JP2008528626A - ヒドロキシル化されたネビボロールを含む薬学的組成物 - Google Patents
ヒドロキシル化されたネビボロールを含む薬学的組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008528626A JP2008528626A JP2007553331A JP2007553331A JP2008528626A JP 2008528626 A JP2008528626 A JP 2008528626A JP 2007553331 A JP2007553331 A JP 2007553331A JP 2007553331 A JP2007553331 A JP 2007553331A JP 2008528626 A JP2008528626 A JP 2008528626A
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Abstract
【選択図】なし
Description
ネビボロールの代謝産物は、高血圧、アテローム性動脈硬化症及びうっ血性心不全を包含し得る心血管疾患のような様々な疾患を治療するのに有益であり得る薬理学的特性を保有する。特に、ネビボロール及びその重要な代謝産物は、β1選択的相互作用とは無関係にNO代謝に対して影響し、内皮NO放出に対するネビボロール代謝産物の好適な影響は、心血管障害の治療におけるその使用について影響を及ぼす。本発明は、ヒドロキシル化されたネビボロール代謝産物、少なくとも1つのヒドロキシルネビボロール代謝産物を含む組成物、並びに心血管疾患若しくは障害を少なくとも治療または防止するためのこのような組成物の使用方法について記載する。
内皮酸化窒素の正常な生産は、血管機能の維持にとって重要である。内皮NO放出の増加は、平滑筋細胞の収縮性の低減及び減少された血管抵抗をもたらす。しかしながら、高血圧及び高脂血症の条件下では、内皮機能不全は、NO放出の顕著な減少をもたらし、1)血管収縮及び血管痙攣の増加、2)より大きな単球及びLDL浸潤、3)血管平滑細胞の増殖、4)酸化的ストレスの増加、並びに5)血小板凝集の増加をもたらす。内皮機能及びNO代謝を回復させる物質は、冠動脈疾患及び心不全を含む様々な心血管障害の治療において利点を有することが示唆されている。
便宜上、本発明のさらなる説明の前に、明細書、実施例及び添付の特許請求の範囲で用いるいくつかの用語をここでまとめる。これらの定義は、開示の残部を踏まえて解釈されるべきであり、また当業者に理解されるべきである。別途定義しない限り、本明細書中で使用する技術用語及び科学用語は全て、当業者により一般的に理解されるものと同義を有する。
ACE阻害剤は、アンギオテンシン変換酵素を競合的に阻害し、且つアンギオテンシンIのアンギオテンシンIIへの変換を防止する有効な抗高血圧薬である。ACE阻害剤の非限定的な例としては、アラセプリル、ベナゼプリル、カプトプリル、セロナプリル、シラザプリル、デラプリル、エナラプリル、エナラプリラート、ホシノプリル、イミダプリル、リシノプリル、ペリンドプリル、キナプリル、ラミプリラート、ラミプリル、スピラプリル、テモカプリル及びトランドラプリルが挙げられる。他のACE阻害剤は、当業者に既知の標準的なアッセイ技法を使用して特定され得る。
ARBは、非常に好適な副作用プロフィールを有する有効な抗高血圧剤である。それらの作用機序は、血管収縮剤の選択的な遮断及びアンギオテンシンのアルドステロン分泌効果に関連する。ARBの非限定的な例としては、カンデサルタン、エプロサルタン、イルベサルタン、ロサルタン及びバルサルタンが挙げられる。他のARBは、当業者に既知の標準的なアッセイ技法を使用して同定され得る。
ネビボロールのヒドロキシル化された代謝産物は、(慢性)投与後にヒト内皮細胞におけるNO放出に関する容量を増大させる能力を有する。理論により拘束されないが、ネビボロールのヒドロキシル化された代謝産物は、L−アルギニン/酸化窒素経路の活性化により機能すると考えられる。ネビボロールのヒドロキシル化された代謝産物は、さらなる心臓選択的(即ち、ベータ選択的)遮断能力を有する内皮依存的血管拡張剤であり、内皮機能を維持するか、又は内皮機能不全を改善し、且つ心血管疾患(例えば、アテローム性動脈硬化症、高血圧、冠動脈疾患及びうっ血性心不全)の治療用の有効な薬剤である能力を有する。ヒドロキシル化されたネビボロール代謝産物は、上述の疾患を治療又は防止するための単独療法として、或いは上述の障害を適切に治療/防止するように同じ投薬形態/製品で又は別個の投薬形態/製品として付随して投与されて他の適切な薬学的作用物質と組み合わせて使用することができる。これらの化合物は、内皮酸化窒素濃度を増大させる能力を有するため、これらの化合物は、糖尿病、喫煙常習者、アフリカ系アメリカ人、急性冠症候群(ACS)、冠状動脈性心臓病(CHD)、代謝症候群及び肥満を患う人々のような特殊集団において付加有益性を有し得る。
一部分において、本発明は、ネビボロール代謝産物及び少なくとも1つの他の心血管剤を含む組成物を特徴とする。さらに、本発明は、ネビボロール代謝産物及び少なくとも1つの他の活性剤を含む組成物を特徴とする。組成物中に存在する各心血管剤及び/又は他の活性剤の量は、年齢、体重、性別及び健康関連問題のような多数の可変要素に応じて様々であり得る。概して、心血管剤の投与量は、一般的に体重1kg当たり約0.01ng〜約10gの範囲、具体的には1kg当たり約1ng〜約0.1gの範囲、より具体的には1kg当たり約100ng〜約10mgの範囲である。別の実施形態では、本発明の組成物中のネビボロールの量は、約0.125mg〜約40mgの間のどこかであり得る。他の心血管剤がACE阻害剤である場合、ACE阻害剤の量は、0.5mg〜約80mgの間のどこかであり得る。他の心血管剤がARBである場合、ARBの量は、約1mg〜約1200mgの間のどこかであり得る。他の心血管剤の量は、使用される特定の心血管剤に幾分依存する。
アドレナリン遮断薬
ベータアドレナリン受容体遮断薬を含む、本発明の組成物において使用され得るアドレナリン遮断薬(α−アドレナリン遮断薬及びβ−アドレナリン遮断薬の両方)の非限定的な例としては、アテノロール、アセブトロール、アルプレノロール、ベフノロール、ベタキソロール、ブニトロロール、カルテオロール、セリプロロール、ヘドロキサロール(hedroxalol)、インデノロール、ラベタロール、レボブノロール、メピンドロール、メチプラノロール、メチンドール、メトプロロール、メトリゾラノロール(metrizoranolol)、オクスプレノロール、ピンドロール、プロプラノロール、プラクトロール、ソタロルナドロール(sotalolnadolol)、チプレノロール、トラモロール、チモロール、ブプラノロール、ペンブトロール、トリメプラノール、ヨヒンビン、2−(3−(1,1−ジメチルエチル)−アミノ−2−ヒドロキシプロポキシ)−3−ピリデンカルボニトリルHCl(pyridenecarbonitrilHCl)、1−ブチルアミノ−3−(2,5−ジクロロフェノキシ)−2−プロパノール、1−イソプロピルアミノ−3−(4−(2−シクロプロピルメトキシエチル)フェノキシ)−2−プロパノール、3−イソプロピルアミノ−1−(7−メチルインダン−4−イルオキシ)−2−ブタノール、2−(3−t−ブチルアミノ−2−ヒドロキシ−プロピルチオ)−4−(5−カルバモイル−2−チエニル)チアゾール、7−(2−ヒドロキシ−3−t−ブチルアミノプロポキシ)フタリドが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。上記で特定される化合物は、異性体混合物として使用してもよいし、それぞれの左旋性形態又は右旋性形態で使用してもよい。
本発明の組成物において使用され得るアドレナリン作動薬(α−アドレナリン作動薬及びβ−アドレナリン作動薬の両方)の非限定的な例としては、アドラフィニル、アドレナロン、アルブテロール、アミデフリン、アプラクロニジン、ビトルテロール、ブドララジン、カルブテロール、クレンブテロール、クロニジン、クロルプレナリン、クロニジン、シクロペンタミン、デノパミン、デトミジン、ジメトフリン、ジオキセテドリン(dioxethedrine)、ジピベフリン、ドペキサミン、エフェドリン、エピネフリン、エタフェドリン、エチルノルエピネフリン、フェノテロール、フェノキサゾリン、フォルモテロール、グアナベンズ、グアンファシン、ヘキソプレナリン、ヒドロキシアンフェタミン、イボパミン、インダナゾリン、イソエタリン、イソメテプテン、イソプロテレノール、マブテロール、メフェンテルミン、メタプロテレノール、メタラミノール、メチゾリン、メトキサミン、メチルヘキサンアミン、メトキシフェナミン、ミドドリン、モダフィニル、モクソニジン、ナファゾリン、ノルエピネフリン、ノルフェネフリン、オクトドリン、オクトパミン、オキシフェドリン、オキシメタゾリン、塩酸フェニレフリン、塩酸フェニルプロパノールアミン、フェニルプロピルメチルアミン、フォレドリン、ピルブテロール、プレナルテロール、プロカテロール、プロピルヘキセドリン、プロトキロール、プソイドエフェドリン、レプロテロール、リルメニジン、リミテロール、リトドリン、サルメテロール、ソルテレノール、シネフリン、タリペキソール、テルブタリン、テトラヒドロゾリン、チアメニジン、トラマゾリン、トレトキノール、ツアミノヘプタン、ツロブテロール、チマゾリン、チラミン、キサモテロール、キシロメタゾリン、及びそれらの混合物が挙げられる。
褐色細胞腫用の作用物質としては、化学療法薬が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
抗狭心症薬としては、べジル酸アムロジピン、マレイン酸アムロジピン、塩酸ベタキソロール、塩酸ベバントロール、塩酸ブトプロジン、カルベジロール、マレイン酸シネパゼド、コハク酸メトプロロール、モルシドミン、マレイン酸モナテピル、硝塩酸(三硝酸グリセリン(GTN、ニトログリセリン、Nitro−Bid)、イソソルビド−5−モノニトレート(5−ISMN、Ismo)、硝酸アミル及びニコランジル(Icorel)を含むが、これらに限定されない)、プリミドロール、塩酸ラノラジン、トシフェン、塩酸ベラパミル)が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
本発明の組成物において使用され得る不整脈治療剤の非限定的な例としては、アセブトロール、アセカイニド、アデノシン、アジマリン、アルプレノロール、アミオダロン、アモプロキサン、アプリンジン、アプロチノロール、アテノロール、アジミリド、ベバントロール、ビジソミド、トシル酸ブレチリウム、ブクモロール、ブテトロール、ブナフチン、ブニトロロール、ブプラノロール、塩酸ブチドリン、ブトベンジン、カポベン酸、カラゾロール、カルテオロール、シフェンリン(cifenline)、クロラノロール、ジソピラミド、ドフェチリド、エンカイニド、エスモロール、フレカイニド、ヒドロキニジン、イブチリド、インデカイニド、インデノロール、臭化イプラトロピウム、リドカイン、ロラジミン(lorajmine)、ロルカイニド、メオベンチン、メキシレチン、モリシジン、ナドキソロール、ニフェナオロール(nifenaolol)、オクスプレノロール、ペンブトロール、ペンチソミド、ピルジカイニド、ピンドロール、ピルメノール、プラクトロール、プラジマリン、塩酸プロカインアミド、プロネタロール、プロパフェノン、プロプラノロール、ピリノリン、キニジン、セマチリド、ソタロール、タリノロール、チリソロール、チモロール、トカイニド、ベラパミル、ビキジル、キシベノロール、及びそれらの混合物が挙げられる。
本発明の組成物において使用され得る抗血小板薬の非限定的な例としては、クロピドグレル、ジピリダモール、アブシキマブ、及びチクロピジンが挙げられる。
抗凝血剤は、血栓の形成に不可欠な因子の生成、堆積、切断及び/又は活性化に対してマイナスの影響を与えることによって凝固経路を阻害する薬剤である。本発明の組成物において使用され得る抗凝血剤(すなわち、凝固に関する治療)の非限定的な例としては、アグレノックス、アグリリン、アミカル(Amicar)、アンツラン(Anturane)、アリクストラ、クマディン、フラグミン、ヘパリンナトリウム、ロベノックス、メフィトン(Mephyton)、ミラドン(Miradon)、ペルサンティン(Persantine)、プラビックス、プレータル(Pletal)、チクリド(Ticlid)、トレンタール、ワルファリンが挙げられる。他の「抗凝血」剤及び/又は「線維素溶解」剤の例としては、(プレカリクレイン、キニノゲン、第XII因子、第XIIIa因子、プラスミノーゲンプロアクチベータ、及び組織プラスミノーゲンアクチベータ(TPA)の相互作用を介するプラスミンに対する)プラスミノーゲン、ストレプトキナーゼ、ウロキナーゼ:アニソイル化プラスミノーゲン−ストレプトキナーゼアクチベータ複合体、プロ−ウロキナーゼ(Pro−UK)、rTPA(アルテプラーゼ又はアクティベース。rは組み換え型であることを示す)、rPro−UK、アボキナーゼ、エミナーゼ(Eminase)、塩酸アナグレリドストレプターゼ(Streptase Anagrelide Hydrochloride)、ビバリルジン、ダルテパリンナトリウム、ダナパロイドナトリウム、塩酸ダゾキシベン(Dazoxiben Hydrochloride)、硫酸エフェガトラン(Efegatran Sulfate)、エノキサパリンナトリウム(Enoxaparin Sodium)、イフェトロバン(Efetroban)、イフェトロバンナトリウム(Ifetroban Sodium)、チンザパリンナトリウム(Tinzaparin sodium)、レテプラーゼ、トリフェナグレル(Trifenagrel)、ワルファリン、デキストランが挙げられる。
本発明の組成物において使用され得る高血圧治療薬の非限定的な例としては、アムロジピン、ベニジピン、ベナゼプリル、カンデサルタン、カプトプリル、ダロジピン、ジルチアゼムHCl、ジアゾキシド、ドキサゾシンHCl、エナラプリル、エプロサルタン、メシル酸ロサルタン、フェロジピン、フェノールドパム、フォシノプリル、酢酸グアナベンズ、イルベサルタン、イスラジピン、リシノプリル、メカミラミン、ミノキシジル、ニカルジピンHCl、ニフェジピン、ニモジピン、ニソルジピン、フェノキシベンザミンHCl、プラゾシンHCl、キナプリル、レセルピン、テラゾシンHCl、テルミサルタン、及びバルサルタンが挙げられる。
本発明の組成物において使用され得る抗高脂血剤の非限定的な例としては、アシピモクス;ニコチン酸アルミニウム;アトルバスタチン;コレスチラミン樹脂;コレスチポール;ポリデキシド;ベクロブラート;フルバスタチン;ゲムフィブロジル;ロバスタチン;リソソーム酸リパーゼ;イコフィブラート;ナイアシン;フェノフィブラート、クロフィブレート、ピリフィブラート、シプロフィブラート、ベザフィブラート、クリノフィブラート、ロニフィブラート、セオフィブラート(theofibrate)、クロフィブリン酸、エトフィブラート及びゲムフィブロジルが挙げられるが、これらに限定されないフィブラート等のPPARα作動薬;プラバスタチンナトリウム;シンフィブラート;シンバスタチン;ニセリトロール;ニコクロナート;ニコモール;オキシニアク酸;エチロキサート;チロプロプ酸;チロキシン;アシフラン;アザコステロール;ベンフルオレクス;β−ベンザルブチルアミド;カルニチン;コンドロイチン硫酸クロメストロン;デタクストラン;デクストラン硫酸ナトリウム;5,8,11,14,17−エイコサペンタエン酸;エリタデニン;フラザボール;メグルトール;メリナミド;ミタトリエンジオール(mytatrienediol);オルニチン;γ−オリザノール;パンテチン;四酢酸ペンタエリスリトール;α−フェニルブチルアミド;ピロザジル;プロブコール;β−シトステロール;スルトシル酸(ピペラジン塩);チアデノール;トリパラノール;キセンブシン;及びそれらの混合物が挙げられる。
本発明の組成物において使用され得る抗糖尿病薬の非限定的な例としては、ブホルミン、メトホルミン、及びフェンホルミン等のビグアニド;インスリン等のホルモン;アセトヘキサミド、1−ブチル−3−メタニリル尿素、カルブタミド、クロルプロパミド、グリボルヌリド、グリクラジド、グリメピリド、グリピジド、グリキドン、グリソキセピド、グリブリド、グリブチアゾール、グリブゾール、グリヘキサミド、グリミジン、グリピナミド、フェンブタミド、トラザミド、トルブタミド、トルシクラミド等のスルホニル尿素誘導体;HDL作動薬;ピオグリタゾン、ロシグリタゾン及びトログリタゾン等の、チアゾリジンジオン等のPPARγ作動薬;並びにアカルボース、カルシウムメソキサラート、ミグリトール及びレパグリニドを含む他のものが挙げられる。
本発明の組成物において使用され得る抗炎症薬の非限定的な例としては、アルクロフェナク、ジプロピオン酸アルクロメタゾン、アルゲストンアセトニド、αアミラーゼ、アンシナファル、アンシナフィド、アンフェナクナトリウム、塩酸アミプリロース、アナキンラ、アニロラク、アニトラザフェン、アパゾン、バルサラジド二ナトリウム、ベンダザック、ベノキサプロフェン、塩酸ベンジダミン、ブロメライン、ブロペラモール、ブデソニド、カルプロフェン、シクロプロフェン、シンタゾン、クリプロフェン、プロピオン酸クロベタゾール、酪酸クロベタゾン、クロピラク、プロピオン酸クロチカゾン、酢酸コルメタゾン、コルトドキソン、デフラザコルト、デソニド、デソキシメタゾン、ジプロピオン酸デキサメタゾン、ジクロフェナクカリウム、ジクロフェナクナトリウム、二酢酸ジフロラゾン、ジフルミドンナトリウム、ジフルニサル、ジフルプレドナート、ジフタロン、ジメチルスルホキシド、ドロシノニド、エンドリゾン、エンリモマブ、エノリカムナトリウム、エピリゾール、エトドラク、エトフェナマート、フェルビナク、フェナモール、フェンブフェン、フェンクロフェナク、フェンクロラク、フェンドサール、フェンピパロン、フェンチアザク、フラザロン、フルアザコルト、フルフェナム酸、フルミゾール、酢酸フルニソリド、フルニキシン、フルニキシンメグルミン、フルオコルチンブチル、酢酸フルオロメトロン、フルクァゾン、フルルビプロフェン、フルレトフェン、プロピオン酸フルチカゾン、フラプロフェン、フロブフェン、ハルシノニド、プロピオン酸ハロベタゾール、酢酸ハロプレドン、イブフェナック、イブプロフェン、イブプロフェンアルミニウム、イブプロフェンピコノール、イロニダプ、インドメタシン、インドメタシンナトリウム、インドプロフェン、インドキソール、イントラゾール、酢酸イソフルプレドン、イソキセパク、イソキシカム、ケトプロフェン、塩酸ロフェミゾール、ロルノキシカム、ロテプレドノールエタボナート、メクロフェナメートナトリウム、メクロフェナム酸、二酪酸メクロリゾン、メフェナム酸、メサラミン、メセクラゾン、メチルプレドニゾロンスレプタナート、モルニフルマート、ナブメトン、ナプロキセン、ナプロキセンナトリウム、ナプロキソール、ニマゾン、オルサラジンナトリウム、オルゴテイン、オルパノキシン、オキサプロジン、オキシフェンブタゾン、塩酸パラニリン、ペントサン多硫酸ナトリウム、グリセリン酸フェンブタゾンナトリウム、ピルフェニドン、ピロキシカム、ケイ皮酸ピロキシカム、ピロキシカムオラミン、ピルプロフェン、プレドナゼート(Prednazate)、プリフェロン、プロドール酸、プロクァゾン、プロキサゾール、クエン酸プロキサゾール、リメキソロン、ロマザリット、サルコレクス、サルナセジン、サルサラート、サリチル酸、塩化サングイナリウム、セクラゾン、セルメタシン、スドキシカム、スリンダク、スプロフェン、タルメタシン、タルニフルマート、タロサラート、テブフェロン、テニダプ、テニダプナトリウム、テノキシカム、テシカム、テシミド、テトリダミン、チオピナク、ピバル酸チキソコルトール、トルメチン、トルメチンナトリウム、トリクロニド、トリフルミダート、ジドメタシン、グルココルチコイド、ゾメピラクナトリウムが挙げられる。1つの好ましい抗炎症薬はアスピリンである。
カルシウムチャネル遮断薬は、高血圧症、狭心症及び心不整脈等のいくつかの心臓血管疾患を含むさまざまな疾病の抑制に重要な治療的価値を有する、化学的に多様な種類の化合物である(Fleckenstein、Cir. Res. v.52(suppl.1),p1-11(1983);Fleckenstein、実験事実及び治療の展望(Experimental Facts and Therapeutic Prospects)、John Wiley,New York(1983);McCall,D.、Curr Pract Cardiol,v.10,p1-11(1985))。カルシウムチャネル遮断薬は、細胞内カルシウムチャネルを規制することによってカルシウムが細胞に入るのを防止又は遅延させる、異種グループの薬剤である。(Remington、薬学の科学及び実践(The Science and Practice of Pharmacy)、Nineteenth Edition,Mack Publishing Company,Eaton,Pa.,p.963(1995))。現在入手可能なカルシウムチャネル遮断薬の大半は、本発明に従って有用であり、3つの主要な化学種の薬剤、すなわちニフェジピン等のジヒドロピリジン系、ベラパミル等のフェニルアルキルアミン系、及びジルチアゼム等のベンゾジアゼピン系のうちの1つに属する。本発明の組成物において使用され得るカルシウムチャネル遮断薬の非限定的な例としては、ベプリジル、クレンチアゼム、ジルチアゼム、フェンジリン、ガロパミル、ミベフラジル、プレニラミン、セモチアジル、テロジリン、ベラパミル、アムロジピン、アラニジピン、バルニジピン、ベニジピン、シルニジピン、エホニジピン、エルゴジピン、フェロジピン、イスラジピン、ラシジピン、レルカニジピン、マニジピン、ニカルジピン、ニフェジピン、ニルバジピン、ニモジピン、ニソルジピン、ニトレンジピン、シンナリジン、フルナリジン、リドフラジン、ロメリジン、ベンシクラン、エタフェノン、ファントファロン、ペルヘキシリン、及びそれらの混合物が挙げられる。
本発明の組成物で使用され得るCETP阻害剤の非限定的な例としては、トルセトラピブ及びJT7−705が挙げられる。
本発明の組成物で使用され得るCOX−2阻害剤の非限定的な例としては、下記に従う化合物が挙げられる:選択的COX−2阻害剤化合物の3つの異なる構造種の成員としてのWinokur、PCT国際特許公開WO99/20110号の8頁から始まる化合物及び物質の全て、並びに「急性冠動脈虚血性症候群及び関連状態に関連する危険性を治療、防止又は低減するための併用療法(Combination therapy for treating, preventing, or reducing the risks associated with acute coronary ischemic syndrome and related conditions)」と題するNichtberger、米国特許第6,136,804号(2000年10月24日)における選択的COX−2阻害剤である化合物及び物質、並びに「炎症の治療のためのシクロオキシゲナーゼ−2阻害剤及びロイコトリエンB4受容体拮抗薬の組合せ(Combination of a Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor and a Leukotriene B4 Receptor Antagonist for the Treatment of Inflammations)」と題する、1995年6月12日にPCT国際特許出願PCT/US 9509905号として出願され、1996年12月27日に公開されたIsakson他、PCT国際特許公開WO/09641645号における選択的COX−2阻害剤である化合物及び物質。本発明におけるCOX−2阻害剤の意味は、WinokurのPCT国際特許公開WO99/20110号でその中の技術を参照することにより参照され、且つ組み込まれる化合物及び物質、Nichtbergerの米国特許第6,136,804号(2000年10月24日)でその中の技術を参照することにより参照され、且つ組み込まれる化合物及び物質、並びに「炎症の治療のためのシクロオキシゲナーゼ−2阻害剤及びロイコトリエンB4受容体拮抗薬の組合せ(Combination of a Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor and a Leukotriene B4 Receptor Antagonist for the Treatment of Inflammations)」と題する、1995年6月12日にPCT国際特許出願PCT/US 9509905号として出願され、1996年12月27日に公開されたIsakson他、PCT国際特許公開WO/09641645号で参照され、且つ組み込まれるCOX−2阻害剤である化合物及び物質を包含する。本発明におけるCOX−2阻害剤の意味はまた、それぞれMerck及びSearle/PfizerによりVIOXX及びCELEBREXとして販売されるロフェコキシブ及びセレコキシブも包含する。ロフェコキシブは、WinokurのPCT国際特許公開WO99/20110号で9頁に化合物3として論述されている。セレコキシブは、同じ参照文献及びT. Penning著「1,5−ジアリールピラゾール種のシクロオキシゲナーゼ−2阻害剤の合成及び生物学的評価:4−[5−(4−メチルフェニル)−3−(トリフルオロメチル)−1H−ピロゾール−1−イル]ベンゼンスルホンアミド(SC−5865、セレコキシブ)の同定(Synthesis and biological evaluation of the 1,5-diarylpyrazole class of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: identification of 4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrozol-1-yl]benzenesulfonamide(SC-58635, celecoxib)」(J. Med. Chem. Apr. 25, 1997: 40(9): 1347-56)でSC−58635として論述されている。本発明におけるCOX−2阻害剤の意味はまた、蛍光ジアリールオキサゾールと称されるSC299も包含する。C. Lanzo他著「シクロオキシゲナーゼ−1及びシクロオキシゲナーゼ−2へのジアリール複素環の会合並びに解離の蛍光消光分析:シクロオキシゲナーゼ−2選択性の動力学的基礎(Fluorescence quenching analysis of the association and dissociation of a diarylheterocycle to cyclooxygenasl-1 and cyclooxygenase-2: dynamic basis of cycloxygenase-2 selectivity)」(Biochemistry May 23, 2000, vol. 39(20): 6228-34)、及びJ. Talley他著「シクロオキシゲナーゼ−2(COX−2)の4,5−ジアリールオキサゾール阻害剤(4,5-Diaryloxazole inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)」(Med. Res. Rev. May 1999; 19(3):199-208)。本発明におけるCOX−2阻害剤の意味はまた、バルデコキシブ(「4−[5−メチル−3−フェニルイソキサゾール−1−イル]ベンゼンスルホンアミド、バルデコキシブ:COX−2の強力且つ選択的阻害剤(4-[5-Methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-1-yl]benzenesulfonamide, Valdecoxib: A Potent and Selective Inhibitor of COX-2)」(J. Med. Chem. 2000, Vol. 43: 775-777)を参照)、及びパレコキシブ、ナトリウム塩又はパレコキシブナトリウム(「N−[[(5−メチル−3−フェニルイソキサゾール−4−イル)−フェニル]スルホニル]プロパンイミド、ナトリウム塩、パレコキシブナトリウム:非経口投与用のCOX−2の強力且つ選択的阻害剤(N-[[(5-methyl-3-phenylixoxazole-4-yl)-phenyl]sulfonyl]propanimide, Sodium Salt, Parecoxib sodium: A potent and Selective Inhibitor of COX-2 for Parenteral Administration)」(J. Med. Chem. 2000, Vol. 43: 1661-1663)を参照)も包含する。本発明におけるCOX−2阻害剤の意味はまた、メチルスルホニル部分に対する適切な代替物としてのスルホンアミド部分の置換(J. Carter他著「選択的シクロオキシゲナーゼ−2阻害剤としてのスルホンアミド置換された4,5−ジアリールチアゾールの合成及び活性(Synthesis and activity of sulfonamide-substituted 4,5-diarylthiazoles as selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors)」(Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett Apr. 19, 1999: Vol.9(8): 11171-74)を参照)、及び論文「選択的シクロオキシゲナーゼ−2阻害剤としてのスルホニル置換された4,5−ジアリールチアゾールの設計及び合成(Design and synthesis of sulfonyl-substituted 4,5-diarylthiazoles as selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors)」(Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett Apr. 19, 1999: Vol.9(8): 11167-70)で参照される化合物も包含する。本発明の意味は、2つの論文:Attiga他著「プロスタグランジン合成の阻害剤は、ヒト前立腺腫瘍細胞侵襲性を阻害し、且つマトリックスメタロプロテイナーゼの放出を低減する(Inhibitors of Prostaglandin Synthesis Inhibit Human Prostate Tumor Cell Invasiveness and Reduce the Release of Matrix Metalloproteinases)」(60 Cancer Research 4629-4637(2000年8月15日))及びHsu他著「シクロオキシゲナーゼ−2阻害剤であるセレコキシブは、Bcl−2とは無関係にヒト前立腺癌細胞においてAkt活性化を阻止することによりアポトーシスを誘導する(The cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib induces apoptosis by blocking Akt activation in human prostate cancer cells independently of Bcl-2)」(275(15) J. Biol. Chem. 11397-11403 (2000))において参照されるCOX−2阻害剤であるNS398を包含する。本発明におけるCOX−2阻害剤の意味は、Mitchell他著「シクロオキシゲナーゼ−2:薬理学、生理学、生化学及びNSAID療法に対する関連性(Cyclo-oxygenase-2: pharmacology, physiology, biochemistry and relevance to NSAID therapy)」(Brit. J of Pharmacology (1999) vol. 128: 1121-1132)(特に1126頁を参照)で参照されるシクロオキシゲナーゼ−2選択的化合物を包含する。本発明におけるCOX−2阻害剤の意味は、L. Jackson他著「COX−2選択的非ステロイド系抗炎症薬:それらは実際に、なんらかの利点を提供するのか?(COX-2 selective Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Do They Really Offer Any Advantages?)」(Drugs, June, 2000 vol. 59(6): 1207-1216)並びに脚注27及び28の論文で言及されるいわゆるNO−NSAID即ち酸化窒素放出NSAIDを包含する。また、本発明におけるCOX−2阻害剤の意味は、WinokurのPCT国際特許公開WO99/20110号で参照されるような10対1を超える比で、好ましくは少なくとも40対1の比でCOX−1イソ酵素を上回ってCOX−2イソ酵素を選択的に阻害し、且つ従来の原子価殻電子対反発理論の下でセレコキシブのスルフィルアミン部のような環状環上に位置する自由電子を有する両原子を有する1つの置換基、及び第1の置換基と有意な電子相互作用を有しないように当該第1の置換基から十分離れた異なる環上に位置する第2の置換基を有する任意の物質も包含する。第2の置換基は、0.5を超えるこのような置換基内の電気陰性度を有するべきであるか、或いは第2の置換基は、ハロゲンであるF、Cl、Br若しくはI、又は第VI族元素の群から選択される化合物の周辺に位置する原子であるべきである。したがって、COX−2阻害剤のこの最後の包含される意味のために、COX−2阻害剤の一部は親水性であるべきであり、他の部分は親油性であるべきである。また、COX−2阻害剤として、Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approch, Depiro他(McGraw Hill 1999)における553頁で列挙される化合物(ナブメトン及びエトドラクを包含する)も包含される。このパラグラフで記載される選択的COX−2阻害剤間で重複部分が存在することが認識される場合は、COX−2阻害剤という用語の意図は、COX−1よりもCOX−2を阻害するという意味で選択的な全ての選択的COX−2阻害剤を包括的に包含することである。本発明では、本発明で有用なCOX−2阻害剤の種類に、Wall Street Journal(2000年12月13日)で参照される、Merckにより製造される名称エトリコキシブを保有する薬物を加える。また、Chauret他著「COX−2阻害剤エトリコキシブ(MK−0663)の発見及び選択における代謝産物の活性試験を含む体外での代謝の考察(In vitro metabolism considerations, including activity testing of metabolites, in the discovery and selection of the COX-2 inhibitor etoricoxib (MK-0663)」(Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 11(8): 1059-62(2001年4月23日))も参照されたい。別の選択的COX−2阻害剤は、Yergey等、Drug Metab. Dispos. 29(5): 638-44(2001年5月)で参照されるDFU[5,5−ジメチル−3−(3−フルオロフェニル)−4−(4−メチルスルホニル)フェニル−2(5H)−フラノン]である。本発明はまた、選択的COX−2阻害剤として、COX−1阻害と比較して有意なCOX−2阻害を示したフラボノイド酸化防止剤シリマリン、及びシリマリン中の有効成分であるシリビリンを包含する。シリマリンはまた、グルタチオンペルオキシダーゼの枯渇に対する防御も示した。Zhao他著「抗酸化酵素及び炎症酵素の12−O−テトラデカノイルホルボール13−アセテートにより引きこされる調節に対するフラボノイド酸化防止剤シリマリンによる有意な阻害、並びにSENCARマウス表皮におけるシクロオキシゲナーゼ−2及びインターロイキン−1α発現:ステージIの腫瘍促進の防止における影響(Significant Inhibition by the Flavonoid Antioxidant Silymarin against 12-O-tetoracecanoylphorbol 13-acetate-caused modulation of antioxidant and inflammatory enzymes, and cyclooxygenase 2 and interleukin-1 alpha expression in SENCAR mouse epidermis: implications in the prevention of stage I tumor promotion)」(Mol. Carcinog. December 1999, Vol 26(4): 321-33 PMID 10569809)。シリマリンは、欧州で肝臓疾患を治療するのに使用されている。
直接トロンビン阻害剤の非限定的な例としては、ヒルジン、ヒルゲン、ヒルログ、アルガトロバン、PPACK及びトロンビンアプタマーが挙げられる。
本発明の組成物において使用され得る利尿薬の非限定的な例としては、アルチアジド、ベンドロフルメチアジド、ベンズチアジド、ブチアジド、クロルタリドン、シクロペンチアジド、シクロチアジド、エピチアジド(epithiazide)、エチアジド、フェンキゾン、インダパミド、ヒドロフルメチアジド、メチクロチアジド、メチクラン、メトラゾン、パラフルチジド、ポリチアジド、キネタゾン、テクロチアジド、トリクロロメチアジド、クロルメロドリン、メラルリド、メルカムファミド(mercamphamide)、メルカプトメリンナトリウム、マーキュマチリンナトリウム(mercumatilin sodium)、塩化第1水銀、メルサリル、アセフィリン、7−モルフォリノメチル−テオフィリン、パマブロム、プロテオブロミン、テオブロミン、カンレノン、オレアンドリン、スピロノラクトン、アセタゾラミド、アンブシド、アゾセミド、ブメタニド、ブタゾラミド、クロパミド、クロレキソロン、ジスルファミド、エトクスゾラミド(ethoxzolamide)、フロセミド、メフルシド、メタゾラミド、ピレタニド、トルセミド、トリパミド、キシパミド、アミノメトラジン、アミソメトラジン、アマノジン、アミロリド、アルブチン、クロラザニル、エタクリン酸、エトゾリン、ヒドラカルバジン、イソソルビド、マンニトール、メトカルコン、ムゾリミン、ペルヘキシリン、チクリナフェン、トリアムテレン、尿素、及びそれらの混合物が挙げられる。使用される利尿薬によっては、低カリウム性アルカローシスを回避しながら体液平衡を最適化するために、患者にカリウムを投与してもよい。カリウムの投与は、塩化カリウムの形で行ってもよく、又は、例えばバナナやオレンジジュース等のカリウム含有量の高い食品を日常的に摂取することで行ってもよい。
本発明の組成物中で使用され得るエンドセリン受容体拮抗薬の非限定的な例としては、ボセンタン、スルホンアミドエンドセリン拮抗薬、BQ−123、SQ 28608等)、並びにそれらの混合物が挙げられる。
HMG−CoA(3−ヒドロキシ−3−メチルグルタリル−補酵素A)レダクターゼは、コレステロール生合成における律速反応を触媒するミクロソーム酵素である(HMG−CoA6メバロン酸塩)。HMG−CoAレダクターゼ阻害剤は、HMG−CoAレダクターゼを阻害し、結果としてコレステロールの合成を阻害する。高コレステロール血症患者の治療に、多くのHMG−CoAレダクターゼ阻害剤が用いられてきた。さらに最近では、HMG−CoAレダクターゼ阻害剤が、脳卒中の治療に効果的であることが示された(Endres M他、Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,1998、95:8880-5)。
本発明の組成物において使用され得る強心薬の非限定的な例としては、アセフィリン、アセチルジギトキシン、2−アミノ−4−ピコリン、アムリノン、ベンフロジルヘミスクシナート、ブクラデシン、カンホタミド、コンバラトキシン、シマリン、デノパミン、デスラノシド、ジギタリン、ジギタリス、ジギトキシン、ジゴキシン、ドブタミン、ドカルパミン、ドーパミン、ドペキサミン、エノキシモン、エリトロフレイン(erythrophleine)、フェナルソミン(fenalsomine)、ギタリン、ギトキシン、グリコシアミン、ヘプタミノール、ヒドラスチニン、イボパミン、ラナトシド、ロプリニン(loprinine)、ミルリノン、ネリフォリン(nerifolin)、オレアンドリン、ウアバイン、オキシフェドリン、ピモベンダン、プレナルテロール、プロスシラリジン、レシブフォゲニン、スキラレン、スキラレニン、ストロファンチン、スルマゾール、テオブロミン、ベスナリノン、キサモテロール、及びそれらの混合物が挙げられる。
レニン阻害剤は、レニンの活性に干渉する化合物である。レニン阻害剤としては、アミノ酸及びその誘導体、ペプチド及びその誘導体、並びにレニンに対する抗体が挙げられる。米国特許の対象であるレニン阻害剤の例として、以下のものがある:ペプチドの尿素誘導体(米国特許第5,116,835号);非ペプチド結合によって連結されたアミノ酸(米国特許第5,114,937号);ジペプチド誘導体及びトリペプチド誘導体(米国特許第5,106,835号);アミノ酸及びその誘導体(米国特許第5,104,869号及び同第5,095,119号);ジオールスルホンアミド及びスルフィニル(米国特許第5,098,924号);修飾ペプチド(米国特許第5,095,006号);ペプチジルβ−アミノアシルアミノジオールカルバミン酸(米国特許第5,089,471号);ピロールイミダゾロン(pyrolimidazolones)(米国特許第5,075,451号);フッ素及び塩素のスタチン又はスタトン含有ペプチド(米国特許第5,066,643号);ペプチジルアミノジオール(米国特許第5,063,208号及び同第4,845,079号);N−モルホリノ誘導体(米国特許第5,055,466号);ペプスタチン誘導体(米国特許第4,980,283号);N−複素環アルコール(米国特許第4,885,292号);レニンに対するモノクローナル抗体(米国特許第4,780,401号);並びにその他のさまざまなペプチド及びそれらの類似体(米国特許第5,071,837号、同第5,064,965号、同第5,063,207号、同第5,036,054号、同第5,036,053号、同第5,034,512号、及び同第4,894,437号)。
本発明の組成物において使用され得る血管拡張剤の非限定的な例としては、ベンシクラン、シンナリジン、シチコリン、シクランデレート、シクロニカート、ジクロロ酢酸ジイソプロピルアミン、エブルナモミン、ファスジル、フェノキセジル、フルナリジン、イブジラスト、イフェンプロジル、イソソルビド硝酸、一硝酸イソソルビド、ロメリキシン(lomerixine)、ナフロニル、ニカメタート、ニセルゴリン、ニモジピン、パパベリン、ペンチフィリン、チノフェドリン、バンカミン(vancamine)、ビンポセチン、ビキジル、アモトリフェン、ベンダゾール、ベンフロジルヘミスクシナート、ベンジオダロン、クロラシジン、クロモナール、クロベンフロール、クロニトラート、クロリクロメン、ジラゼプ、ジピリダモール、ドロプレニラミン、エフロキサート、四硝酸エリトリチル、エタフェノン、フェンジリン、フロレジル、ガングレフェン(ganglefence)、心筋抽出物、ヘキセストロールビス(α−ジエチルアミノエチルエーテル)、ヘキソベンジン、ヒドララジン化合物、トシル酸イトラミン、ケリン、リドフラジン、六硝酸マンニトール、メジバジン、ニトログリセリン、一硝酸イソソルビド、二硝酸イソソルビド、及びその他の硝酸塩、四硝酸ペンタエリスリトール、ペントリニトロール、ペルヘキシリン、ピメフィリン、プレニラミン、硝酸プロパチル、ピリドフィリン、トラピジル、トリクロミル、トリメタジジン、リン酸トロールニトラート、ビスナジン、ニコチン酸アルミニウム、バメタン、ベンシクラン、ベタヒスチン、ブラジキニン、ブロビンカミン、ブフェニオド、ブフロメジル、ブタラミン、セチエジル、シクロニカート、シネパジド、シンナリジン、シクランデレート、ジクロロ酢酸ジイソプロピルアミン、エレドイシン、フェノキセジル、フルナジン、ヘプロニカート、イフェンプロジル、イロプロスト、ニコチン酸イノシトール、イソクスプリン、カリジン、カリクレイン、モキシシリト、ナフロニル、ニカメタートニセルゴリン、ニコフラノース、ニコチニルアルコール、ナイリドリン、ペンチフィリン、ペントキシフィリン、ピリベジル、プロスタグランジンE1、スロクチジル、トラゾリン、ニコチン酸キサンチノール、及びそれらの混合物が挙げられる。
を有する化合物を意味する点である。ヒドララジン化合物の例としては、ブドララジン、カドララジン、ジヒドララジン、エンドララジン、ヒドララジン、ピルドララジン、トドララジン等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
本発明の組成物において使用され得る昇圧剤の非限定的な例としては、メチル硫酸アメジニウム、アンギオテンシンアミド、ジメトフリン、ドーパミン、エチフェルミン、エチレフリン、ゲペフリン、メタラミノール、メトキサミン、ミドドリン、ノルエピネフリン、フォレドリン、シネフリン、及びそれらの混合物が挙げられる。
本発明の組成物中で使用され得るAGE架橋切断薬の非限定的な例としては、アラゲブリウムが挙げられる。
本発明の組成物中で使用され得るAGE形成阻害剤の非限定的な例としては、ピマゲジンが挙げられる。
これらのネビボロール組成物と組み合わせられ得る他の有効成分の非限定的な例としては、以下の代表的な種類の化合物、並びにそれらの薬学的に許容可能な塩、異性体、エステル、エーテル及び他の誘導体が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない:
2’−テトラヒドロ−10’−アポ−β−カロテン−3,5,8−トリオール;6’,7’−ジデヒドロ−5,6,5’,6’−テトラヒドロ−β,β−カロテン−3,5,6,3’,5’−ペントール;6,7−ジデヒドロ−5,6,5’,6’−テトラヒドロ−β,β−カロテン−3,5,3’,5’−テトロール;3,4−ジデヒドロ−1,2,7’,8’−テトラヒドロ−ψ,ψ−カロテン−1−オール;ジデヒドロトリケントリオロジン(trikentriorhodin);7,8−ジデヒドロゼアキサンチン;ジデメチル化スピリロキサンチン;1,2,1’,2’−ジエポキシ−2,2’−ビス(3−ヒドロキシ−3−メチルブチル)3,4−ジデヒドロ−1,2,1’,2’−テトラヒドロ−ψ,ψ−カロテン;ジエポキシ−β−カロテン;5,8,5’,8’−ジエポキシクリプトキサンチン;5,6,5’,6’−ジエポキシ−5,6,5’,6’−テトラヒドロ−β,β−カロテン;5,6,5’,8’−ジエポキシ−5,6,5’,8’テトラヒドロ−β,β−カロテン;5,8,5’,8’−ジエポキシ−5,8,5’,8’テトラヒドロ−β,β−カロテン;5,6,5’,6’−ジエポキシ−5,6,5’,6’−テトラヒドロ−β,β−カロテン−3,3’−ジオール;5,6,5’,8’−ジエポキシ−5,6,5’,8’テトラヒドロ−β,β−カロテン−3,3’−ジオール;5,8,5’,8’−ジエポキシ−5,8,5’,8’テトラヒドロ−β,β−カロテン−3,3’−ジオール;5,6,5’,6’−ジエポキシ−5,6,5’,6’テトラヒドロ−β,β−カロテン−3−オール;5,6,5’,8’−ジエポキシ−5,6,5’,8’テトラヒドロ−β,β−カロテン−3−オール;5,8,5’,8’−ジエポキシ−5,8,5’,8’テトラヒドロ−β,β−カロテン−3−オール;5,6,5’,8’−ジエポキシゼアキサンチン;5,8,5’,8’−ジエポキシゼアキサンチン;ジゲンチオビオシル8,8’−ジアポカロテン−8,8’−ジオエート;ジ−(β,D−グルコピラノシル(glucopyranosyi))−4,4’−ジアポカロテン−4,4’−ジオエート;ジグルコシル−8,8’−ジアポカロテン−8,8’−ジオエート;ジヒドロアンヒドロロドビブリン;9’,10’−ジヒドロ−9’−アポ−β−カロテン−3,9’−ジオン;9’,10’−ジヒドロ−9’−アポ−ε−カロテン−3,9’−ジオン;7’,8’−ジヒドロ−7’−アポ−β−カロテン−8’−オン;5’,6’−ジヒドロ−5’−アポ−18’−ノル−β−カロテン−6’−オン;7,8−ジヒドロアスタキサンチン;β−ジヒドロカロテン;1,1’−ジヒドロ−β−カロテン;3,4−ジヒドロ−β−カロテン;7,7’−ジヒドロ−β−カロテン;7’,8’−ジヒドロ−β,ψ−カロテン;7’,8’−ジヒドロ−γ−カロテン;7’,8’−ジヒドロ−γ,ψ−カロテン;7’,8’−ジヒドロ−δ−カロテン;7’,8’−ジヒドロ−ε,ψ−カロテン;1,2−ジヒドロ−ζ−カロテン;1,2−ジヒドロ−ψ,ψ−カロテン;7,8−ジヒドロ−ψ,ψ−カロテン;7,8−ジヒドロ−β,β−カロテン−3,3’−ジオール;7’,8’−ジヒドロ−β,ψ−カロテン3,17’−ジオール;9’,10’−ジヒドロ−β,ψ−カロテン−3,17’−ジオール;7’,8’−ジヒドロ−ε,ψ−カロテン−3,17’−ジオール;1,2−ジヒドロ−ψ,ψ−カロテン−1,20−ジオール;5,6−ジヒドロ−β,β−カロテン3,5,6,3’−テトロール;5,6−ジヒドロ−β,β−カロテン3,5,3’−トリオール;1’,2’−ジヒドロ−β,ψ−カロテン1’−オール;7’,8’−ジヒドロ−β,ψ−カロテン3−オール;1’,2’−ジヒドロ−φ,ψ−カロテン−1’−オール;1,2−ジヒドロ−ψ,ψ−カロテン−1−オール;5,6−ジヒドロ−β,β−カロテン−3,5,6,3’−テトロール;5,6−ジヒドロ−β,ε−カロテン−3,5,6,3’−テトロール;7,8(又は7’,8)−ジヒドロデカプレノキサンチンモノグルコシド;1’,2’−ジヒドロ−3’,4’−デヒドロ−3,1’−ジヒドロキシ−γ−カロテン;1,2−ジヒドロ−3,4−デヒドロリコペン;1,2−ジヒドロ−3,4−デヒドロ−1−OH−リコペン;7,8−ジヒドロ−4,4’−ジアポカロテン;7’,8’−ジヒドロ−4,4’−ジアポカロテン−4−アール;7’,8’−ジヒドロ−4,4’−ジアポカロテン−4−オン酸;1’,2’−ジヒドロ−3’,4’−ジデヒドロ−3,1’−ジヒドロキシ−γ−カロテン−2’−イルラムノシド;1’,2’−ジヒドロ−1’,2’−ジヒドロキシ−4−ケトトルレン;1’,2’−ジヒドロ−3,1’−ジヒドロキシトルレングルコシド;1’,2’−ジヒドロ−3,1’−ジヒドロキシトルレンラムノシド;1’,2’−ジヒドロ−4,2’−ジケトトルレン;3’−ジヒドロ−[H]−ドラデシン;1’,2’−ジヒドロ−1’−グルコシル−3,4−デヒドロトルレン;1’,2’−ジヒドロ−1’−グルコシル−4−ケトトルレン;1’,2’−ジヒドロ−1’−ヒドロキシ−γ−カロテン;1’,2’−ジヒドロ−1’−ヒドロキシチオロバクテン(chiorobactene);1’,2’−ジヒドロ−2’−ヒドロキシ−3’,4’−デヒドロ−4−ケト−γ−カロテン;1’,2’−ジヒドロ−1’−ヒドロキシ−3,4−デヒドロトルレングルコシド;1’,2’−ジヒドロ−1’−ヒドロキシ−4−ケト−γ−カロテン;1’,2’−ジヒドロ−1’−ヒドロキシ−4−ケトトルレン;1’,2’−ジヒドロ−1’−ヒドロキシ−4−ケトトルレングルコシド;1’,2’−ジヒドロ−1’−ヒドロキシスフェロイデネオン(hydroxysphe roideneone);1’2’−ジヒドロ−1’−ヒドロキシトルレングルコシド;1’2’−ジヒドロ−1’−ヒドロキシトルレンラムノシド;1,2−ジヒドロリコペン;1’,2’−ジヒドロリコペン;7,8−ジヒドロリコペン;1,2−ジヒドロ−1−メトキシ−リコペン−20−アール;ジヒドロメトキシリコペン;5,6−ジヒドロ−4−メトキシ−リコペン−6−オン;1,2−ジヒドロニューロスポレン;1’,2’−ジヒドロニューロスポレン;1,2−ジヒドロ−1−OH−リコペン;1’,2’−ジヒドロ−1’−OH−トルレン;2’−ジヒドロフィリップシアキサンチン;ジヒドロフィトエン;1,2−ジヒドロフィトエン;1’,2’−ジヒドロフィトエン;1,2−ジヒドロフィトフレン;1’,2’−ジヒドロフィトフレン;7,8−ジヒドロ−8,7’−レトロ−β,β−カロテン;7’,8’−ジヒドロロドビブリン;7,8(又は7’,8’)−ジヒドロサルシナキサンチン;3,4−ジヒドロスフェロイデン;11’,12’−ジヒドロスフェロイデン;3,4−ジヒドロスピリロキサンチン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシカンタキサンチン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−α−カロテン;3,4−ジヒドロキシ−β−カロテン;2,3−ジヒドロキシ−β,β−カロテン−4,4’−ジオン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−ε−カロテン;2,3’−ジヒドロキシ−β,β−カロテン−4,4’−ジオン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−β,β−カロテン−4,4’−ジオン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−β,ε−カロテン−4,2’−ジオン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−β,Χ−カロテン−4,6’−ジオン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−Χ,Χ−カロテン−6,6’−ジオン;2,3−ジヒドロキシ−β,β−カロテン−4−オン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−β,β−カロテン−4−オン;3,2’−ジヒドロキシ−β,ε−カロテン−4−オン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−β,ε−カロテン−4−オン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−β,χ−カロテン−6’−オン;3,8−ジヒドロキシ−χ,Χ−カロテン−6−オン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシデヒドロ−β−カロテン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−7,8−デヒドロ−β−カロテン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−7,8,7’,8’−デヒドロ−β−カロテン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−7,8−デヒドロ−β−カロテン−5’,6’−エポキシド;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−2,3−ジデヒドロ−β,β−カロテン−4,4’−ジオン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−7,8−ジデヒドロ−β,β−カロテン−4,4’−ジオン;3’,8’−ジヒドロキシ−7,8−ジデヒドロ−β,χ−カロテン−3’,6’−ジオン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−2,3−ジデヒドロ−β,β−カロテン−4−オン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−7’,8’−ジデヒドロ−β,β−カロテン−4−オン;3,4’−ジヒドロキシ−2,3−ジデヒドロ−β,β−カロテン−4−オン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−2,3−ジデヒドロ−β,ε−カロテン−4−オン;3,8−ジヒドロキシ−7’,8’−ジデヒドロ−χ,Χ−カロテン−6−オン;3,6’−ジヒドロキシ−7,8−ジデヒドロ−6’,7’ジヒドロ−β,ε−カロテン−3’,8’−ジオン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−7,8−ジデヒドロ−7’,8’ジヒドロ−β,χ−カロテン−6’,8’−ジオン;3,1’−ジヒドロキシ−3’,4’−ジデヒドロ−1’,2’−ジヒドロ−β,ψ−カロテン−4−オン;1’,2’−ジヒドロキシ−3’,4’−ジデヒドロ−1’,2’−ジヒドロ−β,ψ−カロテン−4−オン;3,5−ジヒドロキシ−6,7−ジデヒドロ−5,6,7’,8’−テトラヒドロ−7’−アポ−β−カロテン−8’−オン;6,3’−ジヒドロキシ−7’,8’−ジデヒドロ−5,6,7,8−テトラヒドロ−β,β−カロテン−3,8−ジオン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−5,8,5’,8’−ジエポキシ−β−カロテン;5,6−ジヒドロキシ−5,6−ジヒドロ−10’−アポ−β−カロテン−10’−アール;5,6−ジヒドロキシ−5,6−ジヒドロ−10’−アポ−β−カロテン−10’−オン酸;5,6−ジヒドロキシ−5,6−ジヒドロ12’−アポ−β−カロテン−12’−オン酸;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−7,8−ジヒドロ−β,β−カロテン−4,4’−ジオン;3,1’−ジヒドロキシ−1’,2’−ジヒドロトルレン;1’,2’−ジヒドロキシ−1’,2’−ジヒドロトルレン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−4,4’−ジケト−β−カロテン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−2,2’−ジノル−β,β−カロテン−4,4’−ジオン−3,3’−ジアシレート;3,19−ジヒドロキシ−3’,6’−ジオキソ−7,8−ジデヒドロ−β,χ−カロテン−17−アール;1,1’−ジヒドロキシ−2,2’−ジラムノシル−1,2,1’,2’−テトラヒドロ−3,4,3’,4’−テトラヒドロリコペン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシエキネノン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−5,6−エポキシ−α−カロテン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−5,8−エポキシ−α−カロテン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−5,6−エポキシ−β−カロテン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−5,8−エポキシ−β−カロテン;2−(ジヒドロキシイソペンテニル)−2’−イソペンテニル−β−カロテン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシイソレニエラテン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−4−ケト−カロテン(gcarotene);3,3’−ジヒドロキシルテオクロム;ジヒドロキシリコペン;3,1’−ジヒドロキシ−2’−(5−C−メチルペントシロキシ)−3’,4’−ジデヒドロ−1’,2’−ジヒドロ−β,ψ−カロテン−4−オン;ジヒドロキシニューロスポレン;2’,3’−ジヒドロキシ−2−ノル−β,β−カロテン−3,4−ジオン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−2−ノル−13−β,β−カロテン−4,4’−ジオン−3−アシレート;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−2−ノル−13−β,β−カロテン−4,4’−ジオン−3,3’−ジ−アシレート;1,2−ジヒドロキシフィトフレン;ジヒドロキシピラルジキサンチン(Dihydroxypirardixanthin);3,3’−ジヒドロキシレトロ−β−カロテン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−2,3,2’,3’−テトラデヒドロ−β,β−カロテン−4,4’−ジオン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−7,8,7’,8’−テトラデヒドロ−β,β−カロテン−4,4’−ジオン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ
−2,3,2’,3’−テトラデヒドロ−β,β−カロテン−4,4’−ジオンジパルミテート;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−7,8,7’,8’−テトラデヒドロ−β,β−カロテン−4−オン;1,1’−ジヒドロキシ−3,4,3’,4’−テトラデヒドロ−1,2,1’,2’−テトラヒドロ(tetrahydrod)−ψ,ψ−カロテン−2,2’−ジオン;3,8’−ジヒドロキシ−5’,6’,7’,8’−テトラヒドロ−5’−アポ−18’−ノル−β−カロテン−6’−オン;1,1’−ジヒドロキシ−1,2,1’,2’−テトラヒドロ−ζ−カロテン;5,5’−ジヒドロキシ−5,6,5’,6’−テトラヒドロ−β,β−カロテン−3,3’−ジオン;3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−7,8,7’;8’−テトラヒドロ−χ,χ−カロテン−6,6’−ジオン;9’,10’−ジヒドロ−β−ゼアカロテン−3,17’−イオール;ジケト−(ジオキソ−又は−ジオンも参照のこと)−2,2’−ジケトバクテリオルベリン;3,4−ジケト−β−カロテン;4,4’−ジケト−β−カロテン;4,4’−ジケト−γ−カロテン;4,4’−ジケトシンチアキサンチン;3,3’−ジケトデヒドロ−β−カロテン;4,4’−ジケトリコペン;ジケトピラルジキサンチン;3,3’−ジケトレトロ−β−カロテン;3,3’−ジケトレトロデヒドロ−β−カロテン;2,2’−ジケトスピリロキサンチン;4,4’−ジケト−7,8,7’,8’−テトラデヒドロゼアキサンチン;3,3’−ジメトキシ−β,β−カロテン;3,3’−ジメトキシ−β,ε−カロテン;3,3’−ジメトキシ−γ−カロテン;3,3’−ジメトキシ−3’,4’−デヒドロ−γ−カロテン;1,1’−ジメトキシ−3,4−ジデヒドロ−1,2,1’,2’,7’,8’−ヘキサヒドロ−ψ,ψ−カロテン;1,1’−ジメトキシ−3,4−ジデヒドロ−1,2,1’,2’,7’,8’−ヘキサヒドロ−ψ,ψ−カロテン−2−オン;1,1’−ジメトキシ−3,4−ジデヒドロ−1,2,1’,2’−テトラヒドロ−ψ,ψ−カロテン;1,1’−ジメトキシ−3’,4’−ジデヒドロ−1,2,1’,2’−テトラヒドロ−ψ,ψ−カロテン−4−オン;1,1’−ジメトキシ−1,2,7,8,1’,2’−ヘキサヒドロ−ψ,ψ−カロテン;1,1’−ジメトキシ−1,2,7,8,11,12,1’,2’(−オクタヒドロ−ψ,ψ−カロテン;1,1’−ジメトキシ−3,4,3’,4’−テトラデヒドロ−1,2,1’,2’−テトラヒドロ−ψ,ψ−カロテン;1,1’−ジメトキシ−3,4,3’,4’−テトラデヒドロ−1,2,1’,2’−テトラヒドロ−ψ,ψ−カロテン−2,2’−ジオン;1,1’−ジメトキシ−1,2,1’,2’−テトラヒドロ−ψ,ψ−カロテン−20−アール;1,1’−ジメトキシ−1,2,1’,2’−テトラヒドロ−ψ,ψ−カロテン;1,1’−ジメトキシ−1,2,1’,2’−テトラヒドロ−ψ,ψ−カロテン−4,4’−ジオン;1,1’−ジメトキシ−1,2,1’,2’−テトラヒドロリコペン;1,1’−ジメトキシ−1,1’,2,2’−テトラヒドロニューロスポレン;ジメチルクロセチン;ジメチル−6,6’−ジアポカロテン−6,6’−ジオエート;ジメチル−8,8’−ジアポカロテン−8,8’−ジオエート;ジネアポリタノシル−8,8’−ジアポカロテン−8,8’−ジオエート;2,2−ジノル−β,β−カロテン−3,4,3’,4’−テトロン;ジノキサンチン;3,3’−ジオキシ−4−オキソ−β−カロテン;ジオキソ−(ジケト−又は−ジオンも参照のこと)5,6−ジオキソ−10’−アポ−5,6−セコ−β−カロテン−10’−アール;5,6,5’,6’−ジセコ−β,β−カロテン−5,6,5’,6’−テトロン;7,8,11,12,13,14,15,7’,8’,11’,12’,15’−ドデカヒドロ−13,15’:14,15’−ビスシクロ−15,15’−セコ−ψ,ψ−カロテン−15−オール;ドデカヒドロリコペン;α−ドラデシン;β−ドラデシン;α−ドラデキサンチン;β−ドラデキサンチン;
ロキシフィトエン;ヒドロキシフィトフレン;4’−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−ピラルジキサンチン;2−ヒドロキシプレクタニアキサンチン;3−ヒドロキシ−4,5’−レトロ−5’−アポ−β−カロテン−5’−オン;3−ヒドロキシ−4’,12’−レトロ−β,β−カロテン−3’,12’−ジオン;3’−ヒドロキシルビキサンチン;3’−ヒドロキシ−5,6−セコ−β,β−カロテン−5,6−ジオン;3−ヒドロキシセミ−β−カロテノン;3−ヒドロキシシンタキサンチン;ヒドロキシスフェロイデン;ヒドロキシスフェロイデノン;ヒドロキシスピリロキサンチン;8’−ヒドロキシ−5’,6’,7’,8’−テトラヒドロ−5’−アポ−18’−ノル−β−カロテン−6’−オン;4’−ヒドロキシ−5,6,5’,6’−テトラヒドロ−β,β−カロテン−4−オン;1−ヒドロキシ−3,4,3’,4’−テトラデヒドロ−1,2−ジヒドロ−ψ,ψ−カロテン−2−オン;1−ヒドロキシ−1,2,7’,8’−テトラヒドロリコペン;1’−ヒドロキシ−3,4,1’,2’−テトラヒドロスフェロイデン;3−ヒドロキシトルレン;16’−ヒドロキシトルレン;18’−ヒドロキシトルレン;3−ヒドロキシ−3’,4’−トリケト−β−カロテン;3−ヒドロキシ−β−ゼアカロテン;5−ヒドロキシゼアキサンチン;
スルホニル尿素の非限定的な例としては、アセトヘキサミド、DiaBeta、グリベンクラミド、グリクラジド、グリピジド(Glucotrol)、グリクロピラミド、クロルプロパミド、トラザミド、トルブタミド、グリメピリド(Amaryl)、並びにトルブタミド類似体及びメグリチニド類似体(例えば、レパグリニド、ナテグリニド、メグリチニド及びミチグリニド(KAD−1229))等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
ナイアシンという用語は、ニコチン酸(ピリジン−3−カルボン酸)及びその誘導体に関して一般的に記述されるものである。ニコチン酸誘導体の非限定的な例としては、ニコフラノース、アシピモクス(5−メチルピラジン−2−カルボン酸−4−オキシド)、ニセリトロール、プロブコール、イソニコチン酸、コレキサミン、オキシニアク酸、ニコクロナート、ニコモール、NIASPAN、ニセリコル(nicerikol)及びニコチン酸トコフェロールが挙げられる。
ルジアゼパム、フルドロコルチゾン、フルレナミン酸(flulenamic acid)、フルナニゾン(flunanisone)、フルナリジン、フルニソリド、フルニトラゼパム、フルオコルトロン、フルオキセチン、デカン酸フルペンチキソール、デカン酸フルフェナジン、エナント酸フルフェナジン、フルフェナジン、フルプロクァゾン、フルラゼパム、フルルビプロフェン、酢酸フルロゲストン、プロピオン酸フルチカゾン、フルバスタチン、フルボキサミン、フォミノベン、フォルモテロール、ホスカルネット、ホスカルネット、ホシノプリル、フォスフェニトイン、フロバトリプタン、フドステイン、フマジリン、フラゾリドン、フラゾリドン、フルフリルメチルアンフェタミン、フロセミド、ガバペンチン、ガベキサート、ガボキサドール、ガランタミン、ガロパミル、ガンマパリン(gammaparin)、ガンシクロビル、ガングレフェン、ゲファルナート、ゲムシタビン、ゲムフィブロジル、ゲピロン、ゲスタデン(gestadene)、グレリン、グラチラマー、グラウカルビン(glaucarubin)、グリベンクラミド、グリクラジド、グリメピリド、グリピジド、グルコン酸、グルタミン酸、グリブリド、三硝酸グリセリル、グリメピリド、グラニセトロン、グレパフロキサシン、グリセオフルビン、グアイアズレン、グアナベンズ、グアンファシン、ハロファンキン(halofankine)、デカン酸ハロペリドール、ハロペリドール、ハロキサゾラム、ヘプロニカート、ヘプタノエート、ヘキソベンジン、ヘキソプレナリン、ヒドラミトラジン、ヒドラジド、ヒドロコドン、ヒドロコルチゾン、ヒドロモルフォン、ヒドロキシアンフェタミン、酢酸ヒドロキシメチルプロゲステロン、ヒドロキシメチルプロゲステロン、酢酸ヒドロキシプロゲステロン、カプロン酸ヒドロキシプロゲステロン、ヒドロキシプロゲステロン、ヒメクロモン、ヒオスシアミン、イボパミン、イブジラスト、イブテナク(ibutenac)、イブプロフェン、イブチリド、イドクスウリジン、イフェンプロジル、イグメシン、イロプロスト、イマチニブ、イミダプリル、イミダゾール、イミペネム、イミプラミン、イモラミン、インカドロン酸ペルゴリド、インダナゾリン、インデノロール、インジナビル、インドメタシン、インドラミン、イノシンプラノベックス、ナイアシン酸イノシトール、ヨードキノール、イピドラシン(ipidracine)、イプロニアジド、イルベサルタン、イリノテカン、イルソグラジン、イソ酪酸塩、イソカプリン酸エステル、イソエタリン、イソメテプテン、イソプロテレノール、二硝酸イソソルビド、一硝酸イソソルビド、二硝酸イソソルビド、イソクスプリン、イスラジピン、イタセトロン、イトラコナゾール、トシル酸イトラミン、イベルメクチン、カリジン、カリクレイン、カナマイシン、ケタミン、ケトコナゾール、ケトプロフェン、ケトロラク、ケトチフェン、ラベタロール、ラフチジン、ラミフィバン、ラミブジン、ラモトリギン、ラナトシドC、ランソプラゾール、ラソフォキシフェン、レフルノミド、レミノプラゾール、レルカニジピン、レソピトロン、レトロゾール、ロイコボリン、レバルブテロール、レバロルファン、レベチラセタム、レベトリアセタム(levetriacetam)、レボブノロール、レボドパ、レボフロキサシン、レボファセトペラン、レボルファノール、リドカイン、リドフラジン、リフィブロール、リマプロスト、リネゾリド、リンチトリプト、リラナフタート、リシノプリル、リスリド、ロベリン、ロブカビル、ロドキサミド、ロメフロキサシン、ロメリジン、ロムスチン、ロペラミド、ロピナビル、ロプラゾラム、ロラカルベフ、ロラタジン、ロラゼパム、ロレフロキサシン、ロルメタゼパム、ロサルタン、ロバスタチン、ロバスタチン、コハク酸ロキサピン、ロキサピン、1−トレオメチルフェニデート、ルミラコキシブ、アセチルサリチル酸リジン、リゾザイム、リスリド、マブテロール、マフェニド、アセチルサリチル酸マグネシウム、マルグラモスチン(malgramostin)、六硝酸マンニトール、マプロチリン、マジンドール、メベンダゾール、メクリジン、メクロフェナム酸、メクロキサミンペンタピペリド、メダゼパム、メジバジン、メジゴキシン、メドロゲストン、酢酸メドロキシプロゲステロン、メフェナム酸、メフェノレックス、メフロキン(mefloquin)、メフロキン(mefloquine)、酢酸メゲストロール、酢酸メレンゲストロール、メルファラン、メマンチン、臭化メペンゾラート、メペリジン、メフェノキサロン、メフェンテルミン、メピンドロール、メピキサノクス、メプロバメート、メプタジノール、メルカプトプリン、メロペナム(meropenum)、メサラミン、メサラジン、メソリダジンベシレート、メソリダジン、メタクラゼパム、メタムフェプラモン、メタムピシリン、メタプロテレノール、メタラミノール、メタサイクリン、塩酸メタドン、メタドン、メタムフェタミン(methamphetamine)、メタカロン、メタルンフェタミン(metharnphetamine)、メトイン(methoin)、メトトレキサート、メトキサミン、メトスクシミド、メチルヘキサンアミン、メチルフェニデート−d−トレオ−メチルフェニデート、メチルフェニデート、メチルフェノバルビトン、メチルプレドニゾロン、メチセルギド、メチアジン酸、メチゾリン、メトクロプラミド、メトラゾン、メトプロロール、メトキサロン(metoxalone)、メトリプラノロール(metripranolol)、メトロニダゾール、メキシレチン、メタキサロン、ミアンセリン、ミベフラジル、ミコナゾール、ミダゾラム、ミドドリン、ミグリトール、ミルナシプラン、ミルリノン、ミノキシジル、ミルタザピン、ミソプロストール、マイトマイシン、ミトタン、ミトキサントロン、ミゾラスチン、モダフィニル、モフェブタゾン、モフェチル、塩酸モリンドン、モリンドン、モルシドミン、モナテピル、モンテルカスト、モンテプラーゼ、モプロロール、モリシジン、塩酸モルフィン、硫酸モルフィン、モルフィン、サリチル酸モルホリン、モサプラミン、モキシフロキサシン、モキシシリト、モキソニジン、ミコフェノレート、ナブメトン、ナドロール、ナドキソロール、ナドロパリン、ナファモスタット、ナフロニル、ナフトピジル、ナルブフィン、ナリジクス酸、ナルメフェン、ナロルフィン、ナロキソン、ナルトレキソン、安息香酸ナンドロロン、シクロヘキサンカルボン酸ナンドロロン、シクロヘキサン−プロピオン酸ナンドロロン、デカン酸ナンドロロン、フリルプロピオン酸ナンドロロン、フェンプロピオン酸ナンドロロン、ナファゾリン、ナプロキセン、ナラトリプタン、ナタマイシン、ナテグリニド、ネドクロミル、ネファゾドン、ネフォパム、ネルフィナビル、ネモナプリド、ウンデシレン酸ネオマイシン、ネオマイシン、ネオコフィン(neokofin)、ネシリチド、n−エチルアンフェタミン、ネビラピン、ネキソパミル、ニカメタート、ニカルジピン、ニセルゴリン、ニコフィブラート、ニコフラノース、ニコモルフィン、ニコランジル、ニコチニルアルコール、ニコウマロン(nicoumalone)、ニフェジピン、ニフェナロール、ニケタミド、ニルタミド、ニルバジピン、ニモジピン、ニモラゾール、ニプラジロール、ニソルジピン、ニチソノン、ニトラゼパム、ニトロフラントイン、ニトロフラゾン、ニトログリセリン、ニザチジン、ノラステミゾール、ノルエピネフリン、ノレチノドレル(norethynodrel)、ノルフェネフリン、ノルフロキサシン、ノルゲスチメート、ノルゲスケル(norgeskel)、ノルゲストリエノン、ノルメタドン、ノルメチステロン、ノルモルフィン、ノルプソイドエフェドリン、ノルトリプチリン、ノバントロン、ナイリドリン、ナイスタチン、オクタミルアミン、オクトドリン、オクトパミン、オフロキサシン、オランザピン、オランザピン、オラパタジン(olapatadine)、オルメサルタン、オラパタジン、オルサラジン、オマパトリラト、オメプラゾール、オンダンセトロン、オピウム、オプレベルキン(oprevelkin)、オルリスタット、オルニダゾール、オルノプロスチル、オセルタミビル、オキサリプラチン、オキサムニキン、オキサンドロロン、エンボン酸オキサンテル、オキサプロジン、オキサトミドペミロラスト(oxatomide pemirolast)、オキサトミド、オキサゼパム、オキサカルバゼピン、オクスフェンダゾール、オキシコナゾール、オキシラセタム、オキソリン酸、オクすプレノロール、オキシコドン、オキシフェドリン、オキシメタゾリン、オキシモルホン、オキシフェンブタゾン、オキシフェンサイクリミン、オザグレル、パクリタキセル、パロノセトロン、パントプラゾール、パパベリン、パリカルシトール、パラメタジオン、パレコキシブ、パリプラゾール、パロモマイシン、パロキセチン、パルサルミド、パジナクロン、ペモリン、ペンブトロール、ペンシクロビル、ペニシリンGベンザチン、ペニシリンGプロカイン、ペニシリンV、ペニシリン、四硝酸ペンタエリスリトール、四硝酸ペンタエリスリトール、ペンタピペリド、ペンタゾシン、ペンチフィリン、ペンチゲチド、ペントバルビトン、ペントレックス、ペントキシフィリン、ペントリニトロール、ピルブテロール、ピレンゼピン、ペルゴリド、ペルヘキシリン、ペリンドプリルエルブミン、ペロスポン、ペルフェナジンピモジド、ペルフェナジン、ファンキノン、フェナセミド、フェナセチン、フェナゾピリジン、フェンカルバミド、フェンジメトラジン、フェネルジン、フェニンジオン、フェンメトラジン、フェノバルビトン、フェノペリジン、フェノチアジン、フェノキシベンザミン、フェンスクシミド、フェンテルミン、フェントラミン、フェニルサリチル酸塩、フェニル酢酸塩、フェニルブタゾン、塩酸フェニルエフリン、塩酸フェニルプロパノラミン、塩酸フェニルプロパノラミン、フェニルプロピル−メチルアミン、フェニトイン、フロログルシノール(phloroglucinol)、フォレドリン、サリチル酸フィソスチグミン、フィソスチグミン、フィトナジオール、フィトステロール、ピアペナム(piapenum)、ピシロレクス、ピクラミラスト、ピクロトキシン、ピクマスト、ピファルニン、ピルシカイニド、ピマゲチン、ピメクロン、ピメクロリムス、ピメフィリン、ピモジド、臭化ピナベリウム、ピンドロール、ピオグリタゾン、ピペラシリン、硫酸ピペラジンエストロン、ピペラジン誘導体、ピペリラート(piperilate)、ピラセタム、ピリベジル、ピリフィブラート、ピロキシカム、ピタバスタチン、ピゾチリン、プラウノトール、ポラプレジンク、ポリベンザルソール、リン酸ポリエストロール、プラクトロール、プラルナカサン、プラミペキソール、プランルカスト、プラバスタチン、プラゼパム、プラジカンテル、プラゾシン、プレガバリン、プレナルテロール、プレニラミン、プリジノール、臭化プリフィニウム、プリミドン、プリミプラミン、プロベネシド、プロブコール、プロカインアミド、プロカルバジン、プロカテロール、プロクロルペラジン、プログアニル、プロネタロール(pronethalol)、プロパフェノン、プロパミジン、硝酸プロパチル、プロペントフィリン、プロピオン酸塩、プロピラム、プロポキシフェン、プロプラノロール、プロピルヘキセドリン、プロピルチオウラシル、プロトキロール、プロトリプチリン、プロキサゾール、プソイドエフェドリン、プリン、エンボン酸ピランテル、ピラゾール、ピラゾロン、ピリドフィリン、ピリメタミン、ピリミジン、ピロリドン、クアゼパム、クエチアピン、クエツアピン(quetuapine)、キナゴリド、キナプリル、キネストロール、キンファミド、キニジン、硫酸キニン、キノロン、キヌプリチン、ラバルゾタン、ラベプラゾールナトリウム、ラベプラゾール、ラセフィミン、ラマフロバン(ramahroban)、ラミプリル、ラニチジン、ラノラジン、ランソプラゾール、ラサギリン、レバミピド、レフルダン、レパグリニド、レピノタン、レピリナスト、レプロテロール、レセルピン、レチノイド、リバビリン、リファブチン、リファンピシン、リファペンチン、リルメニジン、リルゾール、リマンタジン、リミテロール、リオプロスチル、リスペリドン、リタノビル、リタペンチン、リチペネム、リトドリン、リトナビル、リバスチグミン、リザトリプタン、ロシベリン、ロフェコキシブ、ロヒプノール、ロリプラム、レモキシプリド、ロニフィブラート、ロピニロール、ロピバカイン、ロサプロストー
ル、ロシグリタゾン、ロスバスタチン、ロチノロール、ロトラキサート、酢酸ロキサチジン、ロキシンドール、ルビテカン、サラセタミド、サリシン、サリシラミド、サリチル酸誘導体、サルメトロール、サキナビル、サキナビル、スコポラミン、セクニダゾール、セレギリン、セモチアジル、セルチンドール、セルトラリン、シブトラミン、シルデナフィル、シンバスタチン、シラメシン、シロリムス、シタクスセタン(sitaxsentan)、ソファルコン、ソモチアジル、ソリブジン、ソタロール、ソテレノール、スパルフロキサシン、スパスモリトール(spasmolytol)、スペクチノマイシン、スピラマイシン、スピゾフロン、スタブジン、ストレプトマイシン、スクシニルスルファチアゾール、スクラルファート、スフェンタニル、硝酸スルコナゾール、スルファセタミド、スルファジアジン、スルファロキシカシド(sulfaloxicacid)、スルファルシド、スルフマロール、スリンダク、スロクチジル、スルファベンザミド、スルファセタミド、スルファジアジン、スルファドキシン、スルファフラゾール、スルファメラジン、スルファメトキサゾール、スルファピリジン、スルファサラジン、スルフィンピラゾン、スルピリド、スルチアム、スルトプリド、スルブロポニウム、スマニロール、スマフリプタン(sumahriptan)、スネピホン(sunepihon)、スペロキシドジスムターゼ(superoxide dismutase)、スプラタスト、スラミンナトリウム、シネフリン、タクリン、タクロリムス、タクロリムス、タダラフィル、タリノロール、タリペキソール、タモキシフェン、タムスロシン、タルゲチン、タザノラスト、タザロテン、タゾバクタム、テカスチメゾール(tecastimezole)、テクロザン、テジサミル、テガセロド、テレンゼピン、テルミサルタン、テマゼパム、テニポシド、テプレノン、テラゾシン、テルビナフィン、テルビナフィン、硫酸テルブタリン、テルブタリン、テルコナゾール、テルフェナジン、テロジリン、テロフェナメート、テルタトロール、テストラクトン、4−ジヒドロテストステロン、四環系化合物(tetracyclics)、テトラサイクリン、テトラヒドロカンナビノール、テトラヒドロゾリン、タリドミド、セオフィブラート、チアベンダゾール、チアジネカルボキサミド、チオカルバミン酸塩、チオカルバミジン、チオカルバルゾン、チオリダジン、チオチキセン、チアガビン、チアメニジン、チアネプチン、チアプロフェニン酸、チアラミド、チクロピジン、チグロイジン(tigloidine)、チリソロール、チモロール、チニダゾール、チノフェドリン、チンザパリン、チオコナゾール、チプラナビル、チラパザミン、チロフィバン、チロプラミド、チタニセン、チザナジン、チザニジン、チジナジン、トカイニド、トラザミド、トラゾリン、トルブタミド、トルカポン、トルシクラート、トルフェナミン酸、トリプロロール、トルテリジン(tolteridine)、トルテロジン、トナベルスタット(tonaberstat)、トピラメート、トポテカン、トルセミド、トレミフェンシブラート(toremifene cibrate)、トレミフェン、トスフロキサシン、トラマドール、トラマゾリン、トランドラプリル、トラニラスト、トラニルシプロミン、トラピジル、トラキサノックス、トラゾドン、トレトキノール、トリアセチン、トリアムシノロン、トリアムテリン、トリアムテレン、トリアゾラム、塩酸トリフルオペラジン、トリフルオペラジン、トリフルプロマジン、トリヘキシフェニジル、トリマゾシン、トリメブチン、トリメタジジン、トリメトプリム、トリムゲストン、トリミプラミン、トリモプロスチル、トリチオジン、トログリタゾン、リン酸トロルニブラート(trolnibrate phosphate)、トロメタミン、トロピカミド、トロバフロキサシン、トロキシピド、ツアミノヘプタン、ツロブテロール、チマゾリン、チラミン、ウンデカン酸塩、ウンデセン酸、ウリナスタチン、バラシクロビル、バルデコキシブ、吉草酸塩、バルガンシクロビル、バルプロ酸、バルサルタン、バンコマイシン、バルデナフィル、ベンラファキシン、ベノレルビン、ベラパミル、ビダラビン、ビガバキン、ビンカミン、ビンポセチン、ビオマイシン、ビキジル、ビスナジン、ビタミンa誘導体、ビタミンa、ビタミンb2、ビタミンd、ビタミンe、ビタミンk、ボグリボース、ボリコナゾール、キサリプロデン、キサモテロール、キサンチノールナイアシネート、臭化キセニトロピウム、キシベノール、キシメラガトラン、キシロメタゾリン、ヨヒンビン、ザコプリド、ザフィルルカスト、ザルシタビン、ザレプロン、ザナミビル、ザテブラジン、ジコノチド、ジドブジン、ジレウトン、ジメルジン、プロピオン酸亜鉛、ジプラシドン、ゾリミジン、ゾルミトリプタン、ゾルピデム、ゾニサミド、ゾピクロン、及びそれらの混合物。
本発明のネビボロール代謝産物及びそれらの酸付加塩は、血圧降下剤の投与前、中又は後に投与され得るが、但し、血圧降下剤の投与に関する本発明の化合物の投与の時間は、本発明の化合物が血管低減剤の影響を強化するのに有効であるようにさせる。
心血管危険因子、特に高血圧のより高い有病率は、米国では黒人アメリカ人の間で観察されている。黒人アメリカ人の間での増大するCV危険性は、NO生物学的利用能の低減を含む血管生理学における差に起因し得る。この概念を支持して、上腕動脈活性の臨床評価は、年齢を一致させた白人と比較した場合に、健常な黒人アメリカ人において内因性NO及び外因性NOの両方に対するコンダクタンス管の応答性の低減を示した。この差の根拠は、はるかに高レベルの内皮依存的NOシンターゼ(eNOS)にもかかわらず、黒人アメリカ人の内皮からのNOの生物学的利用能が低いことに起因する。この矛盾の細胞学的根拠は、NAD(P)H−オキシダーゼ及び未連結eNOSによる過剰なO2 −生成が、そのO2 −との反応性に起因して機能的NOの損失をもたらし、強力な酸化剤であるペルオキシナイトライト(ONOO−)の形成をもたらすという見解である。
白人ドナー及び黒人アメリカ人ドナーの両方からの内皮細胞における6つの立体選択的ヒドロキシ代謝産物による急性処理は、6つのヒドロキシ代謝産物の全てが、d−ネビボロールよりもはるかに優れた活性を有し、且つほとんどが、ネビボロールラセミ体より優れていることを示す。ネビボロールと比較した場合、4’(R)−ヒドロキシ−7−フルオロ−6−ヒドロキシ−l−ネビボロール代謝産物は、白人ドナー及び黒人ドナーからのそれぞれ476±20nmol/L及び383±18nmol/Lへのほぼ2倍のNO放出の増加を引き起こす。4’(R)−ヒドロキシ−5−フルオロ−l−ネビボロール代謝産物もまた、ネビボロール及びさらにはl−ネビボロールの活性を、50%を上回る分だけ超過する。これらの見解は、ネビボロールのヒドロキシ代謝産物が、ヒト内皮細胞における急性NO放出に対して明確且つ再現可能性の高い効果を有することを示す。
方法及び材料:ヒト内皮からのNO放出の測定
提示する測定は全て、感受性ポルフィリンプローブを使用して体外で記録される。NO放出は、ヒト臍静脈内皮細胞(HUVEC)から直接測定される。HUVECは、American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA)から得られ、1.5g/lの炭酸水素ナトリウムを含有するように調節され、且つ0.1mg/mlのヘパリン及び0.03〜0.05mg/mlの内皮細胞成長サプリメント(ECGS)=10%ウシ胎児血清を補充した2mM L−グルタミンを有するハムF12K培地で成長させる。HUVECは、高いCO2濃度(5%)の雰囲気中で維持された。ネビボロール、そのエナンチオマー及びネビボロール代謝産物(ネビボロールグルクロニド、4−ヒドロキシ−5’−フェノール代謝産物、4−ヒドロキシ−8’−フェノール代謝産物、4−ヒドロキシ代謝産物、5−ヒドロキシ代謝産物、8−ヒドロキシ代謝産物、N−DAD、N−DACA及びN−DAAAを包含する)は、Mylan Laboratories(Morgantown, WV.)から得られる。
これらの分析の結果により、β1−アドレナリン受容体選択的拮抗薬ネビボロールの6つの代謝産物は、一連の濃度にわたってヒト内皮細胞からのNO放出に対して種々の効果を有することが実証される。図3は、10μMの濃度での作用物質の添加後の6つの代謝産物に関するHUVEC調製物からのピークNO放出を比較する。代謝産物は同一実験条件下でNO放出に対して定量的に異なる効果を有することが、この図から明白である。10μMの比較的高い濃度で、ただ1つの代謝産物(4−ヒドロキシネビボロール)が400nMを超えるNOレベルを生じたのに対して、代謝産物のうち3つ(N−DAD、N−DACA及びN−DAAA)は、この比較的高い濃度でさえ、90nM未満のピークNOレベルを刺激する。残りの2つの代謝産物(5−ヒドロキシ及び8−ヒドロキシネビボロール)は、10μMの濃度でおよそ220nMのNOのNO放出に対する中間効果を有する。4−ヒドロキシ−5’−フェノール及び4−ヒドロキシ−8’−フェノールを包含するジヒドロキシネビボロール、並びにグルクロニド化された代謝産物は全て、NO放出能力に関して活性である。
Claims (82)
- 前記ネビボロールの4位は、ヒドロキシル基で置換される、請求項1に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記ネビボロールの4’位は、ヒドロキシル基で置換される、請求項1に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記ネビボロールは、4位及び8位、4位及び8’位、4’位及び8位、又は4’位及び8’位にてヒドロキシル基で二置換される、請求項1に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記ネビボロールの4位及び5’位、又は該ネビボロールの4’位及び5位は、ヒドロキシル基で置換される、請求項1に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 少なくとも治療または防止を必要とする患者において、治療上有効な量の請求項1に記載の組成物を投与することを含む、心血管疾患を少なくとも治療または防止する方法。
- 前記心血管疾患は、うっ血性心不全、高血圧、肺高血圧、心筋梗塞及び脳梗塞、アテローム性動脈硬化症、アテローム発生、血栓症、虚血性心疾患、血管形成後再狭窄、冠動脈疾患、腎不全、安定狭心症、不安定狭心症及び異型(プリンツメタル型)狭心症、心臓性浮腫、腎機能不全、ネフローゼ性浮腫、肝性浮腫、発作、一過性脳虚血発作、脳血管障害、再狭窄、高血圧における血圧の制御、血小板粘着、血小板凝集、平滑筋細胞増殖、肺水腫、ステントを含む医療用具の使用に関連する血管合併症、医療用具の使用に関連する創傷、肺血栓性塞栓症、脳血栓閉塞症、血栓静脈炎、血小板減少症並びに出血性障害から成る群から選択される、請求項6に記載の心血管疾患を少なくとも治療または防止する方法。
- 前記心血管疾患は、うっ血性心不全、高血圧、再狭窄及びアテローム性動脈硬化症から成る群から選択される、請求項7に記載の心血管疾患を少なくとも治療または防止する方法。
- 各単位が、薬学的キャリアと関連して所望の治療上の効果を生じるのに必要とされる既定量の該ネビボロール代謝産物を含有する、単位投薬形態でのヒドロキシル化されたネビボロール代謝産物。
- 前記組成物は、静脈内に、経口的に、口腔的に、非経口的に、吸入スプレーにより、局所塗布により、又は経皮的に投与される、請求項6に記載の心血管疾患を少なくとも治療または防止する方法。
- 前記他の活性剤の少なくとも1つは心血管剤である、請求項11に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記心血管剤は、ACE阻害剤、ARB、アドレナリン遮断薬、アドレナリン作動薬、褐色細胞腫用の作用物質、抗不整脈薬、抗血小板剤、抗凝固薬、抗高血圧薬、抗高脂血症剤、抗糖尿病薬、抗炎症剤、カルシウムチャネル遮断薬、CETP阻害剤、COX−2阻害剤、直接トロンビン阻害剤、利尿薬、エンドセリン受容体拮抗薬、HMG Co−Aレダクターゼ阻害剤、強心剤、レンニン阻害剤、血管拡張薬、血管収縮薬、AGE架橋切断薬、AGE形成阻害剤及びそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項12に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記心血管剤は、ACE阻害剤、ARB及びそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項12に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記心血管剤はACE阻害剤である、請求項14に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記ACE阻害剤は、アラセプリル、ベナゼプリル、カプトプリル、セロナプリル、シラザプリル、デラプリル、エナラプリル、エナラプリラート、ホシノプリル、イミダプリル、リシノプリル、ペリンドプリル、キナプリル、ラミプリル、ラミプリラート、スピラプリル、テモカプリル、トランドラプリル及びそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項15に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記ACE阻害剤は、エナプリル、ラミプリル及びラミプリラート並びにそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項15に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記心血管剤はARBである、請求項14に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記ARBは、カンデサルタン、エプロサルタン、イルベサルタン、ロサルタン、バルサルタン及びそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項18に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記心血管剤は、AGE架橋切断薬、AGE形成阻害剤及びそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項12に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記他の活性剤は心血管剤である、請求項21に記載の組成物。
- 前記心血管剤は、ACE阻害剤、ARB、アドレナリン遮断薬、アドレナリン作動薬、褐色細胞腫用の作用物質、抗不整脈薬、抗血小板剤、抗凝固薬、抗高血圧薬、抗高脂血症剤、抗糖尿病薬、抗炎症剤、カルシウムチャネル遮断薬、CETP阻害剤、COX−2阻害剤、直接トロンビン阻害剤、利尿薬、エンドセリン受容体拮抗薬、HMG Co−Aレダクターゼ阻害剤、強心剤、レンニン阻害剤、血管拡張薬、血管収縮薬、AGE架橋切断薬、AGE形成阻害剤及びそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項22に記載の組成物。
- 前記心血管剤は、ACE阻害剤及びARBから成る群から選択される、請求項22に記載の組成物。
- 前記心血管剤は、アラセプリル、ベナゼプリル、カプトプリル、セロナプリル、シラザプリル、デラプリル、エナラプリル、エナラプリラート、ホシノプリル、イミダプリル、リシノプリル、ペリンドプリル、キナプリル、ラミプリル、ラミプリラート、スピラプリル、テモカプリル及びトランドラプリルから成る群から選択されるACE阻害剤である、請求項22に記載の組成物。
- 前記心血管剤は、カンデルサルタン、エプロサルタン、イルベサルタン、ロサルタン及びバルサルタンから成る群から選択されるARBである、請求項22に記載の組成物。
- 前記心血管剤は、AGE架橋切断薬及びAGE形成阻害剤から成る群から選択される、請求項22に記載の組成物。
- 前記他の活性剤の少なくとも1つは心血管剤である請求項28に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記心血管剤は、ACE阻害剤、ARB、アドレナリン遮断薬、アドレナリン作動薬、褐色細胞腫用の作用物質、抗不整脈薬、抗血小板剤、抗凝固薬、抗高血圧薬、抗高脂血症剤、抗糖尿病薬、抗炎症剤、カルシウムチャネル遮断薬、CETP阻害剤、COX−2阻害剤、直接トロンビン阻害剤、利尿薬、エンドセリン受容体拮抗薬、HMG Co−Aレダクターゼ阻害剤、強心剤、レンニン阻害剤、血管拡張薬、血管収縮薬、AGE架橋切断薬、AGE形成阻害剤及びそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項29に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記心血管剤は、ACE阻害剤、ARB及びそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項29に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記心血管剤はACE阻害剤である、請求項31に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記ACE阻害剤は、アラセプリル、ベナゼプリル、カプトプリル、セロナプリル、シラザプリル、デラプリル、エナラプリル、エナラプリラート、ホシノプリル、イミダプリル、リシノプリル、ペリンドプリル、キナプリル、ラミプリル、ラミプリラート、スピラプリル、テモカプリル、トランドラプリル及びそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項32に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記ACE阻害剤は、エナプリル、ラミプリル及びラミプリラート並びにそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項33に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記心血管剤はARBである、請求項31に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記ARBは、カンデサルタン、エプロサルタン、イルベサルタン、ロサルタン、バルサルタン及びそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項35に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記心血管剤は、AGE架橋切断薬、AGE形成阻害剤及びそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項29に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1つの他の活性剤は心血管剤である、請求項38に記載の心血管障害を少なくとも治療または防止する方法。
- 前記心血管剤は、ACE阻害剤、ARB、アドレナリン遮断薬、アドレナリン作動薬、褐色細胞腫用の作用物質、抗不整脈薬、抗血小板剤、抗凝固薬、抗高血圧薬、抗高脂血症剤、抗糖尿病薬、抗炎症剤、カルシウムチャネル遮断薬、CETP阻害剤、COX−2阻害剤、直接トロンビン阻害剤、利尿薬、エンドセリン受容体拮抗薬、HMG Co−Aレダクターゼ阻害剤、強心剤、レンニン阻害剤、血管拡張薬、血管収縮薬、AGE架橋切断薬、AGE形成阻害剤及びそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項39に記載の心血管障害を少なくとも治療または防止する方法。
- 前記心血管障害は、うっ血性心不全、高血圧、肺高血圧、心筋梗塞及び脳梗塞、アテローム性動脈硬化症、アテローム発生、血栓症、虚血性心疾患、血管形成後再狭窄、冠動脈疾患、腎不全、安定狭心症、不安定狭心症及び異型(プリンツメタル型)狭心症、心臓性浮腫、腎機能不全、ネフローゼ性浮腫、肝性浮腫、発作、一過性脳虚血発作、脳血管障害、再狭窄、高血圧における血圧の制御、血小板粘着、血小板凝集、平滑筋細胞増殖、肺水腫、ステントを含む医療用具の使用に関連する血管合併症、医療用具の使用に関連する創傷、肺血栓性塞栓症、脳血栓閉塞症、血栓静脈炎、血小板減少症並びに出血性障害から成る群から選択される請求項38に記載の血管疾患を少なくとも治療または防止する方法。
- 前記心血管剤は、ACE阻害剤、ARB及びそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項40に記載の心血管障害を少なくとも治療または防止する方法。
- 前記心血管剤はACE阻害剤である、請求項42に記載の心血管障害を少なくとも治療または防止する方法。
- 前記心血管剤はARBである、請求項42に記載の心血管障害を少なくとも治療または防止する方法。
- 前記心血管剤は、AGE架橋切断薬、AGE形成阻害剤及びそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項40に記載の心血管障害を少なくとも治療または防止する方法。
- 前記組成物は、薬学的キットを含む、請求項28に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記心血管剤は血管拡張薬である、請求項12に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記血管拡張薬は、イソソルビドジニトレート、イソソルビドモノニトレート及びヒドララジン化合物並びにそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項47に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記他の活性剤の少なくとも1つはフラボノイドである、請求項11に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記フラボノイドは、(−)−エピカテキン、(+)−カテキン、プロシアニジンB2、ケルセチン脱水物、タキシフォリン及びリスベラトロール並びにそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項49に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1つの他の活性剤は、フラボノイド、カルテノイド、スルホニル尿素並びにナイアシン及び関連誘導体、並びにそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項11に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 少なくとも1つの活性剤はカロテノイドである、請求項51に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記カロテノイドは、アスタキサンチン、ゼアキサンチン、ルテイン、リコペン、ベータ−カロテン及びそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項52に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1つの他の活性剤はスルホニル尿素である、請求項51に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記スルホニル尿素は、アセトヘキサミド、DiaBeta、グリベンクラミド、グリクラジド、グリピジド、グリコピラミド、クロルプロパミド、トラザミド、トルブタミド、グリメピリド、トルブタミド類似体及びメグリチニド類似体並びにそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項54に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記心血管剤は血管拡張薬である、請求項39に記載の心血管障害を少なくとも治療または防止する方法。
- 前記血管拡張薬は、イソソルビドジニトレート、イソソルビドモノニトレート、イソソルビドモノニトレート及びヒドララジン化合物並びにそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項56に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記ヒドララジン化合物は、ブドララジン、カドララジン、ジヒドララジン、エンドラジン、ヒドララジン、ピルドララジン及びトドララジン又はそれらの薬学的に許容可能な塩、及びそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項57に記載の心血管障害を少なくとも治療または防止する方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの他の活性剤はフラボノイドである、請求項38に記載の心血管障害を少なくとも治療または防止する方法。
- 前記フラボノイドは、(−)−エピカテキン、(+)−カテキン、プロシアニジンB2、ケルセチン脱水物、タキシフォリン及びリスベラトロール並びにそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項59に記載の心血管障害を少なくとも治療または防止する方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの他の活性剤は、フラボノイド、カルテノイド、スルホニル尿素並びにナイアシン及び関連誘導体、並びにそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項38に記載の心血管障害を少なくとも治療または防止する方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの他の心血管剤は、ACE阻害剤、ARB、アドレナリン遮断薬、アドレナリン作動薬、褐色細胞腫用の作用物質、抗不整脈薬、抗血小板剤、抗凝固薬、抗高血圧薬、抗高脂血症剤、抗糖尿病薬、抗炎症剤、カルシウムチャネル遮断薬、CETP阻害剤、COX−2阻害剤、直接トロンビン阻害剤、利尿薬、エンドセリン受容体拮抗薬、HMG Co−Aレダクターゼ阻害剤、強心剤、レンニン阻害剤、血管拡張薬、血管収縮薬、AGE架橋切断薬、AGE形成阻害剤及びそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項62に記載の改善を必要とする黒人患者においてNO放出を改善する方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの他の心血管剤は血管拡張薬である、請求項63に記載の改善を必要とする黒人患者においてNO放出を改善する方法。
- 前記血管拡張薬は、イソソルビドジニトレート、イソソルビドモノニトレート及びヒドララジン化合物並びにそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項64に記載の改善を必要とする黒人患者においてNO放出を改善する方法。
- 前記ヒドララジン化合物は、ブドララジン、カドララジン、ジヒドララジン、エンドラジン、ヒドララジン、ピドララジン及びトドララジン又はそれらの薬学的に許容可能な塩、及びそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項65に記載の改善を必要とする黒人患者においてNO放出を改善する方法。
- (i)ヒドロキシル置換され、次式で表されるネビボロール代謝産物の少なくとも1つの立体異性体、
(ii)少なくとも1つのヒドララジン化合物又はそれらの薬学的に許容可能な塩、
(iii)イソソルビドジニトレートとイソソルビドモノニトレートの少なくとも1つ、
(iv)任意選択で、ジギタリス化合物、利尿化合物、カリウム、アンギオテンシン変換酵素阻害剤、ベータ−アドレナリン遮断薬、コレステロール低下薬、カルシウムチャネル遮断薬、アンギオテンシンII受容体拮抗薬及びエンドセリン拮抗薬から成る群から選択される1つ又は複数の化合物、
のそれぞれを治療上有効な量、黒人患者へ投与することを含む、黒人患者において心血管疾患に関連する死亡率を低減させる方法。 - 前記心血管障害は、うっ血性心不全、高血圧、肺高血圧、心筋梗塞及び脳梗塞、アテローム性動脈硬化症、アテローム発生、血栓症、虚血性心疾患、血管形成後再狭窄、冠動脈疾患、腎不全、安定狭心症、不安定狭心症及び異型(プリンツメタル型)狭心症、心臓性浮腫、腎機能不全、ネフローゼ性浮腫、肝性浮腫、発作、一過性脳虚血発作、脳血管障害、再狭窄、高血圧における血圧の制御、血小板粘着、血小板凝集、平滑筋細胞増殖、肺水腫、医療用具の使用に関連する血管合併症、医療用具の使用に関連する創傷、肺血栓性塞栓症、脳血栓閉塞症、血栓静脈炎、血小板減少症並びに出血性障害から成る群から選択される、請求項67に記載の黒人患者において心血管疾患に関連する死亡率を低減させる方法。
- 前記心血管障害は高血圧である、請求項68に記載の黒人患者において心血管疾患に関連する死亡率を低減させる方法。
- 前記ヒドララジン化合物は、ブドララジン、カドララジン、ジヒドララジン、エンドラジン、ヒドララジン、ピドララジン及びトドララジン又はそれらの薬学的に許容可能な塩、及びそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項69に記載の黒人患者において心血管疾患に関連する死亡率を低減させる方法。
- 前記ネビボロールは、1日当たり約1mg〜1日当たり約10mgの量で投与される、請求項67に記載の黒人患者において心血管疾患に関連する死亡率を低減させる方法。
- (i)ヒドロキシル置換され、次式で表されるネビボロール代謝産物の少なくとも1つの立体異性体、
(ii)少なくとも1つのヒドララジン化合物又はそれらの薬学的に許容可能な塩、
(iii)イソソルビドジニトレート及び/又はイソソルビドモノニトレートの少なくとも1つ、
(iv)任意選択で、ジギタリス化合物、利尿化合物、カリウム、アンギオテンシン変換酵素阻害剤、ベータ−アドレナリン遮断薬、コレステロール低下薬、カルシウムチャネル遮断薬、アンギオテンシンII受容体拮抗薬及びエンドセリン拮抗薬から成る群から選択される1つ又は複数の化合物、
のそれぞれを、安全且つ治療上有効な量、黒人患者へ投与することを含む、改善を必要とする黒人患者においてNPO放出を改善する方法。 - 前記ヒドララジン化合物は、ブドララジン、カドララジン、ジヒドララジン、エンドラジン、ヒドララジン、ピドララジン及びトドララジン又はそれらの薬学的に許容可能な塩、及びそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項72に記載の改善を必要とする黒人患者においてNPO放出を改善する方法。
- 前記ヒドララジン化合物は塩酸ヒドララジンである、請求項73に記載の改善を必要とする黒人患者においてNO放出を改善する方法。
- (i)ヒドロキシル置換され、次式で表されるネビボロール代謝産物の少なくとも1つの立体異性体、
(ii)少なくとも1つのヒドララジン化合物又はそれらの薬学的に許容可能な塩、
(iii)イソソルビドジニトレート及び/又はイソソルビドモノニトレートの少なくとも1つ、
(iv)任意選択で、ジギタリス化合物、利尿化合物、カリウム、アンギオテンシン変換酵素阻害剤、ベータ−アドレナリン遮断薬、コレステロール低下薬、カルシウムチャネル遮断薬、アンギオテンシンII受容体拮抗薬及びエンドセリン拮抗薬から成る群から選択される1つ又は複数の化合物、
のそれぞれを、安全且つ治療上有効な量、該黒人患者へ投与することを含む、改善を必要とする黒人患者において運動耐容を改善する方法又は生活の質を改善する方法。 - 前記ヒドララジン化合物は、ブドララジン、カドララジン、ジヒドララジン、エンドラジン、塩酸ヒドララジン、ピドララジン及びトドララジン又はそれらの薬学的に許容可能な塩、及びそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項75に記載の改善を必要とする黒人患者において運動耐容を改善する方法又は生活の質を改善する方法。
- 前記ヒドララジン化合物は塩酸ヒドララジンである、請求項76に記載の改善を必要とする黒人患者において運動耐容を改善する方法又は生活の質を改善する方法。
- 前記心血管剤は、イソソルビドジニトレート、イソソルビドモノニトレート、ヒドララジン化合物及びそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項78に記載の改善を必要とする黒人患者においてNO放出を改善する方法。
- (i)1日当たり約1mg〜1日当たり約10mgの量のヒドロキシル置換され、次式で表されるネビボロール代謝産物の少なくとも1つの立体異性体、
(ii)安全且つ治療上有効な量の少なくとも1つの心血管剤、
(iii)任意選択で、ジギタリス化合物、利尿化合物、カリウム、アンギオテンシン変換酵素阻害剤、ベータ−アドレナリン遮断薬、コレステロール低下薬、カルシウムチャネル遮断薬、アンギオテンシンII受容体拮抗薬及びエンドセリン拮抗薬から成る群から選択される安全且つ治療上有効な量の1つ又は複数の化合物、
のそれぞれを、治療上有効な量、該黒人患者へ投与することを含む、改善を必要とする黒人患者において運動耐容を改善する方法又は生活の質を改善する方法。 - 前記心血管剤は、ACE阻害剤、ARB、アドレナリン遮断薬、アドレナリン作動薬、褐色細胞腫用の作用物質、抗不整脈薬、抗血小板剤、抗凝固薬、抗高血圧薬、抗高脂血症剤、抗糖尿病薬、抗炎症剤、カルシウムチャネル遮断薬、CETP阻害剤、COX−2阻害剤、直接トロンビン阻害剤、利尿薬、エンドセリン受容体拮抗薬、HMG Co−Aレダクターゼ阻害剤、強心剤、レンニン阻害剤、血管拡張薬、血管収縮薬、AGE架橋切断薬、AGE形成阻害剤及びそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、請求項81に記載の改善を必要とする黒人患者において運動耐容を改善する方法又は生活の質を改善する方法。
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- 2006-01-30 AP AP2007004089A patent/AP2764A/xx active
- 2006-01-30 AU AU2006210952A patent/AU2006210952B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-01-30 NZ NZ560386A patent/NZ560386A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-01-30 KR KR1020077019852A patent/KR20080016527A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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- 2006-01-30 US US11/342,497 patent/US20070014733A1/en not_active Abandoned
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AU2006210952A1 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
EP1848424B1 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
AU2006210952B2 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
EP1848424A2 (en) | 2007-10-31 |
US20070014733A1 (en) | 2007-01-18 |
WO2006083779A3 (en) | 2006-11-23 |
NZ560386A (en) | 2009-12-24 |
WO2006083779A2 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
US20110065783A1 (en) | 2011-03-17 |
SG175477A1 (en) | 2011-11-28 |
AP2007004089A0 (en) | 2007-08-31 |
CA2596426A1 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
AP2764A (en) | 2013-09-30 |
KR20080016527A (ko) | 2008-02-21 |
RU2007132730A (ru) | 2009-03-10 |
IL184894A (en) | 2012-10-31 |
RU2433823C2 (ru) | 2011-11-20 |
IL184894A0 (en) | 2007-12-03 |
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