorber 4 and is dispersed as described above.

上記のように吸収冷温水機Ａの運転が行われると、蒸発器３の内部に配管された蒸発器熱交換器７において冷媒の気化熱によって冷却された冷水が、冷温水ポンプ３０の運転により冷水配管（第１ブライン管）１６を介して負荷（冷房負荷）２４に循環供給されるので、本発明の吸収冷温水機Ａを使用して夏期の冷房シーズンなどに冷房運転を行うことができる。   When the absorption chiller / heater A is operated as described above, the chilled water cooled by the heat of vaporization of the refrigerant in the evaporator heat exchanger 7 piped inside the evaporator 3 is caused by the operation of the chilled / hot water pump 30. Since it is circulated and supplied to the load (cooling load) 24 via the chilled water pipe (first brine pipe) 16, the cooling operation can be performed in the cooling season in summer using the absorption chiller / heater A of the present invention. .

図２中の三方弁において黒で示した方向は閉じられ、白で示した方向が開けられていることを示す。三方弁は制御装置２０からの信号により開閉信号が送られて適正に開閉するようになっている。
図２中の温度検出器において黒丸で示したものは不使用を示し、白丸で示したものは使用することを示す。 In the three-way valve in FIG. 2, the direction indicated by black is closed, and the direction indicated by white is opened. An open / close signal is sent to the three-way valve in response to a signal from the control device 20, so that the three-way valve opens and closes properly.
In the temperature detector in FIG. 2, a black circle indicates non-use, and a white circle indicates use.

（次に、本発明の吸収冷温水機Ａを用いて暖房運転を行う場合について説明する）
図３に示した本発明の吸収冷温水機Ａは、駆動熱源１１を主熱源として流量制御弁１４を介して再生器１へ供給し、蒸発器３へ副熱源３４を供給（図中黒太線で示す）するとともに、冷却塔２９を使用せず、冷房運転時に用いた冷却水管１５を第２ブライン管として用い、吸収器４および凝縮器２で加温され流通する前記冷却水を第２ブライン管（冷却水管１５）を介して負荷（暖房）２４へと循環（図中黒太線で示す）させて温熱供給運転を行うように選択されている。 (Next, the case where heating operation is performed using the absorption chiller / heater A of the present invention will be described)
The absorption chiller / heater A of the present invention shown in FIG. 3 supplies the drive heat source 11 as the main heat source to the regenerator 1 via the flow rate control valve 14 and supplies the auxiliary heat source 34 to the evaporator 3 (black thick line in the figure). And the cooling water pipe 15 used during the cooling operation is used as the second brine pipe, and the cooling water heated and circulated by the absorber 4 and the condenser 2 is used as the second brine. The heat supply operation is selected by circulating (shown by a black thick line in the figure) to a load (heating) 24 through a pipe (cooling water pipe 15).

すなわち、三方弁Ａおよび三方弁Ｂからなる第１切換弁を切換えて負荷（暖房）２４が第２ブライン管（冷却水管１５）に切換接続され、吸収器４および凝縮器２が負荷（暖房）２４へ接続されるとともに、三方弁Ｃ、三方弁Ｄおよび三方弁Ｅからなる第３切換弁が切換えられ、蒸発器３が三方弁Ｅおよび三方弁Ｄを備えた温熱水配管３２、３３を経て図示しない地熱、温泉、ボイラーなどの副熱源３４へ接続され、吸収器４および凝縮器２で加温され流通する前記冷却水が第２ブライン管（冷却水管１５）を介して負荷（暖房）２４へ供給されて暖房を行った後、三方弁Ｃ、三方弁Ｆを経て循環（図中黒太線で示す）されている。
図示しない地熱、温泉、ボイラーなどの副熱源３４からの温熱水は温熱水配管３２から冷房運転時に用いた冷水配管１６に三方弁Ｅを経て供給され、蒸発器３の蒸発器熱交換器７を経て三方弁Ｄを通って温熱水配管３３から排出するか循環させて再使用する。 That is, the load (heating) 24 is switched to the second brine pipe (cooling water pipe 15) by switching the first switching valve composed of the three-way valve A and the three-way valve B, and the absorber 4 and the condenser 2 are loaded (heating). 24, and a third switching valve comprising a three-way valve C, a three-way valve D and a three-way valve E is switched, and the evaporator 3 passes through hot water pipes 32 and 33 provided with the three-way valve E and the three-way valve D. The cooling water that is connected to a secondary heat source 34 such as geothermal heat, hot spring, and boiler (not shown) and that is heated by the absorber 4 and the condenser 2 and circulates is loaded (heating) 24 through the second brine pipe (cooling water pipe 15). After being heated and heated, it is circulated through the three-way valve C and the three-way valve F (indicated by a thick black line in the figure).
Hot water from an auxiliary heat source 34 such as geothermal, hot spring, boiler, etc. (not shown) is supplied from the hot water pipe 32 to the cold water pipe 16 used during the cooling operation via the three-way valve E, and the evaporator heat exchanger 7 of the evaporator 3 is supplied. After that, it is discharged from the hot water piping 33 through the three-way valve D or circulated for reuse.

そして凝縮器熱交換器６の下流の第２ブライン管（冷却水管１５）の途中に設けられた第２温度検出器１８により検出した信号がスイッチ１９を経て制御装置２０に入力され、制御装置２０から信号を出力して流量制御弁１４の開度の制御が適正に行なわれる。   The signal detected by the second temperature detector 18 provided in the middle of the second brine pipe (cooling water pipe 15) downstream of the condenser heat exchanger 6 is input to the control device 20 via the switch 19, and the control device 20 Is output appropriately to control the opening degree of the flow control valve 14.

冷媒、駆動熱源温水、稀吸収液、濃液などの循環量、稀吸収液中の臭化リチウム濃度、濃液中の臭化リチウム濃度、温度などは暖房運転に合わせて適正に制御される。冷媒、駆動熱源温水、稀吸収液、濃液などの循環経路については暖房運転の場合も前記冷房運転の場合と同じである。   The circulation amount of the refrigerant, the drive heat source hot water, the diluted absorbent, the concentrated liquid, the lithium bromide concentration in the diluted absorbent, the lithium bromide concentration in the concentrated liquid, the temperature, and the like are appropriately controlled in accordance with the heating operation. Circulation paths for the refrigerant, the drive heat source hot water, the rare absorption liquid, the concentrated liquid, and the like are the same as in the cooling operation in the heating operation.

図３中の三方弁において黒で示した方向は閉じられ、白で示した方向が開けられていることを示す。三方弁は制御装置２０からの信号により開閉信号が送られて適正に開閉するようになっている。
図３中の温度検出器において黒丸で示したものは不使用を示し、白丸で示したものは使用することを示す。 In the three-way valve in FIG. 3, the direction indicated by black is closed and the direction indicated by white is opened. An open / close signal is sent to the three-way valve in response to a signal from the control device 20, so that the three-way valve opens and closes properly.
In the temperature detector in FIG. 3, a black circle indicates non-use, and a white circle indicates use.

上記のように吸収冷温水機Ａの運転が行われると、吸収器４および凝縮器２の熱交換器８、６において加温された温水が、冷温水ポンプ３０の運転により第２ブライン管（冷却水管１５）を介して負荷（暖房負荷）２４に循環供給されるので、本発明の吸収冷温水機Ａを使用して冬期の暖房シーズンなどに暖房運転を効率良く行うことができる。   When the operation of the absorption chiller / heater A is performed as described above, the warm water heated in the heat exchangers 8 and 6 of the absorber 4 and the condenser 2 is converted into the second brine pipe ( Since it is circulated and supplied to the load (heating load) 24 via the cooling water pipe 15), the heating operation can be efficiently performed in the winter heating season or the like using the absorption chiller / heater A of the present invention.

２０は、上記のような動作機能を有する吸収冷温水機Ａに設けた制御装置であり、マイコンや記憶手段などを備えて構成され、第１温度検出器１７や第２温度検出器１８で検出された冷温水の温度情報を、スイッチ１９を経て取り込み、この冷温水の温度が所定の設定温度に維持されるように、制御弁１４の開度が制御され、再生器１への入熱量を制御する容量制御機能を備えているとともに、冷温水ポンプ３０の運転をインバータ制御することにより、冷温水の循環量を最適な液循環量とする制御機能を備えている。
また、制御装置２０は、冷媒ポンプ２２、稀吸収液ポンプ２６、冷却水ポンプ３１の運転をインバータ制御することにより、再生器１へ供給される稀吸収液循環量を最適な稀吸収液循環量とし、蒸発器３へ供給される冷媒量を最適な量とし、冷却水配管１５中の冷温水量を最適な量とする制御機能を備えている。
なお、冷温水ポンプ３０は、本発明の吸収冷温水機Ａに接続された図示しない制御盤から制御されるものとしてもよい。 Reference numeral 20 denotes a control device provided in the absorption chiller / heater A having the above-described operation function, which includes a microcomputer and storage means, and is detected by the first temperature detector 17 and the second temperature detector 18. The obtained temperature information of the cold / hot water is taken in via the switch 19, the opening degree of the control valve 14 is controlled so that the temperature of the cold / hot water is maintained at a predetermined set temperature, and the amount of heat input to the regenerator 1 is reduced. It has a capacity control function to control, and also has a control function to set the circulation amount of the cold / hot water to an optimum liquid circulation amount by inverter control of the operation of the cold / hot water pump 30.
In addition, the control device 20 controls the operation of the refrigerant pump 22, the rare absorbent pump 26, and the cooling water pump 31 with an inverter, so that the rare absorbent circulation amount supplied to the regenerator 1 is optimized. And a control function that sets the amount of refrigerant supplied to the evaporator 3 to an optimum amount and the amount of cold / hot water in the cooling water pipe 15 to an optimum amount.
In addition, the cold / hot water pump 30 is good also as what is controlled from the control panel which is not shown connected to the absorption cold / hot water machine A of this invention.

なお、上記実施形態の説明は、本発明を説明するためのものであって、特許請求の範囲に記載の発明を限定し、あるいは範囲を減縮するものではない。又、本発明の各部構成は上記実施形態に限らず、特許請求の範囲に記載の技術的範囲内で種々の変形が可能である。   The description of the above embodiment is for explaining the present invention, and does not limit the invention described in the claims or reduce the scope. Moreover, each part structure of this invention is not restricted to the said embodiment, A various deformation | transformation is possible within the technical scope as described in a claim.

例えば本実施の形態では、全て三方弁Ａ〜Ｆを用いるものと説明しているが、これに限らず、２つの二方弁（開閉弁）を組み合わせ、逆開閉とさせることにより、夫々の三方弁Ａ〜Ｆを構成することも可能である。これにより、コストを低減させて本発明を実施することができる。   For example, in the present embodiment, it is described that all three-way valves A to F are used. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and two two-way valves (open / close valves) are combined to be reversely opened and closed, respectively. It is also possible to configure the valves A to F. Thereby, cost can be reduced and this invention can be implemented.

本発明の吸収冷温水機は、構成が簡単であり、１台の装置で、例えば夏期の冷房シーズンには冷房運転を行うことができ、そして冬期の暖房シーズンには容易に暖房に切り換えて暖房運転を行うことができるという顕著な効果を奏するので産業上の利用価値は甚だ大きい。   The absorption chiller / heater of the present invention is simple in configuration, and can be operated by a single device, for example, in the cooling season in summer, and easily switched to heating in the heating season in winter. Since it has the remarkable effect of being able to operate, the industrial utility value is very large.

本発明の吸収冷温水機の全体の一実施態様を説明する説明図である。It is explanatory drawing explaining one embodiment of the whole absorption cold / hot water machine of this invention. 図１に示した本発明の吸収冷温水機を使用し冷房運転する時の一実施態様を説明する説明図である。It is explanatory drawing explaining one embodiment at the time of cooling operation using the absorption cold / hot water machine of this invention shown in FIG. 図１に示した本発明の吸収冷温水機を使用し暖房運転する時の一実施態様を説明する説明図である。It is explanatory drawing explaining one embodiment at the time of heating operation using the absorption cold / hot water machine of this invention shown in FIG.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

Ａ 吸収冷温水機
１ 再生器
２ 凝縮器
３ 蒸発器
４ 吸収器
５ 加熱器
６ 凝縮器熱交換器
７ 蒸発器熱交換器
８ 吸収器熱交換器
９ 上胴
１０ 下胴
１１ 駆動熱源
１２ 供給配管
１３ 戻し配管
１４ 流量制御弁
１５ 冷却水管
１６ 冷水配管
１７ 第１温度検出器
１８ 第２温度検出器
１９ スイッチ
２０ 制御装置
２１、２３ 冷媒配管
２２ 冷媒ポンプ
２４ 負荷（冷房／暖房）
２５ 濃液熱交換器
２６ 稀吸収液ポンプ
２７ 稀吸収液配管
２８ 濃液配管
２９ 冷却塔
３０ 冷温水ポンプ
３１ 冷却水ポンプ
３２、３３ 温熱水配管
３４ 副熱源 A Absorption chiller / heater 1 Regenerator 2 Condenser 3 Evaporator 4 Absorber 5 Heater 6 Condenser heat exchanger 7 Evaporator heat exchanger 8 Absorber heat exchanger 9 Upper trunk 10 Lower trunk 11 Drive heat source 12 Supply piping 13 Return pipe 14 Flow control valve 15 Cooling water pipe 16 Cooling water pipe 17 First temperature detector 18 Second temperature detector 19 Switch 20 Controllers 21 and 23 Refrigerant pipe 22 Refrigerant pump 24 Load (cooling / heating)
25 Concentrated liquid heat exchanger 26 Rare absorbing liquid pump 27 Rare absorbing liquid pipe 28 Concentrated liquid pipe 29 Cooling tower 30 Cold / hot water pump 31 Cooling water pumps 32, 33 Hot water piping 34 Sub heat source

Claims (1)

再生器、凝縮器、蒸発器および吸収器を配管接続して冷媒および吸収液の循環路を形成し、再生器へ駆動熱源を流量制御弁を介して供給するとともに、吸収器および凝縮器へ冷却塔から供給される冷却水を冷却水管を介して循環させ、前記蒸発器から負荷へ第１ブライン管を介して冷熱を供給する冷熱供給運転を行う吸収冷温水機としての機能と、前記駆動熱源を主熱源として前記流量制御弁を介して前記再生器へ供給し、前記蒸発器へ副熱源を供給するとともに、吸収器および凝縮器を流通する前記冷却水を第２ブライン管を介して前記負荷へと循環させて温熱供給運転とを行う吸収ヒートポンプとしての機能とのいずれか一方を選択可能な吸収冷温水機において、
蒸発器の出口に第１温度検出器を、凝縮器の出口に第２温度検出器を夫々設けるとともに、負荷が第１ブライン管または第２ブライン管に択一的に接続切換される第１切換弁を設けるとともに、吸収器が負荷または冷却塔に択一的に接続切換される第２切換弁と、蒸発器が負荷または副熱源に択一的に接続切換される第３切換弁とを設け、第１切換弁を切換えて負荷が第１ブライン管に接続切換えされるときは、第２切換弁を切換えて吸収器を冷却塔へ接続するとともに、第３切換弁を切換えて蒸発器を負荷へと接続し、第１温度検出器で検出される温度により流量制御弁の開度を制御して負荷への冷熱供給運転を行い、第１切換弁を切換えて負荷が第２ブライン管に切換接続されるときは、第２切換弁を切換えて吸収器を負荷へ接続するとともに、第３切換弁を切換えて蒸発器を副熱源へと接続し、第２温度検出器で検出された温度により流量制御弁の開度を制御して負荷への温熱供給運転を行うことを特徴とする吸収冷温水機。 The regenerator, condenser, evaporator and absorber are connected by piping to form a circulation path for the refrigerant and absorption liquid, and the drive heat source is supplied to the regenerator via the flow control valve and cooled to the absorber and condenser. A function as an absorption chiller / heater that circulates cooling water supplied from a tower through a cooling water pipe and supplies cold heat from the evaporator to a load through a first brine pipe, and the driving heat source; Is supplied to the regenerator through the flow rate control valve as a main heat source, a sub heat source is supplied to the evaporator, and the cooling water flowing through the absorber and the condenser is supplied to the load through the second brine pipe. In the absorption chiller / heater that can select either one of the functions as an absorption heat pump that circulates to and performs the heat supply operation,
A first temperature detector is provided at the outlet of the evaporator and a second temperature detector is provided at the outlet of the condenser, and the load is selectively connected to the first brine pipe or the second brine pipe. A second switching valve in which the absorber is selectively connected to the load or the cooling tower, and a third switching valve in which the evaporator is selectively connected to the load or the auxiliary heat source. When the load is switched to the first brine pipe by switching the first switching valve, the second switching valve is switched to connect the absorber to the cooling tower, and the third switching valve is switched to load the evaporator. To the load, control the opening of the flow rate control valve according to the temperature detected by the first temperature detector, perform the cooling / heating supply operation to the load, switch the first switching valve and switch the load to the second brine pipe When connected, switch the second selector valve and connect the absorber to the load. In addition, the third switching valve is switched to connect the evaporator to the sub heat source, and the opening of the flow rate control valve is controlled by the temperature detected by the second temperature detector to perform the operation of supplying the heat to the load. Absorption chiller / heater characterized by
JP2008081290A 2008-03-26 2008-03-26 Absorption chiller/heater Pending JP2009236369A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

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JP2008081290A JP2009236369A (en) 2008-03-26 2008-03-26 Absorption chiller/heater
KR1020090023612A KR100981977B1 (en) 2008-03-26 2009-03-19 Absorption water chiller-heater
CN2009101298360A CN101545695B (en) 2008-03-26 2009-03-26 Absorption type water cooling and warming machine

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Publications (1)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN102313415A (en) * 2011-10-08 2012-01-11 浪达科技（深圳）有限公司 Control system of vehicular refrigerating equipment and method thereof
JP2013104629A (en) * 2011-11-15 2013-05-30 Kawasaki Thermal Engineering Co Ltd Absorption chiller/heater and operating method therefor

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JP2014163594A (en) * 2013-02-26 2014-09-08 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Flow control device and fluid circuit system
CA3022133C (en) * 2016-05-11 2022-06-14 Stone Mountain Technologies, Inc. Sorption heat pump and control method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3655036B2 (en) 1997-01-24 2005-06-02 日新製鋼株式会社 High-temperature regenerator of air-cooled absorption chiller / heater
CN1243939C (en) * 2002-01-30 2006-03-01 株式会社田熊 Absorption refrigerator
JP2004239445A (en) 2003-02-03 2004-08-26 Yazaki Corp Absorption water cooler/heater
JP4247521B2 (en) 2003-02-07 2009-04-02 矢崎総業株式会社 Absorption type water heater

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102313415A (en) * 2011-10-08 2012-01-11 浪达科技（深圳）有限公司 Control system of vehicular refrigerating equipment and method thereof
JP2013104629A (en) * 2011-11-15 2013-05-30 Kawasaki Thermal Engineering Co Ltd Absorption chiller/heater and operating method therefor

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CN101545695B (en) 2011-01-05
KR100981977B1 (en) 2010-09-13
KR20090102651A (en) 2009-09-30

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