JP2008541717A - 肝臓前駆細胞 - Google Patents
肝臓前駆細胞 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008541717A JP2008541717A JP2008513014A JP2008513014A JP2008541717A JP 2008541717 A JP2008541717 A JP 2008541717A JP 2008513014 A JP2008513014 A JP 2008513014A JP 2008513014 A JP2008513014 A JP 2008513014A JP 2008541717 A JP2008541717 A JP 2008541717A
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Abstract
Description
(i)成体肝臓由来ヒト成熟肝細胞を、成熟肝細胞が死に、そして類上皮形態を有する生存細胞の集団が選択されるまで、細胞培養培地で培養し;
(ii)生存細胞の集団を、hEGF(ヒト上皮増殖因子)およびbFGF(塩基性繊維芽細胞増殖因子)で補充され、そしてほ乳類細胞の増殖に必要な通常の無機塩、アミノ酸およびビタミンを含む、血清含有、グルコース含有培養培地で培養することにより増殖させる、
工程を含む。
成体ヒト肝臓組織から取得した正常なヒト成熟肝細胞を、10%のフィルター滅菌ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)を補充した加熱不活性化ウシ胎仔血清(FCS)で凍結保存し、バイアルを液体窒素中に貯蔵した。肝細胞を融解し、色素トリパンブルーを用いた排除アッセイにより生存細胞の数を決定することによって凍結後の細胞の生存を制御した。実験は、細胞の生存が90%を超え、融解された細胞がそれらの表現型および分化能力を維持することを示した。
肝細胞を、新鮮な(fresh)肝臓から2個の調製物、および凍結保存した肝細胞から6個の調製物(Cambrex(Bio Science, Verviers, Belgium, http://www.cambrex.com)から取得した)を含む、8個の異なった正常ヒト肝臓調製物から取得した。
ヒト肝細胞を、肝切除術を受けている患者の新鮮な外科標本から単離した。健康な肝臓組織(5−20 g)を、コラゲナーゼ消化により肝細胞を単離するのに用いた。簡潔には、肝臓組織を単離し、350 mlの温かい(37℃)、カルシウムフリー緩衝液(Liver Perfusion Medium, Gibco, Grand Island, NY; http://www.invitrogen.com/)で分散した。次いで、肝臓組織を、37℃、Liver Digest Medium (Gibco)で消化した。この結果、肝臓組織の分枝化、軟化および解離を生じ、10−12分以内に肝臓の完全な消化を提供した。肝細胞を、大きなボアピペット(bore pipette)を用いたミンチング(mincing)およびピペッティングにより、解離した。細胞懸濁液を、氷上に置いたビーカー中、滅菌した100 μmナイロンメッシュを通して濾過し、50 g、5分間の遠心分離により沈殿させ、再懸濁し、そして、低温洗浄培地 (Hepatocyte Wash Medium, Gibco)で2−3回洗浄した。
上記したとおり取得した肝細胞を、最初、グルタミンおよび5% ウシ胎仔血清(FCS, Euroclone, Wetherby, UK, http://www.euroclone.net)をさらに補充したWilliams Medium E medium (Gibco)に播種した。非接着細胞を2〜3時間後に除去し、次いで、肝細胞血清フリー培地(Hepatozyme−SFM, Gibco)、すなわち、サンドイッチマトリックス(sandwich matrix)を提供するために1.25 μg/cm2 のコラーゲンを補充した、高度に修飾されたChees' Mediumで置き換えた。培養に、24時間およびその後は48時間毎に、Hepatozyme SFM (コラーゲン不含)を与えた。肝細胞を、Hepatozyme−SFM中、コラーゲンコート培養プレート1 cm2あたり1.0−1.5×105生存細胞[トリパンブルー(Gibco)により決定された80 %生存細胞]の濃度で播種し、37℃、5% CO2で2週間維持した。培養の約2週間後、肝細胞の広範囲に及ぶ死が観察された。
培養培地を、L−グルタミン(5 mM)、Hepes(12 mM, pH 7.4)、ペニシリン(50 IU/ml)、ストレプトマイシン(50 μg/ml) (すべては、Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO; http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/から)、FCS (10%)およびウマ血清(10%, HS, Gibco)を補充した、アルファ−最少重要培地(alfa-Minimum Essential Medium)/内皮細胞基底培地−1(αMEM/EBM) (3:1) (Gibco/Cambrex)で置き換えた。個々の接着細胞を、あと3週間後、培養皿上で同定した。コロニーが明らかであるとき、クローニングリングをそれらの周辺に配置し、それらを24−ウェル培養プレートの個々のウェルにサブクローン化した。増殖細胞を75−cm2フラスコに移し、それらがコンフルエンスに近づいたとき解析した。
ヒト凍結保存正常肝細胞を、上記したとおりの、同じ培養条件下(ネガティブ選択および増殖)で培養し、同様の結果を得た。
約10世代の間培養した細胞を引きはがし、SV40からサブクローン化したラージT抗原を有する5 μgのpcDNA4/TO (Invitrogen)ベクターと共に、180 Vで20秒間、エレクトロポレーションにかけた。細胞を、ゼオシン(5μg/ml)を用いて3週間、選択した。
ドキシサイクリン(1 μg/ml)を用いて成長するように誘導し、上記したとおり取得した不死化細胞を、特に、肝細胞の典型的な特徴である、グルコースの代わりにガラクトースを用いることができる細胞を選択するために、1 μg/mlガラクトースおよび3% FCSを含むグルコース不含RPMI培地で、30日間培養した。細胞を試験し、凍結保存した。
HuHep細胞が成熟肝細胞へ分化できるか否かを検証するために、チトクロームP450、すなわち、代謝的酸化酵素の発現を、異なる培養条件下で評価した。細胞を、下記の培養条件で15日間培養した:
骨形成分化を誘導するために、10% FCS、10% HS、100 U/mL ペニシリン、100 μg/mL ストレプトマイシン、12 mM L−グルタミン、20 mM β−リン酸グリセロール、50 ng/mL チロキシン、1 nM デキサメタゾン、および0.5 μM アスコルビン酸−2−リン酸 (すべて、Sigma−Aldrichから)を補充したα−MEMで、細胞を培養する。培地を、3週間の間、1週間に2回、新鮮培地と置き換える。分化を評価するために、細胞を、4% パラホルムアルデヒドを用いて、20分間、RTで固定し、アリザリンレッドを用いて、pH 4.1 (Sigma)、20分間、RTで染色した。
内皮細胞分化は、細胞を、血管内皮増殖因子(VEGF, 10 ng/ml, Sigma)と共に、EBM−2培地(Cambrex)で10日間培養することにより取得した。VEGFを補充したEBMで培養したとき、細胞は、非分化条件ではネガティブであった内皮マーカーCD31、CD34、KDR(VEGFR−2)、CD144(VE−カドヘリン)、およびフォンウィルブランド因子を発現し、これは、内皮分化を示している。内皮分化の間、アルブミン、AFPおよびCK18は、消失した。
アセトアミノフェン肝臓毒性は、肝臓ネクローシスのよく認識されたモデルである。アセトアミノフェンの毒性代謝産物であるN−アセチル−p−ベンゾキノンイミン(NAPQI)のレベルの増加は、肝細胞ネクローシスの原因である。
SCIDマウスは、Charles River(Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME)から取得した。それらは、特定の病原体フリー環境で飼育された。8週齢の雄SCIDマウスを、実験のために使用した。実験は、国立衛生研究所のガイドラインにしたがって行った。16時間絶食後、マウスの腹腔内に、滅菌生理食塩水に溶解した250 mg/kg アセトアミノフェン(Sigma, St. Louis, MO)またはビーヒクルコントロールとして滅菌生理食塩水のみを注射した。アセトアミノフェンでの注射後、マウスは、標準的な餌で不断給餌された。
アスパラギン酸アミノトランスフェラーゼ(AST)およびアラニンアミノトランスフェラーゼ(ALT)の血漿または血清レベルを、商業的に利用可能なキット(Sigma Diagnostic)を用いて、37℃で測定した。
肝臓組織を、切片化する前に、ホルマリン固定およびパラフィン封入した。肝臓切片をヘモトキシリン−エオシンで染色した。
凍結肝臓切片を、FITC−結合マウス抗ヒトHLA−A、B、Cモノクローナル抗体(BioLegend, San Diego, CA) (1:200)、またはコントロールマウスモノクローナル抗体IgG1を用いて、室温で1時間、インキュベートした。3個の非連続切片を、それぞれの標本のために調べた。
アセトアミノフェンは、肝臓の広範囲に及ぶネクローシス損傷を誘導した。肝臓損傷の誘導後24時間、標識したHuHEPの注入は、肝臓損傷サイトでの局所的なHuHEPの補充(recruitment)を生じた。細胞は、それらが、肝臓損傷後15日のSCIDマウスの肝臓で検出可能であるので、肝臓再生に貢献することが分かった。
Claims (30)
- 肝細胞マーカーを発現する、非卵形ヒト肝臓多能性前駆細胞株。
- 肝細胞マーカーアルブミンおよびα−フェトプロテインを発現する、請求項1記載の細胞株。
- 肝細胞マーカーCK18を発現する、請求項1または2記載の細胞株。
- 幹細胞マーカーCD44、CD29、CD73、CD146、CD105およびCD90を発現する、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の細胞株。
- 造血細胞マーカーを発現しない、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の細胞株。
- 造血幹細胞マーカーCD133を発現しない、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の細胞株。
- 卵形細胞マーカーCD117(C−kit)、CK19およびCD34を発現しない、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の細胞株。
- 成熟肝細胞マーカーチトクロームp450を発現せず、および尿素を合成しない、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の細胞株。
- 成熟肝細胞およびインスリン産生細胞に分化できる、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の細胞株。
- 不死化した、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の細胞株。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の非卵形ヒト肝臓多能性前駆細胞株を単離する方法であって、
(i)成体肝臓由来ヒト成熟肝細胞を、成熟肝細胞が死に、そして類上皮形態を有する生存細胞の集団が選択されるまで、細胞培養培地で培養し;
(ii)類上皮形態を有する生存細胞の集団を、hEGF(ヒト上皮増殖因子)およびbFGF(塩基性繊維芽細胞増殖因子)で補充され、そしてほ乳類細胞の増殖に必要な通常の無機塩、アミノ酸およびビタミンを含む、血清含有、グルコース含有培養培地で培養することにより増殖させる、
工程を含む、方法。 - 成熟肝細胞が、凍結保護剤の存在下、血清含有培養培地中に凍結され、その後、工程(i)に記載の培養前に解凍する、請求項11記載の方法。
- 凍結保護剤がジメチルスルホキシドである、請求項12記載の方法。
- 工程(i)の細胞培養培地が肝細胞培養培地である、請求項11〜13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 工程(ii)の血清含有培養培地が、ウシ胎仔血清(FCS)またはヒト血清(HS)、抗生物質およびグルタミンを補充したαMEM−EBM (3:1 vol/vol)の混合物である、請求項11〜14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 成熟肝細胞が、工程(i)にしたがって少なくとも2週間培養される、請求項11〜15のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 単離した非卵形ヒト肝臓多能性前駆細胞株を、さらに、条件的不死化させる、請求項11〜16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 単離した非卵形ヒト肝臓多能性前駆細胞株を、さらに、培養培地中のグルコースをガラクトースと置き換えることにより代謝的選択にかける、請求項11〜17のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の非卵形ヒト肝臓多能性前駆細胞株を、成熟肝細胞マーカーチトクロームP450を発現でき、尿素を合成できる成熟肝臓細胞に分化させる方法であって、該細胞株を、肝細胞成長因子(HGF)および繊維芽細胞成長因子4(FGF-4)を補充した血清含有培養培地で培養することを含む、方法。
- 上記血清含有培養培地が、10% FCSまたはHS、HGFおよびFGF-4を補充したMEM−EBMである、請求項19記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の非卵形ヒト肝臓多能性前駆細胞株を、インスリン産生細胞に分化させる方法であって、該細胞株を、少なくとも2g/lグルコースの存在下、血清含有培養培地で培養することを含む、方法。
- 上記血清含有培養培地が、さらに、ニコチンアミドを含む、請求項21記載の方法。
- 上記血清含有培養培地が、2% FCSまたはHS、4.5 g/lグルコースおよび10 mM ニコチンアミドを補充したDMEMである、請求項21または22記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の非卵形ヒト肝臓多能性前駆細胞株を、骨形成原細胞に分化させる方法であって、該細胞株を、無機リン酸と共にアスコルビン酸−2−リン酸およびデキサメタゾンを補充した血清含有培養培地で培養することを含む、方法。
- 血清含有培養培地が、10% FCS、10% HS、1 nMデキサメタゾンおよび0.5 μMアスコルビン酸−2−リン酸を補充したαMEMである、請求項24記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の非卵形ヒト肝臓多能性前駆細胞株を、内皮細胞に分化させる方法であって、該細胞株を、血管内皮成長因子(VEGF)を補充した内皮細胞基底培地(endothelial cell basal medium)で培養することを含む、方法。
- 内皮細胞基底培地が、10 ng/ml VEGFを補充したEBM−2である、請求項26記載の方法。
- 該非卵形ヒト肝臓多能性前駆細胞株がバイオリアクターで培養される、請求項19〜27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 骨形成分化活性を有する医薬を製造するための、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の非卵形ヒト肝臓多能性前駆細胞株の使用。
- 肝細胞損傷再生活性を有する医薬を製造するための、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の非卵形ヒト肝臓多能性前駆細胞株の使用。
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