JP2009047095A - 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の排気浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009047095A JP2009047095A JP2007214984A JP2007214984A JP2009047095A JP 2009047095 A JP2009047095 A JP 2009047095A JP 2007214984 A JP2007214984 A JP 2007214984A JP 2007214984 A JP2007214984 A JP 2007214984A JP 2009047095 A JP2009047095 A JP 2009047095A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/085—Sulfur or sulfur oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
- F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2062—Ammonia
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2067—Urea
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/91—NOx-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
- B01D2257/302—Sulfur oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Abstract
【解決手段】機関排気通路内にNOX選択還元触媒15を配置し、NOX選択還元触媒15の上流に酸化触媒13を配置し、酸化触媒13の上流にNOX吸着触媒12を配置する。NOX吸着触媒12は温度上昇すると吸着しているNOXを放出する性質を有すると共に排気ガス中に含まれるSOXを捕獲する性質を有する。NOX吸着触媒12により酸化触媒13へのSOXの流入を抑制してNOX吸着触媒12から放出されたNOが酸化触媒13においてNO2に酸化されるのをSOXにより阻害されないようにする。
【選択図】図1
Description
図1を参照すると、1は機関本体、2は各気筒の燃焼室、3は各燃焼室2内に夫々燃料を噴射するための電子制御式燃料噴射弁、4は吸気マニホルド、5は排気マニホルドを夫々示す。吸気マニホルド4は吸気ダクト6を介して排気ターボチャージャ7のコンプレッサ7aの出口に連結され、コンプレッサ7aの入口は吸入空気量検出器8を介してエアクリーナ9に連結される。吸気ダクト6内にはステップモータにより駆動されるスロットル弁10が配置され、更に吸気ダクト6周りには吸気ダクト6内を流れる吸入空気を冷却するための冷却装置11が配置される。図1に示される実施例では機関冷却水が冷却装置11内に導かれ、機関冷却水によって吸入空気が冷却される。
NO+NO2+2NH3→2N2+3H2O
上式から、排気ガス中のNOとNO2との比率が1:1のとき、即ち排気ガス中の(NO+NO2)に対するNO2の比率、言い換えると排気ガス中のNOXに対するNO2の比率が50パーセントのときに反応速度が最も速くなり、斯くしてNOX浄化率が最も高くなることがわかる。
図3を参照するとまず初めにステップ50において予め設定されている運転状態であるか否かが判別される。次いでステップ51ではNOX選択還元触媒15の温度TCがT1、例えば230℃以上であってT2、例えば330℃以下であるか否か、即ち特定の温度領域TCX内であるか否かが判別される。触媒温度TCが特定の温度領域TCX内でないときにはステップ50に戻る。これに対し、触媒温度TCが特定の温度領域TCX内であるときにはステップ52に進む。
5 排気マニホルド
7 排気ターボチャージャ
12 NOX吸着触媒
13 酸化触媒
15 NOX選択還元触媒
17 尿素水供給弁
29 NOXセンサ
Claims (4)
- 機関排気通路内にNOX選択還元触媒を配置し、該NOX選択還元触媒に尿素を供給して該尿素から発生するアンモニアにより排気ガス中に含まれるNOXを選択的に還元するようにした内燃機関の排気浄化装置において、上記NOX選択還元触媒上流の機関排気通路内に酸化触媒を配置すると共に酸化触媒上流の機関排気通路内にNOX吸着触媒を配置し、該NOX吸着触媒は、NOX吸着触媒の温度が低いときには排気ガス中に含まれるNOXを吸着しかつNOX吸着触媒の温度が上昇すると吸着しているNOXを放出する性質を有すると共に排気ガス中に含まれるSOXを捕獲する性質を有し、該NOX吸着触媒により酸化触媒へのSOXの流入を抑制してNOX吸着触媒から放出されたNOが酸化触媒においてNO2に酸化されるのをSOXにより阻害されないようにした内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 酸化触媒にSOXが流入するとNOX選択還元触媒によるNOX浄化率が予め定められた特定のNOX選択還元触媒温度領域において低下し、該特定のNOX選択還元触媒温度領域における該NOX浄化率が予め定められたレベル以下に低下したときにNOX吸着触媒および酸化触媒のSOX被毒回復処理を行うようにした請求項1に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 上記特定のNOX選択還元触媒温度領域が230℃から330℃である請求項2に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 機関アイドリング運転時に上記特定のNOX選択還元触媒温度領域における上記NOX浄化率が予め定められたレベル以下に低下したか否かを判断する請求項2に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007214984A JP4821737B2 (ja) | 2007-08-21 | 2007-08-21 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
EP08792627A EP2182188B1 (en) | 2007-08-21 | 2008-08-15 | Exhaust purification device for internal combustion engine |
PCT/JP2008/064956 WO2009025343A1 (ja) | 2007-08-21 | 2008-08-15 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
US12/449,344 US8099952B2 (en) | 2007-08-21 | 2008-08-15 | Exhaust purification device of an internal combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007214984A JP4821737B2 (ja) | 2007-08-21 | 2007-08-21 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2009047095A true JP2009047095A (ja) | 2009-03-05 |
JP4821737B2 JP4821737B2 (ja) | 2011-11-24 |
Family
ID=40378243
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007214984A Expired - Fee Related JP4821737B2 (ja) | 2007-08-21 | 2007-08-21 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8099952B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2182188B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4821737B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2009025343A1 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011080845A1 (ja) * | 2009-12-28 | 2011-07-07 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
WO2011125205A1 (ja) | 2010-04-08 | 2011-10-13 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
WO2011142041A1 (ja) * | 2010-05-12 | 2011-11-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
WO2013094938A1 (ko) * | 2011-12-19 | 2013-06-27 | 에스코 주식회사 | 매연탈질장치 |
JP2016176429A (ja) * | 2015-03-20 | 2016-10-06 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | エンジンの排気浄化装置 |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4821737B2 (ja) * | 2007-08-21 | 2011-11-24 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
WO2012025976A1 (ja) * | 2010-08-23 | 2012-03-01 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
EP3540495A1 (en) | 2010-10-28 | 2019-09-18 | EndoChoice Innovation Center Ltd. | Optical systems for multi-sensor endoscopes |
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JPH06173659A (ja) * | 1992-12-14 | 1994-06-21 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
JP2002242667A (ja) * | 2001-01-30 | 2002-08-28 | Omg Ag & Co Kg | 内燃機関用排ガス浄化装置 |
JP2004100483A (ja) * | 2002-09-05 | 2004-04-02 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 排気ガス浄化方法 |
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JP2006519332A (ja) * | 2003-02-26 | 2006-08-24 | ユミコア・アクチエンゲゼルシャフト・ウント・コムパニー・コマンディットゲゼルシャフト | 内燃機関のリーン排ガス中の窒素酸化物の選択的接触還元のための排ガス浄化装置および排ガス浄化法 |
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AU2003262001B2 (en) * | 2002-09-10 | 2007-10-11 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust gas clarifying device for internal combustion engine |
JP2005155374A (ja) * | 2003-11-21 | 2005-06-16 | Isuzu Motors Ltd | 排気浄化方法及び排気浄化システム |
US7562522B2 (en) * | 2006-06-06 | 2009-07-21 | Eaton Corporation | Enhanced hybrid de-NOx system |
JP4821737B2 (ja) * | 2007-08-21 | 2011-11-24 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
JP2009103098A (ja) * | 2007-10-25 | 2009-05-14 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
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2007
- 2007-08-21 JP JP2007214984A patent/JP4821737B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-08-15 US US12/449,344 patent/US8099952B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-08-15 EP EP08792627A patent/EP2182188B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-08-15 WO PCT/JP2008/064956 patent/WO2009025343A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
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JPH06173659A (ja) * | 1992-12-14 | 1994-06-21 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
JP2002242667A (ja) * | 2001-01-30 | 2002-08-28 | Omg Ag & Co Kg | 内燃機関用排ガス浄化装置 |
JP2004100483A (ja) * | 2002-09-05 | 2004-04-02 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 排気ガス浄化方法 |
JP2006512529A (ja) * | 2003-01-02 | 2006-04-13 | ダイムラークライスラー・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 排気ガス後処理装置及び方法 |
JP2006519332A (ja) * | 2003-02-26 | 2006-08-24 | ユミコア・アクチエンゲゼルシャフト・ウント・コムパニー・コマンディットゲゼルシャフト | 内燃機関のリーン排ガス中の窒素酸化物の選択的接触還元のための排ガス浄化装置および排ガス浄化法 |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011080845A1 (ja) * | 2009-12-28 | 2011-07-07 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
CN102686841A (zh) * | 2009-12-28 | 2012-09-19 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 内燃机的排气净化装置 |
JP5267682B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-28 | 2013-08-21 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
US8677735B2 (en) | 2009-12-28 | 2014-03-25 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine |
WO2011125205A1 (ja) | 2010-04-08 | 2011-10-13 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
US9157354B2 (en) | 2010-04-08 | 2015-10-13 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust gas purification apparatus for internal combustion engine |
WO2011142041A1 (ja) * | 2010-05-12 | 2011-11-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
JP5115658B2 (ja) * | 2010-05-12 | 2013-01-09 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
US8465702B2 (en) | 2010-05-12 | 2013-06-18 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine |
WO2013094938A1 (ko) * | 2011-12-19 | 2013-06-27 | 에스코 주식회사 | 매연탈질장치 |
JP2016176429A (ja) * | 2015-03-20 | 2016-10-06 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | エンジンの排気浄化装置 |
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JP4821737B2 (ja) | 2011-11-24 |
US20100139259A1 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
US8099952B2 (en) | 2012-01-24 |
EP2182188A1 (en) | 2010-05-05 |
WO2009025343A1 (ja) | 2009-02-26 |
EP2182188A4 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
EP2182188B1 (en) | 2012-06-27 |
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