JP2008532321A - 三次元多接合光起電力装置 - Google Patents
三次元多接合光起電力装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
光起電力太陽電池は、太陽の無限のエネルギを利用する。このような無限のエネルギ源を利用すれば、世界におけるエネルギに関する数多くのジレンマを解消できるであろう。たとえば、光起電力セルは、光からエネルギを吸収し、吸収したエネルギを電流に変換する。図1に示されるように、従来の(たとえば平坦な)単接合太陽電池100では、太陽110からの光子105がp/n−接合部115に一度衝突する。この衝突によって、電子と正孔の1つの対がp/n−接合部115に生じる。しかしながら、図1に示されるように、吸収されなかった光子120は、大気または空間内に反射する。
三次元多接合光起電力装置が提供される。この概要は、以下の詳細な説明でさらに説明される概念をまとめたものを簡単な形で紹介するために設けられる。この概要は、請求項に記載の主題の重要な特徴または本質的な特徴を特定することを意図していない。この概要は、請求項に記載の主題の範囲を限定することを意図しているのでもない。
1のエネルギ吸収面および第2のエネルギ吸収面に対して実質的に垂直である第3のエネルギ吸収面を含む。第1のエネルギ吸収面、第2のエネルギ吸収面および第3のエネルギ吸収面は各々、光子からのエネルギを電気エネルギに変換するように構成される。光子は、第1のエネルギ吸収面、第2のエネルギ吸収面および第3のエネルギ吸収面のうち1つ以上に衝突する。第1のエネルギ吸収面、第2のエネルギ吸収面および第3のエネルギ吸収面は、光子が、第1のエネルギ吸収面、第2のエネルギ吸収面および第3のエネルギ吸収面のうち2つ以上の間で跳ね返るように配向される。
以下の詳細な説明では添付の図面を参照する。可能な限り、図面および以下の説明では同一のまたは同様の要素には同一の参照番号を用いる。本発明の実施例について説明しているが、変形、適合化および他の実現化が可能である。たとえば、図面に示された要素に対し、置換、追加または変形を行なってもよく、本明細書で説明されている方法を、開示された方法の段階の置換、並べ替えまたは追加によって変形してもよい。したがって、以下の詳細な説明は本発明を限定しない。そうではなく、本発明の適切な範囲は特許請求の範囲によって明確に示される。
子からのエネルギを第1の電流に変換するように構成される。さらに、光起電力装置は、第2のエネルギ吸収素子を含み、第2のエネルギ吸収素子は、第1のエネルギ吸収素子に対して非平行に方向付けられる。第2のエネルギ吸収素子は、第2のエネルギ吸収素子に衝突する光子からのエネルギを第2の電流に変換するように構成される。第2のエネルギ吸収素子に衝突する光子は、第1のエネルギ吸収素子に衝突した後、第2のエネルギ吸収素子に衝突する。
置は、従来の太陽電池と比較した場合、同等の設置面積に対し、何桁も大きな表面積を含む。たとえば、図3の基板支持アレイ300の1平方センチメートル当たり、40,000の正方形のCNTタワーがある。CNTタワーを基板上におよそ300□mの高さになるように成長させた場合(たとえばCNT成長時間およそ15分)、p/n−接合部の表面積はたとえばおよそ20cm2となる。言い換えれば、本発明の実施例に従うと、「設置面積」の正味の増大なしで、電子−正孔対発生表面積を2000%(1m2=10,000cm2)増大させることができる。入射する1つの光子について利用できるのは表面積の一部だけであるが、一度反射が起こると、たとえばタワーの「背面」p/n−接合部を利用して上記のように光子を複数回衝突させることができる(すなわち「光トラップ」)。
。エネルギが2.4eVより大きな光子は、CdTeエネルギ吸収面における電子を励起させ、励起した電子を導電させる。一方、シリコンのバンドギャップはそれよりも低く約1.5eVである。
射および光トラップに、正方形構造は理想的でない。多面CNTタワー(すなわち星型)の表面積はより大きく光トラップ機能が高まる。さらに、CNT円筒タワーは均一性をもたらすとともにp/n−型材料内の内部応力を減じる。こうした応力は、電子−正孔対の再結合の中心となる転位を引起こし、光起電力装置の効率を低下させる可能性がある。
Claims (20)
- 光起電力装置であって、
第1のエネルギ吸収素子を含み、前記第1のエネルギ吸収素子は、第1のエネルギ吸収素子に衝突する光子からのエネルギを第1の電流に変換するように構成され、
第1のエネルギ吸収素子に対して非平行に方向付けられた第2のエネルギ吸収素子を含み、前記第2のエネルギ吸収素子は、第2のエネルギ吸収素子に衝突する光子からのエネルギを第2の電流に変換するように構成され、光子は、第1のエネルギ吸収素子に衝突した後に第2のエネルギ吸収素子に衝突する、光起電力装置。 - 前記第1のエネルギ吸収素子および前記第2のエネルギ吸収素子は、異なるバンドギャップ値を有する、請求項1に記載の光起電力装置。
- 前記第1のエネルギ吸収素子はテルル化カドミウム(CdTe)を含む、請求項1に記載の光起電力装置。
- 前記第2のエネルギ吸収素子はシリコン(Si)を含む、請求項1に記載の光起電力装置。
- 前記第1のエネルギ吸収素子は、第1のエネルギ吸収素子に構造を与えるように構成されたカーボンナノチューブを含む、請求項1に記載の光起電力装置。
- 前記第1のエネルギ吸収素子は、第1の電流のための導体を与えるように構成されたカーボンナノチューブを含む、請求項1に記載の光起電力装置。
- 前記第1のエネルギ吸収素子および前記第2のエネルギ吸収素子は実質的に垂直をなす、請求項1に記載の光起電力装置。
- 前記第1のエネルギ吸収素子が実質的に平坦な第1の面を含むことと、前記第2のエネルギ吸収素子が実質的に平坦な第2の面を含むこととのうち少なくとも一方である、請求項1に記載の光起電力装置。
- 第3のエネルギ吸収素子をさらに含み、前記第3のエネルギ吸収素子は、第3のエネルギ吸収素子に衝突する光子からのエネルギを第3の電流に変換するように構成され、前記第3のエネルギ吸収素子は、前記第1のエネルギ吸収素子に対して実質的に平行であるとともに前記第2のエネルギ吸収素子に対して実質的に垂直であり、前記第1のエネルギ吸収素子、前記第2のエネルギ吸収素子および前記第3のエネルギ吸収素子は、光子が、前記第1のエネルギ吸収素子、前記第2のエネルギ吸収素子および前記第3のエネルギ吸収素子の間で跳ね返るように配向される、請求項1に記載の光起電力装置。
- 光起電力装置であって、
第1のエネルギ吸収面と、
前記第1のエネルギ吸収面に対して実質的に平行な第2のエネルギ吸収面と、
前記第1のエネルギ吸収面および前記第2のエネルギ吸収面に対して実質的に垂直な第3のエネルギ吸収面とを含み、前記第1のエネルギ吸収面、前記第2のエネルギ吸収面および前記第3のエネルギ吸収面は各々、光子からのエネルギを電気エネルギに変換するように構成され、光子は、前記第1のエネルギ吸収面、前記第2のエネルギ吸収面および前記第3のエネルギ吸収面のうち1つ以上に衝突し、前記第1のエネルギ吸収面、前記第2のエネルギ吸収面および前記第3のエネルギ吸収面は、光子が、前記第1のエネルギ吸収面、前記第2のエネルギ吸収面および前記第3のエネルギ吸収面のうち2つ以上の間で跳
ね返るように配向される、光起電力装置。 - 前記第1のエネルギ吸収面および前記第2のエネルギ吸収面は、前記第3のエネルギ吸収面と異なるバンドギャップ値を有する、請求項10に記載の光起電力装置。
- 前記第1のエネルギ吸収面および前記第2のエネルギ吸収面はテルル化カドミウム(CdTe)を含む、請求項10に記載の光起電力装置。
- 前記第3のエネルギ吸収面はシリコン(Si)を含む、請求項10に記載の光起電力装置。
- 前記第1のエネルギ吸収面は、電気エネルギのための導体を与えるように構成されたカーボンナノチューブを含む、請求項10に記載の光起電力装置。
- 光起電力装置を与える方法であって、この方法は、
第3のエネルギ吸収面を含む基板を与えるステップと、
前記基板上に第1のカーボンナノチューブを与えるステップと、
前記基板上に第2のカーボンナノチューブを与えるステップと、
前記第1のカーボンナノチューブを第1のエネルギ吸収面で被覆するステップと、
前記第2のカーボンナノチューブを第2のエネルギ吸収面で被覆するステップとを含み、
前記第1のエネルギ吸収面、前記第2のエネルギ吸収面および前記第3のエネルギ吸収面は各々、光子からのエネルギを電気エネルギに変換するように構成され、光子は、前記第1のエネルギ吸収面、前記第2のエネルギ吸収面および前記第3のエネルギ吸収面のうち1つ以上に衝突し、前記第1のエネルギ吸収面、前記第2のエネルギ吸収面および前記第3のエネルギ吸収面は、光子が、前記第1のエネルギ吸収面、前記第2のエネルギ吸収面および前記第3のエネルギ吸収面のうち2つ以上の間で跳ね返るように配向される、光起電力装置を与える方法。 - 前記第1のエネルギ吸収面および前記第2のエネルギ吸収面は、前記第3のエネルギ吸収面と異なるバンドギャップ値を有する、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のエネルギ吸収面および前記第2のエネルギ吸収面はテルル化カドミウム(CdTe)を含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記第3のエネルギ吸収面はシリコン(Si)を含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のカーボンナノチューブは電気エネルギのための導体を与えるように構成される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のカーボンナノチューブおよび前記第2のカーボンナノチューブは実質的に垂直をなす、請求項15に記載の方法。
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KR100983232B1 (ko) | 2010-09-20 |
KR20070119656A (ko) | 2007-12-20 |
CA2598490A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
CN100578817C (zh) | 2010-01-06 |
US8350146B2 (en) | 2013-01-08 |
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CN101151736A (zh) | 2008-03-26 |
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CA2598490C (en) | 2013-08-27 |
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