JP2008539053A - 廃棄物安定化の方法およびそれから得られた製品 - Google Patents
廃棄物安定化の方法およびそれから得られた製品 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008539053A JP2008539053A JP2007507283A JP2007507283A JP2008539053A JP 2008539053 A JP2008539053 A JP 2008539053A JP 2007507283 A JP2007507283 A JP 2007507283A JP 2007507283 A JP2007507283 A JP 2007507283A JP 2008539053 A JP2008539053 A JP 2008539053A
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- Prior art keywords
- mixture
- waste
- molecular sieve
- clay
- phosphate
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 110
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 55
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
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- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
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- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 claims description 13
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;1,3,5,2,4,6$l^{2}-trioxadisilaluminane 2,4-dioxide;dihydroxide;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2].O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1.O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1 UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JYIBXUUINYLWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;calcium;potassium;silicon;sodium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Na].[Al].[Si].[K].[Ca] JYIBXUUINYLWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 57
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
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- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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Abstract
Description
重金属を含む廃棄物をモレキュラーシーブ(但し、炭素ベースモレキュラーシーブを除く)、および粘土と混合するステップと;
混合物をガラス化するステップと;
を含む重金属安定化の方法に関する。
重金属を含む廃棄物をモレキュラーシーブ(但し、炭素ベースモレキュラーシーブは除く)と混合することによって、予備安定化混合物1を調製するステップと;
予備安定化混合物1を粘土と混合して、予備安定化混合物2を形成するステップと;
得られた混合物をガラス化するステップと;
を含む。
重金属を含む廃棄物をモレキュラーシーブと混合するステップと;
予備安定化混合物1を形成するために、アルカリベースおよび/またはホスフェートベース化合物を添加するステップと;
予備安定化混合物2を形成するために、予備安定化混合物1を粘土と混合するステップと;
熟成させるために予備安定化混合物2を放置するステップと;
を含んでもよい。
A:室温から450〜550℃までの加熱;
B:450〜550℃の一定温度;
C:Bから750〜900℃までの加熱;
D:750〜900℃の一定温度;
E:Dから900〜1300℃までの加熱;
F:Eからの一定温度;および
G:冷却。
重金属を含む廃棄物を、(但し、炭素ベースモレキュラーシーブは除く)モレキュラーシーブ、および粘土と混合するステップと;
混合物をガラス化するステップと;
を含む重金属安定化の方法を提供する。
重金属を含む廃棄物をモレキュラーシーブ(炭素ベースモレキュラーシーブを除く)と混合することによって、予備安定化混合物1を調製するステップと;
予備安定化混合物2を形成するために、予備安定化混合物1を粘土と混合するステップと;
得られた混合物をガラス化するステップと;
を含む方法を提供する。
重金属を含む廃棄物をモレキュラーシーブと混合するステップと;
アルカリベースおよび/またはホスフェートベース化合物を添加して、予備安定化混合物1を得るステップと;
粘土を添加して、予備安定化混合物2を得るステップと;
予備安定化混合物2を熟成させるために放置し、予備安定化混合物3を得るステップと;
を含み得る。
予備安定化段階1
産業廃棄物、モレキュラーシーブおよび任意の化学添加物(Na2SiO3および/またはNa3PO4、Al(OH)3(水酸化アルミニウム)および/またはAl2O3)は、種々の容量の独立したサイロに好都合に貯蔵できる(図1)。化学添加物は、アルカリベース化合物、ホスフェートベース化合物および/またはアルミナベース化合物であり得る。特にアルカリベースおよび/またはホスフェートベース化合物はNa2SiO3および/またはNa3PO4であり得る。アルミナベース化合物はAl(OH)3および/またはAl2O3であり得る。
高カルシウム含有率の産業廃棄物と遭遇したときに、リン酸(H3PO4)を添加して遊離カルシウムと反応させて、代わりの経路としてアパタイトを形成することができる。
粘土も、カオリナイトおよびモンモリロナイトの存在のために、重金属イオンをその鉱物構造内に吸着する。次に、適切な粘土または各種の粘土の混合物、例えば海底粘土または地上粘土の混合物を予備安定化段階1混合物中に各種の割合で添加して、予備安定化段階2混合物と呼ぶ新しい混合物を得るために、均一に混合する(図2)。予備安定化段階2混合物は、混合物の毒性に応じて10%〜90%の粘土を含む。特に予備安定化段階2混合物は、30%〜80%の粘土を含む。
次に予備安定化段階2混合物を、予備安定化段階3混合物を形成する目的で、化学反応の発生、ならびに金属イオンおよび金属化合物のゼオライトの孔構造および粘土鉱物の層状構造への移動に十分な時間を与えるために、15分〜48時間の適切な時間に渡って放置して熟成する。特に時間は、30分〜48時間である。
予備安定化段階3混合物を、粘土加工機械につながる主ホッパーに導入する。さらなる粘土、例えば海底粘土をこの段階でホッパーに添加できる。
A:室温から450〜550℃までの加熱(特に500℃);
B:450〜550℃の一定温度(特に500℃);
C:Bから750〜900℃までの加熱(特に850℃);
D:750〜900℃の一定温度(特に850℃);
E:Dから900〜1300℃までの加熱(特に1050℃);
F:Eからの一定温度(特に1050℃);および
G:冷却。
A:室温、すなわち30℃から550℃までの加熱。時間変化:5℃/分
B:550℃にて2時間の一定温度。
C:550℃から900℃までの加熱。時間変化:5℃/分
D:900℃にて2時間の一定温度。
E:900℃から1050℃までの加熱。時間変化:5℃/分
F:1050℃にて6時間の一定温度。
G:自然冷却。
列2は、産業廃棄物中に存在する主な重金属を示す。
列3は、該技術によって処理された後の、主な金属の浸出結果を示す。
列4は、未処理産業廃棄物中の主な金属の浸出結果を示す。
列5、6、7は、重金属の許容される基準を示す。
A:室温、すなわち30℃から550℃までの加熱。時間変化:5℃/分
B:550℃にて2時間の一定温度。
C:550℃から800℃までの加熱。時間変化:5℃/分
D:800℃にて1時間の一定温度。
E:800℃から1050℃までの加熱。時間変化:5℃/分
F:1050℃にて6時間の一定温度。
G:自然冷却。
A:室温、すなわち30℃から500℃までの加熱。時間変化:5℃/分
B:500℃にて3時間の一定温度。
C:500℃から900℃までの加熱。時間変化:5℃/分
D:900℃にて2時間の一定温度。
E:900℃から1050℃までの加熱。時間変化:5℃/分
F:1050℃にて8時間の一定温度。
G:自然冷却。
Claims (55)
- 重金属安定化の方法であって、
重金属を含む廃棄物を、炭素ベースモレキュラーシーブを除くモレキュラーシーブおよび粘土と混合するステップと;
混合物をガラス化するステップと;
を含む方法。 - 重金属を含む廃棄物を、前記モレキュラーシーブと混合することによって予備安定化混合物1を調製するステップと;
予備安定化混合物2を形成するために、前記予備安定化混合物1を粘土と混合するステップと;
得られた混合物をガラス化するステップと;
を含む請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記予備安定化混合物1がスラリーベース混合物である請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記ガラス化の前に前記混合物を熟成するステップをさらに含む請求項1〜3に記載の方法。
- 前記混合物のpHを8.0〜12.0に調整するステップをさらに含む請求項1〜4に記載の方法。
- 前記混合物のpHが9.5に調整される請求項5に記載の方法。
- アルカリベースおよび/またはホスフェートベース化合物を前記混合物に添加することによってpHが調整される請求項5または6に記載の方法。
- 前記重金属を沈殿させるステップを含む請求項1〜7に記載の方法。
- 前記重金属が金属カチオン、化合物および/または錯体の形態である請求項8に記載の方法。
- アルカリベースおよび/またはホスフェートベース化合物を前記混合物に添加することによって前記重金属を沈殿させる請求項8または9に記載の方法。
- アルカリベースおよび/またはホスフェートベース化合物を前記混合物に添加するステップをさらに含む請求項1〜10に記載の方法。
- 少なくともアルミナベース化合物を前記混合物に添加するステップをさらに含む請求項1〜11に記載の方法。
- 少なくともアルミナベース化合物を前記混合物に、アルカリベースおよび/またはホスフェートベース化合物の添加と同時に、添加の前または後に添加するステップをさらに含む請求項1〜12に記載の方法。
- アルミナベース化合物源が水および/または廃水処理工場からの汚泥である請求項12〜13に記載の方法。
- 前記アルミナベース化合物が水酸化アルミニウム(Al(OH)3)および/または酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)である請求項12〜14に記載の方法。
- 前記Al2O3がアルミナおよび/またはガンマアルミナの準安定相である請求項15に記載の方法。
- ホスフェートベース化合物を添加するステップを含み、該ステップにおいて前記ホスフェートベース化合物が廃棄物および/または粘土中のカルシウムと反応してアパタイトを生成し、前記重金属が前記アパタイト中に包含される請求項1〜16に記載の方法。
- 前記廃棄物が重金属を含む危険および/または産業廃棄物である請求項1〜17に記載の方法。
- 前記重金属を含む危険および/または産業廃棄物が、吸収プロセスからの使用済み炭素、残油クラッキングプロセスからの使用済み炭素、石油化学精製からの使用済み粘土、石油/石油化学精製からの使用済み触媒、石油および/または石油化学精製からの使用済み廃棄物および/または汚泥、ヒ素を含有する半導体プロセスからの余剰汚泥、焼却炉ボトムアッシュおよび/またはフライアッシュ、船舶サンドブラストからの使用済み銅スラグおよび汚泥、電子産業からの製材および/またはエッチング廃棄物、金属精製からのスラグ、塗料産業からのTiO2廃棄物、重金属汚染粘土、重金属を含有する廃棄物からなる群より選択される請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記残油クラッキングプロセスからの使用済み炭素がPOX炭素である請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記石油化学精製からの使用済み触媒が水素化処理触媒、水素クラッキングおよび/またはFCC触媒である請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記アルカリベース化合物の前記ホスフェートベース化合物に対する比が体積で50:50から100:0である請求項7〜21に記載の方法。
- 前記モレキュラーシーブの廃棄物に対する比が乾燥重量で1:2000から7:3である請求項1〜22に記載の方法。
- 前記モレキュラーシーブが天然および/または合成モレキュラーシーブである請求項1〜23に記載の方法。
- 前記モレキュラーシーブが少なくともSiおよび/またはAlを含む請求項1〜24に記載の方法。
- 前記モレキュラーシーブのSiおよび/またはAlがB、Ca、Zn、Ga、Ge、Ti、V、FeまたはPによって置換される請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記モレキュラーシーブがB、Ca、Zn、Ga、Ge、Ti、V、Fe、P、SiまたはAlの少なくとも1つを含む請求項1〜24に記載の方法。
- 前記モレキュラーシーブが錯体の形態である請求項1〜27に記載の方法。
- 前記モレキュラーシーブの錯体が、結晶性アルミノホスフェート組成物、SAPO;金属スルフィドモレキュラーシーブ;金属亜鉛ホスフェート組成物;金属置換アルミノホスフェート、MeAPO(MeAPOは、[MeO2]、[AlO2]および[PO2]を含む四面体ミクロ多孔性構造であり、Meは金属である)からなる群より選択される請求項28に記載の方法。
- 前記MeがZn、Mn、Fe、Mg、Coおよび/またはFeからなる請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記モレキュラーシーブが少なくともミクロ多孔性金属ポルフィリン固体である請求項1〜30に記載の方法。
- 前記モレキュラーシーブがPIZA−1および/またはSAPOである請求項1〜31に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1種類のモレキュラーシーブを含む組成物の形態のモレキュラーシーブを添加するステップを含む請求項1〜32に記載の方法。
- 前記モレキュラーシーブが異なる孔径である請求項1〜33に記載の方法。
- 前記モレキュラーシーブがゼオライトである請求項1〜34に記載の方法。
- 前記ゼオライトが天然または合成ゼオライトである請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記ゼオライトが石油/石油化学精製プロセスからの使用済み合成ゼオライトである請求項35〜36に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つのゼオライトが、合成Y型ゼオライト、超安定Y型ゼオライト、ZMS−5およびβ−モルデナイト、X型ゼオライト、A型ゼオライト、ZK−5、ZK−4、FCC/RCCゼオライト、フォージャサイト、クリノプチロライト、菱沸石およびエリオナイトからなる群より選択される請求項35〜37に記載の方法。
- 前記ガラス化ステップを実施する前に、さらに粘土を最終混合物に添加するステップを含む請求項1〜38に記載の方法。
- ガラス化の製品が、レンガ、軽量コンクリートブロック、コンクリート骨材、コンクリートまたは埋立て材料用の砂様原材料、あるいはコンクリートまたは道路建設用の砂利様骨材、道路柵、砂防ブロック、建設ブロック、擁壁ブロック、鉄道用枕木、玉石歩道または街路用のレンガまたはブロック、パティオまたは歩道用の石またはタイル、下水または排水パイプ、ガラス繊維絶縁体、天井タイル、壁板、屋根瓦、および床用タイルの形態である請求項1〜39に記載の方法。
- 前記廃棄物が重金属を含有する非危険廃棄物である場合、前記モレキュラーシーブの廃棄物に対する比が0である請求項1〜40に記載の方法。
- 関与する混合ステップを任意の特定の順序で実施する必要がない請求項1〜41に記載の方法。
- 前記アルカリベース化合物がNa2SiO3であり、前記ホスフェートベース化合物がNa3PO4である請求項7〜42に記載の方法。
- 前記Na2SiO3のNa3PO4に対する比が体積で50:50から100:0である請求項43に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つの融剤の前記混合物への添加をさらに含む請求項1〜44に記載の方法。
- 前記融剤がホウ酸塩である請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記ガラス化が1400℃までの温度処理を使用することによって達成される請求項1〜46に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜47に記載の方法によって得られたまたは得ることができるガラス化製品。
- 安定化重金属を含む製品であって、少なくとも、重金属を含む廃棄物、炭素ベースモレキュラーシーブを除くモレキュラーシーブ、および粘土の混合物のガラス化製品である製品。
- 前記廃棄物が重金属を含む産業廃棄物である請求項49に記載の製品。
- 前記廃棄物が重金属を含む危険廃棄物である請求項49〜50に記載の製品。
- ガラス化された混合物が、アルカリベース、ホスフェートベースまたはアルミナベース化合物の少なくとも1つをさらに含む請求項49〜51に記載の製品。
- ガラス化された混合物が、廃棄物およびモレキュラーシーブを含む予備安定化混合物1を調製するステップと、予備安定化混合物2を形成するために予備安定化混合物1を粘土と混合するステップとによって得られる請求項49〜52に記載の製品。
- 前記混合物が熟成される請求項49〜53に記載の製品。
- 前記アルカリベース化合物がNa2SiO3であり、前記ホスフェートベース化合物がNa3PO4であり、そしてアルミナベース化合物が水酸化アルミニウム(Al(OH)3)および/または酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)である請求項52〜54に記載の製品。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ZA200609146B (en) | 2008-10-29 |
WO2005097368A1 (en) | 2005-10-20 |
CN1956803A (zh) | 2007-05-02 |
US20100075826A1 (en) | 2010-03-25 |
EP1740325A1 (en) | 2007-01-10 |
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