KR20080016527A - 하이드록시화된 네비볼롤을 함유하는 약학적 조성물 - Google Patents
하이드록시화된 네비볼롤을 함유하는 약학적 조성물 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20080016527A KR20080016527A KR1020077019852A KR20077019852A KR20080016527A KR 20080016527 A KR20080016527 A KR 20080016527A KR 1020077019852 A KR1020077019852 A KR 1020077019852A KR 20077019852 A KR20077019852 A KR 20077019852A KR 20080016527 A KR20080016527 A KR 20080016527A
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Classifications
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- C07D311/04—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring
- C07D311/58—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring other than with oxygen or sulphur atoms in position 2 or 4
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- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
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- A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline
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Abstract
하이드록시화된 네비볼롤 대사산물은 급성 투여 후에 농도 의존적인 양태로 인간 내피세포 표본 유래의 NO 방출을 증가시킨다. 이외에도, 4-하이드록시-6,6'디플루오로가 포함되나 이에 국한되지 않는 네비볼롤 대사산물은 만성 투여 후에 인간 내피세포 내에 NO 방출에 대한 용량을 증가시키는 능력을 보유한다. 본 발명은 심혈관 질환을 치료하기 위한 하이드록시화된 네비볼롤 대사산물을 제공한다. 이외에도, 본 발명은 혈관 질환에 의해 영향을 받는 목표 부위에 치료적으로 유효량의 산화질소를 방출할 수 있는 1 이상의 네비볼롤의 하이드록시화된 대사산물을 투여함으로써 혈관 질환을 치료 및/또는 예방하는 방법을 제공한다.
네비볼롤, 대사산물, 산화질소, 심혈관 질환, 급성 투여
Description
본 출원은 35 USC §119 하에, 2005년 1월 31일 출원된 미국 가출원 제60/648,551호 및 2006년 1월 3일 출원된 미국 가출원 제60/755,856호에 대한 우선권을 주장한다.
기술 분야
네비볼롤(nebivolol)의 대사산물은 다양한 질환, 예컨대, 고혈압, 죽상경화증, 및 울혈성 심부전증이 포함될 수 있는 심혈관 질환(cardiovascular diseases)을 치료하는데 유리할 수도 있는 약리학적 특성을 보유한다. 특히, 네비볼롤 및 이의 주요 대사산물은 β1-선택적 상호작용에 비의존적인 NO 대사에 효과가 있고, 내피(endothelial) NO 방출에 대한 네비볼롤 대사산물의 유리한 효과는 심혈관 장애의 치료에 있어서 네비볼롤의 용도를 암시한다. 본 발명은 하이드록시화된 네비볼롤 대사산물, 적어도 하나의 하이드록실 네비볼롤 대사산물을 함유하는 조성물 및 그러한 조성물을 이용하여 심혈관 질환 또는 장애를 치료 및/또는 예방하는 방법을 기술한다.
내피 산화질소의 정상적인 생성은 혈관 기능의 유지를 위해 중요하다. 내피세포 NO 방출이 증가하면 평활근(smooth muscle) 세포의 신축성 감소 및 저하된 혈관 저항(vascular resistance)을 초래한다. 그러나, 고혈압 및 고지혈증의 상태 하에서 내피의 기능이상은 NO 방출의 현저한 감소를 발생시키며, 그 결과: 1) 증가된 혈관수축 및 혈관경련; 2) 보다 확대된 단핵세포 및 LDL 침윤; 3) 혈관 평활근 세포의 증식; 4) 증가된 산화적 스트레스; 및 5) 혈소판 응집의 증가를 초래한다. 내피의 기능 및 NO 대사를 회복시키는 물질이 심장동맥 질환 및 심장 기능 장애가 포함되는, 다양한 심혈관 장애의 치료에 있어서 유리하다는 것이 제안되어왔다.
발명의 개요
하이드록시화된 네비볼롤 대사산물은 급성 투여(acute administration) 후에 농도 의존적 방식으로 인간 내피세포 표본 유래의 NO 방출을 증가시킨다. 또한, 4-하이드록시-6-6'디플루오로-, 4-하이드록시-5-페놀-6,6'디플루오로-, 및 4-하이드록시-8-페노-6,6'디플루오로-가 포함되나 이에 국한되지는 않는 몇몇 하이드록시화된 네비볼롤 대사산물은 만성 투여(chronic administration) 후에 인간 내피세포 내에 NO 방출 용량을 증가시키는 능력이 있다. 본 발명은 하이드록시화된 네비볼롤 대사산물 및 네비볼롤 및/또는 적어도 하나의 네비볼롤의 하이드록시화된 대사산물 및/또는 심혈관 질환을 치료하는데 이용되는 1 이상의 화합물을 함유하는 조성물 또는 이의 약학적 허용성 염을 제공한다. 이외에도, 본 발명은 혈관 질환에 의해 영향을 받는 목표 부위에 치료적 유료량의 산화질소를 방출할 능력이 있는 1 이상의 네비볼롤의 하이드록시화된 대사산물을 투여함으로써 산화질소의 결핍을 특징으로 하는 혈관 질환을 치료 및/또는 예방하는 방법을 제공한다. 또한, 본 발명은 네비볼롤의 하이드록시화된 대사산물을 1 이상 투여하는 것인 편두통의 치료 및/예방 방법에 관한 것이다. 본 발명은 또한 대사 증후군 장애의 치료와 함께 또는 단일 치료로서 이용될 수도 있다.
도 1: 급성 치료(50μM 치료) 후에 인간 내피세포 유래의 피크(peak) NO 방출에 대한 네비볼롤 및 대사산물의 효과.
도 2: 급성 치료(50μM 치료) 후에 인간 내피세포 유래의 피크 NO 방출에 대한 네비볼롤 및 대사산물의 효과.
도 3: 급성 치료(10μM 치료) 후에 인간 내피세포의 피크 NO 방출에 대한 네비볼롤 및 대사산물의 효과.
도 4: 아세틸클로린(acetylchloline), 네비볼롤 및 네비볼롤 대사산물로 치료(5μM)한 후의 피크 NO 방출을 나타낸 그래프.
도 5: 네비볼롤 대사산물로 급성 치료한 후의 농도-반응 효과를 나타낸 그래프.
도 6: 네비볼롤, 네비볼롤의 거울상이성질체(enantiomer) 및 4-하이드록시 네비볼롤로 급성 치료 후의 농도-반응을 나타낸 그래프.
도 7: 하이드록시화된 네비볼롤을 이용하여 백인(흰색 막대) 및 흑인(검정색 막대) 제공자로부터 분리된 HUVECs의 급성 약물 치료(1.0μM) 후에 측정된 NO 방출량을 나타낸 그래프. 값은 평균 ± S.D.(n=5)
도 8 : 합성될 10개 화합물의 목표 키랄 대사산물-(R,S,S,S) 시리즈-
도 9 : 아민 1의 합성.
도 10 : 에폭사이드(epoxide) 1의 합성.
도 11 : 아민 2의 합성, 제1부.
도 12 : 아민 2의 합성, 제2부.
도 13 : 에폭사이드 2의 합성.
도 14 : 아민 3의 합성.
도 15 : 에폭사이드 3의 합성.
도 16 : 아민 4의 합성.
도 17 : 에폭사이드 4의 합성.
도 18a : 아민-X 및 에폭사이드-Y의 커플링(coupling)으로써 목표하는 하이드록시화된 네비볼롤 대사산물을 생성, 제1부.
도 18b : 아민-X 및 에폭사이드-Y의 커플링으로써 목표하는 하이드록시화된 네비볼롤 대사산물을 생성, 제2부.
발명의 상세한 설명
정의
편의상, 본 발명을 상세히 설명하기에 앞서 본 명세서, 실시예 및 후속 청구의 범위에 이용된 특정 용어들을 여기에 모아 설명한다. 이러한 정의들은 본 명세 서의 다른 부분에 비추어 해석되어야 하고, 당해 기술분야의 숙련자(이하, 당업자라 한다)라면 이해할 수 있는 것이다. 다른 정의가 없는 한, 모든 기술적 및 과학적 용어들은 당업자들이 통상적으로 이해하는 바와 같은 의미를 갖는다.
본 명세서에 사용된 단수의 표현은 그 표현의 문법적 대상이 하나 또는 그 이상(즉, 적어도 하나)인 것을 의미하는 것이다. 일 예로, "요소"는 하나의 요소 또는 하나보다 많은 요소를 의미한다.
"대략 동시에"라는 용어는 환자에게 한 화합물(네비볼롤)을 투여하고 약 30분 내에, 다른 활성 화합물(들)을 환자에게 투여하는 것을 의미한다. "대략 동시에"라는 용어는 또한 화합물의 동시 투여를 의미하기도 한다.
본 명세서에 사용된 "안지오텐신 변환 효소(angiotensin converting enzyme) 억제제" 또는 "ACE 억제제"란 표현은 안지오텐신을 임의의 다른 형태로 변환시키는 임의의 효소를 억제하는 화합물을 의미한다. 안지오텐신 변환 효소(ACE) 억제제
ACE 억제제는 안지오텐신 변환 효소를 경쟁적으로 억제하고 안지오텐신 I의 안지오텐신 II로의 변환을 방지하는 효과적인 항고혈압제이다. ACE 억제제의 비제한적 예에는 알라세프릴(alacepril), 베나제프릴(benazepril), 캡토프릴(captopril), 세로나프릴(ceronapril), 실라자프릴(cilazapril), 델라프릴(delapril), 에날라프릴(enalapril), 에날라프릴라트(enalaprilat), 포시노프릴(fosinopril), 이미다프릴(imidapril), 리시노프릴(lisinopril), 페린도프릴(perindopril), 퀴나프릴(quinapril), 라미프릴(ramipril), 라미프릴라트(ramiprilat), 스피라프릴(spirapril), 테모카프릴(temocapril), 트란돌라프 릴(trandolapril)이 포함된다. 기타 ACE 억제제는 당업자에게 공지된 표준 분석 기법을 이용하여 확인될 수 있을 것이다.
"안지오텐신 II 수용체 길항물질" 또는 "ARB"라는 표현은 안지오텐신 II 상의 수용체 부위에 결합하나 다른 수용체 리간드가 존재하지 않는 한 어떠한 생리적 변화도 유발하지 않는 화합물을 의미한다.
안지오텐신 II 수용체 길항물질(ARB): ARB는 상당히 유리한 부작용 추이를 보이는 효과적인 항고혈압제이다. 이들의 활성 메카니즘은 안지오텐신의 혈관 수축 및 알도스테론-분비 효과의 선택적 차단과 관련이 있다. ARB의 비제한적 예에는 칸데사탄(candesartan), 에프로사탄(eprosartan), 이르베사탄(irbesartan), 로사탄(losartan), 발사탄(valsartan)이 포함된다. 기타 ARB는 당업자에게 공지된 표준 분석 기법을 이용하여 확인될 수 있다.
"길항물질"이라는 용어는 당해 기술분야에서 공인된 것으로서, 수용체 부위에 결합하지만, 다른 수용체 리간드가 존재하지 않는다면 생리적 변화를 일으키지 않는 화합물을 의미한다.
"생체이용성"이란 용어는 당해 기술분야에서 공인된 것으로서, 투여된 양 또는 이의 일부가 투여된 검체 또는 환자에게 흡수되거나, 혼입되거나 또는 다른 방식으로 생리적으로 이용될 수 있게 하는 본 발명의 일 형태를 의미한다.
"흑인"은 아프리카계 혈통의 사람 또는 아프리카계-미국인을 말하는 것이나, 반드시 아프리카 혈통에 제한되는 것은 아니다(예컨대, 캐리비안인(Carribean)).
"치료적 유효량"이라는 용어는 의도한 목적을 달성하기에 효과적인 화합물 및/또는 조성물의 양을 말한다.
"심혈관제" 또는 "심혈관 약"이란 용어는 심혈관 질환의 치료 또는 예방에 유용한 치료 화합물을 의미한다. 적절한 화합물의 비제한적 예에는 (1)티아지드 이뇨제(thiazide diuretics)(클로로티아지드(chlorothiazide)(Diuril), 클로르탈리돈(chlorthalidone), 하이드로클로로티아지드(hydrochlorothiazide), 폴리티아지드(polythiazide)(Renese), 인다파미드(indapamide)(Lozol) 및 메톨라존(metolazone)(Mykrox, Zaroxolyn)이 포함된다); (2) 루프 이뇨제(loop diuretics)(부메타니드(bumetanide)(Bumex) 및 푸로세미드(furosemide)(Lasix), 토세미드(torsemide)(Demadex)가 포함된다); (3) 칼륨-보존 이뇨제(potassium- sparing diuretics)(아밀로리드(amiloride)(Midamor) 및 트리암테렌(triamterene)(Dyrenium)이 포함된다); (4)알도스테론 수용체 차단제(aldosterone receptor blockers)(에플레레논(eplerenone)(Inspra) 및 스피로노락톤(spironolactone)(Aldactone)이 포함된다); (5) 베타 차단제(beta blockers)(아테놀롤(antenolol)(Tenormin), 베탁솔롤(betaxolol)(Kerlone), 비소프롤롤(bisoprolol)(Zebeta), 메토프롤롤(metoprolol)(Lopressor), 확장 방출 메토프롤롤(metoprolol extended release)(Toprol XL), 나돌롤(nadolol)(Corgard), 프로프라놀롤(propranolol)(Inderal), 장기 작용성 프로프라놀롤(propranolol long acting)(Inderal LA) 및 티몰롤(timolol)(Blocadren)이 포함된다); (6) 내재적 교감신경흥분 활성(intrinsic sympathomimetic activity)을 보유한 베타 차단제(beta blocker)(아세부톨롤(acebutolol)(Sectral), 펜부톨롤(penbutolol)(Levatol) 및 핀 돌롤(pindolol)이 포함된다); (7) 혼합 알파 및 베타 차단제(combined alpha and beta blockers)(카베딜롤(carvedilol)(Coreg) 및 라베탈롤(labetalol)(Normodyne, Trandate)이 포함된다); (8) ACE 억제제(베나제프릴(benazepril)(Lotensin), 캡토프릴(captopril)(Capoten), 에날라프릴(enalapril)(Vasotec), 포시노프릴(fosinopril)(Monopril), 리시노프릴(lisinopril)(Prinivil, Zestril), 모엑시프릴(moexipril)(Univasc), 페린도프릴(perindopril)(Aceon), 퀴나프릴(quinapril)(Accupril), 라미프릴(ramipril)(Altace) 및 트란돌라프릴(trandolapril)(Mavik)이 포함된다); (9) 안지오텐신 II 길항물질(칸데사탄(candesartan)(Atacand), 에프로사탄(eprosartan)(Teveten), 이르베사탄(irbesartan)(Avapro), 로사탄(losartan)(Cozaar), 올메사탄(olmesartan)(Benicar), 텔미사탄(telmisartan)(Micardis) 및 발사탄(valsartan)(Diovan)이 포함된다); (10) 비-디하이드로피리딘계 칼슘 통로 차단제(calcium channel blockers-non-dihydropyridines)(확장 방출형 딜티아젬(diltiazem)(Cardizem CD, Dilacor XR, Tiazac), 확장 방출형 딜티아젬(Cardizem LA), 즉시 방출형 베라파밀(verapamil immediate release)(Calan, Isoptin), 장기 작용성 베라파밀(verapamil long acting)(Calan SR, Isoptin SR) 및 Coer-베라파밀 (verapamil-Coer)(Co vera HS, Verelan PM)이 포함된다); (11) 디하이드로피리딘계 칼슘 통로 차단제(암로디핀(amlodipine)(Norvasc), 펠로디핀(felodipine)(Plendil), 이스라디핀(isradipine)(DynaCirc CR), 서방형 니카르디핀(nicardipine)(Cardene SR), 장기 작용성 니페디핀(nifedipine)(Adalat CC, Procardia XL) 및 니솔디핀(nisoldipine)(Sular)이 포함된다); (12) 알파1-차단제(독사조신(doxazosin)(Cardura), 프라조신(prazosin)(Minipress) 및 테라조신(terazosin)(Hytrin)이 포함된다); (13) 중추성 알파2-작동물질(central alpha2-agonists) 및 기타 중추 작용성 약물(클로니딘(clonidine)(Catapres), 클로니딘 패치(clonidine patch)(Catapres-TTS), 메틸도파(methyldopa)(Aldomet), 레세드핀(reserpine), 및 구아파신(guanfacine)이 포함된다); (14) 직접 혈관확장제(direct vasodilators)(히드랄라진(hydralazine)(Apresoline) 및 미녹시딜(minoxidil)(Loniten)이 포함된다); (15) ACEI 및 CCB(염산 암로디핀/베나제프릴(amlodipine/benazepril hydrochloride), 에날라프릴 말레이트/펠로디핀(enalapril maleate/felodipine) 및 트란돌라프릴/베라파밀(trandolapril/verapamil)이 포함된다); (16) ACEI 및 이뇨제(베나제프릴/하이드로클로로티아지드(benazepril/hydrochlorothiazide), 캡토프릴/하이드로클로로티아지드(captopril/hydrochlorothiazide), 에날라프릴 말레이트/하이드로클로로티아지드, 리시노프릴/하이드로클로로티아지드, 모엑시프릴 HCl/하이드로클로로티아지드 및 퀴나프릴/하이드로클로로티아지드가 포함된다); (17) ARB 및 이뇨제(칸데사탄 실레세틸/하이드로클로로티아지드(candesartan cilexetil/hydrochlorothiazide), 에프로사탄 메실레이트/하이드로클로로티아지드(eprosartan mesylate/hydrochlorothiazide), 일베사르탄/하이드로클로로티아지드(irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide), 로사르탄 칼륨/하이드로클로로티아지드, 텔 미사르탄/하이드로클로로티아지드, 발사르탄/하이드로클로로티아지드가 포함된다); (18) 베타 차단제 및 이뇨제(아테놀롤/클로르탈리돈(atenolol/chlorthalidone), 비소프롤롤 푸마레이트/하이드로클로로티아지드(bisoprolol fumarate/hydrochlorothiazide), 메토프롤롤 타르트레이트/하이드로클로로티아지드(metoprolol tartrate/ hydrochlorothiazide), 나돌롤/벤드로플루티아지드(nadolol/bendrofluthiazide) 및 티몰롤 말레이트/하이드로클로로티아지드(timolol maleate/hydrochlorothiazide)가 포함됨); (19) 중추 작용성 약물 및 이뇨제(메틸도파/하이드로클로로티아지드(methyldopa/hydrochlorothiazide), 레세르핀/클로로티아지드(reserpine/chlorothiazide) 및 레세르핀/하이드로클로로티아지드(reserpine/hydrochlorothiazide)가 포함된다); (20) 이뇨제 및 이뇨제(아밀로리드 HCl/하이드로클로로티아지드, 스피로노락톤/하이드로클로로티아지드 및 트리암테린/하이드로클로로티아지드가 포함된다)가 있다.
심혈관 질환 또는 장애는 당업계에 공지된 임의의 심혈관 질환 또는 장애를 의미하는 것으로서, 예컨대 울혈성 심부전증, 고혈압, 폐동맥고혈압, 심근 및 뇌경색, 죽상경화증, 죽종형성, 혈전증, 허혈성 심장병, 혈관성형후 재협착증, 관상 동맥 질환, 신부전, 안정형, 불안정형 및 이형(프린쯔메탈) 협심증, 심장부종, 신장 부족증, 신부종, 간부종, 발작, 일과성 허혈발작, 뇌혈관사고, 재협착증, 혈압 제어성 고혈압, 혈소판 부착, 혈소판 응집, 평활근 세포 증식, 폐 부종 및 의료 장치의 사용과 관련된 혈관 합병증으로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 있으나, 이에 국한되는 것은 아니다.
"조합물"이란 용어는 대략 거의 동시에(예컨대, 활성제가 단독 약학 제조물로 조제된 경우) 또는 다른 시기에(예컨대, 하나의 약제를 다른 약제보다 앞서서 검체에 투여하는 경우) 투여되는 2종 이상의 다른 활성제를 의미한다.
"약", "약학적 활성제", "생체활성제", "치료제" 및 "활성제"란 용어는 상호 대체 사용할 수 있는 것으로서, 신체에 대한 측정가능한 유익한 생리적 효과, 예컨대 유효량을 투여했을 때 질환이나 장애의 치료에 치료적 효과 등이 있는 화학적 화합물 또는 복합물(complex)과 같은 물질을 의미한다. 또한, 이러한 용어들이 사용될 때, 또는 특정 활성제가 명칭이나 카테고리로 구체적으로 언급되는 경우에, 그러한 언급은 활성제 자체 뿐만 아니라 이의 약학적 허용성, 약리학적 활성 유도체, 또는 유의적으로 관련 있는 화합물, 예컨대 염, 약학적 허용성 염, N-산화물, 프로드럭, 활성 대사산물, 이성질체, 단편, 유사체, 용매화 수화물, 방사성동위원소 등(이에 국한되지 않는다)을 포함하는 것으로 간주되어야 함은 자명한 것이다.
"유효량"이란 용어는 임의의 치료에 적용될 수 있는 적당한 유익/유해 비율의 일부 바람직한 국소 또는 전신 효과를 생산하는 물질의 양을 의미한다. 이러한 물질의 유효량은 치료받는 검체 및 질환 상태, 검체의 체중 및 연령, 질환 상태의 병도, 투여 방식 등에 따라 달라질 수 있고, 당업자라면 쉽게 결정할 수 있는 것이다.
"내피 기능이상"이란 용어는 내피에 의해 수행되는 임의의 생리적 과정, 구체적으로 원인에 상관없는 산화질소의 생산 등의 능력 손상을 의미한다. 이것은 예를 들어 침습 기술, 예컨대 아세틸콜린 또는 메타콜린에 대한 관상동맥 반응성 등, 또는 비침습 기술, 예컨대 혈류 측정, 팔꿈치 위 또는 아래에서 팔의 커프스 폐색을 이용한 상완 동맥류 확장, 상완 동맥 초음파촬영술, 영상화 기술, 혈행 생체마커, 예컨대 비대칭 디메틸아르기닌(ADMA)의 측정 등을 통해 평가될 수 있다. 비침습 측정에서, 내피 의존적 흐름 매개 확장은 내피 기능이상 진단을 받은 환자에서는 더 저하될 것이다.
"내피 산화질소 신타아제" 또는 "eNOS"는 산화질소를 생산하는 효소를 의미한다.
"약학적 허용성 염"이란 표현은 당업계에 공인된 것으로서, 예컨대 본 발명의 조성물에 함유되는 것과 같은 화합물을 포함하는 비교적 비독성인 무기 및 유기 산 부가 염을 의미한다.
"약학적 허용성 담체"란 용어는 당업계에 공인된 것으로서, 한 기관이나 신체 일부에서부터 다른 기관이나 신체 일부로 임의의 당해 조성물 또는 이의 성분을 운반 또는 이송하는데 관여하는 약학적 허용성 물질, 조성물 또는 부형제, 예컨대 액체 또는 고체 충전제, 희석제, 첨가제, 용매 또는 캡슐화 물질을 의미한다. 각 담체는 당해 조성물 및 이의 성분과 상용성이며 환자에게 유해하지 않다는 점에서 허용성이어야 한다. 약학적 허용성 첨가제로서 작용할 수 있는 물질의 일부 예에는 (1) 당, 예컨대 락토스, 글루코스 및 수크로스; (2) 전분, 예컨대 옥수수 전분 및 감자 전분; (3) 셀룰로스 및 이의 유도체, 예컨대 소듐 카르복시메틸 셀룰로스, 에틸 셀룰로스 및 셀룰로스 아세테이트; (4) 분말화된 트라가칸트; (5) 맥아; (6) 젤라틴; (7) 탈크(talc); (8) 코코아 버터 및 좌약용 왁스와 같은 첨가제; (9) 땅콩 유, 면실유, 홍화유, 참깨유, 올리브유, 옥수수유 및 대두유와 같은 오일; (10) 글리콜, 예컨대 프로필렌 글리콜; (11) 폴리올, 예컨대 글리세린, 소르비톨, 만니톨 및 폴리에틸렌 글리콜; (12) 에스테르, 예컨대 에틸 올레이트 및 에틸 라우레이트; (13) 아가; (14) 완충화제, 예컨대 수산화마그네슘 및 수산화알루미늄; (15) 알긴산; (16) 발열원 제거수; (17) 등장성 식염수; (18) IV 수액, 예컨대 링거액, 5% 덱스트로스 수용액 및 1/2 생리식염수(이에 국한되지 않는다); (19) 에틸 알콜; (20) 인산염 완충 용액; 및 (21) 약학 제제에 이용되는 다른 비독성 상용성 물질이 포함된다.
"환자"란 동물, 바람직하게는 포유류, 가장 바람직하게는 인간을 의미하는 것이며, 남성 및 여성을 포함한다.
"삶의 질"이란 사람의 걷기, 계단 오르기, 용건의 처리, 집 주변에서 일하기, 리크레이션 활동에 참가 능력 및/또는 일과 중 휴식을 취하지 않는 것, 및/또는 수면 장애 또는 호흡 곤란의 부존재 중 1 이상을 말한다.
"예방적" 또는 "치료적" 치료란 용어는 당업계에 공인된 것으로서, 당해 조성물의 하나 이상을 숙주에게 투여하는 것을 의미한다. 바람직하지 않은 상태(예, 질환 또는 숙주 동물의 다른 바람직하지 않은 상태)의 임상 소견이 있기 전에 투여되면, 그 치료는 예방적이고, 즉 바람직하지 않은 상태의 발생에 대비하여 숙주를 예방하는 것인 반면, 바람직하지 않은 상태의 소견이 있은 후 투여되면, 그 치료는 치료적인 것이다(즉, 존재하는 바람직하지 않은 상태나 이로 인한 부작용을 감소, 개량 또는 유지하기 위한 것이다).
"구조 활성 관계" 또는 "(SAR)"이란 용어는 당업계에 공인된 것으로서, 약이나 다른 화합물의 분자 구조 변경이 수용체, 효소, 핵산 또는 다른 표적 등과의 상호작용을 변경시키는 방식을 의미한다.
"치환" 또는 "으로 치환된"은 이러한 치환이 치환된 원자 또는 치환체의 허용 원자가에 따라 이루어진다는 조건을 내재한 것으로서, 이러한 치환 결과 안정된 화합물, 예컨대 재배열, 고리화, 제거 또는 다른 반응 등에 의한 변형을 자발적으로 일으키지 않는 화합물이 수득된 것으로 이해되어야 할 것이다.
또한, "치환된"이란 용어는 유기 화합물의 허용되는 치환체를 모두 포함하는 것으로 생각되어야 한다. 광범위한 관점에서, 허용되는 치환체에는 유기 화합물의 비고리 및 고리식, 분지형 및 미분지형, 탄소환식 및 헤테로시클릭, 방향족 및 비방향족 치환체가 포함된다. 이러한 치환체의 예에는 앞서 설명한 것이 포함된다. 허용되는 치환체는 1종 이상일 수 있고, 적당한 유기 화합물에 따라 동일하거나 상이한 것일 수 있다. 본 발명의 목적 상, 질소와 같은 헤테로원자는 수소 치환체 및/또는 헤테로원자의 원자가를 충족시키는 본 명세서에 기술된 유기 화합물의 임의의 허용되는 치환체를 보유할 수 있다. 본 발명은 이러한 유기 화합물의 허용되는 치환체에 의해 어떠한 방식으로든지 제한되는 것으로 간주되어서는 아니 된다.
"합성"이란 용어는 당업계에 공인된 것으로서, 시험관내 화학적 또는 효소적 합성에 의한 생산을 의미한다.
"치료 효과"는 당업계에 공인된 것으로서, 약리학적 활성 물질에 의해 동물, 특히 포유동물, 더욱 특히 사람에서 일어나는 국소 또는 전신 효과를 의미한다. 즉, 이 용어는 동물이나 사람에서 질환의 진단, 치유, 완화, 치료 또는 예방이나, 또는 바람직한 신체적 또는 정신적 발달 및/또는 상태의 증강에 사용하기 위한 임의의 물질을 의미한다. "치료적 유효량"이란 표현은 임의의 치료에 적용할 수 있는, 적당한 유익/유해 비율의 일부 바람직한 국소 또는 전신 효과를 생산하는 물질의 양을 의미한다. 이러한 물질의 치료적 유효량은 치료받는 검체 및 질환 상태, 검체의 체중 및 연령, 질환 상태의 병도, 투여 방식 등에 따라 달라질 수 있고, 당업자라면 쉽게 측정할 수 있는 것이다.
"치료하는"이란 용어는 당업계에 공인된 것으로서, 임의의 상태 또는 질환의 적어도 하나의 증후군을 치유할 뿐만 아니라 개량시키는 것을 의미한다.
본 명세서에 사용되는 "대사산물" 또는 "네비볼롤 대사산물"이라는 용어는 3 - 8 및 3′- 8′위치 중 1 이상에 하이드록시 치환된 것을 포함하는데, 여기서 네비볼롤 화합물의 모체 상에 나타낸 위치 3 - 8 및 3′- 8′은 각각 독립적으로 하이드록시 그룹일 수 있고, 동시에 위치 3 - 8 및 3′- 8′은 각각 독립적으로 플루오르와 같은 할로겐 원자일 수 있거나, 또는 각각 독립적으로 수소원자일 수 있다. 예를 들어, 화합물은 4, 4′, 5, 5′, 8, 또는 8′위치에 모노-하이드록시화 및 6 및 6′위치에 디-플루오르화될 수 있다. 또 다른 예에서, 화합물은 또한 4, 5′; 4′, 5; 4,8′; 4′,8′위치에 디-하이드록시화 및 이 모든 경우에 6 및 6′위치에 디-플루오르화될 수 있다. 본 발명은 그 범주에 모든 그러한 구조 이성질체 및 입체이성질체 및 이들의 혼합물, 및 명백하게 기술되지 않은 이성질체 및 혼합물을 계획 및 포함한다. "대사산물" 및 "네비볼롤 대사산물"이라는 용어는 그 범주에 그 러한 구조 이성질체 및 입체이성질체 및 이들의 혼합물, 및 명백하게 기술되지 않은 것들도 모두 계획 및 포함하는 것이다.
"치료 효과"는 당업계에 공인된 것으로서, 약리학적 활성 물질에 의해 동물, 특히 포유동물, 더욱 특히 사람에서 일어나는 국소 또는 전신 효과를 의미한다. 즉, 이 용어는 동물이나 사람에서 질환의 진단, 치유, 완화, 치료 또는 예방이나, 또는 바람직한 신체적 또는 정신적 발달 및/또는 상태의 증강에 사용하기 위한 임의의 물질을 의미한다. "치료적 유효량"이란 표현은 임의의 치료에 적용할 수 있는, 적당한 유익/유해 비율의 일부 바람직한 국소 또는 전신 효과를 생산하는 물질의 양을 의미한다. 이러한 물질의 치료적 유효량은 치료받는 검체 및 질환 상태, 검체의 체중 및 연령, 질환 상태의 병도, 투여 방식 등에 따라 달라질 수 있고, 당업자라면 쉽게 측정할 수 있는 것이다.
모체 네비볼롤 화합물 및 이의 하이드록시화된 대사산물은 예컨대, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,654,362, 5,759,580, 6,075,046, 6,545,040 및 EP 0 145 067, EP 0 334429, 및 WO 95/22325 및 WO 96/19987; 문헌[Van Lommen et al., J. Pharm. Belg., 45(6): 355-360 (1990)]; 문헌[Chandrasekhar, S. et al., Tetrahedron, 56(34): 6339-6344 (2000)]; 및 문헌[Kendrick et al., J. Chromatogram. A., 729: 341-354 (1996)]에 기술되어 있는 방법에 따라 당업자에 의해 합성될 수 있으며; 각각의 문헌에 개시된 것은 본원에 참고인용되어 있다.
하이드록시화된 대사산물은 또한 부록 1에서 알 수 있는 합성 절차에 의해 제조될 수 있다. 반응은 시약에 적당한 용매에서 수행되며, 사용되는 물질은 효과 적일 것인 치환에 적절하다. 분자 내에 작용기의 존재가 제안되는 화학적 치환과 일치되어야 한다는 것은 유기합성 기술분야의 당업자에게는 이해될 것이다. 때때로, 이를 위하여 합성 단계의 순서, 필요한 보호기, 및 탈보호 조건 등을 과학자에게 판단하게끔 하는 것이 필요하게 될 것이다. 개시 물질 상의 치환체는 기술된 임의의 방법에 요구되는 임의의 반응 조건과 불합치할 수 있으나, 반응조건과 합치하는 대안적인 방법 및 치환체가 당업자에게는 쉽게 명백하게될 것이다. 황 및 산소 보호기의 사용은 합성 과정 중에 불필요한 반응에 대하여 티올 그룹 및 알콜 그룹으로 보호하는 것이 당해 기술분야에 공지되어 있으며, 그러한 많은 보호기가 알려져 있는데, 예를 들어 본원에 그 전부가 참고인용된 문헌[T. H. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1999)]에서 볼 수 있다.
하이드록시화된 대사산물은 염기성의 성질을 보유하며, 그 결과, 이들은 적절한 산, 예를 들어 할로겐화수소산(hydrohalic acid), 예컨대 염화수소산, 브롬화수소산 및 이의 유사체, 및 황산, 질산, 인산 및 이의 유사체와 같은 무기산; 또는 아세트산, 프로판산, 하이드록시아세트산, 2-하이드록시프로판산, 2-옥소프로판산, 에탄디산(ethanedioic acid), 프로판디산(propanedioic acid), 부탄디산(butanedioic acid), (Z)-2-부텐디산, (E)-2-부텐디산, 2-하이드록시부탄디산, 2,3-디하이드록시부탄디산, 2-하이드록시-1,2,3-프로판-트리카르복시산, 메탄설폰산(methanesulfonic acid), 에탄설폰산, 벤젠설폰산, 4-메틸벤젠설폰산, 시클로헥산설팜산(cyclohexanesulfamic acid), 2-하이드록시벤조산, 4-아미노-2-하이드록시 벤조산 및 이와 유사한 산과 같은 유기산으로 처리함으로써 치료적으로 활성인 이들의 비독성 산 부가 염으로 전환될 수도 있다.
하이드록시화된 네비볼롤 대사산물
네비볼롤의 하이드록시화된 대사산물은 (만성) 투여 후에 인간의 내피세포 내 NO 방출 용량을 증가시키는 능력이 있다. 이론으로 제한하려는 것은 아니나, 네비볼롤의 하이드록시화된 대사산물은 L-아르기닌/산화질소 경로의 활성화를 통하여 기능하는 것으로 생각된다. 이들은 추가적인 심장특이적(즉, 베타 특이적) 차단 능력이 있는 내피세포-의존성 혈관확장제인데, 이는 내피세포 기능을 유지하거나 내피세포의 기능이상을 개선시키는 잠재력을 보유하고, 죽상경화증, 고혈압, 관상동맥 질환 및 울혈성 심부전증과 같은 심혈관 질환의 치료에 효과적인 약제이다. 하이드록시화된 네비볼롤 대사산물은 상기 언급한 장애를 치료 또는 예방하기 위한 단일요법으로서 사용될 수 있거나 또는 상기 언급한 장애를 적절하게 치료/예방하기 위해 동일한 투약 형태/제품으로 또는 분리된 투약 형태/제품으로서 동시에 투여하는 적절한 약제와 함께 이용될 수 있다. 이러한 화합물은 내피 산화질소의 농도를 증가시키는 능력이 있기 때문에, 이들은 당뇨병자, 만성 흡연자, 흑인, 급성 관상동맥 증후군(ACS), 관상동맥 심장질환(CHD), 대사증후군을 가진 환자와 같은 특별한 사람들 및 비만으로 고생하는 사람들에 있어서 추가적인 이점을 보유할 수도 있다.
네비볼롤의 하이드록시화된 대사산물에 대한 직접적인 내피계 편익(endothelial benefit)은 250nM만큼 낮은 농도에서 관찰되었다. NO를 방출하는 세포의 능력을 증강시킴으로써, 이러한 네비볼롤 대사산물은 강한 혈관확장 효과 및 고혈합과 관계된 내피계 기능에 있어서 기형을 회복할 능력을 가질 수도 있다. 추가적으로, 이러한 대사산물은 흑인과 같은 심혈관 질환에 노출되기 쉬운 특정의 사람들에 있어서 뚜렷한 영향을 줄 잠재성을 보유하며, 이러한 대사산물은 250nM만큼 낮은 농도에서 HUVEC(인간제대정맥 내피세포(Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells))에 영향을 줄 수 있다.
하이드록시화된 네비볼롤 대사산물은 화학식 (I)로 표현되는데,
상기 식에서, 네비볼롤 모체 화합물 상의 3 - 8 및 3′- 8′위치는 각각 독립적으로 하이드록시 그룹일 수 있으며(그리고 이들 중 적어도 하나는 -OH이다), 동시에 3 - 8 및 3′- 8′위치는 플루오르와 같은 할로겐 원자, 또는 각각 독립적으로 수소 원자일 수 있다. 예를 들어, 화합물은 4, 4′, 5, 5′, 8, 또는 8′위치에 모노-하이드록시화 및 6 및 6′위치에 디-플루오르화될 수 있다. 또 다른 예에서, 화합물은 또한 4, 5′; 4′, 5; 4,8′; 4',8 또는 4′,8′위치에 디-하이드록시화 및 이 모든 경우에 6 및 6′위치에 디-플루오르화될 수 있다. 본 발명은 그 범주에 모든 그러한 구조 이성질체 및 입체이성질체 및 이들의 혼합물, 및 명백하게 기술되 지 않은 이성질체 및 혼합물을 예상 및 포함한다.
하이드록시화된 네비볼롤 대사산물은 광학적으로 순수한 거울상 이성질체, 순수한 부분입체이성질체, 거울상이성질체의 혼합물, 부분이체이성질체의 혼합물, 거울상이성질체의 라세미혼합물, 부분입체이성질체의 라세메이트(racemate) 또는 부분입체이성질체의 라세메이트의 혼합물로 존재한다는 것은 이해될 것이다. 화합물은 최소한 4개의 입체중심을 보유하고, 만일 피란 고리(들)이 하이드록시 작용기로 치환된다면, 화합물은 최소 5개의 입체중심을 보유한다는 것이 이해될 것이다. 본 발명은 입체이성질체의 모든 조합을 예상한다.
예를 들어, 하이드록시-치환 네비볼롤 대사산물인 4,5'-디하이드록시-6,6'-디플루오로-, 4,8'-디하이드록시-6,6'-디플루오로- 및 4-하이드록시-6,6'-디플루오로-는 급성 투여 후에 농도 의존적인 방식으로 인간의 내피세포 유래의 NO 방출을 증가시킨다. 예를 들어, 4,5'-디하이드록시-6,6'-디플루오로-, 및 4,8'-디하이드록시-6,6'-디플루오로-는 50μM 약물 농도에서 최대 약 330-350nM의 NO를 나타내는, NO 방출의 작동물질이다(도 1 및 도 2 참조). 네비볼롤의 하이드록시화된 대사산물은 항산화제로 기능하고 지질의 과산화를 예방하는 것으로 생각된다.
네비볼롤을
함유하는 조성물
부분적으로, 본 발명은 네비볼롤 대사산물 및 1종 이상의 다른 심혈관제를 함유하는 것을 특징으로 한다. 이외에도, 본 발명은 네비볼롤 대사산물 및 1종 이상의 다른 활성제를 함유하는 조성물을 특징으로 한다. 본 조성물에 존재하는 각 심혈관제의 양은 연령, 체중, 성별 및 건강 관련 문제와 같은 다양한 변수에 따라 달라질 수 있다. 일반적으로, 심혈관제의 투약량은 일반적으로 약 0.01ng 내지 약 10g/kg(체중) 범위이고, 특히 약 1ng 내지 약 0.1g/kg(체중) 범위, 더 특히 약 100ng 내지 약 10mg/kg(체중) 범위이다. 다른 구체예에 따르면, 본 발명의 조성물에 존재하는 네비볼롤의 양은 약 0.125mg 내지 약 40mg 범위 중 임의의 함량일 수 있다. 다른 심혈관제가 ACE 억제제인 경우, 이러한 ACE 억제제의 양은 0.5mg 내지 약 80mg 범위 중 임의의 함량일 수 있다. 다른 심혈관제가 ARB인 경우에는 이러한 ARB의 양은 약 1mg 내지 약 1200mg 범위 중 임의의 함량일 수 있다, 다른 심혈관제의 양은 부분적으로 사용된 특정 심혈관제에 따라 달라진다.
ACE 억제제 및 ARB 외에, 또 다른 심혈관제에는 아드레날린 차단제, 아드레날린 작동물질, 크롬친화세포종 약제, 항협심증제, 항부정맥제, 항혈소판제, 항응고제, 항고혈압제, 항고지혈증제, 항당뇨제, 소염제, 칼슘 통로 차단제, CETP 억제제, COX-2 억제제, 직접 트롬빈 억제제, 이뇨제, 엔도텔린 수용체 길항물질, HMG Co-A 환원효소 억제제, 수축촉진제, 레닌 억제제, 혈관확장제, 혈관수축제, AGE 가교 붕괴제(진행성 글리코실화 최종 산물 가교 붕괴제, 예컨대 알라게브리움(alagebrium), USP 6,458,819 참조) 및 AGE 형성 억제제(진행성 글리코실화 최종 산물 형성 억제제, 예컨대 피마게딘(pimagedine))가 포함되나, 이에 국한되는 것은 아니다. 이러한 일반적인 카테고리에 속하는 심혈관제는 다음 문헌["Angiotensin I Converting Enzymes(ACE's) and Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists(ARB's)"]에 예시되어 있다.
"안지오텐신 II 수용체 길항물질"(ARB's)은 안지오텐신 II 수용체에 결합하 고 그 활성을 방해하여 안지오텐신 II의 활성을 방해하는 화합물이다. 안지오텐신 I 및 안지오텐신 II는 효소적 레닌-안지오텐신 경로에 의해 합성된다. 합성 과정은 레닌 효소가 혈장의 유사글로불린인 안지오텐시노겐에 작용할 때 개시되어 데카펩타이드 안지오텐신 I을 생산한다. 안지오텐신 I은 안지오텐신 변환 효소(ACE)에 의해 안지오텐신 II(안지오텐신-[1-8]옥타펩타이드)로 변환된다. 이 안지오텐신 II는 다양한 포유동물 종, 예컨대 사람에서 여러 유형의 고혈압의 원인 인자로서 연루된 활성 승압제 물질이다.
안지오텐신 II 수용체 길항물질(ARB's)은 공지되어 있고, 그 예에는 펩타이드 화합물 및 비펩타이드 화합물이 있다. 대부분의 안지오텐신 II 수용체 길항물질은 8번 위치의 페닐알라닌이 일부 다른 아미노산으로 교체되어 작동물질 활성이 약화된 약간 변형된 협동작용물이며; 생체내 변성을 지연시키는 다른 교체를 통해 안정성이 증강될 수 있다.
안지오텐신 II 수용체 길항물질의 예에는 펩타이드 화합물(예, 사라라신 및 관련 유사체); N-치환된 이미다졸-2-온(미국 특허 5,087,634); 이미다졸 아세테이트 유도체, 예컨대 2-N-부틸-4-클로로-1-(2-클로로벤질)이미다졸-5-아세트산(Long et al., J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 247(1), 1-7(1988)); 4,5,6,7-테트라하이드로-1H-이미다졸[4,5-c]피리딘-6-카르복시산 및 유사 유도체(미국 특허 4,816,463); N2-테트라졸 베타-글루쿠로나이드 유사체(미국 특허 5,085,992); 치환된 피롤, 피라졸 및 트리아졸(미국 특허 5,081,127); 페놀 및 헤테로시클릭 유도체, 예컨대 1,3-이미다졸(미국 특허 5,073,566); 이미다조 융합된 7원 고리 헤테로사이클(미국 특허 5,064,825); 펩타이드(미국 특허 4,772,684); 안지오텐신 II에 대한 항체(예, 미국 특허 4,302,386); 및 아르알킬 이미다졸 화합물, 예컨대 비페닐-메틸 치환된 이미다졸(예, EP 253,310, 1988.1.20.); ES8891(N-모르폴리노아세틸-(1-나프틸)-L-알라닐-(4, 티아졸릴)-L-알라닐 (35,45)-4-아미노-3-하이드록시-5-시클로-헥사펜타노일-N-헥실아미드, Sankyo Company, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan); SKF108566(E-알파-2-[2-부틸-1-(카르복시 페닐)메틸]1H-이미다졸-5-일[메틸란]-2-티오펜프로판산, Smith Kline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Pa.); 로사탄(DUP753/MK954, DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Company); 레미키린(RO42-5892, F. Hoffman LaRoche A G); A2 작동물질(Marion Merrill Dow) 및 특정 비펩타이드 헤테로사이클(G.D. Searle and Company)이 있다. ARB의 다른 비제한적 예에는 칸데사탄(candesartan), 에프로사탄(eprosartan), 이르베사탄(irbesartan), 로사탄(losartan) 및 발사탄(valsartan)이 있다. 다른 ARB는 당업자에게 공지된 표준 분석 기술을 사용하여 확인할 수 있다.
"안지오텐신 변환 효소"(ACE)는 안지오텐신 I의 안지오텐신 II로의 변환을 촉매하는 효소이다. ACE 억제제에는 아미노산 및 이의 유도체, 펩타이드, 예컨대 디펩타이드 및 트리펩타이드, 및 레닌-안지오텐신 시스템에 개입하여 ACE 활성을 억제함으로써 승압제 물질 안지오텐신 II의 형성을 감소시키거나 제거하는 ACE에 대한 항체가 있다. ACE 억제제는 의학적으로 고혈압, 울혈성 심부전, 심근경색 및 신장 질환을 치료하는데 사용되어 왔다. ACE 억제제로 유용한 것으로 알려진 화합물의 그룹에는 아실머캅토 및 머캅토알카노일 프롤린, 예컨대 캅토프릴(미국 특허 4,105,776) 및 조페노프릴(미국 특허 4,316,906); 카르복시알킬 디펩타이드, 예컨대 에날라프릴(미국 특허 4,374,829), 리시노프릴(미국 특허 4,374,829), 퀴나프릴(미국 특허 4,344,949), 라미프릴(미국 특허 4,587,258) 및 페린도프릴(미국 특허 4,508,729); 카르복시알킬 디펩타이드 모방체, 예컨대 실라자프릴(미국 특허 4,512,924) 및 베나자프릴(미국 특허 4,410,520), 포스피닐알카노일 프롤린, 예컨대 포시노프릴(미국 특허 4,337,201) 및 트란돌로프릴이 있다. ACE 억제제의 다른 비제한적 예에는 알라세프릴, 베나제프릴, 캅토프릴, 세로나프릴, 실라자프릴, 델라프릴, 에날라프릴, 에날라프릴라트, 포시노프릴, 이미다프릴, 리시노프릴, 페린도프릴, 퀴나프릴, 라미프릴, 라미프릴라트, 스피라프릴, 테모카프릴, 트란돌라프릴이 있으나, 이에 국한되는 것은 아니다.
다른 활성제에는 또한 하기의 제제가 포함된다:
아드레날린 차단제
본 발명의 조성물에 사용될 수 있는 아드레날린 차단제, α- 및 β-아드레날린 차단제 모두의 비제한적 예에는 베타-아드레날린 수용체 차단제, 예컨대 아테놀롤, 아세부톨롤, 알프레놀롤, 베푸놀롤, 베탁솔롤, 부니트롤롤, 카르테올롤, 셀리프롤롤, 헤드록살롤, 인데놀롤, 라베탈롤, 레보부놀롤, 메핀돌롤, 메티프라놀, 메틴돌, 메토프롤롤, 메트리조라놀롤, 옥스프레놀롤, 핀돌롤, 프로프라놀롤, 프락톨롤, 소탈롤나돌롤, 티프레놀롤, 토마롤롤, 티몰롤, 부프라놀롤, 펜부톨롤, 트리메프라놀, 요힘빈, 2-(3-(1,1-디메틸에틸)-아미노-2-하이드록시프로폭시)-3-피리덴카르보니트릴HCl, 1-부틸아미노-3-(2,5-디클로로페녹시)-2-프로판올, 1-이소프로필아 미노-3-(4-(2-시클로프로필메톡시에틸)페녹시)-2-프로판올, 3-이소프로필아미노-1-(7-메틸인단-4-일옥시)-2-부탄올, 2-(3-t-부틸아미노-2-하이드록시-프로필티오)-4-(5-카르바모일-2-티에닐)티아졸, 7-(2-하이드록시-3-t-부틸아민프로폭시)프탈라이드가 있으나, 이에 국한되는 것은 아니다. 이러한 화합물들은 이성질체 혼합물로서 또는 각각의 좌선성 또는 우선성 형태로 사용될 수 있다.
아드레날린 작동물질
본 발명의 조성물에 사용될 수 있는 아드레날린 작동물질, α- 및 β-아드레날린 작동물질 모두의 비제한적 예에는 아드라피닐, 아드레날론, 알부테롤, 아미데프린, 아프라클로니딘, 비톨테롤, 부드랄라진, 카부테롤, 클렌부테롤, 클로니딘, 클로르프레날린, 클로니딘, 시클로펜타민, 데노파민, 데토미딘, 디메토프린, 디옥세테드린, 디피베프린, 도펙사민, 에페드린, 에피네프린, 에타페드린, 에틸노르에피네프린, 페노테롤, 페녹사졸린, 포르모테롤, 구아나벤즈, 구안파신, 헥소프레날린, 하이드록시암페타민, 이보파민, 인다나졸린, 이소에타린, 이소메텝텐, 이소프로테레놀, 마부테롤, 메펜터민, 메타프로테레놀, 메타라미놀, 메타졸린, 메톡사민, 메틸헥산아민, 메톡시페나민, 미도드린, 모다피닐, 목소니딘, 나파졸린, 노르에피네프린, 노르페네프린, 옥토드린, 옥토파민, 옥시페드린, 옥시메타졸린, 페닐에프린 염산염, 페닐프로판올아민 염산염, 페닐프로필메틸아민, 폴레드린, 피르부테롤 프레날테롤, 프로카테롤, 프로필헥세드린, 프로토킬롤, 슈도에페드린, 레프로테롤, 릴메니딘, 리미테롤, 리토드린, 살메테롤, 솔테레놀, 시네프린, 탈리펙솔, 터부탈린, 테트라하이드로졸린, 티아메니딘, 트라마졸린, 트레토퀴놀, 투아미노헵탄, 툴 로부테롤, 티마졸린, 티라민, 자모테롤, 자일로메타졸린 및 이의 혼합물이 있다.
크롬친화세포종 약제
화학치료제 등이 포함된다.
항협심증제
암로디핀 베실레이트, 암로디핀 말리에이트, 베탁솔롤 염산염, 베반톨롤 염산염, 부토프로진 염산염, 카베딜롤, 시네파제트 말리에이트, 메토프롤롤 숙시네이트, 몰시도민, 모나테필 말리에이트, 니트레이트(예컨대, 글리세릴 트리니트레이트(GTN, 니트로글리세린, 니트로-Bid), 이소소르비드-5-모노니트레이트(5-ISMN, Ismo), 아밀 니트레이트 및 니코란딜(Icorel)이 있으나, 이에 국한되는 것은 아니다), 프리미돌롤, 라놀라진 염산염, 토시펜, 베라파밀 염산염이 포함되나, 이에 국한되는 것은 아니다).
항부정맥제
본 발명의 조성물에 사용될 수 있는 항부정맥제의 비제한적 예에는 아세부톨롤, 아세카이니드, 아데노신, 아즈말린, 알프레놀롤, 아미오다론, 아모프록산, 아프린딘, 아프로티놀롤, 아테놀롤, 아지밀리드, 베반톨롤, 비디소미드, 브레틸륨 토실레이트, 부쿠몰롤, 부테톨롤, 부나프틴, 부니트롤롤, 부프라놀롤, 부티드린 염산염, 부토벤딘, 카포벤산, 카라졸롤, 카테올로, 시펜린, 클로라놀롤, 디소피라미드, 도페틸리드, 엔카이니드, 에스몰롤, 플레카이니드, 하이드로퀴니딘, 이부틸리드, 인데카이니드, 인데놀롤, 이프라트로퓸 브로마이드, 리도카인, 로라즈민로르카이니드, 메오벤틴, 멕실레틴, 모리시진, 나독솔롤, 니페나올롤, 옥스프레놀롤, 펜부톨 롤, 펜티소미드, 필시카이니드, 핀돌롤, 피르메놀, 프랙톨롤, 프라즈말린(prajmaline), 프로카인아미드 염산염, 프로네탈롤, 프로파페논, 프로프라놀롤, 피리놀린, 퀴니딘, 세마틸리드, 소탈롤, 탈리놀롤, 틸리솔롤, 티몰롤, 토카이니드, 베라파밀, 비퀴딜, 지베놀롤 및 이의 혼합물이 있다.
항혈소판제
본 발명의 조성물에 사용될 수 있는 항혈소판제의 비제한적 예에는 클로피도그렐, 디피리다몰, 아브식사마브 및 티클로디핀이 있다.
항응고제
항응고제는 응혈 형성에 필수적인 인자의 생산, 침전, 절단 및/또는 활성화에 반대 영향을 미쳐 응고 경로를 억제하는 약제이다. 본 발명의 조성물에 사용될 수 있는 항응고제(즉, 응고 관련 치료)의 비제한적 예에는 아그레녹스, 아그릴린, 아미카, 안투란, 아릭스트라, 쿠마딘, 프라그민, 헤파린 소듐, 로베녹스, 메피톤, 미라돈, 퍼산틴, 플라빅스, 플레탈, 티클리드, 트렌탈, 와파린이 있다. 다른 "항응제" 및/또는 "섬유소용해" 약제에는 플라스미노겐(프리칼리크레인, 키니노겐스, XII 인자, XIIIa 인자, 플라스미노겐 전활성체 및 조직 플라스미노겐 활성체[TPA]의 상호작용을 통해 플라스민으로) 스트렙토키나제; 유로키나제; 아니소일레이티드 플라스미노겐-스트렙토키나제 활성체 복합체; 프로유로키나제(Pro-UK); rTPA(알테플라제 또는 악티바제; r은 재조합체를 의미한다); rPro-UK; 압보키나제; 에미나제; 스렙타제 아나글레리드 염산염; 비발리루딘; 달테파린 나트륨; 다나파로이드 나트륨; 다족시벤 염산염; 에페가트란 황산염; 에녹사파린 나트륨; 이페트로반; 이 페트로반 나트륨; 틴자파린 나트륨; 레타플라제; 트리페나그렐; 와파린; 덱스트란이 있다.
또 다른 항응고제에는 안크로드; 항응고제 구연산염 덱스트로스 용액; 항응고제 구연산염 인산염 덱스트로스 아데닌 용액; 항응고제 구연산염 인산염 덱스트로스 용액; 항응고제 헤파린 용액; 항응고제 구연산나트륨 용액; 아르데파린 나트륨; 비발리루딘; 브로민디온; 달테파린 나트륨; 데시루딘; 디쿠마롤; 헤파린 칼슘; 헤파린 나트륨; 리아폴레이트 나트륨; 나파모스타트 메실레이트; 펜프로쿠몬; 틴자파린 나트륨이 있으나, 이에 국한되는 것은 아니다.
혈소판 기능의 억제제는 정상적인 생리학적 역할(즉, 정상 기능)을 수행하는 성숙 혈소판의 능력을 손상시키는 약제이다. 혈소판은 일반적으로 다수의 생리적 과정, 예컨대 세포 및 비세포 실체 등에 대한 부착, 응혈 형성 등을 위한 응집 및 성장 인자(예, 혈소판 유래 성장 인자(PDGF)) 및 혈소판 과립 성분과 같은 인자의 방출 등에 관여한다. 혈소판 기능 억제제의 한 서브카테고리는 스스로 물리적 결합을 하거나 다른 세포 및 비세포 성분과 물리적 결합을 하는 혈소판의 능력을 감소 또는 정지시켜 혈전을 형성하는 혈소판의 능력을 방해하는 화합물인 혈소판 응집 억제제이다.
유용한 혈소판 기능 억제제의 예에는 아카데신, 아나그렐리드(10mg/일 초과 용량으로 투여 시), 아니파밀, 아르가트로반, 아스피린, 클로피도그렐, 시클로옥시게나제 억제제, 예컨대 비스테로이드성 소염제 및 합성 화합물 FR-122047, 다나파로이드 나트륨, 다족시벤 염산염, 디아데노신 5',5"'-P1,P4-테트라포스페이 트(Ap4A) 유사체, 디피브로티드, 딜라젭 이염산염, 1,2- 및 1,3-글리세릴 디니트레이트, 디피리다몰, 도파민 및 3-메톡시티라민, 에페가트란 설페이트, 에녹사파린 나트륨, 글루카곤, 당단백질 IIb/IIIa 길항물질, 예컨대 Ro-43-8857 및 L-700,462, 이페트로반, 이페트로반 나트륨, 이로프로스트, 인테그릴린(엡티피바티드), 이소카르바시클린 메틸 에스테르, 이소소르비드-5-모노니트레이트, 이타지그렐, 케탄세린 및 BM-13.177, 라미피반, 리파리진, 몰시도민, 니페디핀, 옥사그렐레이트, PGE, 혈소판 활성화 인자 길항물질, 예컨대 렉시파판트, 프로스타시클린(PGI-서브2), 피라진, 피리디놀 카바메이트, 레오프로(즉, 아브식시마브), 설핀피라존, 합성 화합물 BN-50727, BN-52021, CV-4151, E-5510, FK-409, GU-7, KB-2796, KBT-3022, KC-404, KF-4939, OP-41483, TRK-100, TA-3090, TFC-612 및 ZK-36374, 2,4,5,7-테트라티아옥탄, 2,4,5,7-테트라티아옥탄 2,2-디옥사이드, 2,4,5-트리티아헥산, 테오필린, 펜톡시필린, 트롬복산 및 트롬복산 합성효소 억제제, 예컨대 피코타미드 및 술로트로반, 티클로피딘, 티로피반, 트라피딜 및 티클로피딘, 트리페나그렐, 트릴리놀레인, 3-치환된 5,6-비스(4-메톡시페닐)-1,2,4-트리아진 및 당단백질 IIb/IIIa에 대한 항체 및 미국 특허 5,440,020에 개시된 것, 및 항세로토닌 약물, 클로프리도그렐; 설핀피라존; 아스피린; 디피리다몰; 클로피브레이트; 피리디놀 카르바메이트; PGE; 글루카곤; 항세로토닌 약물; 카페인; 테오필린 펜톡시필린; 티클로피딘이 있으나, 이에 국한되는 것은 아니다.
항고혈압제
본 발명의 조성물에 사용될 수 있는 항고혈압제의 비제한적 예에는 암로디 핀, 베니디핀, 베네제프릴, 칸데사탄, 캅토프릴, 다로디핀, 딜리타젬 HCl, 디아족사이드, 독사조신 HCl, 에날라프릴, 에포사탄, 로사탄 메실레이트, 펠로디핀, 페놀도팜, 포세노프릴, 구아나벤즈 아세테이트, 이르베사탄, 이스라디핀, 리시노프릴, 메카밀아민, 미녹시딜, 니카디핀 HCl, 니페디핀, 니모디핀, 니솔디핀, 페녹시벤즈아민 HCl, 프라조신 HCl, 퀴나프릴, 레서핀, 테라조신 HCl, 텔미사탄 및 발사탄이 있다.
항고지혈증제
본 발명의 조성물에 사용될 수 있는 항고지혈증제의 비제한적 예에는 아시피목스, 알루미늄 니코티네이트, 아토바스타틴, 콜레스티라민 수지, 콜레스티폴, 폴리덱사이드, 베클로브레이트, 플루바스타틴, 젬피브로질, 로바스타틴, 리소좀 산 리파제, 이코피브레이트, 니아신; 피브레이트, 예컨대 페노피브레이트, 클로피브레이트, 피리리브레이트, 시프로피브레이트, 베자피브레이트, 클리노피브레이트, 로니피브레이트, 테오피브레이트, 클로피브르산, 에토피브레이트 및 젬피브로질과 같은 PPARα, 프라바스타틴 나트륨, 심피브레이트, 심바스타틴, 니세리트롤, 니코클로네이트, 니코몰, 옥시니아식산(oxiniacic acid), 에티록세이트, 티오프로픽산(thyopropic acid), 티록신, 아시프란, 아자코스테롤, 벤플루오렉스, 베타-벤즈알부티라미드, 카르니틴, 콘드로이틴 설페이트 클로메스트론, 데탁스트란, 덱스트란 설페이트 나트륨, 5,8,11,14,17-에이코사펜타엔산, 에리타데닌, 푸라자볼, 메글루톨, 멜린아미드, 미타트리엔디올, 오르니틴, 감마-오리자놀, 판테틴, 펜타에리트리톨 테트라아세테이트, 알파-페닐부티르아미드, 피로자딜, 프로부콜, 베타-시토스 테롤, 술토실릭산(피페라진 염), 티아데놀, 트리파라놀, 젠부신 및 이의 혼합물이 있다.
항당뇨제
본 발명의 조성물에 사용될 수 있는 항당뇨제의 비제한적 예에는 비구아니드, 예컨대 부포민, 메트포민 및 펜포민; 인슐린과 같은 호르몬; 설포닐우레아 유도체, 예컨대 아세토헥사미드, 1-부틸-3-메타닐릴우레아, 카르부타미드, 클로르프로파미드, 글리보르누라이드, 글리클라지드, 글리메피라이드, 글리피지드, 글리퀴돈, 글리속세피드(glisoxepid), 글리부라이드, 글리부티아졸, 글리부졸, 글리헥사미드, 글리미딘, 글리핀아미드, 펜부타미드, 톨라자미드, 톨부타미드, 톨시클라미드; HDL 작동물질; PPARγ 작동물질, 예컨대 티아졸리딘디온, 예컨대 피오글리타존, 로시글리타존 및 트로글리타존; 및 기타, 예컨대 아카르보스, 칼슘 메속살레이트, 미글리톨 및 레파글리니드.
소염제
본 발명의 조성물에 사용될 수 있는 소염제의 비제한적 예에는 알클로페낙; 알클로메타손 디프로피오네이트; 알제스톤 아세토니드; 알파 아밀라제; 암시나팔; 암시나파이드; 암페낙 나트륨; 아미프릴로스 염산염; 아나킨라; 아니롤락; 아니트라자펜; 아파존; 발살라지드 이나트륨; 벤다작; 베녹사프로펜; 벤지다민 염산염; 브로멜라인스; 브로페라몰; 부데소니드; 카프로펜; 시클로프로펜; 신타존; 클리프로펜; 클로베타솔 프로피오네이트; 클로베타손 부티레이트; 클로피락; 클로티카손 프로피오네이트; 코르메타손 아세테이트; 코르토독손; 데플라자코르트; 데소니드; 데속시메타손; 덱사메타손 디프로피오네이트; 디클로페낙 칼륨; 디클로페낙 나트륨; 디플로라손 디아세테이트; 디플루미돈 나트륨; 디플루니살; 디플루프레드네이트; 디프탈론; 디메틸 설폭사이드; 드로시노나이드; 엔드리손; 엔리모마브; 에놀리캄 나트륨; 에피리졸; 에토돌락; 에토페나메이트; 펠비낙; 페나몰; 펜부펜; 펜클로페낙; 펜클로락; 펜도살; 펜피팔론; 펜티아작; 플라잘론; 플루아자코르트; 플루페남삼; 플루미졸; 플루니솔리드 아세테이트; 플루닉신; 플루닉신 메글루민; 플루오코르틴 부틸; 플루오메톨론 아세테이트; 플루쿠아존; 플루르비프로펜; 플루레토펜; 플루티카손 프로피오네이트; 푸라프로펜; 푸로부펜; 할시노나이드; 할로베타솔 프로피오네이트; 할로프레돈 아세테이트; 이부페낙; 이부프로펜; 이부프로펜 알루미늄; 이부프로펜 피코놀; 일로니답; 인도메타신; 인도메타신 나트륨; 인도프로펜; 인독솔; 인트라졸; 이소플루프레돈 아세테이트; 이속세팍; 이속시캄; 케토프로펜; 로페미졸 염산염; 로르녹시캄; 로테프레드놀 에타보네이트; 메클로페나메이트 나트륨; 메클로페남산; 메클로리손 디부티레이트; 메페남산; 메살라민; 메세클라존; 메틸프레드니솔론 술렙타네이트; 모르니플루메이트; 나부메톤; 나프록센; 나프록센 나트륨; 나플록솔; 니마존; 올사라진 소듐; 오르고테인; 오르파녹신; 옥사프로진; 옥시펜부타존; 파라닐린 염산염; 펜토산 폴리설페이트 나트륨; 펜부타존 나트륨 글리세레이트; 피르페니돈; 피록시캄; 피록시캄 신나메이트; 피록시캄 올라민; 피르프로펜; 프레드나제이트; 프리펠론; 프로돌산; 프로쿠아존; 프록사졸; 프록사졸 시트레이트; 리멕솔론; 로마자리트; 살콜렉스; 살나세딘; 살살레이트; 살리실레이트; 상귀나륨 클로라이드; 세클라존; 세르메타신; 수독시캄; 술린닥; 수프로펜; 탈메타 신; 탈니플루메이트; 탈로살레이트; 테부펠론; 테니답; 테니답 나트륨; 테녹시캄; 테시캄; 테시미드; 테트리다민; 티오피낙; 틱소코르톨 피발레이트; 톨메틴; 톨메틴 나트륨; 트리클로나이드; 트리플루미데이트; 지도메타신; 글루코코르티코이드; 조메피락 나트륨이 있다. 바람직한 1가지 소염제는 아스피린이다.
칼슘 통로 차단제
칼륨 통로 차단제는 여러 심혈관 장애, 예컨대 고혈압, 협심증 및 심장 부정맥을 포함한 다양한 질환의 억제에 중요한 치료 가치가 있는 화학적으로 다양한 그룹의 화합물이다(Fleckenstein, Cir.Res. v. 52, (suppl.1), p.13-16(1983); Fleckenstein, Experimental Facts and Therapeutic Prospects, John Wiley, New York(1983); McCall, D., Curr Pract Cardiol., v.10, p.1-11(1985)). 칼슘 통로 차단제는 세포 칼슘 통로를 조절하여 세포로 칼슘의 유입을 차단 또는 지연시키는 약물의 이종 그룹이다(Remington, The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Nineteenth Edition, Mack Publishing Company, Eaton, Pa., p.963(1995)). 본 발명에 있어서 유용하고, 현재 이용가능한 칼슘 통로 차단제의 대부분은 다음과 같은 3가지 주요 화학적 그룹의 약물, 즉 니페디핀과 같은 디하이드로피리딘류, 베라파밀과 같은 페닐 알킬 아민류, 및 딜티아젬과 같은 벤조티아제핀류 중 하나에 속한다. 본 발명의 조성물에 사용될 수 있는 칼슘 통로 차단제의 비제한적 예에는 베프리딜, 클렌티아젬, 딜티아젬, 펜딜린, 갈로파밀, 미베프라딜, 프레닐아민, 세모티아딜, 테로딜린, 베라파밀, 암로디핀, 아라니디핀, 바르니디핀, 베니디핀, 클리니디핀, 에포니디핀, 엘고디핀, 펠로디핀, 이스라디핀, 라시디핀, 레르카니드핀, 만 니디핀, 니카디핀, 니페디핀, 닐바디핀, 니모디핀, 니솔디핀, 니트렌디핀, 신나리진, 플루나리진, 리도플라진, 로메리진, 벤시클란, 에타페논, 판토파론, 퍼헥실린 및 이의 혼합물이 있다.
CETP 억제제
본 발명의 조성물에 사용될 수 있는 CETP 억제제의 비제한적 예에는 토르세트라피브(torcetrapib)가 있다.
COX-2 억제제
본 발명의 조성물에 사용될 수 있는 COX-2 억제제의 비제한적 예에는 다음과 같은 화합물이 있다: 선택적 COX-2 억제제 화합물의 3가지 다른 구조 그룹의 성분으로서 WO99/20110(Winokur)의 8쪽부터 기술되어 있는 모든 화합물 및 물질, 및 "Combination therapy for treating, preventing, or reducing the risks associated with acute coronary ischemic syndrome and related conditions"라는 표제로 2000년 10월 24일에 특허허여된 미국 특허 6,136,804(Nichtberger)에 기술된 선택적 COX-2 억제제인 화합물과 물질, 및 "Combination of a Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor and a Leukotriene B4 Receptor Antagonist for the Treatment of Inflammations"라는 표제로 1995년 6월 12일에 PCT/US9509905로 출원되고 1996년 12월 27일에 공개된 PCT 출원 WO/09641645(Isakson et al.)에 개시된 선택적 COX-2 억제제인 화합물과 물질. 본 발명에 사용된 COX-2 억제제의 의미는 당해 기술분야의 참고문헌으로서 인용된 Winokur WO99/20110에 언급되고 포함된 화합물 및 물질, 당해 기술분야의 참고문헌으로서 인용된 Nichtberger, 미국 특허 6,136,804(2000년 10월 24일)에 언급되고 포함된 화합물 및 물질, 및 "Combination of a Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor and a Leukotriene B4 Receptor Antagonist for the Treatment of Inflammations"라는 표제로 1995년 6월 12일에 PCT/US9509905로서 출원되고 1996년 12월 27일에 공개된 PCT 출원 WO/09641645(Isakson et al)에 언급되고 포함된 COX-2 억제제인 화합물 및 물질을 포함할 수 있다. 또한, 본 발명에 사용된 COX-2 억제제의 의미에는 머크(Merck)와 설/파이저(Searle/Pfizer)에서 각각 VIOXX 및 CELEBREX로 시판하는 로페콕시브 및 셀레콕시브가 포함된다. 로페콕시브는 WO99/20110(Winokur)의 9쪽에서 화합물 3으로서 논의되고 있다. 셀레콕시브는 동일 문헌 및 티.페닝의 문헌[T.Penning, Synthesis and biological evaluation of the 1,5-diarylpyrazole class of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: identification of 4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrozol-1-yl]benzenesulfonami de(SC-58635, celecoxib)", J.Med.Chem.Apr. 25, 1997: 40(9): 1347-56]에서 SC-58635로 논의되고 있다. 본 발명에 사용되는 COX-2 억제제의 의미는 또한 형광성 디아릴옥사졸로 언급된 SC299를 포함한다[C.Lanzo et al., "Fluorescence quenching analysis of the association and dissociation of a diarylheterocycle to cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2: dynamic basis of cycloxygenase-2 selectivity", Biochemistry May 23, 2000, vol. 39(20): 6228-34, 및 J.Talley et al., "4,5-Diaryloxazole inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)", Med.Res.Rev.May 1999; 19(3): 199-208]. 또한 본 발명에 사용된 COX-2 억제제의 의미는 발데콕시브["4-[5-Methyl-3-phenylisoxazol-1-yl]benzenesulfonamide, Valdecoxib: A Potent and Selective Inhibitor of COX-2", J.Med.Chem. 2000, Vol. 43:775-777 참조], 및 파레콕시브, 나트륨 염 또는 파레콕시브 나트륨[N-[[(5-methyl-3-phenylixoxazol-4-yl)-phenyl]sulfonyl]propanimide, Sodium Salt, Parecoxib Sodium: A Potent and Selective Inhinitor of COX-2 for Parenteral Administration", J.Med.Chem. 2000, Vol. 43: 1661-1663 참조]를 포함한다. 또한, 본 발명에 사용된 COX-2 억제제의 의미는 메틸설포닐 잔기의 적당한 교체 방법으로서 설폰아미드 잔기의 치환[J.Carter et al., Synthesis and activity of sulfonamide-substituted 4,5-diaryl thiazoles as selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors" Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett Apr. 19, 1999: Vol. 9(8): 1171-74 참조] 및 문헌[Design and synthesis of sulfonyl-substituted 4,5-diarylthiazoles as selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors", Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett Apr. 19, 1999: Vol.9(8): 1167-70]에 언급된 화합물을 포함한다. 본 발명의 의미에는 COX-2 억제제인 다음과 같은 두 문헌에 게재된 NS398이 포함된다: Attiga et al., "Inhibitors of Prostaglandin Synthesis Inhibit Human Prostate Tumor Cell Invasiveness and Reduce the Release of Matrix Metalloproteinases", 60 Cancer Research 4629-4637, Aug.15, 2000, 및 "The cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib induces apoptosis by blocking Akt activation in human prostate cancer cells independently of Bcl-2" Hsu et al., 275(15) J.Biol.Chem. 11397-11403(2000)]. 본 발명에 사용된 COX-2 억제제의 의미는 문헌[Mitchell et al., "Cyclo-oxygenase-2: pharmacology, physiology, biochemistry and relevance to NSAID therapy", Brit.J.of Pharmacology(1999) vol.128: 1121-1132, 특히 p.1126 참조]에 언급된 시클로-옥시게나제-2 선택적 화합물을 포함한다. 본 발명에 사용된 COX-2 억제제의 의미는 문헌[L.Jackson et al. "COX-2 Selective Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Do They Really Offer Any Advantages?", Drugs, June, 2000 vol.59(6): 1207-1216 및 이의 각주 27, 28의 문헌]에 언급된 소위 NO-NSAID 또는 산화질소 방출성 NSAID를 포함한다. 또한, 본 발명에 사용된 COX-2 억제제의 의미에는 COX-1 동종효소보다 COX-2 동종효소를 10 대 1보다 큰 비율, 바람직하게는 적어도 40 대 1의 비율로 선택적으로 억제하고(Winokur WO 99/20110 참조), 통상의 원자가 껍질 전자쌍 반발력 이론에 따라 유리 전자가 고리식 환(셀레콕시브의 설필아민 부와 같이) 위에 위치한 두 원자를 보유하는 제1 치환체 및 이 제1 치환체와 어떠한 유의적인 전자 상호작용이 없도록 상기 제1 치환체로부터 충분히 떨어진 다른 환 상에 위치한 제2 치환체를 보유하는 임의의 물질이 포함된다. 상기 제2 치환체는 이 치환체의 전기음성도가 0.5보다 큰 것이어야 하거나, 또는 할로겐 F, Cl, Br 또는 I로 이루어진 그룹, 또는 VI족 원소, S 또는 O 중에서 선택되는 화합물 주위에 위치한 원자이어야 한다. 이러한 마지막에 포함된 COX-2 억제제의 의미의 논점 상, COX-2 억제제의 일부는 친수성이고, 다른 일부는 친지성이어야 한다. 또한, COX-2 억제제에는 나부메톤 및 에토돌락을 비롯하여 문헌[Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, Depiro et al(McGraw Hill 1999)]의 553쪽에 열거된 화합물이 포함된다. 이 문단에 언급된 선택적 COX-2 억제제 중에는 중복되는 것이 있는데, 이는 COX-2 억제제라는 용어의 의미가 COX-1에 비해 COX-2를 억제한다는 의미에서 선택적인, 선택적 COX-2 억제제 전부를 포괄적으로 포함하는 것이기 때문이다. 본 발명은 또한 머크(Merck)에서 제조된 에토리콕시브(Wall Street Journal, 2000년 12월 13일자 게재)라는 명칭의 약물도 본 발명에 유용한 COX-2 억제제 그룹에 포함한다[또한, Chauret et al., "In vitro metabolism considerations, including activity testing of metabolites, in the discovery and selection of the COX-2 inhibitor etoricoxib(MK-0663)", Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett. 11(8): 1059-62(Apr. 23, 2001)도 참조]. 또 다른 선택적 COX-2 억제제에는 문헌[Yergey et al., Drug Metab. Dispos. 29(5): 638-44(May 2001)]에 언급된 DFU[5,5-디메틸-3-(3-플루오로페닐)-4-(4-메틸설포닐)페닐-2(5H)-푸라논]도 있다. 또한, 본 발명자들은 선택적 COX-2 억제제로서, COX-1 억제에 비해 유의적인 COX-2 억제가 입증된, 플라보노이드 항산화제 실리마린 및 실리마린 중의 활성 성분인 실리비닌도 포함한다. 또한, 실리마린은 글루타치온 퍼옥시다제의 고갈에 대한 차단 역할도 나타냈다[Zhao et al., "Significant Inhibition by the Flavonoid Antioxidant Silymarin against 12-O-tetracecanoylphorbol 13-acetate-caused modulation of antioxidant and inflammatory enzymes, and cyclooxygenase 2 and interleukin-1 alpha expression in SENCAR mouse epidermis: implications in the prevention of stage I tumor promotion" Mol . Carcinog . December 1999, Vol 26(4): 321-33 PMID 10569809]. 실리마린은 유럽에서 간 질환의 치료에 사용되고 있다.
전술한 다수의 COX-2 억제제는 선택적 COX-2 억제제의 프로드럭이며, 생체내에서 활성의 선택적인 COX-2 억제제로 변환되어 작용한다. 앞에서 언급한 COX-2 억 제제 프로드럭으로부터 형성된 활성의 선택적인 COX-2 억제제는 1995년 1월 5일에 공개된 WO 95/00501, 1995년 7월 13일에 공개된 WO 95/18799 및 1995년 12월 12일에 특허허여된 미국 특허 5,474,995에 상세히 설명되어 있다. 미국 특허 5,543,297["Human cyclooxygenase-2 cDNA and assays for evaluating cyclooxygenase-2 activity"]의 교시에 따르면, 당업자는 약제가 선택적 COX-2 억제제인지 또는 COX-2 억제제의 전구체인지를 측정할 수 있을 것이며, 이 역시 본 발명의 일부이다.
"직접
트롬빈
억제제"
직접 트롬빈 억제제의 비제한적 예에는 히루딘, 히루겐, 히룰로그, 아가트로반, PPACK 및 트롬빈 압타머가 포함된다.
이뇨제
본 발명의 조성물에 사용될 수 있는 이뇨제의 비제한적 예에는 알티아지드, 벤드로플루메티아지드, 벤즈티아지드, 부티아지드, 클로르탈리돈, 시클로펜티아지드, 시클로티아지드, 에피티아지드, 에티아지드, 펜퀴존, 인다파미드, 하이드로플루메티아지드, 메티클로티아지드, 메티크랜, 메톨라존, 파라플루티지드, 폴리티아지드, 퀸에타존, 테클로티아지드, 트리클로로메티아지드, 클로르메로드린, 메랄루리드, 머캄파미드, 머캡토메린 나트륨, 머쿠마틸린 나트륨, 염화제1수은, 메르살릴, 아세필린, 7-모르폴리노메틸-테오필린, 파마브롬, 프로테오브로민, 테오브로민, 칸레논, 올레안드린, 스피로노락톤, 아세타졸아미드, 암부시드, 아조세미드, 부메타니드, 부타졸아미드, 클로파미드, 클렉솔론, 디설파미드, 에톡스졸라미드, 푸로세미드, 메프루시드, 메타졸아미드, 피레타니드, 토르세미드, 트리파미드, 지파미드, 아미노메트라딘, 아미소메트라딘, 아마노진, 아밀로라이드, 아르부틴, 클로라자닐, 에타크린산, 에토졸린, 하이드라카르바진, 이소소르비드, 만니톨, 메토챨콘, 무조리민, 퍼헥실린, 티크리나펜, 트리암테렌, 우레아 및 이의 혼합물이 포함된다. 이용되는 이뇨제에 따라, 저칼륨성 알칼리증(hypokalemic alkalosis)을 회피함과 동시에 체액의 삼투압평형(fluid balance)을 최적화하기 위하여 칼륨이 또한 환자에게 투여될 수 있다. 칼륨의 투여는 염화칼륨의 형태로 또는 칼륨 함량이 높은 음식, 예컨대 바나나 또는 오렌지 주스를 매일 섭취함으로써 이루어질 수 있다.
엔도텔린
수용체 길항물질
본 발명의 조성물에 사용될 수 있는 엔도텔린 수용체 길항물질의 비제한적 예에는 보센탄(bosentan), 설폰아미드계 엔도텔린 길항물질, BQ-123, SQ 28608, 및이의 유사체; 및 이의 혼합물이 있다.
HMG-CoA 환원효소 억제제(스타틴)
HMG-CoA(3-하이드록시-3-메틸글루타릴-조효소 A) 환원효소는 콜레스테롤 생합성(HMG-CoA6Mevalonate)에서 속도 제한 반응을 촉매하는 미세소체 효소이다. HMG-CoA 환원효소 억제제는 HMG-CoA 환원효소를 억제하고, 결과적으로 콜레스테롤의 합성을 억제한다. 다수의 HMG-CoA 환원효소 억제제가 고콜레스테롤혈증 환자의 치료에 사용되었다. 최근, HMG-CoA 환원효소 억제제는 발작 치료에 유익한 것으로 밝혀져 있다(Endres M, et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1998, 95: 8880-5).
본 발명의 약제와 함께 투여하기에 유용한 HMG-CoA 환원효소 억제제에는, 심바스타틴(미국 특허 4,444,784), 로바스타틴(미국 특허 4,231,938), 프라바스타틴 나트륨(미국 특허 4,346,227), 플루바스타틴(미국 특허 4,739,073), 아토바스타틴(미국 특허 5,273,995), 세리바스타틴 및 기타 미국 특허 5,622,985; 5,135,935; 5,356,896; 4,920,109; 5,286,895; 5,262,435; 5,260,332; 5,317,031; 5,283,256; 5,256,689; 5,182,298; 5,369,125; 5,302,604; 5,166,171; 5,202,327; 5,276,021; 5,196,440; 5,091,386; 5,091,378; 4,904,646; 5,385,932; 5,250,435; 5,132,312; 5,130,306; 5,116,870; 5,112,857; 5,102,911; 5,098,931; 5,081,136; 5,025,000; 5,021,453; 5,017,716; 5,001,144; 5,001,128; 4,997,837; 4,996,234; 4,994,494; 4,992,429; 4,970,231; 4,968,693; 4,963,538; 4,957,940; 4,950,675; 4,946,864; 4,946,860; 4,940,800; 4,940,727; 4,939,143; 4,929,620; 4,923,861; 4,906,657; 4,906,624 및 4,897,402(이 특허 문헌들은 본원에 참고인용된 것이다)에 기술된 다양한 화합물이 포함되며, 이에 국한되는 것은 아니다.
본 발명의 조성물에 사용될 수 있는 HMG-CoA 환원효소 억제제의 다른 비제한적 예에는 메바스타틴, 피타바스타틴, 로수바스타틴, 젬카벤 및 프로부콜이 있다.
수축촉진제
본 발명의 조성물에 사용될 수 있는 수축촉진제의 비제한적 예에는 아세필린, 아세틸디기톡신, 2-아미노-4-피콜린, 암리논, 벤푸로딜 헤미석시네이트, 부클라데신, 캄포타미드, 콘발라톡신, 시마린, 데노파민, 데스라노시드, 디기탈린, 디기탈리스, 디기톡신, 디곡신, 도부타민, 도카파민, 도파민, 도펙사민, 에녹시몬, 에리트로플레인, 페날소민, 기탈린, 기톡신, 글리코시아민, 헵타미놀, 하이드라스티닌, 이보파민, 라나토사이드, 로프리닌, 밀리논, 네리폴린, 올레안드린, 오우아바인, 옥시페드린, 피모벤단, 프레날테롤, 프로실라리딘, 레시부포제닌, 실라렌, 실라레닌, 스트로판틴, 술마졸, 테오브로민, 베스나리논, 자모테롤 및 이의 혼합물이 포함된다.
"레닌 억제제"
레닌 억제제는 레닌의 활성을 방해하는 화합물이다. 레닌 억제제에는 아미노산 및 이의 유도체, 펩타이드 및 이의 유도체, 및 레닌에 대한 항체가 있다. 미국 특허 문헌에서 주제가 된 레닌 억제제의 예에는 다음과 같은 것이 있다: 펩타이드의 우레아 유도체(미국 특허 5,116,835); 비펩타이드 결합에 의해 결합된 아미노산(미국 특허 5,114,937); 디펩타이드 및 트리펩타이드 유도체(미국 특허 5,106,835); 아미노산 및 이의 유도체(미국 특허 5,104,869 및 5,095,119); 디올 설폰아미드 및 설피닐(미국 특허 5,098,924); 변형된 펩타이드(미국 특허 5,095,006); 펩타이딜 베타-아미노아실 아미노디올 카르바메이트(미국 특허 5,089,471); 피롤이미다졸론(미국 특허 5,075,451); 불소 및 염소 스타틴 또는 스타톤 함유 펩타이드(미국 특허 5,066,643); 펩타이딜 아미노 디올(미국 특허 5,063,208 및 4,845,079); N-모르폴리노 유도체(미국 특허 5,055,466); 펩스타틴 유도체(미국 특허 4,980,283); N-헤테로시클릭 알콜(미국 특허 4,885,292); 레닌에 대한 모노클론 항체(미국 특허 4,780,401); 및 다양한 다른 펩타이드 및 이의 유사체(미국 특허 5,071,837, 5,064,965, 5,063,207, 5,036,054, 5,036,053, 5,034,512 및 4,894,437).
혈관확장제
본 발명의 조성물에 사용될 수 있는 혈관확장제의 비제한적 예에는 벤시클란, 신나리진, 시티콜린, 시클란델레이트, 시클로니케이트, 디이소프로필아민 디클로로아세테이트, 에부나모닌, 파수딜, 페녹세딜, 플루나리진, 이부딜라스트, 이펜프로딜, 이소소르비드 디니트레이트, 이소소르비드 모노니트레이트, 로메릭신, 나프로닐, 니카메테이트, 니세르골린, 니모디핀, 파파베린, 펜티필린, 티노페드린, 반카민, 빈포세틴, 비퀴딜, 아모트리펜, 벤다졸, 벤푸로딜 헤미석시네이트, 벤지오다론, 클로라시진, 크로모나르, 클로벤푸롤, 클로니트레이트, 클로리크로멘, 딜라젭, 디피리다몰, 드로프레닐아민, 에플록세이트, 에리트리틸 테트라니트레이트, 에타페논, 펜딜린, 플로레딜, 간글레펜스, 심근 추출물, 헥세스트롤 비스(알파-디에틸아미노에틸 에테르), 하이드랄라진 화합물, 헥소벤딘, 이트라민 토실레이트 켈린, 리도플라진, 만니톨 헥사니트레이트, 메디바진, 니트로글리세린, 이소소르비드 모노니트레이트, 이소소르비드 디니트레이트 및 다른 니트레이트, 펜타에리트리톨 테트라니트레이트, 펜트리니트롤, 퍼헥실린, 피메필린, 프레닐아민, 프로파틸 니트레이트, 피리도필린, 트라피딜, 트리크로밀, 트리메타지딘, 트롤니트레이트 포스페이트, 비스나딘, 알루미늄 니코티네이트, 바메탄, 벤시클란, 베타히스틴, 브래디키닌, 브로빈카민, 부페니오드, 부플로메딜, 부탈아민, 세티에딜, 시클로니케이트, 시네파지드, 신나리진, 시클란델레이트, 디이소프로필아민 디클로로아세테이트, 엘레도이신, 페녹세딜, 플루나진, 헤프로니케이트, 이펜프로딜, 일로프로스트, 이노 시톨 니아시네이트, 이속수프린, 칼리딘, 칼리크레인, 목시실라이트, 나프로닐, 니카메테이트 니세르골린, 니코푸라노스, 니코티닐 알콜, 닐리드린, 펜티필린, 펜톡시필린, 피리베딜, 프로스타글란딘 E1, 술록티딜, 톨라졸린, 잔티놀 니아시네이트 및 이의 혼합물이 포함된다.
"하이드랄라진(hydralazine) 화합물"은 하기의 화학식으로 표현되는 화합물을 일컫는 것이다:
상기 식에서 a, b 및 c는 각각 독립적으로 단일 또는 이중 결합이고; R1 및 R2는 각각 독립적으로 수소, 알킬, 에스테르 헤테로시클릭 고리이며; R3 및 R4는 각각 독립적으로 비공유 전자쌍 또는 수소인데, 단 R1, R2, R3 및 R4 중 적어도 하나는 수소가 아니다. 하이드랄라진 화합물의 예에는 부드랄라진(budralazine), 캐드랄라진(cadralazine), 디하이드랄라진, 엔드랄라진, 하이드랄라진, 필드랄라진, 토드랄라진 및 이의 유사체가 포함되나, 이에 국한되는 것은 아니다.
혈관수축제
본 발명의 조성물에 사용될 수 있는 혈관수축제의 비제한적 예에는 아메지늄 메틸 설페이트, 안지오텐신 아미드, 디메토프린, 도파민, 에티펠민, 에틸레프린, 제페프린, 메타라미놀, 메톡사민, 미도드린, 노르에피네프린, 폴레드린, 시네프린 및 이의 혼합물이 포함된다.
AGE 가교 붕괴제(진행성
글리코실화
최종 산물 가교
붕괴제
)
본 발명의 조성물에 사용될 수 있는 AGE 가교 붕괴제의 비제한적 예에는 알라제브리엄이 포함된다.
AGE
형성 억제제(진행성
글리코실화
최종 산물 형성 억제제)
본 발명의 조성물에 사용될 수 있는 AGE 형성 억제제의 비제한적 예에는 피마제딘이 포함된다.
다른 활성제:
본 발명의 네비볼롤 조성물과 혼합될 수 있는 다른 활성 성분의 비제한적 예에는 다음과 같은 대표적인 그룹의 화합물, 및 이의 약학적 허용성 염, 이성질체, 에스테르, 에테르 및 다른 유도체가 포함되나, 이에 국한되는 것은 아니다:
진통제 및 소염제, 예컨대 알록시프린, 아우라노핀, 아자프로파존, 베노릴레이트, 캅사이신, 셀레콕시브, 디클로페낙, 디플루니살, 에토돌락, 펜부펜, 페노프로펜 칼슘, 플루비프로펜, 이부프로펜, 인도메타신, 케토프로펜, 케토롤락, 레플루노미드, 메클로펜남산, 메페남산, 나부메톤, 나프록센, 옥사프로진, 옥시펜부타존, 페닐부타존, 피록시캄, 로페콕시브, 술린닥, 테트라하이드로칸나비놀, 트라마돌 및 트로메타민;
구충제, 예컨대 알벤다졸, 베페늄 하이드록시나프토에이트, 캄벤다졸, 디클로로펜, 이버멕틴, 메벤다졸, 옥삼니퀸, 옥스펜다졸, 옥산텔 엠보네이트, 프라지콴텔, 피란텔 엠보네이트 및 티아벤다졸;
항천식제 , 예컨대 질류톤, 자피르루카스트, 테르부탈린 설페이트, 몬텔루카스트 및 알부테롤;
항균제, 예컨대 알라트로플록사신, 아지트로마이신, 바클로펜, 벤자틴 페니실린, 시녹사신, 시프로플록사신 HCl, 클라리트로마이신, 클로파지민, 클록사실린, 데메클로사이클린, 디리트로마이신, 독시사이클린, 에리트로마이신, 에티온아미드, 푸라졸리돈, 그레파플록사신, 이미페넴, 레보플록사신, 로레플록사신, 목시플록사신 HCl, 날리딕산, 니트로푸란토인, 노르플록사신, 오플록사신, 리팜피신, 리파부틴, 리파펜틴, 스파플록사신, 스피라마이신, 설파벤즈아미드, 설파독신, 설파메라진, 울파세타미드, 설파디아진, 설파푸라졸, 설파메톡사졸, 설파피리딘, 테트라사이클린, 트리메토프림, 트로바플록사신 및 반코마이신;
항바이러스제, 예컨대 아바카비르, 암프레나비르, 델라비르딘, 에파비렌즈, 인디나비르, 라미부딘, 넬피나비르, 네비라핀, 리토나비르, 사퀴나비르 및 스타부딘;
항우울제, 예컨대 아목사핀, 부프로피온, 시탈로프람, 클로미프라민, 플루옥세틴 HCl, 마프로틸린 HCl, 미안세린 HCl, 노르트립틸린 HCl, 파록세틴 HCl, 세르트랄린 HCl, 트라조돈 HCl, 트리미프라민 말리에이트 및 벤라팍신 HCl;
항간질제, 예컨대 베클라미드, 카르바마제핀, 클로나제팜, 에토토인, 펠바메이트, 포스페니토인 나트륨, 라모트리진, 메토인, 메트숙시미드, 메틸페노바르비톨, 옥스카르바제핀, 파라메타디온, 페나세미드, 페노바르비톤, 페니토인, 펜숙시미드, 프리미돈, 설티암, 티아가빈 HCl, 토피라메이트, 발프로산 및 비가바트린;
항진균제, 예컨대 암포테리신, 부테나핀 HCl, 부토코나졸 니트레이트, 클로트리마졸, 에코나졸 니트레이트, 플루코나졸, 플루사이토신, 그리세오풀빈, 이트라코나졸, 케토코나졸, 미코나졸, 나타마이신, 니스타틴, 설코나졸 니트레이트, 옥시코나졸, 에르비나핀 HCl, 테르코나졸, 티오코나졸 및 운데센산;
항통풍제, 예컨대 알로퓨리놀, 프로베네시드 및 설핀피라존;
항말라리아제, 예컨대 아모디아퀸, 클로로퀸, 클로르프로구아닐 HCl, 할로판트린 HCl, 메플로퀸 HCl, 프로구아닐 HCl, 피리메타민 및 퀴닌 설페이트;
항편두통제, 예컨대 디하이드로에르고타민 메실레이트, 에르고타민 타르트레이트, 프로바트립탄, 메티세르지드 말리에이트, 나라트립탄 HCl, 피조티펜 말리에이트, 리자트립탄 벤조에이트, 수마트립탄 석시네이트 및 졸미트립탄;
항무스카린제, 예컨대 아트로핀, 벤즈헥솔 HCl, 비페리덴, 에토프로파진 HCl, 히오스시아민, 메펜졸레이트 브로마이드, 옥시펜시클리민 HCl 및 트로피카미드;
항신생물제 및 면역억제제, 예컨대 아미노글루테티미드, 암사크린, 아자티오프린, 비칼루타미드, 비산트렌, 부설판, 캄토테신, 카페시타빈, 클로람부실, 시클로스포린, 다카르바진, 엘립티신, 에스트라무스틴, 에토포사이드, 이리노테칸, 로무스틴, 멜파란, 머캅토퓨린, 메토트렉세이트, 미토마이신, 미토탄, 미토잔트론, 모페틸 미코페놀레이트, 닐루타미드, 파클리탁셀, 프로카바진 HCl, 시롤리무스, 타크롤리무스, 타목시펜 시트레이트, 테니포사이드, 테스토락톤, 토포테칸 HCl 및 토레미펜 시트레이트;
항원충제, 예컨대 아토바퀀, 벤즈니다졸, 클리오퀴놀, 데코퀴네이트, 디요오도하이드록시퀴놀린, 딜록사니드 푸로에이트, 디니톨미드, 푸라졸리돈, 메트로니다졸, 니모라졸, 니트로푸라존, 오르니다졸 및 티니다졸;
항정신병제, 예컨대 아리피프라졸, 클로자핀, 지프라시돈, 할로페리돌, 몰린돈, 록사핀, 티오리다진, 몰린돈, 티오틱센, 피모지드, 플루페나진, 리스페리돈 메소리다진, 퀘티아핀, 트리플루오페라진, 클로프로틱센, 클로프로마진, 퍼페나진, 트리플루오프로마진, 올란자핀;
항갑상선제, 예컨대 카르비마졸, 파라칼시톨 및 프로필티오우라실;
진해제, 예컨대 벤조나테이트;
항불안제, 진정제, 수면제 및 신경이완제, 예컨대 알프라졸람, 아밀로바르비톤, 바르비톤, 벤타제팜, 브로마제팜, 브롬페리돌, 브로티졸람, 부토바르비톤, 카르브로말, 클로르디아제폭사이드, 클로르메티아졸, 클로르프로마진, 클로르프로틱센, 클로나제팜, 클로바잠, 클로티아제팜, 클로자핀, 디아제팜, 드로페리돌, 에티나메이트, 플루아니손, 플루니트라제팜, 트리플루프로마진, 플루펜틱솔 데카노에이트, 플루펜틱솔 데카노에이트, 플루라제팜, 가바펜틴, 할로페리돌, 로라제팜, 로르메타제팜, 메다제팜, 메프로바메이트, 메소리다진, 메타쿠알론, 메틸페니데이트, 미다졸람, 몰린돈, 니트라제팜, 올란자핀, 옥사제팜, 펜토바르비톤, 퍼페나진 피모자이드, 프로클로르페라진, 슈도에페드린, 퀘티아핀, 리스페리돈, 세르틴돌, 설피라이드, 테마제팜, 티오리다진, 트리아졸람, 졸피뎀 및 조피클론;
코르티코스테로이드, 예컨대 베클로메타손, 베타메타손, 부데소나이드, 코르 티손 아세테이트, 데속시메타손, 덱사메타손, 플루드로코르티손 아세테이트, 플루니솔라이드, 플루오코르톨론, 플루티카손 프로피오네이트, 하이드로코르티손, 메틸프레드니솔론, 프레드니솔론, 프레드니손 및 트리암시놀론;
항파킨슨병제, 예컨대 아포몰핀, 브로모크립틴 메실레이트, 리수라이드 말리에이트, 프라미펙솔, 로피니롤 HCl 및 톨카폰;
위장약, 예컨대 비사코딜, 시메티딘, 시사프라이드, 디페녹실레이트 HCl, 돔페리돈, 파모티딘, 라노스프라졸, 로페라미드, 메살라진, 니자티딘, 오메프라졸, 온단세트론 HCl, 라베프라졸 나트륨, 라니티딘 HCl 및 설파살라진;
각질용해제, 예컨대 아세트레틴, 칼시프로트리엔, 칼시페디올, 칼시트리올, 콜레칼시페롤, 에르고칼시페롤, 에트레티네이트, 레티노이드, 타르그레틴 및 타자로텐;
지질 조절제, 예컨대 아토바스타틴, 베자피브레이트, 세리바스타틴, 시프로피브레이트, 클로피브레이트, 페노피브레이트, 플루바스타틴, 젬피브로질, 프라바스타틴, 프로부콜 및 심바스타틴;
근육 이완제, 예컨대 단트롤렌 나트륨 및 티자니딘 HCl;
영양제, 예컨대 칼시트리올, 카로틴, 디하이드로타키스테롤, 필수 지방산, 비필수 지방산, 피토나디올, 비타민 A, 비타민 B2, 비타민 D, 비타민 E 및 비타민 K;
아편유사진통제, 예컨대 코데인, 덱스트로프로폭시펜, 디아몰핀, 디하이드로 코데인, 펜타닐, 멥타지놀, 메타돈, 몰핀, 날부핀 및 펜타조신;
성호르몬, 예컨대 클로미펜 시트레이트, 코르티손 아세테이트, 다나졸, 데하이드로에피안드로스테론, 에티닐 에스트라디올, 피나스테라이드, 플루드로코르티손, 플루옥시메스테론, 메드록시프로제스테론 아세테이트, 메제스트롤 아세테이트, 메스트라놀, 메틸테스토스테론, 노르에티스테론, 노르제스트렐, 에스트라디올, 공액 에스트로겐, 프로제스테론, 리멕솔론, 스타노졸롤, 스틸베스트롤, 테스토스테론 및 티볼론;
자극제, 예컨대 암페타민, 덱스암페타민, 덱스펜플루라민, 펜플루라민 및 마진돌;
류마티스관절염 약, 예컨대 메토트렉세이트, 아우라노핀, 아우로티오글루코스 및 골드 소듐 티오말레이트;
골다공증 약, 예컨대 알렌드로네이트 및 랄옥시펜;
국소 마취제;
항헤르페스약, 예컨대 아사이클로비르, 발라사이클로비르 및 팜사이클로비르;
항구토제, 예컨대 온단세트론 및 그라니세트론;
플라보노이드 및 이소플라보노이드, 예컨대 안토시아니딘 및 안토시아닌; 프로안토시아니딘; 플라반-3-올; 플라보놀; 플라본; 플라바논; 이소플라바논; 이들의 염 및 에스테르. 그러나, 본 발명은 식물, 식물의 일부 또는 황기(Astragalus Membranaceus)의 추출물에서 분리된 플라보노이드에 국한되는 것은 아니고, 다른 공급원에서 분리된 또는 화학적으로 합성된 임의의 적절한 플라보노이드 화합물을 포함한다. 이외에도, 공지된 또는 아직 발견되지 않은 임의의 적절한 플라보노이드 화합물 및 이소플라보노이드 화합물이 본 기술의 범주에 속한다. 다수의 플라보노이드 및 이소플라보노이드가 웹문서[USDA-Iowa State University Database on the Isoflavone Content of Foods, Release 1.3-2002] 및 웹문서[USDA Database for the Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods--2003](http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/Data/isoflav/isoflav.html) 및 (http://www.nal.usda.gov/fhic/foodcomp/Data/Flav/flav.html)(이들 모두는 본원에 참고인용되었다). 당업자에게는 본 발명의 목적을 위하여 어떻게 적절한 플라보노이드 및/또는 이소플라보노이드 화합물을 선택할 것인지가 명백할 것이다. 예를 들어, 본 발명의 목적을 위한 플라보노이드 화합물은 (-)-에피카테킨, (+)-카테킨, 프로시아니딘 B2, 건조 케르세틴(quercetin dehydrate), 탁시폴린(taxifolin), 레스베라트롤, 및 이의 유사체가 될 수 있으나, 이에 국한되지는 않는다.
카로테노이드, 이는 일반적으로 메발로네이트 및 데옥시자일룰로스(deoxyxylulose) 포스페이트 경로(오래된 공급원으로서 종종 '이소프레노이드(isoprenoid)' 경로로서 이들의 공급원을 언급함)에서 유래한 테트라테르핀(tetraterpene)이다. 두 분자의 C20 화합물 제라닐제라닐디포스페이트(GGDP)가 축합하여 대칭성 카로테노이드 골격을 형성한다.
카로테노이드는 2개의 아종, 즉 크산토필(xanthophyl) 또는 옥시카로테노이 드라 불리는 보다 극성인 화합물, 및 비극성의 탄화수소 카로틴으로 분류된다.
카로테노이드 유사체 및 카로테노이드 유도체와 같은 용어는 일반적으로 어떤 구체예에서 자연적으로 발생하는 카로테노이드에서 유도되는 화학적 화합물 또는 조성물 또는 단순하게는 합성 카로테노이드를 의미할 수 있다. 어떤 구체예에서, 카로테노이드 유사체 및 카로테노이드 유도체와 같은 용어는 일반적으로 비-카로테노이드계 모체 화합물에서 합성적으로 유도된 화학적 화합물 또는 조성물을 의미할 수 있으나; 이는 결국 실질적으로는 카로테노이드 유도 유사물질과 일치하는 것이다. 특정 구체예에서, 카로테노이드 유사물질 및 카로테노이드 유도체와 같은 용어는 일반적으로 자연적으로 발생한 카로테노이드의 합성 유도체를 의미한다. 카로테노이드의 예는 본원에 참고인용된 서적["Carotenoids Handbook," edited by G Britton et al, 2004]에 제공되어 있다.
당업자에게는 본 발명의 목적을 위하여 어떻게 적절한 카로테노이드 화합물을 선택할 수 있는지가 명백할 것이다.
카로테노이드의 예에는 아스타잔틴(astaxanthin), 제아잔틴(zeaxanthin), 루테인, 라이코펜, 베타-카로틴이 포함된다.
자연적으로 발생하는 카로테노이드의 기타 비-제한적 예에는: 압토퍼퓨린(Aaptopurpurin); 액티니오에리트린(Actinioerythrin); 액티니오에리트롤(Actinioerythrol); 아도니루빈(Adonirubin); 아도니잔틴(Adonixanthin); A.g.470; A.g.471; 아겔라잔틴(Agelaxanthin) C; 알레우리아잔틴(Aleuriaxanthin); 알로잔틴(Alloxanthin); 아마로우시아잔틴(Amarouciaxanthin) A; 아마로우시아잔 틴(Amarouciaxanthin) B; 안코비잔틴(Anchovyxanthin); 3',4'-안하이드로디아토잔틴(3',4'-Anhydrodiatoxanthin); 안하이드로데옥시플렉시잔틴(Anhydrodeoxyflexixanthin); 안하이드로에스케스숄츠잔틴(Anhydroeschscholtzxanthin); 안하이드로루테인(Anhydrolutein); 안하이드로페리디닌(Anhydroperidinin); 안하이드로로도비브린(Anhydrorhodovibrin); 안하이드로사프로잔틴(Anhydrosaproxanthin); 안하이드로워밍올(Anhydrowarmingol); 안하이드로워밍온(Anhydrowarmingone); 안테라잔틴(Antheraxanthin); 아파니신(Aphanicin); 아파니콜(Aphanicol); 아파닌(Aphanin); 아판올(Aphanol); 아파니조필(Aphanizophyll); 8'-아포-베타-카로틴-8'-알(8'-Apo-beta-caroten-8-al); 10'-아포-베타-카로틴-10'-알; 12'-아포-베타-카로틴-12'-알; 14'-아포-베타-카로틴-14'-알; 6'-아포-프사이(psi)-카로틴-6'-알; 8'-아포-프사이-카로틴-8'-알; 베타-아포-2-카로틴알; 베타-아포-3-카로틴알; 베타-아포-4-카로틴알; 베타-아포-2'-카로틴알; 베타-아포-8'-카로틴알; 베타-아포-10'-카로틴알; 베타-아포-12'-카로틴알; 베타-아포-14'-카로틴알; 아포- 8,8'-카로틴디알; 8'-아포-베타-카로틴-3,8'-디올; 4'-아포-베타-카로틴-4'-산(4'-Apo-beta-carotene-8'-oic acid); 8'-아포-베타-카로틴-8'-산; 10'-아포-베타-카로틴-10'-산; 12'-아포-베타-카로틴-12'-산; 베타-아포-2'-카로틴산(beta-Apo-2'-carotenoic acid); 베타-아포-2'-카로틴산 메틸에스테르; 베타-아포-8'-카로틴산; 베타-아포-10'-카로틴산; 베타-아포-12'-카로틴산; 8'-아포-베타-카로틴-3-올; 베타-아포-2'-카로틴올; 아포-7-푸코잔틴올(Apo-7-fucoxanthinol); 아포-2-라이코펜알(Apo-2-lycopenal); 아포-3-라이코펜알; 아포- 6'-라이코펜알; 아포-8'-라이코펜알; 아포-10'-비올라잔탈(Apo-10'-violaxanthal); 아포-12'-비올라잔탈; 아포비올라잔틴알(Apoviolaxanthinal); 아포-2-제아잔틴알(Apo-2-zeaxanthinal); 아포-3-제아잔틴알; 아포-4-제아잔틴알; 아스타세인(Astacein); 아스타신(Astacene); 아스타신 디팔미테이트(Astacene dipalmitate); 아스타잔틴(Astaxanthin); 아스테린산(Asterinic acid); 아스테로이데논(Asteroidenone); 아심. 제타-카로틴(Asym. zeta-carotene); 아우로크롬(Aurochrome); 아우로잔틴(Auroxanthin); 아자프린(Azafrin); 아자린알데하이드(Azarrinaldehyde);
박테리아의 파이토엔(Bacterial phytoene); 박테리오에리트린 알파(Bacterioerythrin alpha); 박테리오에리트린 베타; 박테리오퍼퓨린 알파; 박테리오루베린; 알파-박테리오루베린; 박테리오루베린 디글리코시드; 박테리오루베린 모노글리코시드; 알파-박테리오루베린 모노메틸 에테르; 비스안하이드로박테리오루베린; 3,4,3',4'-비스데하이드로-베타-카로틴(3,4,3',4'-Bisdehydro-beta-carotene); 비스데하이드로라이코펜; 2,2'-비스(4-하이드록시-3-메틸-2-부테닐)-베타,베타-카로틴; 2,2'-비스[3-(글루코실옥시)-3-메틸부틸]-3,4,3',4'-테트라하이드로-1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1,1'-디올; 2,2'-비스[4-(베타,D-글루코피라노실옥시)-3-메틸-2-부테닐]-감마,감마-카로틴; 2,2'-비스(4-하이드록시-3-메틸-2-부테닐)-감마,감마-카로틴; 2,2'-비스(4-하이드록시-3-메틸-2-부테닐)-[엡시(epsi)],[엡시]-카로틴; 2,2'-비스(3-하이드록시-3-메틸부틸-3,4,3',4'-테트라하이드로-1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1,1'- 디올; 2,2'-비스(3-메틸-2-부테닐)-[엡시],[엡시]-카로틴; 2,2'-비스(3-메틸-2-부테닐-3,4,3',4'-테트라데하이드로-1,2-디하이드로(dihydro)-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1-올; 2,2'-비스(3-메틸-2-부테닐)-3,4,3',4'-테트라데하이드로-1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1,1'-디올; 2,2'-비스(3-메틸-2-부테닐)-1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1,1'-디올; 2,2'-비스(O-메틸-5-C-메틸펜토실옥시)-3,4,3',4'-테트라데하이드로-1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1,1'-디올; 3,3'-비스(람노실옥시(rhamnosyloxy))-베타,베타-카로틴; 2,2'-비스(람노실옥시)-3,4,3',4'-테트라데하이드로-1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1,1'-디올; 빅신(Bixin);
칼로잔틴(Caloxanthin); 칼타잔틴(Calthaxanthin); 칸타잔틴(Canthaxanthin); 캡산틴(Capsanthin); 캡산틴 에폭사이드(Capsanthin epoxide); 캡산티논(Capsanthinone); 캡산톤(Capsanthone); 캡소크롬(Capsochrome); 캡소루빈(Capsorubin); 캡소루비디온(Capsorubindione); 캡소루본(Capsorubone); 카란고잔틴(Carangoxanthin); 16'-카르복실-3',4'-데하이드로-감마-카로틴; 카르시노잔틴(Carcinoxanthin); 카리카잔틴(Caricaxanthin); 베타-카로틴알(beta-Carotenal); 프사이,프사이-카로틴-20-알; 카로틴; 카로틴 X; 알파-카로틴; 베타-카로틴; 베타,베타-카로틴; 베타,감마-카로틴; 베타,[엡시]-카로틴; 베타, [파이(phi)]-카로틴; 베타,프사이-카로틴; 감마-카로틴; 감마,감마-카로틴; 감마,프사이-카로틴; [델타]-카로틴; [엡시]-카로틴; [엡시](l)-카로틴; [엡시],[엡시]-카로틴; [엡시],프사이-카로틴; 제타-카로틴; 제타-카로틴, 비대칭(asym.); 에타-카로틴; [세 타(theta)]-카로틴; 자이-카로틴; [파이]-카로틴; [파이],[파이]-카로틴; [파이,X-카로틴; [파이],프사이-카로틴; X,X-카로틴; 프사이-카로틴; 프사이,알파-카로틴; 프사이,프사이-카로틴; [세타]-카로틴; 베타-카로틴-5,6,5',6'-디에폭사이드; 베타-카로틴-5,8,5',8'-디에폭사이드; 베타,베타-카로틴-2,2'-디올; 베타,베타-카로틴-2,3-디올; 베타,베타-카로틴-3,4-디올; 베타,베타-카로틴-3,3'-디올; 베타,베타-카로틴-4,4'-디올; 베타,[엡시]-카로틴-3,2'-디올; 베타,[엡시]-카로틴-3,3'-디올; 베타,프사이-카로틴-2,3-디올; 베타,프사이-카로틴-3,3'-디올; [엡시],[엡시]-카로틴-3,3'-디올; [파이],[파이]-카로틴-3,3'-디올; 프사이,프사이-카로틴-16,16'-디올; 베타,베타-카로틴-3,3'-디올 디팔미테이트(dipalmitate); 베타,[엡시]-카로틴-3,3'-디올 디팔미테이트; 베타,베타-카로틴-2,2'-디온; 베타,베타-카로틴-3,4-디온; 베타,베타-카로틴-4,4'-디온; 베타,프사이-카로틴-3,4-디온; [엡시],[엡시]-카로틴-3,3'-디온; 베타,카이(chi)-카로틴-3',6'-디온; 베타,X-카로틴-3,4-디온; 베타,프사이-카로틴-4,4'-디온; 베타,[파이]-카로틴-3,4-디온; 프사이,프사이- 카로틴-4,4'-디온; 알파-카로틴-5,6-에폭사이드; 베타-카로틴-5,6-에폭사이드; 재타-카로틴 에폭사이드; 카로틴 옥사이드; 베타,베타-카로틴-3,4,3',4'-테트롤(tetrol); 베타,베타-카로틴-2,3,2',3'-테트롤; 베타,베타-카로틴-3,4,3',4'-테트론(tetrone); 카이,카이-카로틴-3,6,3',6'-테트론; 베타,베타-카로틴-2,3,2'-트리올; 베타,베타-카로틴-2,3,3'-트리올; 베타,베타-카로틴-3,4,3'-트리올; 베타,베타-카로틴-3,4,4'-트리올; 베타,[엡시]-카로틴-3,4,3'-트리올; 베타,[엡시]-카로틴-3,19,3'-트리올; 베타,[엡시]-카로틴-3,20,3'-트리올; 베타,베타-카로틴-3,4,4'-트 리온; 베타,베타-카로틴-2-올; 베타,베타-카로틴-3-올; 베타,베타-카로틴-4-올; 베타,[엡시]-카로틴-2-올; 베타,[엡시]-카로틴-3-올; 베타,[엡시]-카로틴-3'-올; 베타,[엡시]-카로틴-4-올; 베타,[파이]-카로틴-3-올; 베타,X-카로틴-3-올; 베타,프사이-카로틴-3-올; 베타,프사이-카로틴-4'-올; [엡시],프사이-카로틴-3-올; [파이],[파이]-카로틴-3-올; [파이],[파이]-카로틴-16-올; [파이],[파이]-카로틴-20-올; 카로티논알데하이드(Carotenonaldehyd); 베타-카로티논; 베타,베타-카로틴-2-온; 베타,베타-카로틴-4-온; 베타,[엡시]-카로틴-2-온; 베타,[엡시]-카로틴-4-온; 베타,프사이-카로틴-4-온; 감마-카로틴-4-온; 알파-카로톤(alpha-Carotone); 셀라잔틴(Celaxanthin); 치리키잔틴(Chiriquixanthin) A; 치리키잔틴(Chiriquixanthin) B; 클로렐라잔틴(Chlorellaxanthin); 클로로박틴(Chlorobactene); 클로로잔틴(Chloroxanthin); 크리산테마잔틴(Chrysanthemaxanthin); 시트라나잔틴(Citranaxanthin); 알파-시트라우린(alpha-Citraurin); 베타-시트라우린; 베타-시트라우리넨(beta- Citraurinene); 베타-시트라우리놀(beta-Citraurinol); 시트로잔틴(Citroxanthin); 화합물 X; Cp.: 코리네박테리움 포인세티애(Corynebacterium poinsettiae); 코리네잔틴(Corynexanthin); 코리네잔틴 글루코시드; C.p.; C.p.; C.p.; 크로세틴(Crocetin); 감마-크로세틴; 크로세틴디알(데하이드); 크로세틴 디글루코실 에스테르; 크로세틴 디메틸 에스테르; 크로세틴 젠티오비오실(gentiobiosyl) 글루코실 디에스테르; 크로세틴 글루코실 메틸 디에스테르; 크로세틴 모노젠티오비오실 에스테르; 크로세틴세미알데하이드; 크로신(Crocin); 크로코잔틴(Crocoxanthin); 크루스타잔틴(Crustaxanthin); 크립토캡신(Cryptocapsin); 크립토캡손(Cryptocapsone); 크립토크롬(Cryptochrome); 알파-크립토에우트렙티엘라논(alpha-Cryptoeutreptiellanone); 베타-크립토에우트렙디엘라논(beta-Cryptoeutreptiellanone); 크립토플라빈(Cryptoflavin); 크립토모나잔틴(Cryptomonaxanthin); 크립토잔텐(Cryptoxanthene); 크립토잔틴(Cryptoxanthin); 알파-크립토잔틴; 베타-크립토잔틴; 크립토잔틴-5,6,5',6'-디에폭사이드; 크립토잔틴-5,6,5',8'-디에폭사이드; 크립토잔틴-5,8,5',8'-디에폭사이드; 크립토잔틴-5,6-에폭사이드; 크립토잔틴-5,8-에폭사이드; 크립토잔톨; 큐커비타잔틴(Cucurbitaxanthin); 시클릭(Cyclic) 제타-카로틴; 신티아잔틴(Cynthiaxanthin); 데카하이드로-베타-카로틴; 1,2,7,8,11,12,7',8',11',12'-데카하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 7,8,11,12,15,7',8',11',12',15'-데카하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 1,2,7,8,11,12,7',8',11',12'-데카하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1-올; 데카하이드로라이코펜; 데카프레노잔틴(Decaprenoxanthin); 데카프레노잔틴 디글루코시드; 데카프로노잔틴 모노글루코시드; 디에폭시네오잔틴(Deepoxyneoxanthin); 데하이드로(Dehydro-) 또한 비스데하이드로(Bisdehydro-), 다이데하이드로(Didehydro-), 모노데하이드로데하이드로아도니루빈(MonodehydroDehydroadonirubin); 데하이드로아도니잔틴(Dehydroadonixanthin); 데하이드로카로틴 II; 데하이드로카로틴 III; 데하이드로-베타-카로틴; 3,4-데하이드로-베타-카로틴; 3',4'-데하이드로-감마-카로틴; 3',4'-데하이드로크립토잔틴; 데하이드로지난스-P(Dehydrogenans-P); 데하이드로지난스-P(Dehydrogenans-P); 데하이드로지난스-P; 데하이드로지난스-P; 데하이드로지난스-P 439 모노-OH; 데하이드로지난스-파이토엔(dehydrogenans-Phytoene); 데하이드로지난스-파이토플루엔(dehydrogenans-Phytofluene); 데하이드로하이드록시에키네논(Dehydrohydroxyechinenone); 3'-데하이드로루테인; 3,4-데하이드로라이코펜-16-알; 데하이드로라이코펜(Dehydrolycopene); 3,4-데하이드로라이코펜(Dehydrolycopene); 15,15'-데하이드로라이코페르센(Dehydrolycopersene); 7',8',11',12'-데하이드로노나프레노잔틴(Dehydrononaprenoxanthin); 11',12'-데하이드로노나프레노잔틴(Dehydrononaprenoxanthin); 3',4'-데하이드로-17'(또는 18')-옥소-감마-카로틴; 데하이드로파필리오에리트린(Dehydropapilioerythrin); 11,12-데하이드로파이토엔; 11',12'-데하이드로파이토엔; 2'-데하이드로플렉타니아잔틴(Dehydroplectaniaxanthin); 데하이드로레트로카로틴(Dehydroretrocarotene); 3,4-데하이드로로도핀(Dehydrorhodopin); 데하이드로로도비브린(Dehydrorhodovibrin); 3',4'-데하이드로라비잔틴(Dehydrorabixanthin); 데하이드로스쿠알렌(Dehydrosqualene); 7,8,7',8'-데하이드로제아잔틴; 7,8-데하이드로제이노잔틴; 데메틸(화된) 스피어로이딘(Demethyl(ated) spheroidene); 데옥시플렉시잔틴(Deoxyflexixanthin); 데옥시루테인 I; 데스하이드록시데캡레노잔틴(Deshydroxydecaprenoxanthin); 디아디노크롬(Diadinochrome); 디아디노잔틴(Diadinoxanthin); 디안하이드로에스크숄츠잔틴(Dianhydroeschscholtzxanthin); 4,4'-디아포(Diapo)-제타-카로틴; 4,4'-디아포카로틴-4-알; 4,4'-디아포카로틴-4,4'-디알; 8,8'-디아포카로틴-8,8'-디알; 6,6'-디아포카로틴-6,6'-디오산; 8,8'-디아포카로틴-8,8'-디오산; 4,4'-디아포카로틴-4-산(4,4'-Diapocaroten-4-oic acid); 4,4'-디아포뉴로스포렌(Diaponeurosporene); 4,4'-디아포뉴로스포렌-4-산; 4,4'-디아포파이토엔; 4,4'-디아포파이토플루엔; 4,4'-디아포-7,8,11,12-테트라하이드로라이코펜; 디아토잔틴; 디데하이드로(Didehydro-), 또한 데하이드로(Dehydro-), 모노하이드로 3',4'-디데하이드로-2'-아포-베타-카로틴-2'-알; 3',4'-디데하이드로-2'-아포-베타-카로틴-2'-올; 7,8-디데하이드로마스타잔틴; 3',4'-디데하이드로-베타,프사이- 카로틴-16'-알; 3,4-디데하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-16-알; 3,4-디데하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴; 4,4'-디데하이드로-베타-카로틴; 3,4-디데하이드로-베타,[엡시]-카로틴; 3,4-디데하이드로-베타,[파이]-카로틴; 3,4-디데하이드로-베타,X-카로틴; 3',4'-디데하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴; 3',4'-디데하이드로-감마,프사이-카로틴; 7,8-디데하이드로-[파이],[파이]-카로틴; 7,8-디데하이드로-[파이],X-카로틴; 3,4-디데하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 7,8-디데하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,3'-디올; 7,8-디데하이드로-베타,[엡시]-카로틴-3,3'-디올; 3,4-디데하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-2,2'-디온; 3',4'-디데하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-16'-산; 3',4'-디데하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3-올; 3',4'-디데하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-4-올; 7,8-디데하이드로-베타,[엡시]-카로틴-3-올; 7,8-디데하이드로-베타,[파이]-카로틴-3-올; 7,8-디데하이드로-베타,X-카로틴-3-올; 3',4'-디데하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-3-올; 3',4'-디데하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-16'-올; 3',4'-디데하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-18'-올; 3',4'-디데하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-4-온; 3',4'-디데하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-4-온; 7',8'-디데하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,4,3'-트리올; 3,4-디데하이드로-1,2-디하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 3,4-디데하이드로-1,2-디하이드로-프사이,프사이-카 로틴-20-알; 6,7-디데하이드로-5,6-디하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,3'-디올; 3',4'-디데하이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-3,1'-디올; 3',4'-디데하이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-1',2'-디올; 3',4'-디데하이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-4,2'-디온; 3,4-디데하이드로-1,2-디하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1,2-디올; 7',8'-디데하이드로-5,6-디하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,5,6,3'-테트롤; 6,7-디데하이드로-5,6-디하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,5,3'-트리올; 7',8'-디데하이드로-5,6-디하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,5,3'-트리올; 3',4'-디데하이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-2,1',2'-트리올; 1',16'-디데하이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-2'-올; 3',4'-디데하이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-1'-올; 3',4'-디데하이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-2'-올; 3,4-디데하이드로-1,2-디하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1-올; 3',4'-디하이드로-18'-하이드록시-감마-카로틴; 7,8-디데하이드로이소레니어라틴(Didehydroisorenieratene); 3',4'-디데하이드로-4-케토-감마-카로틴; 7,8-디데하이드로레니어라틴; 4',5'-디데하이드로-4,5'-레트로-베타,베타-카로틴; 4',5'-디데하이드로-4,5'-레트로-베타,프사이-카로틴; 디데하이드로레트로-감마-카로틴; 4',5'-디데하이드로-4,5'-레트로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,3'-디올; 4',5'-디데하이드로-4,5'-레트로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,3'-디온; 10',11'-디데하이드로-5,8,11',12' 테트라하이드로-10'-아포-베타-카로틴-3,5,8-트리올; 6',7'-디데하이드로-5,6,5',6' 테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,5,6,3',5'-펜톨; 6,7-디데하이드로-5,6,5',6'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,5,3',5'-테트롤; 3,4-디데하이 드로-1,2,7',8'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1-올; 디데하이드로트리켄트리오로딘(Didehydrotrikentriorhodin); 7,8-디데하이드로제아잔틴; 디데메틸레이티드 스피릴로잔틴; 1,2,1',2'-디에폭시-2,2'-비스(3-하이드록시-3-메틸부틸)3,4-디데하이드로-1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 디에폭시-베타-카로틴; 5,8,5',8'-디에폭시트립토잔틴; 5,6,5',6'-디에폭시-5,6,5',6'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴; 5,6,5',8'-디에폭시-5,6,5',8'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴; 5,8,5',8'-디에폭시-5,8,5',8'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴; 5,6,5',6'-디에폭시-5,6,5',6'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,3'-디올; 5,6,5',8'-디에폭시-5,6,5',8'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,3'-디올; 5,8,5',8'-디에폭시-5,8,5',8'테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,3'-디올; 5,6,5',6'-디에폭시-5,6,5',6'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3-올; 5,6,5',8'-디에폭시- 5,6,5',8'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3-올; 5,8,5',8'-디에폭시-5,8,5',8'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3-올; 5,6,5',8'-디에폭시제아잔틴; 5,8,5',8'-디에폭시제아잔틴; 디젠티오비오실(Digentiobiosyl)-8,8'-디아포카로틴-8,8'-디오에이트(dioate); 디-(베타,D-글루코피라노시(glucopyranosyi))-4,4'-디아포카로틴-4,4'-디오에이트; 디클루코실 8,8'-디아포카로틴-8,8'-디오에이트; 디하이드로안하이드로로도비브린(Dihydroanhydrorhodovibrin); 9',10'-디하이드로-9'-아포-베타-카로틴-3,9'-디온; 9',10'-디하이드로-9'-아포-[엡시]-카로틴-3,9'-디온; 7',8'-디하이드로-7'-아포-베타-카로틴-8'-온; 5',6'-디하이드로-5'-아포-18'-노르(nor)-베타-카로틴-6'-온; 7,8-디히아드로아스타잔틴; 베타-디하이드로카로틴; 1,1'-디하이 드로-베타-카로틴; 3,4-디하이드로-베타-카로틴; 7,7'-디하이드로-베타-카로틴; 7',8'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴; 7',8'-디하이드로-감마-카로틴; 7,8'-디하이드로-감마,프사이-카로틴; 7',8'-디하이드로-[델타]-카로틴; 7',8'-디하이드로-[엡시],프사이-카로틴; 1,2-디하이드로-제타-카로틴; 1,2-디하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 7,8-디하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 7,8-디하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,3'-디올; 7',8'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-3,17'-디올; 9',10'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-3,17'-디올; 7',8'-디하이드로-[엡시],프사이-카로틴-3,17'-디올; 1,2-디하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1,20-디올; 5,6-디하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,5,6,3'-테트롤; 5,6-디하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,5,3'-트리올; 1,2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-1'-올; 7',8'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-3-올; 1',2'-디하이드로-[파이],프사이-카로틴-1'-올; 1,2-디하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1-올; 5,6-디하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,5,6,3'-테트롤; 5,6-디하이드로-베타,[엡시]-카로틴-3,5,6,3'-테트롤; 7,8 (또는 7',8)-디하이드로데카프레노잔틴(Dihydrodecaprenoxanthin) 모노글루코시드; 1',2'-디하이드로-3',4'-데하이드로-3,1'-디하이드록시-감마-카로틴; 1,2-디하이드로-3,4-데하이드로라이코펜; 1,2-디하이드로-3,4-데하이드로-1-OH-라이코펜; 7,8-디하이드로-4,4'-디아포카로틴; 7',8'-디하이드로-4,4'-디아포카로틴-4-알; 7',8'-디하이드로-4,4'-디아포카로틴-4-산; 1',2'-디하이드로-3',4'-디데하이드로-3,1'-디하이드록시-감마-카로틴-2'-일 람노시드(rhamnoside); 1',2'-디하이드로-1',2'-디하이드록시-4-케토토룰렌(ketotorulene); 1',2'-디하이드로-3,1'-디하이드록시토룰렌(dihydroxytorulene) 글루코시드; 1',2'-디하이드로-3,1'-디하이드록시토루렌 람노시드; 1',2'-디하이드로-4,2'-디케토토룰렌; 3'-디하이드로-[박스H]-도라데신(doradecin); 1',2'-디하이드로-1'-글루코실-3,4-데하이드로토룰렌; 1',2'-디하이드로-1'-글루코실-4-케토토룰렌; 1',2'-디하이드로-1'-하이드록시-감마-카로틴; 1',2'-디하이드로-1'-하이드록시카이오로박텐(hydroxychiorobactene); 1',2'-디하이드로-2'-하이드록시-3',4'-데하이드로-4-케토-감마-카로틴; 1',2'-디하이드로-1'-하이드록시-3,4-데하이드로토룰렌 글루코시드; 1',2'-디하이드로-1'-하이드록시-4-케토-감마-카로틴; 1',2'-디하이드로-1'-하이드록시-4-케토톨루렌; 1',2'-디하이드로-1'-하이드록시-4-케토톨루렌 글루코시드; 1',2'-디하이드로-1'-하이드록시스페로이딘온(hydroxyspheroideneone); 1',2'-디하이드로-1'-하이드록시토룰렌 글루코시드; 1',2'-디하이드로-1'-하이드록시토룰렌 람노시드; 1,2-디하이드로라이코펜; 1',2'-디하이드로라이코펜; 7,8-디하이드로라이코펜; 1,2-디하이드로-1-메톡시-라이코펜-20-알; 디하이드로메톡시라이코펜; 5,6-디하이드로-4-메톡시-라이코펜-6-온; 1,2-디하이드로뉴로스포렌(Dihydroneurosporene); 1',2'-디하이드로뉴로스포렌; 1,2-디하이드로-1-OH-라이코펜; 1',2'-디하이드로-1'-OH-토룰렌; 2'-디하이드로필립시아잔틴; 디하이드로파이토엔; 1,2-디하이드로파이토엔; 1',2'-디하이드로파이토엔; 1,2-디하이드로파이토플루엔; 1',2'-디하이드로파이토플루엔; 7,8-디하이드로-8,7'-레트로-베타,베타-카로틴; 7',8'-디하이드로로도비브린; 7,8(또는 7',8')-디하이드로사르시나잔틴(Dihydrosarcinaxanthin); 3,4-디하이드로스피로이딘(Dihydrospheroidene); 11',12'-디하이드로스피로이딘; 3,4-디하이드로스피릴로 잔틴; 3,3'-디하이드록시칸타잔틴; 3,3'-디하이드록시-알파-카로틴; 3,4-디하이드록시-베타-카로틴; 2,3-디하이드록시-베타,베타-카로틴-4,4'-디온; 3,3'-디하이드록시-[엡시]-카로틴; 2,3'-디하이드록시-베타,베타-카로틴-4,4'-디온; 3,3'-디하이드록시-베타,베타-카로틴-4,4'-디온; 3,3'-디하이드록시-베타,[엡시]-카로틴-4,2'-디온; 3,3'-디하이드록시-베타,카이-카로틴-4,6'-디온; 3,3'-디하이드록시-카이,카이-카로틴-6,6'-디온; 2,3-디하이드록시-베타,베타-카로틴-4-온; 3,3'-디하이드록시-베타,베타-카로틴-4-온; 3,2'-디하이드록시-베타,[엡시]-카로틴-4-온; 3,3'-디하이드록시-베타,[엡시]-카로틴-4-온; 3,3'-디하이드록시-베타,카이-카로틴-6'-온; 3,8-디하이드록시-카이,X-카로틴-6-온; 3,3'-디하이드록시데하이드로-베타-카로틴; 3,3'-디하이드록시-7,8-데하이드로-베타-카로틴; 3,3'-디하이드록시-7,8,7',8'-데하이드로-베타-카로틴; 3,3'-디하이드록시-7,8-데하이드로-베타-카로틴-5',6'-에폭사이드; 3,3'-디하이드록시-2,3-디데하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-4,4'-디온; 3,3'-디하이드록시-7,8-디데하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-4,4'-디온; 3',8'-디하이드록시-7,8-디데하이드로-베타,카이-카로틴-3',6'-디온; 3,3'-디하이드록시-2,3-디데하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-4-온; 3,3'-디하이드록시-7',8'-디데하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-4-온; 3,4'-디하이드록시-2,3-디데하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-4-온; 3,3'-디하이드록시-2,3-디데하이드로-베타,[엡시]-카로틴-4-온; 3,8-디하이드록시-7',8'-디데하이드로-카이,X-카로틴-6-온; 3,6'-디하이드록시-7,8-디데하이드로-6',7'-디하이드로-베타,[엡시]-카로틴-3',8'-디온; 3,3'-디하이드록시-7,8-디데하이드로-7',8'-디하이드로-베타,카이-카로틴-6',8'-디온; 3,1'-디하이드록시-3',4'-디데하 이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-4-온; 1',2'-디하이드록시-3',4'-디데하이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-4-온; 3,5-디하이드록시-6,7-디데하이드로-5,6,7',8'-테트라하이드로-7'-아포-베타-카로틴-8'-온; 6,3'-디하이드록시-7',8'-디데하이드로-5,6,7,8-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,8-디온; 3,3'-디하이드록시-5,8,5',8'-디에폭시-베타-카로틴; 5,6-디하이드록시-5,6-디하이드로-10'-아포-베타-카로틴-10'-알; 5,6-디하이드록시-5,6-디하이드로-10'-아포-베타-카로틴-10'-산; 5,6-디하이드록시-5,6-디하이드로-12'-아포-베타-카로틴-12'-산; 3,3'-디하이드록시-7,8-디하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-4,4'-디온; 3,1'-디하이드록시-1',2'-디하이드로토룰렌; 1',2'-디하이드록시-1',2'-디하이드로토룰렌; 3,3'-디하이드록시-4,4'-디케토-베타-카로틴; 3,3'-디하이드록시-2,2'-디노르-베타,베타-카로틴-4,4'-디온-3,3'-디아실레이트; 3,19-디하이드록시-3',6'-디옥소-7,8-디데하이드로-베타,카이-카로틴-17-알; 1,1'-디하이드록시-2,2'-디람노실-1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로-3,4,3',4'-테트라하이드로라이코펜; 3,3'-디하이드록시에키네논(Dihydroxyechinenone); 3,3'-디하이드록시-5,6-에폭시-알파카로틴; 3,3'-디하이드록시-5,8-에폭시-알파-카로틴; 3,3'-디하이드록시-5,6-에폭시-베타-카로틴; 3,3'-디하이드록시-5,8-에폭시-베타-카로틴; 2-(디하이드록시이소펜테닐)-2'-이소펜테닐-베타-카로틴; 3,3'-디하이드록시이소레니어라텐(Dihydroxyisorenieratene); 3,3'-디하이드록시-4-케토-지카로틴(gcarotene); 3,3'-디하이드록시로테오크롬(Dihydroxyluteochrome); 디하이드록실라이코펜(Dihydroxylycopene); 3,1'-디하이드록시-2'-(5-C-메틸펜토실옥시)-3',4'-디데하 이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-4-온; 디하이드록시뉴로스포렌; 2',3'-디하이드록시-2-노르-베타,베타-카로틴-3,4-디온; 3,3'-디하이드록시-2-노르-13-베타,베타-카로틴-4,4'-디온-3-아실레이트; 3,3'-디하이드록시-2-노르-13-베타,베타-카로틴-4,4'-디온-3,3'-디-아실레이트; 1,2-디하이드록시파이토플루렌; 디하이드록시피라르디잔틴(Dihydroxypirardixanthin); 3,3'-디하이드록시레트로-베타-카로틴; 3,3'-디하이드록시-2,3,2',3'-테트라데하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-4,4'-디온; 3,3'-디하이드록시-7,8,7',8'-테트라데하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-4,4'-디온; 3,3'-디하이드록시-2,3,2',3'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-4,4'-디온 디팔미테이트; 3,3'-디하이드록시-7,8,7',8'-테트라데하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-4-온; 1,1'-디하이드록시-3,4,3',4'-테트라데하이드로-1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-2,2'-디온; 3,8'-디하이드록시-5',6',7',8'-테트라하이드로-5'-아포-18'-노르-베타-카로틴-6'-온; 1,1'-디하이드록시-1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로-제타-카로틴; 5,5'-디하이드록시-5,6,5',6'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,3'-디온; 3,3'-디하이드록시-7,8,7',8'-테트라하이드로-카이,카이-카로틴-6,6'-디온; 9',10'-디하이드로-베타-제아카로틴-3,17'-이올; 디케토-, 또한 디옥소- 또는 -디온 2,2'-디케토박테리오루베린; 3,4-디케토-베타-카로틴; 4,4'-디케토-베타-카로틴; 4,4'-디케토-감마-카로틴; 4,4'-디케토신티아잔틴(Diketocynthiaxanthin); 3,3'-디케토데하이드로-베타-카로틴; 4,4'-디케토라이코펜; 디케토피라디잔틴(Diketopirardixanthin); 3,3'-디케토레트로-베타-카로틴; 3,3'-디케토레트로데하이드로-베타-카로틴, 2,2'-디케토스피릴로잔틴, 4,4'-디케토-7,8,7',8'-테트레이 드 하이드로제아잔틴(tetrade hydrozeaxanthin); 3,3'-디메톡시-베타,베타-카로틴; 3,3'-디메톡시-베타,[엡시]-카로틴; 3,3'-디메톡시-감마-카로틴; 3,3'-디메톡시-3',4'-데하이드로-감마-카로틴; 1,1'-디메톡시-3,4-디데하이드로-1,2,1',2',7',8'-헥사하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 1,1'-디메톡시-3,4-디데하이드로-1,2,1',2',7',8'-헥사하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-2-온; 1,1'-디메톡시-3,4-디데하이드로-1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 1,1'-디메톡시-3',4'-디데하이드로-1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-4-온; 1,1'-디메톡시-1,2,7,8,1',2'-헥사하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 1,1'-디메톡시-1,2,7,8,11,12,1',2'-옥타하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 1,1'-디메톡시-3,4,3',4'-테트라하이드로-1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 1,1'-디메톡시-3,4,3',4'-테트라하이드로-1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-2,2'-디온; 1,1'-디메톡시-1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-20-알; 1,1'-디메톡시-1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 1,1'-디메톡시-1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-4,4'-디온; 1,1'-디메톡시-1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로라이코펜; 1,1'-디메톡시-1,1',2,2'-테트라하이드로뉴로스로렌(tetrahydroneurosporene); 디메틸크로세틴(Dimethylcrocetin); 디메틸-6,6'-디아포카로틴-6,6'-디오에이트(dioate); 디메틸-8,8'-디아포카로틴-8,8'-디오에이트; 디네아폴리타노실(Dineapolitanosyl)-8,8'-디아포카로틴-8,8'-디오에이트; 2,2-디노르-베타,베타-카로틴-3,4,3',4'-테트론(tetrone); 디노잔틴(Dinoxanthin); 3,3'-디옥시(Dioxi)-4-옥소-베타-카로틴; 디옥소-, 또한 디케토- 또는 -디온-5,6- 디옥소-10'-아포-5,6-세코-베타-카로틴-10'-알; 5,6,5',6'-디세코-베타,베타-카로틴-5,6,5',6'-테트론; 7,8,11,12,13,14,15,7',8',11',12',15'-도데카하이드로-13,15':14,15'비스시클로-15,15'-세코-프사이,프사이-카로틴-15-올; 도데카하이드로라이코펜; 알파-도라데신(alpha-Doradecin); 베타-도라데신;알파-도라데잔틴;베타-도라데잔틴;
에키네논(Echinenone); 에키니논(Echininone); 엘로잔틴(Eloxanthin); 6-에피카르포잔틴(Epikarpoxanthin); 3'-에피루테인(Epilutein); 5,6-에폭시-알파-카로틴; 5,8-에폭시-알파-카로틴; 5,8-에폭시-베타-카로틴; 1,2-에폭시-1,2,7,8,11,12,7',8',11',12'-데카하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 5,6-에폭시-7',8'-디데하이드로-5,6-디하이드로-베타,-베타-카로틴-3,3'-디올; 5,8-에폭시-7',8'-디데하이드로-5,8-디하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,3'-디올; 1',2'-에폭시-3',4'-디데하이드로-1,2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-2-올; 5',6'-에폭시-6,7-디데하이드로-5,6,5',6'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,5,19(또는 19'),3'-테트롤; 5',6'-에폭시-6,7-디데하이드로-5,6,5',6'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,5,5'-트리올; 5',6'-에폭시-6,7-디데하이드로-5,6,5,6'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,5,3'-트리올-3-아세테이트; 5',8'-에폭시-6,7-디데하이드로-5,6,5',8'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,5,3'-트리올; 5,6-에폭시-5,6-디하이드로-12'-아포-베타-카로틴-3,12'-디올; 5,8-에폭시-5,8-디하이드로-10'-아포-베타-카로틴-3,10'-디올; 5,8-에폭시-5,8-디하이드로-12'-아포-베타-카로틴-3,12'-디올; 5,6-에폭시-5,6-디하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴; 5,8-에폭시-5,8-디하이드로-베 타,베타-카로틴; 5,6-에폭시-5,6-디하이드로-베타,[엡시]-에카로틴(Ecarotene); 5,8-에폭시-5,8-디하이드로-베타,[엡시]-카로틴; 1',2'-에폭시-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴; 1',2'-에폭시-1',2'-디하이드로-[엡시],프사이-카로틴; 1,2-에폭시-1,2-디하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 5,6-에폭시-5,6-디하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 5,6-에폭시-5,6-디하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,3'-디올; 5,8-에폭시-5,8-디하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,3'-디올; 5,6-에폭시-5,6-디하이드로-베타,[엡시]-카로틴-3,3'-디올; 5,6-에폭시-5,6-디하이드로-베타,[엡시]-카로틴-3,3'-디올 디팔미테이트; 5,8-에폭시-5,8-디하이드로-베타,[엡시]-카로틴-3,3'-디올; 5,6-에폭시-5,6-디하이드로-베타,[엡시]-카로틴-3,3',6'-트리올; 5,8-에폭시-5,8-디하이드로-베타,[엡시]-카로틴-3,3',6'-트리올; 5,6-에폭시-5,6-디하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-2-올; 5,6-에폭시-5,6-디하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3-올; 5',8'-에폭시-5',8'-디하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3-올; 5,6-에폭시-5,6-디하이드로-베타,[엡시]-카로틴-2-올; 5,6-에폭시-5,6-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-3-올; 5,8-에폭시-5,8-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-3-올; 5,8-에폭시-3,3'-디하이드록시-알파-카로틴; 5,6-에폭시-3,3'-디하이드록시-7',8'-디데하이드로-5,6,7,8-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-8-온; 5',6'-에폭시-3,3'-디하이드록시-7,8-디데하이드로-5',6'-디하이드로-10,11,20-트리노르-베타,베타-카로틴-19',11'-올라이드(olide); 5',6'-에폭시-3,3'-디하이드록시-4,7-디데하이드로-5',6'-디하이드로-10,11,20-트리노르-베타,베타-카로틴-19',11'-올라이드 3-아세테이트; 5',6'-에폭시-3,3'-디하이드록시-7,8-디데하이드로-5',6'-디하이드로-10,11,20-트리노르-베 타,베타-카로틴-19',11'-올라이드 3-아세테이트; 5,6-에폭시-3,3'-디하이드록시-5,6-디하이드로-베타,카이-카로틴-6'-온; 5,8-에폭시-3,3'-디하이드록시-5,8-디하이드로-베타,카이-카로틴-6'-온; 5,6-에폭시-3,3'-디하이드록시-5,6,7',8'-테트라하이드로-베타,[엡시]-카로틴-11',19'-올라이드; 1',2'-에폭시-2'-(2,3-에폭시-3-메틸부틸)-2-(3-하이드록시-3-메틸부틸)-3',4'-디데하이드로-1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1-올; 1,2-에폭시-1,2,7,8,7',8'-헥사하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 5,6-에폭시-3-하이드록시-8'-아포-베타-카로틴-8'-알; 5,6-에폭시-5,6-디하이드로-10'-아포-베타-카로틴-3,10'-디올; 5,8-에폭시-3-하이드록시-감마-카로틴; 5,8-에폭시-3-하이드록시-5,8-디하이드로-8'-아포-베타-카로틴-8'-알; 5,6-에폭시-3-하이드록시-5,6-디하이드로-10'-아포-베타-카로틴-10'-알 502; 5,6-에폭시-3-하이드록시-5,6-디하이드로-12'-아포-베타-카로틴-12'-알; 5,6-에폭시-3-하이드록시-5,6,7',8'-테트라하이드로-7'-아포-베타-카로틴-8'-온; 5,8-에폭시루테인; 1,2-에폭시-1,2,7,8,11,12,7',8'옥타하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 1,2-에폭시-1,2,7,8,7',8',11',12'옥타하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 1',2'-에폭시-7,8,11,12,1',2',7',8'-옥타하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-2-올; 1,2-에폭시파이토엔; 5,8-에폭시루비잔틴(Epoxyrubixanthin); 5',8'-에폭시-5,6,5',8'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,5,6,3'-테트롤; 5',6'-에폭시-5,6,5',6'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,5,6,3'-테트롤; 5,6-에폭시-3',4',7',8'-테트라데하이드로-5,6-디하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-4-온; 5,6-에폭시-3,3',5',19'-테트라-하이드록시-6',7'-디데하이드로-5,6,7,8,5',6'-헥사하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-8-온 3'-아세테 이트 19'-헥사노에이트; 5,6-에폭시-3,3',5'-트리하이드록시-6',7'-디데하이드로-5,6,7,8,5',6'-헥사하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-8-온; 5,6-에폭시-3,3',5'-트리하이드록시-6',7'-디데하이드로-5,6,7,8,5',6'-헥사하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-8-온 3-아세테이트; 5',6'-에폭시-3,5,3'-트리하이드록시-6,7-디데하이드로-5,6,5',6'-테트라하이드로-10,11,20-트리노르-베타,베타-카로틴-19',11'-올라이드; 5',6'-베타,베타-카로틴-19',11'-올라이드 3-아세테이트; 4',5'-에폭시-3,6,3'-트리하이드록시-7,8,4',5',7',8'-헥사하이드로-감마,[엡시]-카로틴-8-온; 5,6-에폭시제아잔틴; 5,8-에폭시제아잔틴; 에스크숄츠잔틴(Eschscholtzxanthin); 에스크숄츠잔톤(Eschscholtzxanthone); 4'-에톡시-베타,베타-카로틴-4-온; 4'-에톡시-4-케토-베타-카로틴; 유클레나논(Euglenanone); 유클레나로돈(Euglenarhodon); 유트렙티엘라논(Eutreptiellanone);
플라바신(Flavacin); 플라보크롬(Flavochrome); 플라보로딘(Flavorhodin); 플라보잔틴(Flavoxanthin); 플렉시잔틴(Flexixanthin); 폴리아크롬(Foliachrome); 폴리아잔틴(Foliaxanthin);
가자니아잔틴(Gazaniaxanthin); 베타,D-젠티오바이오실(beta,D-Gentiobiosyl) 베타 ,D-글루코실-8,8'-디아포카로틴-8,8'-디오에이트; 젠티오비오실 하이드로겐-8,8'-디오에이트; 젠티오비오실 네아폴리타노실 8,8'-디아포카로틴-8,8'-디오에이트; 베타,D-글루코실-하이드로겐-4,4'-디아포카로틴-4,4'-디오에이트; 4'-베타,D-글루코실 4-하이드로겐-7',8'-디하이드로-4,4'-디아포카로틴-4,4'-디오에이트; 베타,D-글루코실 하이드로겐-8,8'-디아포카로틴-8,8'-디오에이트; 베 타,D-글루코실 메틸-8,8'-디아포카로틴-8,8'-디오에이트; 글루코피라노실옥시(글루코실옥시 참조); 4-글루코실옥시-4,4'-디아포뉴로스포렌(diaponeurosporene); 1'-글루코실옥시-3',4'-디데하이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴; 1-글루코실옥시-3,4-디데하이드로-1,2-디하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 2'-글루코실옥시-3',4'-디데하이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-3,1'-디올; 1'-글루코실옥시-3',4'-디데하이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-3-올; 1'-글루코실옥시-3',4'-디데하이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-2'-올; 1'-글루코실옥시-3',4'-디데하이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-4-온; 1-글루코실옥시-3,4-디데하이드로-1,2,7',8'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 1-글루코실옥시-1,2-디하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-20-알; 1-글루코실옥시-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴; 1'-글루코실옥시-1',2'-디하이드로-[프사이],프사이-카로틴; 1-글루코실옥시-1,2-디하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 4-글루코실옥시-7',8'-디하이드로-4,4'-디아포카로틴; 1'-글루코실옥시-2'-하이드록시-3',4'-디데하이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-4-온; 2-(4-글루코실옥시-3-메틸-2-부테닐)-2'-(4-하이드록시-3-메틸-2-부테닐)-감마,감마-카로틴; 2-(4-글루코실옥시-3-메틸-2-부테닐)-2'-(4-하이드록시-3-메틸-2-부테닐)-[엡시],[엡시]-카로틴; 2-(4-글루코실옥시-3-메틸-2-부테닐)-2'-(4-하이드록시-3-메틸-2-부테닐)-7,8-디하이드로-[엡시],[엡시]-카로틴; 2'-(4-글루코실옥시-3-메틸-2-부테닐)-2-(3-메틸-2-부테닐)-[엡시],[엡시]-카로틴-18-올; 2-[3-(글루코실옥시)-3-메틸부틸]-2'-(3-하이드록시-3-메틸부틸-3,4,3',4'-테트라하이드로-1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로-프사이, 프사이-카로틴-1,1'-디올; 1'글루코실옥시-3,4,3',4'-테트라하이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴; 글리시메린(Glycymerin); 구아라잔틴(Guaraxanthin);
할로신티아잔틴(Halocynthiaxanthin); 헬레니엔(Helenien); 헤테로잔틴(Heteroxanthin); 헥사데카하이드로라이코펜(Hexadecahydrolycopene); 2,3,2',3',4,5'-헥사데하이드로-4,5'-레트로-베타,베타-카로틴; 1,2,7,8,11,12-헥사하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 1,2,7,8,1',2'-헥사하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 1,2,7,8,7',8'-헥사하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 7,8,11,12,7',8'-헥사하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 7,8,11,12,7',8'-헥사하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-2-올; 15,7',8',11',12',15'-헥사하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-2-올; 1,2,7',8',11',12'-헥사하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1-올; 7,8,11,12,7',8'-헥사하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-16-올; 7,8,11,12,7',8'-헥사하이드로-4,4'-디아포카로틴; 1,2,7,8,11,12-헥사하이드로라이코펜; 1',2',7',8',11',12'-헥사하이드로라이코펜; 7,8,11,12,7',8'-헥사하이드로라이코펜; 7,8,1',2',7',8'-헥사하이드로라이코펜; 3,4,3',4',7',8'-헥사하이드로스피릴로잔틴(Hexahydrospirilloxanthin); 19'-헥사노일옥시퓨코잔틴(Hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin); 19-헥사노일옥시파라센트론(Hexanoyloxyparacentrone); 1-헥소실-1,2-디하이드로-3,4-디데하이드로아포-8'-라이코페놀; O-헥소실-1'-하이드록시-1',2'-디하이드로-감마-카로틴; O-헥소시-1-4-케토-1'-하이드록시-1',2'-디하이드로-3',4'-디데하이드로-감마-카로틴; 홉킨시아잔틴(Hopkinsiaxanthin); 하이드록시-, 또한 모노하이드록시-, OH 또는 -o13-하 이드록시-베타-아포-2-카포테날; 3-하이드록시-8'-아포-베타-카로틴-8'-알; 3-하이드록시-10'-아포-베타-카로틴-10'-알: 3-하이드록시-12'-아포-베타-카로틴-12'-알; 3-하이드록시-8'-아포-[엡시]-카로틴-8'-알; 3-하이드록시-8'-아포-베타-카로틴-8'-산; 9'-하이드록시-9'-아포-베타-카로틴-3-온; 9'-하이드록시-9'-아포-[엡시]-카로틴-3-온; 하이드로아스테로이데논(Hydroxyasteroidenone); 3-하이드록시칸타잔틴; 3-하이드록시-베타,프사이-카로틴-18'-알; 3-하이드록시-알파-카로틴; 3'-하이드록시-알파-카로틴; 4-하이드록시-알파-카로틴; 2-하이드록시-베타-카로틴; 3-하이드록시-베타-카로틴; 4-하이드록시-베타-카로틴; 3-하이드록시-감마-카로틴; 4'-하이드록시-감마-카로틴; 3-하이드록시-[델타]-카로틴; 2-하이드록시-베타,베타-카로틴-4,4'-디온; 3-하이드록시-베타,베타-카로틴-4,4'-디온; 3'-하이드록시-베타,베타-카로틴-3,4-디온; 4'-하이드록시-베타,베타-카로틴-3,4-디온; 3-하이드록시-베타,[엡시]-카로틴-4,3'-디온; 3'-하이드록시-베타,[엡시]-카로틴-3,4-디온; 3-하이드록시-베타,카이-카로틴-3',6'-디온; 3'-하이드록시-베타,베타-카로틴-3,4,4'-트리온; 2'-하이드록시-베타,베타-카로틴-2-온; 2-하이드록시-베타,베타-카로틴-4-온; 3-하이드록시-베타,베타-카로틴-4-온; 3'-하이드록시-베타,베타-카로틴-4-온; 4'-하이드록시-베타,베타-카로틴-4-온; 3-하이드록시-배타,[엡시]-카로틴-4-온; 3-하이드록시-베타,[엡시]-카로틴-3'-온; 3'-하이드록시-베타,카이-카로틴-6'-온; 3-하이드록시-베타,프사이-카로틴-4'-온; 3-하이드록시-베타,프사이-카로틴-4-온; 3-하이드록시-[엡시],[엡시]-카로틴-3'-온; 3'-하이드록시-프사이,프사이-카로틴-4-온; 3-하이드록시시트라나잔틴(Hydroxycitranaxanthin); 3-하이드록시-7,8-데하이 드로-알파-카로틴; 3'-하이드록시-3,4-데하이드로-베타-카로틴; 3-하이드록시-3',4'-데하이드로-감마-카로틴; 4-하이드록시-4,4'-디아포뉴로스포렌(diaponeurosporene); 3-하이드록시-2,3-디데하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-4,4'-디온; 2'-하이드록시-3,4-디데하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-2-온; 3-하이드록시-2,3-디데하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-4-온; 3-하이드록시-2,3-디데하이드로-베타,[엡시]-카로틴-4-온; 3-하이드록시-2,3-디데하이드로-베타,X-카로틴-4-온; 3-하이드록시-2,3-디데하이드로-베타,[파이]-카로틴-4-온; 3-하이드록시-3',4'-디데하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-4-온; 3-하이드록시-7,8-디데하이드로-7',8'-디하이드로-7'-아포-베타-카로틴-4,8'-디온; 3-하이드록시-7,8-디데하이드로-7',8'-디하이드로-7'-아포-베타-카로틴-8'-온; 3-하이드록시-7',8'-디데하이드로-7,8-디하이드로-카이,X-카로틴-6,8-디온; 1'-하이드록시-3',4'-디데하이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-4-온; 1'-하이드록시-3',4'-디데하이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-2'-온; 2'-하이드록시-3',4'-디데하이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-4-온; 5-하이드록시-4',5'-디데하이드로-4,5-디하이드로-4,5'-레트로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,3'-디온; 3'-하이드록시-2',3'-디데하이드로-2-노르-베타,베타-카로틴-3,4,4'-트리온; 3'-하이드록시-4',5'-디데하이드로-4,5'-레트로-베타,베타-카로틴-3-온; 3-하이드록시-5,8,5',8'-디에폭시-베타-카로틴; 3-하이드록시-7',8'-디하이드로-7'-아포-베타-카로틴-8'-온; 3-하이드록시-5',6'-디하이드로-5'-아포-18'-노르-베타-카로틴-6'-온; 1-하이드록시-1,2-디하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-20-알; 1'-하이드록시-1',2'-디하이드로-감마-카로틴; 3-하이드록시-7,8-디하이드로- 카이,X-카로틴-6,8-디온; 4'-하이드록시-5',6'-디하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-4-온; 1'-하이드록시-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-4-온; 8'-하이드록시-7',8'-디하이드로시트라나잔틴; 4-하이드록시-7',8'-디하이드로-4,4'-디아포카로틴; 4'-하이드록시-5',6'-디하이드로에키네논(dihydroechinenone); 1'-하이드록시-1',2'-디하이드로-2-이소펜테닐-2-(하이드록시이소펜테닐)토룰렌; 1-하이드록시-1,2-디하이드로라이코펜; 1-하이드록시-1,2-디하이드로뉴로스포렌(dihydroneurosporene); 1'-하이드록시-1',2'-디하이드로뉴로스포렌; 1-하이드록시-1,2-디하이드로파이토엔; 1(또는 1')-하이드록시-1,2(또는 1',2')-디하이드로토플루엔(dihydrophytofluene); 8'-하이드록시-7',8'-디하이드로레티큘레이타잔틴(dihydroreticulataxanthin); 1'-하이드록시-1',2'-디하이드로스피어로이덴(dihydrospheroidene); 2'-하이드록시-1',2'-디하이드로토룰렌; 2-하이드록시-1',2'-디하이드로토룰렌-1',2'-옥사이드; 5-하이드록시-5,6-디하이드로제아잔틴; 3-하이드록시-3',4'-디케토-알파-카로틴; 3-하이드록시-4,4'-디케토-베타-카로틴; 3'-하이드록시-3,4-디케토-베타-카로틴; 2'-하이드록시-3,1'-디메톡시-3',4'-디데하이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-4-온; 4-하이드록시-3',4'-디옥소-베타-카로틴; 2-하이드록시에키네논; 3-하이드록시에키네논; 3'-하이드록시에키네논; 4'-하이드록시에키네논; 3-하이드록시-5,8-에폭시-베타-카로틴; 3'-하이드록시-3,6-에폭시-5,6-디하이드로-베타,[엡시]-카로틴-4-온; 3'-하이드록시-3,6-에폭시-7',8'-디데하이드로-5,6-디하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-4-온; 3'-하이드록시유글레나논; 2'-하이드록시플렉시잔틴(Hydroxyflexixanthin); 1-하이드록시- 1,2,7',8',11',12'-헥사하이드로라이코펜; 1'-하이드록시-3,4,1',2',11',12'-헥사하이드로스피오로이딘; 2-(4-하이드록시-3-하이드록시메틸-2-부테닐)-2'-(3-메틸-2-부테닐)-베타,베타-카로틴; 3-하이드록시이소레니어라텐(Hydroxyisorenieratene); 3-하이드록시-4-케토-알파-카로틴; 3-하이드록시-3'-케토-알파-카로틴; 3-하이드록시-4-케토-베타-카로틴; 3-하이드록시-4'-케토-베타-카로틴; 4-하이드록시-4'-케토-베타-카로틴; 1'-하이드록시-2'-케토-1',2'-디하이드로토룰렌; 3-하이드록시-3'-케토-레트로데하이드로카로틴; 19-하이드록시루테인; 16-하이드록시라이코펜; 3-하이드록시-3'-메톡시-베타-카로틴; 1'-하이드록시-1-메톡시-3,4-디데하이드로-1,2,1',2',7',8'-헥사하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-2-온; 1'-하이드록시-1-메톡시-1,2,1',2',7',8'-헥사하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-4-온; 1'-하이드록시-1-메톡시-3,4,3',4'-테트라하이드로-1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-2-온; 1'-하이드록시-1-메톡시-1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-4-온; 2-(4-하이드록시-3-메틸-2-부테닐)-베타,베타-카로틴; 2-(4-하이드록시-3-메틸-2-부테닐)-[엡시],프사이-카로틴; 2-(3-하이드록시메틸-2-부테닐)-7',8'-디하이드로-[델타]-카로틴; 2-(4-하이드록시-3-메틸-2-부테닐)-7',8'-디하이드로-[엡시],프사이-카로틴; 2-(4-하이드록시-3-메틸-2-부테닐)-2'-(3-메틸-2-부테닐)-[엡시],[엡시]-카로틴; 2-(4-하이드록시-3-메틸-2-부테닐)-2'-(3-메틸-2-부테닐)-[엡시],[엡시]-카로틴-18-올; 2'-(4-하이드록시-3-메틸-2-부테닐)-2-(3-메틸-2-부테닐)-3',4'-디데하이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-1'-올; 2(또는 2')-(4-하이드록시-3-메틸-2-부테닐)-2'(또는 2)-(3-메틸-2-부테 닐)-3',4'-디데하이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-[엡시],프사이-카로틴-1'-올; 2'-(4-하이드록시-3-메틸-2-부테닐)-2-(3-메틸-2-부테닐)-7,8(또는 7',8')-디하이드로-[엡시],[엡시]-카로틴-18-올; 2-(4-하이드록시-3-메틸-2-부테닐)-7,8,7',8'-테트라하이드로-[엡시],프사이-카로틴; 2-(4-하이드록시-3-메틸-2-부테닐)-7',8',11',12'-테트라하이드로-[엡시],프사이-카로틴; 16-(3-하이드록시-3-메틸부틸)-16'-(3-메틸-2-부테닐)-7,8,11,12,15,7',8',11',12',15'-데카하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 2-(3-하이드록시-3-메틸부틸)-2'-(3-메틸-2-부테닐)-3,4,3',4'-테트라데하이드로-1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1,1'-디올; 2-하이드록시-모노시클릭-파이토플루엔; 4-하이드록시믹소잔토필(Hydroxymyxoxanthophyll); 하이드록시뉴로스포렌(Hydroxyneurosporene); 15-하이드록시-7',8',9',10',11',12',13',14'-옥타하이드로-6'-아포-베타-카로틴-7'-온; 1'-하이드록시-3,4,7,8,1',2',11',12'-옥타하이드로스피로이딘(octahydrospheroidene); 3'-하이드록시-4-옥소-베타-카로틴; 3-하이드록시-4-옥소-2,3-데하이드로-베타-카로틴; 4'-하이드록시-3-옥소에키네논; 하이드록시파이토엔; 하이드록시파이토플루엔; 4'-하이드록시-4-옥소-피라르디잔틴(pirardixanthin); 2-하이드록시플렉타니아잔틴(Hydroxyplectaniaxanthin); 3-하이드록시-4,5'-레트로-5'-아포-베타-카로틴-5'-온; 3-하이드록시-4',12'-레트로-베타,베타-카로틴-3',12'-디온; 3'-하이드록시루비잔틴; 3'-하이드록시-5,6-세코-베타,베타-카로틴-5,6-디온; 3-하이드록시세미-베타-카로틴; 3-하이드록시신타잔틴; 하이드록시스피로이딘(Hydroxyspheroidene); 하이드록시스피로이데논(Hydroxyspheroidenone); 하이드록시스피릴로잔틴(Hydroxyspirilloxanthin); 8'- 하이드록시-5',6',7',8'-테트라하이드로-5'-아포-18'-노르-베타-카로틴-6'-온; 4'-하이드록시-5,6,5',6'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-4-온; 1-하이드록시-3,4,3',4'-테트라데하이드로-1,2-디하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-2-온; 1-하이드록시-1,2,7',8'-테트라하이드로라이코펜; 1'-하이드록시-3,4,1',2'-테트라하이드로스피로이덴; 3-하이드록시토룰렌; 16'-하이드록시토룰렌; 18'-하이드록시토룰렌; 3-하이드록시-3',4'-트리케토-베타-카로틴; 3-하이드록시-베타-제아카로틴; 5-하이드록시제아잔틴;
이도잔틴(Idoxanthin); 이소아젤라잔틴(Isoagelaxanthin) A; 이소빅신(Isobixin); 이소카로틴(Isocarotene); 이소-제타-카로틴(Iso-zeta-carotene); 이소-제타-카로틴; 이소크로세틴(Isocrocetin); 이소크립토잔틴(Isocryptoxanthin); 이소푸코잔틴(Isofucoxanthin); 이소푸코잔티놀(Isofucoxanthinol); 이소루테인(Isolutein); 이소메틸빅신(Isomethylbixin); 이소미틸로잔틴(Isomytiloxanthin); 2-이소펜테닐-3,4-데하이드로로도핀(dehydrorhodopin); 이소레니어라텐(Isorenieratene); 베타-이소레니어라텐; 3,3'-이소레니어라텐디올(Isorenieratenediol); 3-이소레니어라테놀(Isorenieratenol); 이소테다니아잔틴(Isotedaniaxanthin); 이소테다닌(Isotedanin); 이소제아잔틴(Isozeaxanthin);
카르포잔틴(Karpoxanthin); 케토-, 또한 옥소 또는 -온 케토캅산틴(Ketocapsanthin); 4-켑토캅산틴; 4-케토-알파-카로틴; 4-케토-베타-카로틴; 4-케토-감마-카로틴; 4-케토신티아잔틴: 4-케토-3',4'-데하이드로-베타-카로틴; 4-케 토-1',2'-디하이드로-1'-하이드록시토룰렌; 2-케토-7',8'-디하이드로로도비브린; 4-케토-3,3'-디하이드록시-알파-카로틴; 4'-케토-3-하이드록시-감마-카로틴; 4-케토-3'-하이드록시라이코펜; 4-케토루테인 332 4-케토믹솔 2'-(메틸펜토사이드); 4-케토믹소잔토필(Ketomyxoxanthophyll); 2-케토-OH-스피릴로잔틴; 4-케토플레이잔토필(Ketophleixanthophyll); 2-케토로도비브린; 4'-케토루비잔틴(Ketorubixanthin); 2-케토스피릴로잔틴(Ketospirilloxanthin); 4-케토토룰렌(Ketotorulene); 4-케토제아잔틴;
락투카잔틴(Lactucaxanthin); 락토크롬(Latochrome); 락토잔틴(Latoxanthin); 레프로틴(leprotene); 릴리잔틴(Lilixanthin); 로니세라잔틴(Loniceraxanthin); 로로잔틴(Loroxanthin); 루소마이신(Lusomycin); 루테인; 루테인 디메틸 에테르; 루테인 디팔미테이트; 루테인 에폭사이드; 루테오크롬(Luteochrome); 루테올(Luteol); 루테오잔틴(Luteoxanthin); 라이코펜알(Lycopenal); 라이코펜-20-알; 라이코펜; 라이코펜-16,16'-디올; 라이코펜-1,2-에폭사이드; 라이코펜-5,6-에폭사이드; 라이코펜-16-올; 라이코펜-20-올; 라이코퍼센(Lycopersene); 라이코필(Lycophyll); 라이코잔틴(Lycoxanthin);
맥트라잔틴(Mactraxanthin); 마니잔틴(Manixanthin); 1-마노실옥시(Mannosyloxy)-3,4-디데하이드로-1,2-디하이드로-8'-아포-프사이-카로틴-8'-올; 3'-메톡시-베타,베타-카로틴-3-올; 3-메톡시-베타,X-카로틴; 1-메톡시-1,2,7,8,11,12,7',8',11',12'-데카하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 1'-메톡시-1,2,7,8,11,12,1',2',7',8'-데카하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1-올; 1-메톡시- 3,4-디데하이드로-1,2-디하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-20-알; 1'-메톡시-3',4'-디데하이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴; 1-메톡시-3,4-디데하이드로-1,2-디하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 1-메톡시-3,4-디데하이드로-1,2,7',8',11',12'-헥사하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 1'-메톡시-3',4'-디데하이드로-1,2,7,8,1',2'-헥사하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1-올; 1-메톡시-3,4-디데하이드로-1,2,7',8'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 1'-메톡시-3',4'-디데하이드로-1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1-올; 1-메톡시-3,4-디데하이드로-1,2,7',8'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-2-온; 1-메톡시-1,2-디하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-20-알; 1-메톡시-1,2-디하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 1'-메톡시-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-4'-온; 1'-메톡시-1',2'-디하이드로-X,프사이-카로틴-4'-온; 1-메톡시-1,2-디하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-4-온; 1'-메톡시-1',2'-디하이드로-3',4'-데하이드로-감마-카로틴; 1-메톡시-1,2-디하이드로-3,4-데하이드로라이코펜; 1-메톡시-1,2-디하이드로-3,4-디데하이드로라이코펜-20-알; 1-메톡시-1,2-디하이드로라이코펜; 4-메톡시-5,6-디하이드로라이코펜; 1-메톡시-1,2-디하이드로뉴로스포렌; 1-메톡시-1,2-디하이드로파이토엔; 1-메톡시-1,2-디하이드로파이토플루엔; 1'-메톡시-1',2'-디하이드로스피로이덴(dihydrospheroidene); 3-메톡시-19,3'-디하이드록시-7,8-디데하이드로-베타,카이-카로틴-6',8'-디온; 1-메톡시-1,2,7',8',11',12'-헥사하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 1'-메톡시-1,2,7,8,1',2'-헥사하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1-올; 1-메톡시- 1,2,7',8',11',12'-헥사하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-4-온; 1-메톡시-1'- 하이드록시-1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로파이토플루엔; 1-메톡시-2-케토-7',8'-디하이드로-3,4-데하이드로라이코펜; 메톡시라이코펜알; 1-메톡시-1,2,7,8,7',8',11',12'-옥타하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 1'-메톡시-1,2,7,8,11,12,1',2'-옥타하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1-올; 1-메톡시-4-옥소-1,2-디하이드로-8'-아포-프사이-카로틴-8'-알; 1-메톡시-4-옥소-1,2-디하이드로-12'-아포-프사이-카로틴-12'-알; 메톡시파이토엔; 메톡시파이토플루엔; 메톡시스피로이덴(Methoxyspheroidene); 1'-메톡시-3,4,3',4'-테라데하이드로-1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1-올; 1-메톡시-1,2,7',8'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 1-메톡시-1,2,7',8'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-4-온; 1-메톡시-1,2,7',8'-테트라하이드로-3,4-데하이드로라이코펜; 3-메톡시-19,3',8'-트리하이드록시-7,8-디데하이드로-베타,카이-카로틴-6'-온; 메틸-4'-아포-베타-카로틴-4'-오에이트; 메틸 8'-아포-베타-카로틴-8'-오에이트; 메틸 6'-아포-프사이-카로틴-6'-오에이트; 메틸 아포-6'-라이코페노에이트; 메틸빅신; 2-(3-메틸-2-부테닐)-베타,베타-카로틴-18(또는 18')-올; 2-(3-메틸-2-부테닐)-3,4-디데하이드로-1,2-디하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1-올; 2-(3-메틸-2-부테닐)-7,8,7',8'-테트라하이드로-[엡시],프사이-카로틴-18-올; 메틸 3',4'-디데하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-16'-오에이트; 메틸-1-헥소실-1,2-디하이드로-3,4-디데하이드로-아포-8'-라이코페노이트; 메틸 하이드로겐 6,6'-디아포카로틴-디오에이트; 메틸-1-마노실옥시-3,4-디데하이드로-1,2-디하이드로-8'-아포-프사이-카로틴-8'-오에이트; 메틸 1'-메톡시-4'-옥소-1',2'-디하이드로-X,프사이-카로틴-16(또는 17 또는 18)-오 에이트; 2'-(O-메틸-5-C-메틸펜토실옥시)-3',4'-디데하이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-3,1'-디올; 메트라이덴(Metridene); 미무라잔틴(Mimulaxanthin); 모나도잔틴(Monadoxanthin); 모노안하이드로박테로오루베린(Monoanhydrobacterioruberin); 모노데하이드로-베타-카로틴(Monodehydro-beta-carotene); 모노데하이드로라이코펜(Monodehydrolycopene); 모노데메틸(화된) 스피릴로잔틴; 모노에폭시-, 또한 에폭시-모노하이드록시 시클로파이토엔; 모노하이드록시 시클로파이토플루엔; 뮤테이토크롬(Mutatochrome); 뮤테이토잔틴(Mutatoxanthin); 미틸로잔틴(Mytiloxanthin); 미틸로잔티논(Mytiloxanthinone); 믹소박틴(Myxobactin); 믹소박톤(Myxobactone); 믹솔 2'-글루코시드; 믹솔 2'-O-메틸-메틸펜토시드; 믹솔 2'-람노시드; 믹소잔틴; 믹소잔톨(myxoxanthol); 믹소잔토필(Myxoxanthophyll);
네오카로틴; 네오크롬(Neochrome); 네오-베타-카로틴 B; 네오-베타-크립토잔틴 A; 네오잔틴; 네오잔틴 3-아세테이트; 뉴로스포라잔틴; 뉴로스포라잔틴 메틸 에스테르; 뉴로스포렌(Neurosporene);
옥타하이드로-베타-카로틴; 1,2,7,8,11,12,7',8'-옥타하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 7,8,11,12,7',8',11',12'-옥타하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 1,2,7,8,11,12,7',8'-옥타하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1,2-디올; 1,27,8,1',2',7',8'-옥타하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1,1'-디올; 1,2,7,8,11,12,7',8'-옥타하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1-올; 7,8,11,12,7',8',11',12'-옥타하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-2-올; 1,2,7,8,7',8',11',12'-옥타하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1-올; 7,8,11,12,7',8',11',12'-옥타하이드로-4,4'-디아포카로틴; 옥타하이드로라이코펜; 5,6,7,8,5',6',7',8'-옥타하이드로라이코펜; 7,8,11,12,7',8',11',12'-옥타하이드로라이코펜; 3,4,3',4',7',8',11',12'-옥타하이드로스피릴로잔틴; OH, 또한 하이드록시- 또는 -올 OH-클로로박텐; OH-클로로박텐 글루코시드; OH-라이코펜; 2-OH-모노시클로파이토엔; 2-OH-모노시클로파이토플루엔; OH-뉴로스포렌; OH-오케논(Okenone); OH-P 481; OH-P 482; OH-P 511; OH-R; OH-로도핀(Rhodopin); OH-신타잔틴(Sintaxanthin)-5,6-에폭사이드; OH-스피로이덴(Spheroidene); OH-스피로이데논(Spheroidenone); OH-7,8,11,12-테트라하이드로라이코펜; OH-Y; 오케논; 오피오잔틴; 오실라잔틴(Osillaxanthin); 오실롤(Oscillol) 2,2'-디(O-메틸-메틸펜토시드); 오실롤 2,2'-디람노시드; 오보에스테르(Ovoester); 옥소-, 또한 케토 또는 -온 3-옥소칸타잔틴; 4'-옥소-4,4'-디아포카로틴-4-산; 8'-옥소-8,8'-디아포카로틴산; 3-옥소에키네논; 4-옥소사프로잔틴(Oxosaproxanthin); 16'-옥소토룰렌; 6'-옥시크리산테마잔틴(Oxychrysanthemaxanthin); P 412; P 444; P 450; P 452; P 481; P 500; P 518; 1'-[(카이-O-팔미토일-베타,D-클루코실)옥시]-3',4'-디데하이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-2'-올; 파필리오에리트린(Papilioerythrin); 파필리오에리트리논(Papilioerythrinone); 파라센트론(Paracentrone); 파라실로잔틴(Parasiloxanthin); 펙테놀(Pectenol); 펙테놀론(Pectenolone); 펙테노잔틴(Pectenoxanthin); 펜타잔틴(Pentaxanthin); 페리디닌(Peridinin); 페리디니놀(Peridininol); 페르시카크롬(Persicachrome); 페르시카잔틴(Persicaxanthin); 필립시아잔틴(Phillipsiaxanthin); 필로사미아잔틴(Philosamiaxanthin); 플레이잔토필(Phleixanthophyll); 플레이란토필 팔미테이트; 피니코논(Phoeniconone); 피니콥테론(Phoenicopterone); 피니코잔틴(Phoenicoxanthin); 피살리엔(Physalien); 파이소잔틴(Physoxanthin); 파이토엔(Phytoene); C(30)-파이토엔; 파이토엔 1,2-(에폭사이드)옥사이드; 파이토에놀(Phytoenol); 파이토플루엔(Phytofluene); 파이토플루엔 에폭사이드; 파이토플루에놀(Phytofluenol); 안료(Pigment) R; 안료 X; 안료 Y; 플렉타니아잔틴(Plectaniaxanthin); 폴리-시스(cis)-감마-카로틴; 폴리-시스-프사이-카로틴; 폴리-시스-라이코펜; 프라시노잔틴; 프리라이코페르센 파이로포스페이트(Prelycopersene pyrophosphate); 프리파어토엔 파이로포스페이트(Prephytoene pyrophosphate); 프로-감마-카로틴; 프로라이코펜; 프로뉴로스포렌(Proneurosporene); 프로테트라하이드로라이코펜; 슈도(Pseudo)-알파-카로틴; 파이레노잔틴(Pyrenoxanthin); 파이로잔틴(Pyrrhoxanthin); 파이로잔티놀(Pyrrhoxanthinol);
7-시스(cis): 레니라시스틴(Renieracistene); 레니라퍼퓨린(Renierapurpurin); 레니라틴(Renieratene); 레티큘라잔틴(Reticulaxanthin); 레티니리덴티글리산(Retinylidenetiglic acid); 레트로비스데하이드로(-베타-)카로틴; 레트로데하이드로(-베타-)카로틴; 레트로하이드로-감마-카로틴; 레트로하이드로제아잔틴; 람노피라노실옥시-, 또한 람노실옥시-2'-O-람노실-4-케토믹솔; 2'-O-람노실믹솔; 3'-람노실옥시-베타,베타-카로틴-3-올; 1-람노실옥시-3',4'-디데하이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴; 2'-람노실옥시-3',4'-디데하이드로- 1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-3,1'-디올; 2'-람노실옥시-3',4'-디데하이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-3,4,1'-트리올; 1'-람노실옥시-3',4'-디데하이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-3-올; 로도오란잔틴(Rhodoauranxanthin); 로도핀(Rhodopin); 로도핀(-20-)알; 로도피날 글루코시드; 로도핀 글루코시드; 로도피놀; 로도퍼퓨린; 로도토룰렌; 로도비브린; 로도비오라신(Rhodoviolascin); 로도잔틴(Rhodoxanthin); 로제리트린(Roserythrin); 루비크롬(Rubichrome); 루비잔틴(Rubixanthin); 루비잔틴5,6-에폭사이드; 루비잔톤(Rubixanthone);
새먼 애시드(Salmon acid); 새모잔틴(Salmoxanthin); 사프로잔틴(Saproxanthin); 사르시나잔틴(Sarcinaxanthin); 사르시나잔틴 글루코시드; 사르시나잔틴 모노글루코시드; 사리시넨; 5,6-세코-베타,베타-카로틴-5,6-디온; 5,6-세코-베타,[엡시]-카로틴-5,6-디온; 세미-알파-카로틴; 세미-베타-카로틴; 시드니아잔틴(Sidnyaxanthin); 신타잔틴(Sintaxanthin); 시포나잔틴(Siphonaxanthin); 시포네인(Siphonein); 나트륨-3,19-디하이드록시-7,8-디-디하이드로-베타,카이-카로틴-3',6'-디온 3-설페이트; 나트륨-3,19-디하이드록시-3',6'-디옥소-7,8-디데하이드로-베타,카이-카로틴-17'-알 3-설페이트; 나트륨-3,19,3'-트리하이드록시-7,8-디데하이드로-6'-옥소-베타,카이-카로틴-17'-오에이트 3-설페이트; 나트륨-3,19,3'-트리하이드록시-7,8-디데하이드로-베타,카이-카로틴-3',6'-디온 3-설페이트; 스파에로볼린(Sphaerobolin); 스피로이덴(Spheroidene); 스피로이데논(Spheroidenone); 스피릴로잔틴(Spirilloxanthin); 설카토잔틴(Sulcatoxanthin);
탠저라잔틴(Tangeraxanthin); 타라잔틴(Taraxanthin); 타라잔틴 디팔미테이트(Taraxanthin dipalmitate); 타라시엔(Taraxien); 타레오잔틴(Tareoxanthin); 테다니아잔틴(Tedaniaxanthin); 테다닌(Tedanin); 턴스토에미아잔틴(Ternstroemiaxanthin); 테티아틴(Tethyatene); 7,8,7',8'-테트라하이드로아스타잔틴(Tetradehydroastaxanthin); 3,4,3',4'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴; 3,4,3',4'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 7,8,7',8'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,3'-디올; 3,4,3',4'-테트라데하이드로-카로틴-2,2'-디온; 3',4',7',8'-테트라데하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3-올; 3,4,3',4'-테트라하이드로라이코펜; 6,7,6',7'-테트라데하이드로-5,6,5',6'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,3'-디올; 6,7,6',7'-테트라하이드로-5,6,5',6'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,5,3',5'-테트롤; 7,8,7',8'-테트라하이드로제아잔틴; 3,4,3',4'-테트라데하이드로비스안하이드로박테리오루베린; 5,6,5',6'-테트라하이드로칸타잔틴; 7,8,7',8'-테트라하이드로캡소루빈; 테트라하이드로-베타-카로틴; 7,8,7',8'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴; 7',8',11',12'-테트라하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴; 7',8',11',12'-테트라하이드로-감마-카로틴; 7',8',11',12'-테트라하이드로-감마,프사이-카로틴; 1,2,7,8-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 7,8,11,12-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 7,8,7',8'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴; 5,6,5',6'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-4,4'-디올; 7,8,7',8'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,3'-디올; 7',8',9',10'-테트라하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-3,17'-디올; 1,2,1',2'-테트라하 이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1,1'-디올; 5,6,5',6'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-4,4'-디온; 5,6,5',6'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-3,5,6,3',5',6'-헥솔; 1,2,7,8-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1-올; 1,2,7',8'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-1-올; 7,8,11,12-테트라하이드로-4,4'-디아포카로틴; 7,8,7',8'-테트라하이드로-4,4'-디아포카로틴; 테트라하이드로라이코펜; 1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로라이코펜; 5,6,5',6'-테트라하이드로라이코펜; 7,8,11,12-테트라하이드로라이코펜; 7,8,7',8'-테트라하이드로라이코펜; 7',8',11',12'-테트라하이드로라이코펜; 1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로라이코펜-1,1'-디올; 1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로뉴로스포렌; 3,4,11',12'-테트라하이드로스피로이덴; 3,4,7,8-테트라하이드로스피릴로잔틴; 3,4,3',4'-테트라하이드로스피릴로잔틴; 3,4,3',4'-테트라하이드로스피릴로잔틴-20-알; 5,6,5',6'-테트라하이드로-3,4,3',4'-테트롤 4,4'-디설페이트; 2,3,2',3'-테트라하이드록시-베타,베타-카로틴-4,4'-디온; 2,3,2',3'-테트라하이드록시-베타,베타,카로틴-4-온; 3,19,3',17'-테트라하이드록시-베타,카이-카로틴-6'-온 3-설페이트; 3,5,3',5'-테트라하이드록시-6',7'-디데하이드로-5,8,5',6'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-8-온; 3,3',5,5'-테트라하이드록시-6'-하이드로-7-데하이드로-베타-카로틴; 3,4,3',4'-테트라하이드록시피라디잔틴; 3,4,3',4'-테트라하이드록시-5,6,5',6'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴; (3,4,3'4')-테트라케토-베타-카로틴; 4,5,4',5'-테트라케토-베타-카로틴; 티오테스-425; 티오테스-460; 티오테스-474; 테오테스-478; 티오테스-484; 티오테스-OH-484; 타일피쉬잔틴(Tilefishxanthin) I; 타일피쉬잔틴 II; 타일피쉬잔틴 III; 타일피쉬잔틴 IV; 토룰라로딘(Torularhodin); 토룰라로딘알데하이드(Torularhodinaldehyde); 토룰라로딘 메틸 에스테르; 토룰레날(Torulenal); 토룰렌(Torulene); 토룰렌카르복시산; 2,3,2'-트리하이드록시-베타,베타-카로틴-4-온; 3,3',4'-트리하이드록시-베타,베타-카로틴-4-온; 3,4,3'-트리하이드록시-베타,카이-카로틴-6'-온; 3,3',5'-트리하이드록시-6',7'-데하이드로-알파-카로틴; 3,3',8'-트리하이드록시-7,8-디데하이드로-베타,카이-카로틴-4,6'-디온; 3,3',8'-트리하이드록시-7,8-디데하이드로-베타,카이-카로틴-6'-온; 3,19,3'-트리하이드록시-7,8-디데하이드로-베타,카이-카로틴-6'-온 3-설페이트; 3,1',2'-트리하이드록시-3',4'-디데하이드로-1',2'-디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-4-온; 3,5,19-트리하이드록시-6,7-디데하이드록시-5,6,7',8'-테트라하이드로-7'-아포-베타-카로틴-8'-온 3-아세테이트 19-헥사노에이트; 3,5,6'-트리하이드록시-6,7-디데하이드로-5,6,7',8'-테트라하이드로-베타,[엡시]-카로틴-3',8'-디온; 3,5,3'-트리하이드록시-5,6-디하이드로-베타-카로틴; 3,3',5'-트리하이드록시-5',6'-디하이드로-베타-카로틴-5',6'-에폭사이드; 3,19,3'-트리하이드록시-7,8-디하이드로-베타,[엡시]-카로틴-8-온; 3,19,3'-트리하이드록시-7,8-디하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴-8-온 19-라우레이트; 3,6,3'-트리하이드록시-7,8-디하이드로-감마,[엡시]-카로틴-8-온; 3,3',19-트리하이드록시-7,8-디하이드로-8-옥소-알파-카로틴; 3,3',6'-트리하이드록시-5,8-에폭시-알파-카로틴; 3,4,4'-트리하이드록시피라디잔틴; 1,1',2'-트리하이드록시-3,4,3',4'-테드라하이드로-1,2,1',2'-테트라하이드로-프사이,프사이-카로틴-2-온; 3,4,4'-트리하이드록시-5,6,5',6'-테트라하이드로-베타,베타-카로틴; 트리켄트리오 로딘; 3,4,4'-트리케토-베타-카로틴; 3,1',2'-트리메톡시-3',4'-디데하이드로-1',2' 디하이드로-베타,프사이-카로틴-4-온; 트리오파잔틴(Triophaxanthin); 트리파시아잔틴(Triphasiaxanthin); 트리산하이드로박테리오루베린(Trisanhydrobacterioruberin); 트롤레인(Trollein); 트롤리크롬(Trollichrome); 트롤리플라빈(Trolliflavin); 트롤리플로르(Trolliflor); 트롤리잔틴(Trollixanthin); 튜나잔틴(Tunaxanthin); 우리올라이드(Uriolide); 보케리아잔틴(Vaucheriaxanthin); 비올라잔틴(Violaxanthin); 비올레오잔틴(Violeoxanthin); 비올에리트린(Violerythrin); 워밍올(Warmingol); 워밍온(Warmingone); 웨비아잔틴(Webbiaxanthin); 잔토필(Xanthophyll); 잔토필(Xanthophyll) K(1); 잔토필 K(1)S; 잔토필 디팔미테이트; 잔토필 에폭사이드; 알파-제아카로틴; 베타-제아카로틴; 베타(1)-제아카로틴; 알파-제아카로틴-3,17'-디올; 베타-제아카로틴-3,17'-디올; 베타-제아카로틴-3-올; 제아잔텐(Zeanxanthene); 제아잔틴; 제아잔틴 디에폭사이드; 제아잔틴 디메틸 에테르; 제아잔틴 디람노시드; 제아잔틴 디팔미테이트; 제아잔틴 5,6-에폭사이드; 제아잔틴 5,8-에폭사이드; 제아잔틴 푸라노사이드(furanoxide); 제아잔틴 모노에틸 에테르; 제아잔틴 모노람노시드; 제아잔톨; 및 제이노잔틴(Zeinoxanthin).
상기 열거한 자연 발생 카르테노이드들은 자연 발생 카르테노이드의 비제한적인 예를 의미한다. 이들이 앞으로 발견될 카르테노이드의 범주에 속하는 자연발생 분자로서 이해되어서는 안된다.
설포닐우레아
설포닐우레아(sulfonylurea)의 비제한적 예에는 아세토헥사미드(acetohexamide), 디아베타(DiaBeta), 글리벤클라미드(glibenclamide), 글리클라지드(gliclazide), 글리피지드(글루코트롤), 글리코피라미드(glyclopyramide), 클로로프로파미드(chlorpropamide), 톨라자미드(tolazamide), 톨부타미드(tolbutamide), 글리메피라이드(glimepiride)(아마릴(Amaryl)), 톨루부타미드(tolbutamide) 및 메글리티나이드(meglitinide) 유사체(예를 들어, 레파글리나이드(repaglinide), 나테글리나이드(nateglinide), 메글리티나이드(meglitinide) 및 미티글리나이드(mitiglinide)(KAD- 1229)) 및 이의 유사체가 포함되나 이에 국한되는 것은 아니다.
니아신 및 관련 유도체
니아신이란 용어는 니코틴산(피리딘-3-카르복실산) 및 이의 유도체에 대한 포괄적인 명칭이다. 니코틴산의 비-제한적 예에는 니코퓨라노스, 아시피목스(5-메틸 피라진-2-카르복실산-4-옥사이드), 니데리트롤, 프로부콜, 이소니코틴산, 콜렉사민, 옥시니악산(oxiniacic acid), 니코글로네이트, 니코몰, NIASPAN, 니세리콜(nicerikol) 및 니코틴산 토코페롤이 포함된다.
본 발명에 적합할 수 있는 다른 활성제의 추가 예에는 다음과 같은 것이 있으나, 이에 국한되는 것은 아니다: AGI-1067, 아베카닐, 아캄프로스테이트, 아카비르, 아세부톨롤, 아세클로페낙, 아세메타신, 아세타미노펜, 아세타미노살롤, 아세타닐리드, 아세토헥사미드, 아세토페나진 말리에이트, 아세토페나진, 아세톡솔론, 아세톡시프레그네놀론, 아세트레틴, 아크리소르신, 아크리바스틴, 아사이클로비르, 아디나졸람, 아디페닌 염산염, 아드라피닐, 아드레놀론, 아가트로반, 아니트린, 아카티놀, 알라트로플록사신, 알벤다졸, 알부테롤, 알디옥사, 알렌드로네이트, 알펜타닐, 알리벤돌, 알리트레티노인, 알로퓨리놀, 알릴아민, 알릴에스트레놀, 알미노프로펜, 알모트립탄, 알로세트론, 알록시프린, 알프라졸람, 알프레놀롤, 아만타딘, 암부세타미드, 아미드프린, 아미디노마이신, 아밀로라이드, 아미노아릴카르복시산 유도체, 아미노글루테티미드, 아미노글리코시드, 아미노펜타미드, 아미노프로마진, 아미노렉스, 아미오다론, 아미페나졸, 아미프릴로스, 아미설프라이드, 아미트립틸린, 암렉사녹스, 암로디핀, 아모디아퀸, 아모설랄롤, 아모트리펜, 아목사핀, 아목실린, 암페클로랄, 암페타민, 암포마이신, 암포테리신, 암피실린, 암피록시캄, 암프레나비르, 암리논, 암사크린, 아밀 니트레이트, 아밀로바르비톤, 아나제스톤 아세테이트, 아나스트로졸, 안디노실린, 안드로스텐디올, 안드로스텐디올-17-아세테이트, 안드로스텐디올-17-벤조에이트, 안드로스텐디올-3-아세테이트, 안드로스텐디올-3-아세테이트-17-벤조에이트, 안드로스텐디온, 안드로스테론 아세테이트, 안드로스테론 벤조에이트, 안드로스테론 프로피오네이트, 안드로스테론, 안지오텐신, 아니둘라텅긴, 아니라세탐, 아파존, 아피사이클린, 아포아트로핀, 아포몰핀, 아프락로니딘, 아프레피탄트, 아프로티닌, 아르바프로스틸, 아르데파린, 아리피프라졸, 아르니카신, 아로티놀롤, 아르스티놀, 아릴아세트산 유도체, 아릴알킬아민, 아릴부티르산 유도체, 아릴카르복시산, 아릴피페라진, 아릴프로피온산 유도체, 아스피린, 아스테미졸, 아네놀롤, 아토목세틴, 아트로바스타틴, 아포바쿠온, 아트로핀, 아우라논(auranofn), 아자프로파존, 아자티오프린, 아젤라스틴, 아제타졸아미드, 아지 트로마이신, 바클로펜, 밤부테롤, 바메탄, 바르비톤, 바르니디핀, 바살라지드, 베클라미드, 베클로브레이트, 베피몰롤, 베메그리드, 베나제프릴, 벤사이클란, 벤다작, 벤다졸, 벤드로플루메티아지드, 베네타민 페니실린, 베넥세이트 염산염, 벤푸로딜 헤미석시네이트, 베니디핀, 베노릴레이트, 벤타제팜, 벤젝솔, 벤지오다론, 벤즈니다졸, 벤족타민, 벤조디아제핀 유도체, 벤조디아제핀, 벤조나테이트, 벤즈페타민, 벤질몰핀, 베페리덴, 베페늄 하이드록시나프토에이트, 베프리딜, 베타히스틴, 베타메타손, 베탁솔롤, 베반톨롤, 베보늄 메틸 설페이트, 벡사로텐, 베자독시핀, 베자피브레이트, 비알아미콜, 비아페넴, 비칼루타미드, 비에타미베린, 비포나졸, 비네달린, 비니피브레이트, 비리코다, 비사코딜, 비산트렌, 비소프롤롤, 비톨테롤, 보핀돌롤, 보스웰산, 브래디키닌, 브레틸륨, 브로마제팜, 브로모크립틴, 브롬페리돌, 브로티졸람, 브로빈카민, 부시클레이트, 부클록산, 부쿠몰롤, 부드랄라진, 부이에니오드, 뷔페톨롤, 부플로메딜, 부푸랄롤, 부메타니드, 부니트롤롤, 부프라놀롤, 부프레노르핀, 부프로프리온, 부스피론, 부설판, 부탈라민, 부토르파놀, 부타베린, 부테나핀, 부테나트미, 부티드린 염산염, 부토바르비톤, 부토코나졸 니트레이트, 부토코나졸, 부토필롤, 부트로퓸 브로마이드, 카베르골린, 칼시페디올, 칼시포트리엔, 칼시트리올, 칼디빈, 캄벤다졸, 카미옥시롤, 카모스타트, 캄페스테롤, 캄토테신, 칸데사탄, 칸독사트릴, 카페시타빈, 카프레이트, 캅사이신, 캅토프릴, 카라졸롤, 카르바세펨, 카르바메이트, 카르바메제핀, 카르바페넴, 카르바손, 카르바트롤, 카르베녹솔론, 카르비마졸, 카르브로말, 카르부테롤, 카리소프로돌, 카로틴스, 카로베린, 카르테올, 카르베딜롤, 세파클로르, 세파졸린, 세프부페라존, 세 페핌, 세포셀리스, 세프티부텐, 셀레콕시브, 셀리프롤롤, 세파엘린, 세팔로스포린 C, 세팔로스포린, 세파마이신, 세리바스타틴, 세르토파린, 세타몰롤, 세티에딜, 세티리진, 세트락세이트, 클로라시진, 클로람부실, 클로르베타미드, 클로르단토인, 클로르디아제폭사이드, 클로르마디논 아세테이트, 클로르메티아졸, 클로로퀸, 클로로티아지드, 클로르페니라민, 클로르페녹사미드, 클로르펜터민, 클로르프로구아닐, 클로르프로마진, 클로르프로파미드, 클로르프로틱센, 클로르테트라사이클린, 클로르탈리돈, 콜레칼시페롤, 크로모나르, 시클레소니드, 시클로니케이트, 시도포비르, 시글리타존, 실란세트론, 실로스타졸, 시메티딘, 시메트로퓸 브로마이드, 시네파제트 말리에이트, 신나메드린, 신나리진, 시놀라제팜, 시녹사신, 시프로피브레이트, 시프로플록사신, 시사프라이드, 시스플라틴, 시탈로프람, 시티콜린, 클라리트로마이신, 클레보프라이드, 클레마스틴, 클렌부테롤, 클리다낙, 클리노피브레이트, 클리오퀴놀, 클로바잠, 클로벤푸롤, 클로벤조렉스, 클로파지민, 클로피브레이트, 클로피브르산, 클로포렉스, 클로미프라민, 클로나제팜, 클로니딘, 클로니트레이트, 클로피도그렐, 클로피락 인도메타신, 클로라놀롤, 클로리크로멘, 클로르프레날린, 클로르테르민, 클로티아제팜, 클로트리마졸, 클록사실린, 클로자핀, 세파지드(cmepazide), 코데인 메틸 브로마이드, 코데인 포스페이트, 코데인 설페이트, 코데인, 콜로이드성 비스무스 서브시트레이트, 크로마피반, 크로몰린, 크로프로파미드, 크로테타미드, 커큐민, 사이클란델레이트, 사이클라바메이트, 사이클라조신, 사이클렉세드린, 사이클리진, 사이클로벤자프린, 사이클로드린, 사이클로늄 요오다이드, 사이클로펜타민, 사이클로스포린, 사이피오네이트, 사이프로헵타딘, 사이프 로테론 아세테이트, 사이타라빈, 다카르바진, 달포프리스틴, 단트롤렌 나트륨, 다피프라졸, 다로디핀, 데카노에이트, 데시타빈, 데코퀴네이트, 데하이드로에메틴, 델라비르딘, 델아비리딘, 데메클로사이클린, 데노파민, 데람시클론, 데스시탈로프람, 데시프라민, 데슬로라타딘, 3-케토데소제스켈, 데소몰핀, 데속시메타손, 데토미딘, 덱삼페타민, 덱사나비놀, 덱스클로르페니라민, 덱스펜플루라민, 덱스메틸페니데이트, 덱스라족산, 덱스트로암페타민 설페이트, 덱스트로암페타민, 덱스트로프로폭시펜, DHEA, 디아세테이트, 디아몰핀, 디아제민, 디아제팜, 디아지퀴논, 디아족사이드, 디브로모프로파미딘, 디클로로펜, 디클로페낙, 디쿠마롤, 디다노신, 디데옥시아데노신, 디에틸프로피온, 디페메린, 디페나미졸, 디플루니살, 디지톡신, 디곡신, 디하이드로에르고타민, 디하이드로코데인, 디하이드로코데이논 에놀 아세테이트, 디하이드로에르고타민 메실레이트, 디하이드로에르고타민, 디하이드로제스테론, 디하이드로몰핀, 디하이드로피리딘 유도체, 디하이드로스트렙토마이신, 디하이드로타키스테롤, 디하이드록시알루미늄 아세틸살리실레이트, 디요오도하이드록시퀴놀린, 디이소프로민, 딜라젭, 딜레발롤, 딜리타젬, 딜록사니드 푸로에이트, 딜록사니드, 딜티아젬, 디메플린, 디멘하이드리네이트, 디메티스테론, 디메토트린, 디모르폴아민, 디니톨미드, 디옥사페틸 부티레이트, 디옥세테드린, 디페메톡시딘, 디펜하이드라민, 디페녹실레이트, 디페타르손, 디피베프린, 디포늄 브로마이드, 디피리다몰, 디리트로마이신, 디소피라미드, 디발프로엑스 나트륨, 도페틸리드, 돔페리돈, 도네페질, 도펙사민, 도프라딜, 도스말페이트, 독사프람, 독사조신, 독세파제팜, 독세핀, 독시사이클린, 드로페닌, 드로모스타놀론 프로피오네이트, 드로모스타 놀론, 드로나비놀, 드로페리돌, 드로프레닐아민, d-트레오메틸페니데이트, 둘록세틴, 에브로티딘, 에번나모닌, 에카베트, 에세노플록사신, 에코나졸 니트레이트, 에다바론, 에독수딘, 에파비렌즈, 에피바렌즈, 에플록세이트, 엘레도이신, 엘레트립탄, 엘고디핀, 엘립티신, 에메프로늄 브로마이드, 에메틴, 에날라프릴, 에난테이트, 엔카이나이드, 엔로피타트, 에녹시몬, 엔프로스틸, 엔타카폰, 에파놀롤, 에페드린, 에피나스틴, 에피네프린, 에피루비신, 에플레로논, 에포사탄, 에르고칼시페롤, 에르골로이드 메실레이트, 에르고타민, 에르타페넘, 에리트로마이신, 에리트리틸 테트라니트레이트, 에사프라졸, 에시탈로프람, 에스몰롤, 에소메프라졸, 에소나리모드, 에스타졸람, 에스트라디올 벤조에이트, 에스트라무스틴, 에스키올 석시네이트, 에스트론 아세테이트, 에스트론 설페이트, 에타페드린, 에타페논, 에타크린산, 에타미반, 에티나메이트, 에티닐에스카디올 3-아세테이트, 에티닐에스카디올 3-벤조에이트, 에티닐에스트라디올, 이테온아미드, 에티스테론(17a-에티닐테스토스테론), 에토프로파진, 에토토인, 에톡시펜아민, 에틸에스트레놀, 에틸몰핀, 에틸노르에피네프린, 에티노디올 디아세테이트, 에토돌락, 에토피브레이트, 에토포사이드, 에토리콕시브, 에트레티네이트, 에베로리무스, 엑사라미드, 엑사메스탄, 엑사모렐린, 에제미티브, 팔레칼시트리올, 팜시클로비르, 파모티딘, 판토파론, 파라페넘, 파글리타자, 파수딜, 펠바메이트, 펠로디핀, 페날아미드, 펜부렌, 펜부트라제이트, 펜딜린, 펜플루라민, 페놀도팜, 페노프로펜, 페노테롤, 페노베린, 페녹사졸린, 페녹세딜, 펜피프란, 펜프로포렉스, 펜스피라이드, 펜타닐, 펙소페나딘, 플라복세이트, 프레카이나이드, 플로프로피온, 플로레딜, 플록수리딘, 플루코나졸, 플 루사이토신, 플루다라빈, 플루디아조팜, 플루드로코르티손, 플루레남산, 플루아니손, 플루나리진, 플루니솔리드, 플루니트라제팜, 플루오코르톨론, 플루옥세틴, 플루펜틱솔 데카노에이트, 플루페나진 데카노에이트, 플루페나진 에난테이트, 플루페나진, 플루프로쿼존, 플루라제팜, 플루비프로펜, 플루로제스톤 아세테이트, 플루티카손 프로피오네이트, 플루바스타틴, 플루복사민, 포미노벤, 포르모테롤, 포스카네트, 포시노프릴, 포스페니토인, 프로바티르프탄, 푸도스테인, 푸마질린, 푸라졸리돈, 푸르푸릴메틸 암페타민, 푸로세미드, 가바펜틴, 가벡세이트, 가복사돌, 갈란타민, 갈로파밀, 감마파린, 간사이클로비르, 간글레펜, 제파네이트, 젬시타빈, 젬피브로질, 제피론, 제스타덴, 그렐린, 글라티라머, 글라우카루빈, 글리벤클라미드, 글리클라지드, 글리메피라이드, 글리피자이드, 글루콘산, 글루탐산, 글리부라이드, 글리세릴 트리니트레이트, 글리메피라이드, 그라니세트론, 그레파플록사신, 그리세오풀빈, 구아이아줄렌, 구아나벤즈, 구안파신, 할로판킨, 할로페리돌 데카노에이트, 할로페리돌, 할록사졸람, 헤프로니케이트, 헵타노에이트, 헥소벤딘, 헥소프레날린, 하이드라미트라진, 하이드라지드, 하이드로코돈, 하이드로코르티손, 하이드로모르폰, 하이드록시암페타민, 하이드록시메틸프로제스테론 아세테이트, 하이드록시메틸프로제스테론, 하이드록시프로제스테론 아세테이트, 하이드록시프로제스테론 카프로에이트, 하이드록시프로제스테론, 히메크로몬, 히오시아민, 이보파민, 이부딜라스트, 이부테낙, 이부프로펜, 이부틸리드, 이독수리딘, 이펜프로딜, 이그메신, 일로프로스트, 이마티니브, 이미다프릴, 이미다졸, 이미페넴, 이미프라민, 이몰라민, 인카드론산 퍼골리드, 인다나졸린, 인데놀롤, 인디나비르, 인도메타신, 인도라 민, 이노신 프라노벡스, 이노시톨 니아시네이트, 요오도퀴놀, 이피드라신, 이프로니아지드, 이르베사탄, 이리노테칸, 이르소글란딘, 이소부티레이트, 이소카프레이트 에스테르, 이소에타린, 이소메텝텐, 이소프로테레놀, 이소소르비드 디니트레이트, 이소소르비드 모노니트레이트, 이소소르비드 디니트레이트, 이속수프린, 이스라디핀, 이타세트론, 이트라코나졸, 이트라민토실레이트, 이버멕틴, 칼리딘, 칼리크레인, 카나마이신, 케타민 케토코나졸, 케토프로펜, 케토롤락, 케토티펜, 라베탈롤, 라푸티딘, 라미피반, 라미부딘, 라모트리긴, 라나토사이드 c, 란소프라졸, 라소폭시펜, 레플루노미드, 레미노프라졸, 레르카나디핀, 레소피트론, 레트로졸, 류코보린, 레발부테롤, 레발로판, 레베티라세탐, 레베트리아세탐, 레보부놀롤, 레보도파, 레보플록사신, 레보파세토페란, 레보파놀, 리도카인, 리도플라진, 리피브롤, 리마프로스트, 리네졸리드, 린티트립트, 리라나프테이트, 리시노프릴, 리수라이드, 로벨린, 로부카비르, 로독사미드, 로메플록사신, 로메리진, 로무스틴, 로페라미드, 로피나비르, 로프라졸람, 로라카르베프, 로라타딘, 로라제팜, 로레플록사신, 로르메타제팜, 로사탄, 로바사타인, 로바스타틴, 록사핀 석시네이트, 록사핀, 1-트레오메틸페니데이트, 루미라콕시브, 리신 아세틸살리실레이트, 리소자임, 리수라이드, 마부테롤, 마페니드, 마그네슘 아세틸살리실레이트, 말그라모스틴, 만니톨 헥사니트레이트, 마프로틸린, 마진돌, 메벤다졸, 메클리진, 메클로페남산, 메클록사민펜타피페라이드, 메다제팜, 메디바진, 메디곡신, 메드로제스톤, 메드록시프로제스테론 아세테이트, 메페남산, 메페노렉스, 메플로퀸, 메플로퀴네, 메제스트롤 아세테이트, 멜렌제스트롤 아세테이트, 멜파란, 메마틴, 메펜졸레이트 브로마이드, 메페 리딘, 메페녹살론, 메펜터민, 메핀돌로, 메픽사녹스, 메프로바메이트, 멥타지놀, 머캅토퓨린, 메로페넘, 메살라민, 메살라진, 메소리다진 베실레이트, 메소리다진, 메타클라제팜, 메탐페프라몬, 메탐피실린, 메타프로테레놀, 메타라미놀, 메타사이클린, 메타돈 염산염, 메타돈, 메탐페타민, 메타쿠알론, 메타른페타민, 메토인, 메토트렉세이트, 메톡사민, 메트석시미드, 메틸헥산아민, 메틸페니데이트 d-트레오-메틸페니데이트, 메틸페니데이트, 메틸페노바르비톤, 메틸프레드니솔론, 메티세르지드, 메티아진산, 메티졸린, 메토클로프라미드, 메톨라존, 메토프롤롤, 메톡살론, 메트리프라놀롤, 메트로니다졸, 멕실레틴, 멕실리텐, 메탁살론, 미안세린, 미베프라딜, 미코나졸, 미다졸람, 미도드린, 미글리톨, 밀나시프란, 밀리논, 미녹시딜, 미르타자핀, 미소프로스톨, 미토마이신, 미토탄, 미톡산트론, 미조라스틴, 모다피닐, 모페부타존, 모페틸, 몰린돈 염산염, 몰린돈, 몰시도민, 모나테필, 몬텔루카스트, 몬테플라제, 모프롤롤, 모리시진, 몰핀 염산염, 몰핀 황산염, 몰핀, 몰핀 살리실레이트, 모사프라민, 목시플록사신, 목시실바이트, 목소니딘, 마이코페놀레이트, 나부메톤, 나돌롤, 나독솔롤, 나드로파린, 나파모스타트, 나프로닐, 나프토피딜, 날부핀, 날리딕산, 날메펜, 날로핀, 날록손, 날트렉손, 난드롤론 벤조에이트, 난드롤론 시클로헥산카르복실레이트, 난드롤론 시클로헥산 프로피오네이트, 난드롤론 데카노에이트, 난드롤론 푸릴프로피오네이트, 난드롤론 펜프로피오네이트, 나파졸린, 나프록센, 나라트립탄, 나타마이신, 나테글리나이드, 네비발롤, 네도크로밀, 네파조돈, 네포팜, 넬피나비르, 네모나프라이드, 네오마이신 운데실레네이트, 네오마이신, 네오코핀, 네시리타이드, n-에틸암페타민, 네비라핀, 넥소파밀, 니카메테 이트, 니카디핀, 니세르골린, 니코피브레이트, 니코푸라노스, 니코몰핀, 니코란딜, 니코티닐 알콜, 니쿠말론, 니페디핀, 니페날롤, 니케타미드, 닐루타미드, 닐바디핀, 니모디핀, 니모라졸, 니프라딜롤, 니솔디핀, 니티소논, 니트라제팜, 니트로푸란토인, 니트로푸라존, 니트로글리세린, 니자티딘, 노라스테미졸, 노르에피네프린, 노르에티노드렐, 노르페네프린, 노르플록사신, 노르제스티메이트, 노르제스켈, 노르제스트리에논, 노르메타돈, 노르메티스테론, 노르몰핀, 노르슈도오페드린, 노르트립틸린, 노반트론, 닐리드린, 니스타틴, 옥타밀아민, 옥토드린, 옥토파민, 오플록사신, 올란자핀, 올란자핀, 올라파타딘, 올메사탄, 올라파타딘, 올살라진, 오마파트릴라트, 오메프라졸, 온다세트론, 오피엄, 오프레벨킨, 오를리스타트, 오니다졸, 오노프로스틸, 오셀타미비르, 옥살리프라틴, 옥삼니퀸, 옥산드롤론, 옥산텔 엠보네이트, 옥사프로진, 옥사토미드 페미롤라스트, 옥사토미드, 옥사조팜, 옥스카바제핀, 옥스펜다졸, 옥시코나졸, 옥시라세탐, 옥소리니카시드, 옥스프레놀, 옥시코돈, 옥시페드린, 옥시메타졸린, 옥시몰폰, 옥시펜부타존, 옥시펜시클리민, 오자그렐, 파클리탁셀, 팔로노세트론, 판토프라졸, 파파베린, 파라칼시톨, 파라메타디온, 파레콕시브, 파리프라졸, 파로모마이신, 파록세틴, 파르살미드, 파지나클론, 메폴린, 펜부톨롤, 펜시클로비르, 페니실린 G 벤자틴, 페니실린 G 프로카인, 페니실린 V, 페니실린, 펜타에리트리톨 테트라니트레이트, 펜타에리트리톨 테트라니트레이트, 펜타피페라이드, 펜타조신, 펜티필린, 펜티제타이드, 펜토바르비톤, 펜토렉스, 펜톡시필린, 펜트리니트롤, 피부테롤, 피렌제핀, 퍼골리드, 퍼헥실린, 페린도프릴 에르부민, 페로스폰, 퍼페나진 피모지드, 퍼페나진, 판퀴논, 페나세미드, 페나세 틴, 페나조피리딘, 펜카르바미드, 펜디메트라진, 페넬진, 페닌디온, 펜메트라진, 페노바르비톤, 페노페리딘, 페노티아진, 페녹시벤즈아민, 펜석시미드, 펜터민, 펜톨아민, 페닐살리실레이트, 페닐아세테이트, 페닐부타존, 페닐에프린염산염, 페닐프로판올아민 염산염, 페닐프로파놀아민 염산염, 페닐프로필-메틸아민, 페니토인, 플로로글루시놀, 폴레드린, 피소스티그민 살리실레이트, 피소스티그민, 피토나디올, 피토스테롤, 피아페넘, 피실로렉스, 피클라밀라스트, 피크로톡신, 피쿠마스트, 피파닌, 필시카이니드, 피마제딘, 피메클론, 피메클로리무스, 피메필린, 피모지드, 피나베륨 브로마이드, 핀돌롤, 피오글리타존, 피페라실린, 피페라진 에스트론 설페이트, 피페라진 유도체, 피페릴레이트, 피라세탐, 피리베딜, 피리피브레이트, 피록시캄, 피타바스타틴, 피조틸린, 플라우노톨, 폴라프레징크, 폴리벤자솔, 폴리에스트롤 포스페이트, 프랙톨롤, 프랄나카산, 프라미펙솔, 프란루카스트, 프라바스타틴, 프라제팜, 프라지퀀텔, 프라조신, 프레가발린, 프레날테롤, 프레닐아민, 피리디놀, 피리피늄 브로마이드, 프리미돈, 프리미프라민, 프로베네시드, 프로부콜, 프로카인아미드, 프로카바진, 프로카테롤, 프로클로르페라진, 프로구아닐, 프로네탈롤, 프로파페논, 프로파미딘, 프로파틸 니트레이트, 프로펜토필린, 프로피오네이트, 프로피람, 프로폭시펜, 프로프라놀롤, 프로필헥세드린, 프로필티오우라실, 프로토킬롤, 프로트립틸린, 프록사졸, 슈도에페드린, 퓨린, 피란텔 엠보네이트, 피라졸, 피라졸론, 피리도필린, 피리메타민, 피리미딘, 피롤리돈, 쿠아제팜, 쿠에티아핀, 쿠에투아핀, 퀴나골리드, 퀴나프릴, 퀴네스트롤, 퀸파미드, 퀴니딘, 퀴닌 설페이트, 퀴놀론, 퀴누프리틴, 라발조탄, 라베프라졸 소듐, 라베프라졸, 라세피민, 라 마흐로반, 라미프릴, 라니티딘, 라놀라진, 란소프라졸, 라사질린, 레바미피드, 레플루단, 레파글리니드, 레피노탄, 레피리나스트, 레프로테롤, 레세르핀, 레티노이드, 리바비린, 리파부틴, 리팜피신, 리파펜틴, 릴메니딘, 릴루졸, 리만타딘, 리미테롤, 리오프로스틸, 리스페리돈, 리타노비르, 리타펜틴, 리티페넴, 리토드린, 리토나비르, 리바스티그르닌, 리자트립탄, 로시베린, 로페콕시브, 로히프놀, 롤리프람, 레목시프라이드, 로니피브레이트, 로피니롤, 로피바카인, 로사프로스톨, 로시글리타존, 로수바스타틴, 로티놀롤, 로트렉세이트, 록사티딘 아세테이트, 록신돌, 루비테칸, 살라세타미드, 살리신, 살리실아미드, 살리실산 유도체, 살메테롤, 사퀴나비르, 사퀴나비르, 스코폴아민, 섹니다졸, 셀레질린, 세모티아딜, 세르틴돌, 세르트랄린, 시부트라민, 실데나필, 심바스타틴, 시라메신, 시롤리무스, 시탁센탄, 소팔콘, 소모티아딜, 소리부딘, 소탈롤, 소테레놀, 스파플록사신, 스파스몰리톨, 스펙티노마이신, 스피라마이신, 스피조푸론, 스타부딘, 스트렙토마이신, 석시닐설파티아졸, 수크랄페이트, 수펜타닐, 설코나졸 니트레이트, 설파세타미드, 설파디아진, 설팔옥시카시드, 설파시드, 설프말롤, 술린닥, 술록티딜, 설파벤즈아미드, 설파세트아미드, 설파디아진, 설파독신, 설파푸라졸, 설파메라진, 설파메톡사졸, 설파피리딘, 설파살라진, 설핀피라존, 설피라이드, 설티암, 설토프라이드, 설브로포늄, 수마니롤, 수마흐립탄, 수네피혼, 슈퍼옥사이드 디스뮤타제, 수플라타스트, 수라민 나트륨, 시네프린, 태크린, 태크롤리무스, 타달라필, 탈리놀롤, 탈리펙솔, 타목시펜, 탐술로신, 타그레틴, 타자놀라스트, 타자로텐, 타조박텀, 테카스티메졸, 테클로잔, 테디사밀, 테가세로드, 텔렌제핀, 텔미사탄, 테마제팜, 테니포사이드, 테프레논, 테라조신, 테르베나핀, 테르비나핀, 테르부탈린 설페이트, 테르부탈린, 테르코나졸, 테르페나딘, 테로딜린, 테로페나메이트, 테르타톨롤, 테스토락톤, 4-디하이드로테스토스테론, 테트라시클릭, 테트라시클린, 테트라하이드로칸나비놀, 테트라하이드로졸린, 탈리도미드, 테오피브레이트, 티아벤다졸, 티아진카르복사미드, 티오카르베이트, 티오카르바미진, 티오카르바손, 티오리다진, 티오틱센, 티아가빈, 티아메니딘, 티아넵틴, 티아프로펜산, 티아라미드, 티클로피딘, 티글로이딘, 틸리솔롤, 티몰롤, 티니다졸, 티노페드린, 틴자파린, 티오코나졸, 티프라나비르, 티라파자민, 티로피반, 티로프라미드, 티타니센, 티자나딘, 티자니딘, 티지나딘, 토카이니드, 톨라자미드, 톨라졸린, 톨부타미드, 톨카폰, 톨시클레이트, 톨페남산, 톨리프롤롤, 톨테리딘, 톨테로딘, 토나베르스타트, 토피라메이트, 토포테칸, 토라세미드, 토레미펜 시브레이트, 토레미펜, 토서플록사신, 트라마돌, 트라마졸린, 트란돌라프릴, 트라닐라스트, 트라닐시프로민, 트라피딜, 트락사녹스, 트라조돈, 트레토퀴놀, 트리아세틴, 트리암시놀론, 트리암프테린, 트리암테렌, 트리아졸람, 트리플루오페라진 염산염, 트리플루오페라진, 트리플루프로마진, 트리헥시페니딜, 트리마조신, 트리메부틴, 트리메타지딘, 트리메토프림, 트림제스톤, 트리미프라민, 트리모프로스틸, 트리티오진, 트로글리타존, 트롤니브레이트 포스페이트, 트로메타민, 트로피카미드, 트로바플록사신, 트록시피드, 투아미노헵탄, 툴로부테롤, 티마졸린, 티라민, 운데카노에이트, 운데칸산, 우리나스타틴, 발라시클로비르, 발데콕시브, 발러레이트, 발간시클로비르, 발프로산, 발사탄, 반코마이신, 바르데나필, 벤라팍신, 베노렐빈, 베라파밀, 비다라빈, 비가바킨, 빈카민, 빈포세틴, 비오마이 신, 비퀴딜, 비스나딘, 비타민 a 유도체, 비타민 a, 비타민 b2, 비타민 d, 비타민 e, 비타민 k, 보글리보스, 보리코나졸, 잘리프로덴, 잠모테롤, 잔티놀 니아시네이트, 제니트로퓸 브로마이드, 지베놀롤, 지멜라가트란, 자일로메타졸린, 요힘빈, 자코프라이드, 자피르루카스트, 잘시타빈, 잘레플론, 자나미비르, 자테브라딘, 지코노타이드, 지도부딘, 질류톤, 지멜딘, 프로피온산 아연, 지프라시돈, 졸리미딘, 졸미트립탄, 졸피뎀, 조니사미드, 조피클론 및 이의 혼합물.
본 발명에 따르면 경구, 협측, 비경구, 경피 또는 직장 투여에 적합한 약학적 조성물으로서 또는 흡입법 또는 통기법에 의한 투여에 적합한 형태로 조제될 수 있다. 경피 투여에는 피하 주사, 정맥 주사, 근육내 주사, 또는 흉골내 주사, 또는 인퓨전(infusion) 기법이 포함된다.
약학적 조성물은 또한 투여의 용이성 및 투약량의 일정성을 위해서 투약 단위 형태(dosage unit form)로서 치료적 유효량으로 조제될 수 있다. 본 명세서 및 청구의 범위에 사용되는 투약 단위 형태란 단위 투약량으로서 적합한 물리적으로 분리된 단위를 의미하며, 각각의 단위는 요구되는 약학적 담체와 함께 원하는 치료 효과를 산출하기 위해 계산되어 미리 결정된 양의 활성제 성분을 함유한다. 그러한 투약 단위 형태의 예에는 정제(분할선이 있는 정제 또는 당의정), 캅셀, 환약, 분말 패킷(packet), 웨이퍼(wafer), 주사용 용액 또는 현탁액, 티스푼풀즈(teaspoonfuls), 테이블스푼풀즈 및 이의 유사체, 및 이들의 분리된 복합물(multiples)이 있다. 그러한 투약 형태는 또한 전통적인 실시에 있어서와 같이, 불활성 희석제 이외의 추가적인 물질, 예컨대 마그네슘 스테아레이트와 같은 윤활제를 함유할 수 있다. 캅셀, 정제, 발포 정제(effervescent tablet), 및 환약의 경우에는, 투약 형태는 또한 완충제를 함유할 수 있다. 연질 젤라틴 캅셀이 본 발명의 활성 화합물 또는 조성물 및 식물성유지(vegetable oil)의 혼합물을 함유하도록 제조될 수 있다. 경질 젤라틴 캅셀은 락토스, 사카로스, 소르비톨, 만니톨, 감자 전분, 옥수수전분, 아밀로펙틴, 젤라틴의 셀룰로스 유도체와 같은 고형의, 미분체 담체와 화합한 활성 화합물의 과립을 함유할 수 있다. 정제 및 환약은 장용코팅(enteric coating)을 보유하도록 제조될 수 있다.
경구 투여를 위한 액체 투약 형태에는 약학적으로 적합한 유제, 용액, 현탁액, 시럽, 및 당해 기술분양에 일반적으로 이용되는 물과 같은 불활성 희석제를 함유한 엘릭시르(elixir)가 포함된다. 그러한 조성물은 또한 침윤제, 유화 및 현탁화제, 및 감미제, 향미제 및 방향 물질과 같은 보조제를 함유할 수 있다.
본 발명의 화합물 및 조성물의 질 또는 직장 투여를 위한 좌약은 당해 화합물 또는 조성물을 적절한 비자극성 첨가제, 예컨대 코코아버터 및 폴리에틸렌 글리콜과 혼합하여 제조할 수 있는데, 첨가제는 실온에서는 고체이지만 체온에서는 액체이며, 이에 따라 용융하여 약물을 방출할 것이다.
예를 들어, 주사용 조제약, 멸균 주사용 수성 또는 유성 현탁액이 적절한 분산제, 침윤제 및/또는 현탁화제를 이용하여 공지된 기술에 따라 제조될 수 있다. 멸균된 주사용 조제약은 또한 비경구적으로 허용되는 비독성 희석제 또는 용매 내의 멸균 주사용 용액 또는 현탁액, 예컨대 1,3-부탄디올 내 용액일 수 있다. 이용 될 수 있는 적합한 담체 및 용매 중에는 물, 링거 용액, 및 염화나트륨 등장액이 있다. 멸균된 고정유(sterile fixed oil)도 또한 전통적으로 용매 또는 현탁화 매질로 이용된다.
본 발명의 조성물은 추가적으로 종래의 첨가제, 즉, 경구, 협측, 비경구, 경피 또는 직장 투여에 적합한 또는 흡입법 또는 통기법에 의한 투약에 적합한 형태의 약학적 허용성의 유기 또는 무기 담체 물질을 포함할 수 있으며, 이들 물질은 활성 화합물과 유해하게 반응하지 않는다. 예를 들어, 적절한 약학적 허용성 담체에는 물, 염 용액, 알콜, 식물성유지, 폴리에틸렌 글리콜, 젤라틴, 락토스, 아밀로스, 마그네슘 스테아레이트, 탈크, 계면활성제, 규산, 점성 파라핀, 향유(perfume oil), 지방산 모노글리세라이드 및 디글리세라이드, 페트로에트랄(petroethral) 지방산 에스테르, 하이드록시메틸-셀룰로스, 폴리비닐피롤리돈, 및 이의 유사체가 포함된다. 약학적 조제약은 살균될 수 있고, 원한다면, 활성 화합물과 유해하게 반응하지 않는 보조제, 예컨대 윤활제, 보존제, 안정화제, 침윤제, 유화제, 삼투압에 영향을 주는 염, 완충제, 착색제, 향미 및/또는 방향성 물질 및 이의 유사체와 함께 혼합될 수 있다. 비경구적 용도를 위해서, 바람직하게는 적절한 담체는 현탁액, 유상액, 또는 임플란트(implant)뿐만 아니라 용액, 바람직하게는 유성 또는 수성 용액으로 이루어질 수 있다. 수성 현탁액은 현탁액의 점도를 증가시키는 물질을 함유할 수 있으며, 이에는, 예를 들어, 나트륨 카르복시메틸 셀룰로스, 소르비톨 및/또는 덱스트란이 포함된다. 경우에 따라, 현탁액은 또한 안정화제를 함유할 수 있다.
정제 및 캅셀이 또한 본 발명에 따른 화합물의 조절된 지속적인 방출을 수 시간의 기간에 걸쳐 제공할 수 있도록 서방형 제제의 형태로서 제조될 수 있다.
본 발명의 조성물의 투여는 당업자에게 의해 확인되는 치료효과를 달성하기에 충분한 양일 수 있다.
본 발명의 임의의 조성물의 투약량은 증후군, 환자의 연령과 체중, 치료되거나 예방되는 장애의 특성과 병도, 투여 경로, 및 당해 조성물의 형태에 따라 달라질 것이다. 당해 제제는 모두 단독 용량 또는 분할 용량으로 투여될 수 있다. 본 발명에 따른 조성물의 투약량은 당업자에게 공지되거나 본 명세서에 교시된 바와 같은 방법에 의해 쉽게 측정될 수 있다.
네비볼롤의 투약량의 범위는 1일에 약 0.1mg 내지 약 100mg 범위이다. 다른 구체예에서, 투약량의 범위는 1일에 약 0.75mg 내지 약 50mg일 수 있다. 또 다른 구체예에서, 투약량의 범위는 1일에 약 1.25mg 내지 약 10mg일 수 있다.
특정 구체예에서, 공-활성 화합물의 투약량은 일반적으로 약 0.01ng 내지 약 1g/kg(체중) 범위, 구체적으로는 약 1ng 내지 약 0.1g/kg(체중) 범위, 및 보다 구체적으로는 약 100ng 내지 약 100mg/kg(체중) 범위이다.
유효 용량 또는 유효량, 및 제제의 투여 시기에 대한 임의의 가능한 효과는 본 발명의 임의의 특정 조성물마다 확인될 필요가 있다. 이러한 확인은 1 이상의 동물(바람직하게는 그룹 당 적어도 5마리의 동물), 또는 적당한 경우에 사람 실험을 통해 본 명세서에 기술된 통상의 실험으로 달성할 수 있다. 임의의 당해 조성물 및 치료 또는 예상 방법의 효과는, 조성물을 투여하고 1 이상의 적절한 지표를 측 정하여 투여효과를 평가한 다음, 이러한 지표들의 치료 후 값과 치료 전 동일 지표의 값을 비교하여 평가할 수 있다.
소정 환자에서 가장 효과적인 치료를 산출하는 임의의 특정 당해 조성물의 정확한 투여 시기와 양은 당해 조성물의 활성, 약물동역학 및 생체이용율, 환자의 생리적 상태(연령, 성별, 질환 유형 및 단계, 일반적인 신체 상태, 소정 투약량에 대한 반응도 및 약물치료 유형 등), 투여 경로 등에 따라 달라질 것이다. 본 명세서에 제시된 지침은 검체 모니터링 및 투약량 및/또는 시기 조정으로 이루어진 통상의 실험만을 필요로 하는 치료 최적화, 예컨대 최적 시간 및/또는 투여 함량의 측정에 사용될 수 있다.
검체가 치료받는 동안 환자의 건강은 치료 기간 중의 소정 시간마다 하나 이상의 관련 지표를 측정하여 모니터할 수 있다. 이러한 모니터링의 결과에 따라 조성물, 함량, 투여 시기 및 제제를 비롯한 치료가 최적화될 수 있다. 또한, 개량 정도를 측정하기 위하여 동일한 변수를 측정하여 환자를 주기적으로 재평가할 수 있다. 이러한 재평가에 기초하여 투여되는 당해 조성물의 함량 및 가능하다면 투여 시기에 대한 조정이 이루어질 수 있다.
치료는 화합물의 최적 용량 미만인 소량의 투약량으로 개시될 수 있다. 그 다음, 투약량은 최적 치료 효과가 수득될 때까지 소량 증분씩 증가시킬 수 있다.
당해 조성물의 사용은 여러 제제의 효과 개시 및 지속이 상보적일 수 있기 때문에 조성물에 함유된 임의의 각 약제(예컨대, 스테로이드성 및 염증성 약물)의 필요 투약량을 감소시킬 수 있다.
당해 조성물의 독성 및 치료 효능은 세포 배양 또는 실험 동물에 사용되는 표준 약학 절차에 따라, 예컨대 LD50 및 ED50을 측정하여 평가할 수 있다.
세포 배양물 분석 및 동물 연구에서 수득된 데이터는 사람에게 유용한 투약량 범위를 조성하는데 사용될 수 있다. 임의의 당해 조성물의 투약량은 독성이 거의 없거나 전혀 없는 ED50을 포함하는 혈행 농도 범위인 것이 바람직하다. 이러한 투약량은 사용된 투약량 형태 및 이용된 투여 경로에 따라 상기 범위 안에서 변동될 수 있다. 본 발명의 조성물에 대한 치료적 유효 용량은 먼저 세포 배양 분석을 통해 평가될 수 있다.
일반적으로, 활성제의 용량은 연령, 신체 상태, 체중 및 의약 기술 분야에 공지된 다른 요인에 따라 의사가 선택할 수 있다.
혈관 질환, 예컨대 증가된 혈압으로 고생하는 검체를 치료함에 있어서, 당업자는 본 명세서에 제시된 시험 결과로부터 치료적 유효량을 쉽게 결정할 수 있을 것이다. 일반적으로, 화학식(I)의 화합물 또는 이의 약학적 허용성 산-부가 염의 효과적인 1일 투약량은 약 0.01mg/kg(체중) 내지 약 50mg/kg(체중), 특히 약 0.1mg/kg(체중) 내지 약 10mg/kg(체중), 및 바람직하게는 약 0.1mg/kg(체중) 내지 약 1mg/kg(체중)일 수 있다.
본 발명은 또한, 하이드록시화된 네비볼롤 대사산물을 포함하는 본 발명의 약학적 화합물 및/또는 조성물의 1이상의 성분으로 채워진 1 이상의 용기를 포함하는 약학적 키트(kit)를 제공한다. 예를 들어, 그러한 기트는 또한 다른 화합물 및/ 또는 조성물(예컨대, 이뇨제, 디곡신, 심혈관 질환의 치료에 사용되는 화합물, 치료제, 투과 촉진제, 윤활제, 및 이의 유사체), 화합물 및/또는 조성물을 투여하기 위한 장치(들), 및 약학적 또는 생물학적 제품의 제조, 사용 또는 판매를 규제하는 정부기관에 의해 규정된 형태의 지시사항을 포함할 수 있으며, 이 지시사항은 또한 인간에 대한 투여를 위한 제조, 사용 또는 판매를 규제하는 기관에 의한 승인을 반영할 수 있다.
본 발명의 또 다른 구체예는 네비볼롤의 하이드록시화된 대사산물 1종 이상 및, 경우에 따라 상처입은 세포, 예컨대 손상된 혈관을 치료하기 위한 1종 이상의 추가적인 치료제의 국소적 투여에 관한 것이다.
본 발명의 화합물 및 선택적인 기타 치료제는 천연 또는 합성 매트릭스에 혼입될 수 있으며, 이후 이 매트릭스는 당해 생물학적 부위에 특이적으로 도포될 수 있다. 따라서, 네비볼롤 대사산물은 "매트릭스에 결합된", 즉 네비볼롤 대사산물(들)이 다른 치료제와 함께 물리적 및/또는 화학적으로 천연 또는 합성 매트릭스에 연합, 혼입, 부착, 또는 포함되는 것을 의미한다.
임의의 다양한 천연 또는 합성 중합체가 본 발명에서 언급한 매트릭스로서 이용될 수 있다. 매트릭스는 생물학적으로 허용될 수 있기만 하면 된다. 본 발명에 적합한 예시적인 매트릭스는 예컨대, 폴리올레핀(예컨대 폴리스티렌, 폴리프로필렌, 폴리에틸렌, 고밀도 폴리에틸렌, 폴리테트라플루오르에틸렌, 폴리비닐리덴 디플루오라이드 및 폴리비닐클로라이드), 폴리에틸렌이민 또는 이들의 유도체, 폴리에테르(예, 폴리에틸렌 글리콜), 폴리에스테르(예, 폴리-L-락트산, 폴리-D,L-락트 산, 폴리글리콜산, 폴리-(락타이드/글리콜라이드)), 폴리안하이드라이드, 폴리하이드록시부티레이트, 폴리아미드(예, 나일론), 폴리우레탄, 폴리우레탄 공중합체(예, 펠레탄 중합체), 폴리아크릴레이트(예, 폴리메타크릴레이트, 폴리(2-(메타크릴로일옥시에틸)-2'-(트리메틸암모늄)에틸 포스페이트 분자내염(inner salt)-co-n-도데실 메타크릴레이트), 중합체의 혼합물(예, 폴리락트산/폴리라이신 공중합체, 폴리우레탄/폴리에스테르 공중합체, 폴리우레탄/폴리에테르 공중합체, 나일론/폴리에테르 공중합체, 예, 베스타미드(vestamid)), 생체고분자(예, 펩타이드, 단백질, 올리고뉴클레오티드, 항체, 펩타이드 호르몬, 당단백질, 글리코겐 및 핵산), 나무가지꼴 거대분자, 천연 섬유 매트릭스(예, 필터 종이), 합성 섬유 매트릭스 물질(예, 3차원 합성 중합체 및 공중합체의 격자) 및 이의 유사체가 포함되는 중합체이다. 예시적인 중합체는 미국 특허 제5,705,583, 5,770,645 및 5,994,444호에 기술되어 있으며, 개시된 사항은 본 명세서에 그 전부를 참고인용 하였다.
본 발명에 사용하기에 적합한 매트릭스의 물리적 및 구조적 특성은 결정적이지 않고, 용도에 좌우된다. 본 발명의 매트릭스-네비볼롤 대사산물 조성물이 국소 투여, 상대적으로 단시간의 투여 또는 유사한 투여에 대하여 의도되는 곳에서 이들이 생분해될 필요가 없다는 것이 당업자에게는 이해될 것이다. 어떤 용도, 예컨대 포스텐지오플래스티(postangioplasty), 관상동맥우회로 수술 또는 혈관 이식 임플란트 또는 이의 유사체와 연관된 내막 증식(intimal hyperplasia)을 위해서는, 매트릭스가 생리적 환경에서 서서히 용해되거나 생분해성 또는 생흡수성으로 되는 것이 바람직하다.
심혈관 질환 또는 장애를 예방 및/또는 치료하는데 있어서, 본 발명의 네비볼롤 대사산물 및 경우에 따라 적어도 하나의 치료제는 원하는 부위에 화합물을 운반하기에 적합한 동맥주사 또는 정맥주사 카테터(catheter)를 이용하여 손상된 혈관 표면에 정맥주사처럼 직접 투여될 수 있다. 손상된 동맥 표면의 부위는 종래의 진단 방법, 예컨대 당업자가 이용할 수 있는 일상적이고 잘 알려진 방법으로 수행되는 X-선 조영술에 의해 측정된다.
생체 내에서 투여될 경우에, 본 발명의 화합물 및 조성물은 본 명세서에 기술한 바와 같이 약학적 허용성 담체와 함께 및 치료적 유효 용량으로 투여될 수 있다.
본 발명의 화합물 및 조성물이 1 이상의 하이드록시화된 네비볼롤 대사산물의 혼합물로서 투여될 경우에, 이들은 또한 치료의 표적이 되는 특정 질병 상태에 대하여 효과적으로 알려져 있는 1 이상의 추가적인 치료제, 예컨대 이뇨제 및/또는 베타-차단제, 칼슘 통로 차단제 또는 ACE 억제제와 같은 항고혈압제와 함께 이용될 수 있다. 그러한 혼합 치료법도 본 발명의 추가적인 양태라는 것이 이해되어야 한다.
"동시 투여"는 혼합 성분을 이용한 동시 또는 순차적 치료뿐만 아니라, 약물이 교차적으로 투여되는, 또는 한가지 성분이 장기적으로 투여되고 나머지 성분이 간헐적으로 투여되는 섭생법을 포함하는 개념이다. 성분들은 동일 조성물 또는 분리된 조성물로서 투여될 수 있고, 동일 투여 경로 또는 상이한 투여 경로로 투여될 수 있다.
본 발명의 네비볼롤 대사산물은 하이드록시화된 네비볼롤 대사산물이 유용한 질환 또는 상태의 치료/예방/억제 또는 개선에 이용되는 다른 약물과 함께 이용될 수 있다. 다른 약물에는, 예를 들어, 항혈전제, 혈전용해제, 섬유소 용해제, 혈관경련 억제제, 칼륨 통로 활성제, 칼슘 통로 차단제, 항고혈압제, 항미생물제, 항생제, 항혈소판제, 세포분열저지제, 항증식제, 미세소관 억제제, 항분비제, 리모델링 억제제, 안티센스 뉴클레오티드, 항암 화학치료제, 스테로이드, 비-스테로이드계 항염증제, 선택적 COX-2 억제제, 면역억제제, 성장인자 길항물질 또는 항체, 도파민 작동물질, 방사선치료제, 생물학제, 안지오텐신 변환 효소 억제제, 안지오텐신 II 수용체 길항물질, 레닌 억제제, 자유 라디칼 스캐빈저, 철 길레이트제, 항산화제, 성호르몬, 항중합화제, 광역학적 치료제, 항체 표적 치료제, 유전자 치료제, 바이포스포네이트 또는 기타 골다공증제, 스타틴, 니아신, 또는 젬피브로질(gemfibrozil)이 포함되나 이에 국한되는 것은 아닌 콜리스테롤 저감제, 또는 이들의 혼합물이 포함된다.
그러한 다른 약물은 일반적으로 이용되는 경로 및 양으로 투여될 수 있으며, 따라서 하이드록시화된 네비볼롤 대사산물의 화합물과 동시에 또는 순차적으로 투여될 수 있다. 본 발명의 네비볼롤 대사산물이 1 이상의 다른 약물과 동시적으로 이용될 경우에는, 본 발명의 화합물 이외에도 그러한 다른 약물을 함유하는 약학적 조성물이 선호된다. 따라서, 본 발명의 약학적 조성물에는 본 발명의 네비볼롤 대사산물 이외에도, 1 이상의 다른 활성 성분을 함유하는 약물이 포함된다. 본 발명의 네비볼롤 대사산물과 분리되어 투여되거나 또는 동일한 약학적 조성물로 혼합될 수 있는 기타 활성성분의 예에는 하기의 것들이 포함되나, 이에 국한되지는 않는다: (1)프로폭시펜(Darvon)이 포함되는 모르핀 및 기타 진정제 수용체 작동물질; (2) 프로피온산 유도체(알미노프로펜, 베녹사프로펜, 부클록스산(bucloxic acid), 카프로펜, 펜부펜, 페노프로펜, 플루프로펜, 플러비프로펜, 이부프로펜, 인도프로펜, 케토프로펜, 미로프로펜, 나프록센, 옥사프로진, 피르프로펜, 프라노프로펜, 서프로펜, 티아프로펜산, 및 티옥사프로펜), 아세트산 유도체(인도메타신, 아세메타신, 알클로파낙, 클리다낙, 디클로페낙, 펜클로페낙, 펜크로즈산(fenclozic acid), 펜티아작, 퓨로페낙, 이부페낙, 이소세팍, 옥스피낙, 설린닥, 티오피낙, 톨메틴, 지도메타신, 및 조메피락), 펜남산 유도체(플루펜남산, 메클로펜남산, 메펜남산, 니플룸산 및 톨펜남산), 비페닐카르복실산 유도체(디플루니살 및 플루페니살), 옥시캄(이소시캄, 피로시캄, 서도시캄 및 테노시칸), 살리실레이트(아세틸 살리실산, 설파살라진) 및 피라졸론(아파존, 베즈피페릴론, 페프라존, 모페부타존, 옥시페부타존, 페닐부타존), 및 콕시브(coxib)(셀레콕시브, 발레콕시브, 로페콕시브 및 에토리콕시브)와 같은 COX-2 억제제가 포함되는 비-스테로이드계 항-염증 약물(NSAIDs); (3) 코르티코스테로이드, 예컨대 베타메타손, 부데소니드(budesonide), 코르티손, 덱사메타손, 하이드로코르티손, 메틸프레드니솔론(methylprednisolone), 프레드니솔론, 프레드니손 및 트라암시놀론; (4) 히스타민 H1 수용체 길항물질, 예컨대 브로모페니르아민, 클로르페니르아민, 덱스클로르페니르아민, 트리프롤리딘, 클레마스틴(clemastine), 디펜하이드라민(diphenhydramine), 디페닐피랄린(diphenylpyraline), 트리펠렌아 민(tripelennamine), 하이드록시진(hydroxyzine), 메트딜라진(methdilazine), 프로메타진(promethazine), 트리메프라진, 아자타딘, 시프로펩타딘(cyproheptadine), 안타졸린(antazoline), 페니르아민 피릴아민, 아스테미졸, 터페나딘, 로라타딘(loratadine), 세티리진(cetirizine), 데슬로라타딘(desloratadine), 펙소페나딘 및 레보세티리진; (5) 히스타민 H2 수용체 길항물질, 예컨대 시메티딘, 파모티딘 및 라니티딘; (6) 양성자 펌프 억제제, 예컨대 오메프라졸, 란소프라졸, 판토프라졸 및 에소메프라졸; (7) 루코트린 길항물질 및 5-리폭시게나아제 억제제, 예컨대 자피르루카스트(zafirlukast), 몬테루카스트(montelukast), 프란루카스트(pranlukast) 및 질루톤(zileuton); (8) 안기나(angina), 심근 허열에 이용되는 약물, 예컨대 니트로글리세린 및 이소소르비드 니트레이트와 같은 니트레이트, 아테놀롤, 메토프롤롤, 프로프라놀롤, 아세부톨롤, 베탁솔롤, 비소프롤롤, 카르테올롤, 라베탈롤, 나돌롤, 옥스프레놀롤, 펜부톨롤, 핀돌롤, 소타롤 및 티몰롤과 같은 베타 차단제, 및 딜티아잠, 베라파밀, 니페디핀, 베프리딜, 펠로디핀, 플루나리진, 이스라디핀, 니카르디핀 및 니모디핀과 같은 칼슘 통로 차단제 (9) 항무스카린계 약물(예, 톨터로딘 및 옥시부티닌)과 같은 실금 투약제(continence medications); (10) 위장 진경제(예, 아트로핀, 스코폴라민, 디시클로민, 항무수카린제, 및 디페녹실레이트); 골격근 이완제(시클로벤자프린, 카리소프로돌, 클로르페네신, 메탁살론, 메토카르바몰, 박로펜, 단트롤렌, 다아제팜, 또는 오르페나드린); (11) 알로푸리놀, 프로베니시드 및 콜히친과 같은 통풍 약제; (12) 류머티즘성 관절염을 위한 약물, 예컨대 메토트렉세이트(methotrexate), 오라노핀(auranofin), 오로티오글루 코스(aurothioglucose) 및 골드나트륨티오말레이트(gold sodium thiomalate); (13) 골다공증 약물, 예컨대 알렌드로네이트 및 랄록시펜; 슈도에피드린 및 페닐에피드린과 같은 소염제; (14) 국소 마취제; (15) 아시클로비르(acyclovir), 발라시클로비르 및 팜시클로비르와 같은 항헤르페스 약물; (16) 온단세트론 및 그라니세트론과 같은 항구토제; (17) 진행성 클리코실화 최종산물 가교 붕괴제(AGE 가교결합 붕괴제), 예컨대, 알라제브리움(alagebrium); 및 (18) 진행성 글리코실화 최종산물 형성 억제제(AGE 형성 억제제), 예컨대, 피마게빈.
"산화 질소"라는 용어는 비전하성 일산화질소(NO) 및 하전된 일산화물 종, 바람직하게는 하전된 일산화질소 종, 예컨대 니트로소늄 이온(NO+) 및 니트록실 이온(NO-)을 포함하는 개념이다. 일산화질소의 방출, 운반 또는 전달 화합물은 F--NO 구조를 갖는데, 여기서 F는 일산화질소 방출, 운반 또는 전달 잔기이고, 이에는 일산화질소의 의도된 목적을 위해 활성화된 형태로 원하는 작용 부위에 일산화탄소를 제공하는 임의의 및 모든 화합물이 포함된다.
혈압 강하제와 함께
네비볼롤
대사산물의
투여
혈압 강하제의 투여와 관계된 본 발명의 화합물의 투여 시점이 혈압 강하제의 효능을 증가시키는데 효과적이라면, 본 발명의 네비볼롤 대사산물 및 이의 산 부가 염은 혈압 강하제의 투여 전, 도중 또는 후에 투여될 수 있다.
활성을 증가시키는 혈압 강하제로서, 아드레날린 작용 및/또는 혈관확장 활성을 보유하는 약제가 언급될 수 있다. 구체적으로, 그러한 약제는 미국 특허 제 3,663,607호 및 제3,836,671호에, 구체적으로 아테놀롤; 미국 특허 제3,337,628호 및 제3,520,919호에, 구체적으로 프로프라놀롤; 미국특허 제3,873,600호에, 구체적으로 메토프롤롤; 미국 특허 제3,511,836호에, 구체적으로 프라조신; 미국 특허 제2,484,029호에, 구체적으로 하이드랄라진; 미국 특허 제2,928,829호에, 구체적으로 구아네티딘; 미국 특허 제2,503,059호에, 구체적으로 펜톨라민; 미국 특허 제3,261,859호에, 구체적으로 베라파밀; 미국 특허 제3,485,847호에, 구체적으로 니페디핀; 미국 특허 제3,910,924호에, 구체적으로 카르테올롤; 독일 특허 제2,458,624호 및 제2,458,625호에, 구체적으로 셀리프롤롤로서 언급된 화합물일 수 있다. 인용된 모든 특허문헌은 본 명세서에 참고인용되었다. 이러한 활성 성분의 그룹은 대표적인 예를 제공하기 위한 목적으로 열거된 것이지, 본 발명의 범주를 제한하려는 의도는 아니다.
바람직하게는 본 발명의 네비볼롤 대사산물 및 혈압 강하제는 적절한 조성물의 형태로 투여된다. 상기 조성물은 혈압 강하 치료법에 하나 또는 모든 성분을 동시적으로, 분리하여, 지속 방출형으로 또는 순차적으로 이용하기 위하여 본 명세서에 정의된 바와 같은 네비볼롤 대사산물 및 혈압 강하제를 혼합된 조제약으로서 함유하는 제품을 또한 포함하는 것으로 의도된다. 예를 들어, 그러한 제품은 본 발명의 네비볼롤 대사산물을 함유하는 적절한 조성물을 보유한 용기 및 혈압 강하제를 보유하는 조성물을 함유하는 또 다른 용기를 함유하는 키트를 포함할 수 있다. 그러한 제품은 치료될 환자에 대한 진단, 양 성분의 적정량 및 투여의 순서를 기초로 의사가 의도하는 혈압 강하 치료법을 시행할 수 있다는 유리한 효과를 가진다.
혈압 강하제의 투여 도중에 투여될 경우에, 혈압 강하제 및 본 발명의 네비롤로 대사산물의 활성 성분을 모두 함유하는 조성물이 특히 편리할 수 있다.
본 발명의 추가적인 양태에 있어서, 혈압 강하제의 효과를 증대시킬 수 있는 본 명세서에 정의된 바와 같은 본 발명의 네비볼롤 대사산물 및 혈압 강하제의 양을 함유하는 조성물이 제공될 수 있다. 상기 조성물에서, 네비볼롤 대사산물 및 혈압 강하제 사이의 몰 비율은 약 1:1 이외의 비율일 수 있거나, 또는 약 1:1일 수 있다. 그러한 조성물에서 네비볼롤 대사산물의 활성 성분의 양은 혈압 강하제 효과의 증대가 수득되도록 하는 양일 수 있으며; 혈압 강하제의 양은 효과가 증대될 경우에 혈압 강하 효능이 투여 즉시 수득되도록 하는 양일 수 있다. 특히, 화학식(I)의 화합물 대 혈압 강하 화합물의 몰 비율은 약 50:1 내지 약 1:50 사이, 특히 약 20:1 내지 약 1:20 사이, 또는 약 10:1 내지 약 1:10 사이, 또는 약 5:1 내지 약 1:5 사이, 보다 구체적으로는 약 2:1 내지 약 1:2 사이인 것이 적합할 수 있다. 그렇게 구체적인 조성물은 혈압 강하제가 상기 언급된 특허에 관련된 약제 중 하나, 및 보다 특별하게는 본 명세서에 언급된 약제인 조성물이다.
본 발명은 또한 약학적 허용성 담체 및, 본 명세서에 정의된 바와 같이 본 발명의 네비볼롤 대사산물 또는 이의 약학적 허용성 산-부가 염의 혈압 강하제의 효과를 증대시킬 수 있는 양을 활성성분으로서 함유하는 조성물을 제공한다.
그러한 약학적 조성물을 제조하기 위해서, 특정 화합물 또는 화합물들의 유효량이, 염기 또는 산-부가 염의 형태로, 활성 성분 또는 활성 성분들로서 약학적 허용성 담체와 친밀한 혼합물로 혼합되며, 상기 담체는 투여에 바람직한 조제약의 형태에 따라 광범위하게 다양한 형태를 취할 수 있다. 이러한 약학적 조성물은 바람직하게는 적절한 단위 투약 형태, 바람직하게는 경구 투여, 직장 투여 또는 비경구 주사에 의해 투여되기 위한 형태로 존재한다. 예를 들어, 경구 투약 형태의 조성물을 제조하는 데에 있어서, 임의의 통상적인 약학적 매체가 이용될 수 있는데, 현탁액, 시럽, 엘릭시르 및 용액과 같은 경구용 액체 조제약의 경우에는, 예컨대 물, 글리콜, 유지, 알콜 및 이들의 유사체가 이용될 수 있고; 또는 분말, 환약, 캅셀 및 정제의 경우에는 전분, 당, 카올린, 윤활제, 결합제, 붕해제 및 이의 유사체가 이용될 수 있다. 투여에 있어서의 용이성 때문에, 정제 및 캅셀이 대부분의 유리한 경구용 단위 투약 형태를 대표하며, 이러한 경우에는 명백하게도, 고체의 담체가 이용된다. 비경구용 조성물에 대하여는, 담체는 통상적으로는 적어도 대부분이 무균수이고, 예를 들어 용해를 보조하는 기타 성분이 첨가될 수 있다. 예를 들어, 담체가 염용액, 글루코스 용액 또는 염 및 글루코스 용액의 혼합물을 함유하는 주사용 용액이 제조될 수 있다. 주사용 현탁액이 또한 제조될 수 있는데, 이 경우에는 적절한 액체 담체, 현탁화제 및 이들의 유사체가 이용될 수 있다. 피하 투여에 적합한 조성물에 있어서는, 담체는 경우에 따라 침투 강화제 및/또는 적절한 침윤제, 경우에 따라 작은 비율로 존재하는 임의의 적절한 자연 첨가제를 함유할 수 있는데, 이 첨가제는 피부에 유의적인 위해 효과를 일으키지 않는다. 상기 첨가제는 피부에 투여를 촉진할 수 있으며/있거나 원하는 조성물을 조제하는데 유용할 수 있다. 이러한 조성물은 다양한 방법, 예를 들어 경피형 패치로서, 스팟-온(spot-on)으로서, 연고로서 투여될 수 있다. 본 발명의 네비볼롤 대사산물의 산 부가 염 은, 이들의 상응하는 염기 형태에 대한 증가된 물 용해성때문에, 명백하게도 수성 조성물의 제조에 보다 적합하다.
본 발명은 또한 혈압 강하 약물이 필요한 항온동물에 있어서 혈압 강하제의 효과를 증대시키는 방법과 관련되어 있으며, 상기 방법은 본 상기 정의된 바와 같이 혈압 강하제 및 본 발명의 네비볼롤 대사산물의 유효량을 상기 항온동물에 투여하는 단계를 포함한다.
또는 대안적으로, 본 발명은 고혈압을 앓고 있는 항온 동물의 혈압을 낮추는 방법과 관계되어 있으며, 상기 방법은 상기 정의된 바와 같은 혈압 강하제 및 네비볼롤 대사산물의 유효량을 상기 항온동물에 투여하는 단계를 포함한다.
증가된 혈압으로 고생하는 피검체를 치료하는데 있어서 당업자는 하기에 제시되는 시험결과로부터 안전한 유효량을 쉽게 결정할 수 있다. 일반적으로, 본 발명의 네비볼롤 대사산물 또는 이들의 약학적 허용성 산-부가 염의 1일 유효 투약량은 0.01mg/kg(체중) 내지 50mg/kg(체중), 특히 0.1mg/kg(체중) 내지 10mg/kg(체중), 및 바람직하게는 0.1mg/kg(체중) 내지 1mg/kg(체중)일 것으로 여겨진다.
정상혈압의 흑인 및 백인 제공자 유래의
네비볼롤
대사산물
및 산화질소 방출
미국 내에 흑인 사이에서 심혈관 위험 요소, 특히 고혈압이 만연되어 있음이 관찰되었다. 흑인들의 증가된 CV 위험은 감소된 NO의 생물학적 이용성을 포함하여, 혈관 생리에 있어서의 차이점에 기인한다. 이러한 개념은, 새열 혈관 활성의 임상적 평가가 동일 연령대의 백인과 비교하여 건강한 흑인에 있어서 내생 및 외생의 NO 모두에 대한 전도성 용기의 감소된 응답을 예증했다는 사실로부터 지지된다. 이 러한 차이의 근거는 내피-의존성 NO 합성(eNOS)의 훨씬 높은 수준에도 불구하고, 흑인의 내피 유래의 NO의 낮은 생물학적 이용성에 기인한다. 이러한 역설적인 세포적 기초는 과량의 NAD(P)H-옥시다아제 및 비결합 eNOS에 의한 과량의 O2 -의 생성이 NO의 O2 -와의 반응성에 의한 잠정적 산화제인 퍼옥시니트라이트(ONOO-)를 형성하는 결과에 기인하는 기능성 NO의 손실을 초래한다는 사실의 발견이다.
6개의 입체선택적 하이드록시 대사산물은 백인 및 흑인 제공자 모두에서 유래한 내피세포 내 NO의 생물학적 이용성을 유의적으로 증강시켰다. 몇몇 대사산물 및 심지어는 네비볼롤 분자 상의 하이드록실 치환체의 중요 위치선정에 기인한 l-네비볼롤도 네비볼롤보다 극적으로 높은 NO 방출 활성을 보였다. 즉, 네비볼롤의 입체선택적 하이드록시 대사산물은 인간 내피세포의 NO 방출에 대한 잠재적인 자극제이다. 또한, 특정 하이드록시 대사산물도 네비볼롤 또는 하이드록실 치환체의 선택에 기인한 l-네비볼롤보다 극적으로 높은 NO 방출 활성을 보유한다.
실험적 세부사항: 흑인 및 백인 제공자 모두에서 유래한 내피세포에 6개의 입체선택적 하이드록시 대사산물을 이용한 급성 치료에서 6개의 모든 하이드록시 대사산물이 d-네비볼롤보다 훨씬 우수한 활성을 보유하고, 대부분이 네비볼롤 라세메이트보다 우수한 활성을 보유하는 것으로 나타났다. 네비볼롤과 비교하였을 때, 4'(R)-하이드록시-7-플루오로-6-하이드록시-l-네비볼롤 대사산물은 백인 및 흑인 제공자에서 각각, 476±20 및 383±18 nmol/L까지, NO 방출에 있어서 거의 2배의 증가를 유발하는 것으로 나타났다. 4'(R)-하이드록시-5-플루오로-l-네비볼롤 대사산물도 또한 네비볼롤 및 심지어는 l-네비볼롤의 활성을 50% 이상 초과하였다. 이러한 결과는 네비볼롤의 하이드록시 대사산물이 인간의 내피세포 내에 급성 NO 방출에 있어서 현저하고 재연가능성이 높은 효과를 보유한다는 것을 나타냈다.
표 1 및 도 7에 있어서, 네비볼롤, d-네비볼롤, l-네비볼롤 및 6개의 입체선택적 하이드록시 대사산물의 NO 방출에 대한 비교 효과를 백인(흰색 막대) 및 흑인(검정색 막대) 제공자에게서 유래한 배양된 세포에 대하여 나타냈다. 이러한 내피세포 유래의 NO 방출은 세포 표면에 매우 근접하게 위치한 전기화학적 나노센서 로 측정했다. 6개의 모든 하이드록시 대사산물은 d-네비볼롤보다 상당히 높은 활성을 보유했고, 4개는 네비볼롤 라세메이트보다 우세했다. 네비볼롤과 비교했을 때, 4(R)-하이드록시-7-플루오로-6-하이드록시-l-네비볼롤(1689-64A) 대사산물은 백인 및 흑인 제공자로부터 각각, 476±20 및 383±18 nmol/L까지 NO 방출에 있어서 거의 2배의 증가를 유발하였다. 4'(R)-하이드록시-5-플루오로-l-네비볼롤 대사산물(1689-64B)도 또한 네비볼롤 및 심지어는 l-네보볼롤의 활성을 50% 이상 초과하였다. 가장 낮은 활성을 보유한 대사산물은 네비볼롤과 유사했다. 이러한 결과는 네비볼롤의 하이드록시 대사산물이 인간 내피세포 내에 급성 NO 방출에 있어서 현저하고 재연가능성이 높은 효과를 보유한다는 것을 나타냈다.
기타 약리학적
실시예
방법 및 재료: 인간 내피에서 유래한
NO
방출의 측정
제시된 모든 측정값은 민감성 포르피린계 프로브를 이용하여 생체 외에서 기록하였다. NO 방출은 인간의 제대정맥 내피세포(human umbilical vein endothelial cells:HUVEC)에서 직접 측정했다. HUVEC 세포는 미국 모식균 배양물 수집소(American Type Culture Collection)(마나사스(Manassas), VA)에서 수득했고, 1.5g/l 나트륨 바이카보네이트를 함유하도록 조절된 2mM L-글루타민을 보유하고, 헤파린 0.1mg/ml 및 내피 성장 보조인자(ECGS) = 10% 태아 송아지 혈청 0.03 - 0.05mg/ml로 보충된 Ham's F12K 배지에서 배양했다. HUVEC 세포는 CO2 농도(5%)를 증가시킨 대기에서 유지했다. 네비볼롤, 이의 거울상이성질체, 및 네비볼롤 대사산 물, 예컨대 네비볼롤 글루쿠로니드(glucuronide), 4-하이드록시-5'페놀 대사산물, 4-하이드록시-8'-페놀 대사산물, 4-하이드록시, 5-하이드록시, 8-하이드록시 대사산물, N-DAD, N-DACA 및 N-DAAA는 Mylan 실험실(모간타운(Morgantown), WV)에서 수득했다.
모든 내피 NO 방출의 측정은 37℃에서 행크의 평형용액(Hank's balace solution)에서 수행했다. 세포 웰(well)은 패러데이 상자로 이동시켰고 포르피린계 센서(직경 0.5mm)는 도립현미경(Leica Microsystems, 베츨러, 독일) 및 컴퓨터로 보조되는 머니퓰레이터를 이용하여 내피세포의 표면으로부터 5±2㎛의 거리에 위치시켰다. 센서는 하기의 3-전극 시스템으로 작동했다: 나노센서(작업 전극), 포화 칼로멜(calomel) 전극(기준 전극) 및 백금 와이어(반대 전극, 직경 0.5mm). 3개의 전극은 정전위기/정전류기(potentiostat/galvanostat) PAR273과 연결시켰다. 베이스라인은 약 20초 후에 안정화되었다. 시험대상 화합물을 완충액에서 용해시킨 후, 나노인젝터를 이용하여 세포 표면에 주사했다. NO 농도에 비례하는 전류를 센서로 측정했는데, 이 센서는 일정한 전위 0.63V에서 전류 방식으로 작동되는 것이었다. 데이터는 일반적인 소프트웨어가 있는 IBM 컴퓨터 및 암페로그램(amperogram)(현재 대 시간 곡선)을 이용하여 수득했으며, Guniry FAS1 펨토스텟(Femtostat)(와밍스터, PA)로 기록했다.
나노센서는 탄소섬유로 제조했다. 탄소섬유 끝의 사이즈는 온도를 조절한 연소에 의해 6㎛에서 1㎛ 미만으로 축소했다. 이 센서는 전기적 전도성의 중합체 포르피린의 침착에 의해 NO에 민감했으며 얇은 나피온(Nafion) 층으로 덮여있었다. 프로피린계(prophyrinic) 마이크로센서는 마이크로몰의 NO 농도에서 0.1ms의 반응 시간 및 1nM의 검출 제한 농도에서 10ms의 반응 시간을 갖는다.
NO를 위한 나노센서는 포화 용액(전해식 측정법으로 확인된 농도 1.82mM)을 이용하여 보정했다. 선형보정 곡선(linear calibration curve)은 각각의 센서에 대하여 세포 활성 측정 전 및 후의 NO에 5 내지 3을 곱하여 구축하였다. 데이터는 각각 3회 측정 수치에 대하여 평균±SEM으로서 나타냈다. 데이터(계산 및 플롯팅)는 Microcal Origin Software(OriginLab Corp., 노샘프턴, MA)에 넣었다.
HUVEC의 준비는 24시간 초과의 배양에 있어서 잔류 생존하는 세포를 이용한 것이 본 실험 과정에 대하여 안정적이었다. 비-자극적인 상태 하에서, NO 방출의 기저 농도는 매우 낮았다(<30μM). 치료 함수로서 NO 방출의 측정은 개별적인 내피세포에서 수행했다. NO 방출의 다중 측정은 짧은 불응기 후에 단일 세포에서 수행될 수 있었다. 확고한 통계적 분석을 위하여, 각각의 농도 및 이러한 분석에 이용되는 약물의 타입에 대하여 개별적인 세포를 이용했다.
네비볼롤
대사산물을
이용한 급성 치료의 내피세포 유래
NO
방출에 대한 비교 효과
이러한 분석의 결과는 β1-아드레노셉터(adrenoceptor)-선택적 길항물질 네비볼롤의 6개 대사산물이 농도의 범위에 따라 인간 내피세포 유래의 NO 방출에 대하여 다른 영향을 미친다는 것을 예증하는 것이다.
도 3은 10μM의 농도에서 약제를 첨가한 후 6개의 대사산물에 대해 나타나는 HUVEC 표본 유래의 피크 NO 방출을 비교한 것이다. 상기 도면으로부터, 대사산물은 동일한 실험 조건 하에서 NO 방출에 대하여 정량적으로 상이한 효과를 갖는다는 것이 명백해졌다. 상대적으로 높은 농도인 10μM에서는, 단 하나의 대사산물(4-하이드록시 네비볼롤)이 400nM을 초과하는 NO 농도를 산출했고, 반면에 3개의 대사산물(N-DAD, N-DACA 및 N-DAAA)는 이렇게 비교적 높은 농도에서도 90nM 미만의 피크 NO 농도를 산출했다. 나머지 2개의 대사산물(5-하이드록시 및 8-하이드록시 네비볼롤)은 10μM의 농도에서 대략 220nM의 NO로서 NO 방출에 대하여 중간 정도의 효과를 보유했다. 디하이드록시 네비볼롤 대사산물, 예컨대 4-하이드록시-5'-페놀 및 4-하이드록시-8'-페놀, 및 글루쿠로니드화된 대사산물은 모두 NO 방출 용량에 따라 활성화되었다.
이후, 특정 네비볼롤 대사산물의 NO 방출 효과를 도 4에서 아세틸콜린, 네비볼롤 및 네비볼롤의 거울상이성질체와 직접적으로 비교했다. 이러한 데이터는 대사산물인 4-하이드록시 네비볼롤이 네비볼롤 또는 네비볼롤의 거울상이성질체와 비교하여 우수한 NO 방출 효과를 보유한다는 것을 나타냈다. 동일한 농도 5μM에서, 4-하이드록시 네비볼롤에 의한 NO의 방출은 400nM을 초과하는 반면에, 네비볼롤은 대략 225nM 농도의 NO 피크 방출을 산출했다. 흥미롭게도, 4-하이드록시 네비볼롤은 내피 유래의 NO 방출에 대한 천연의 매개물질인 아세틸콜린으로 측정된 값에 가까운 NO 방출 효과를 나타냈다. 5-하이드록시 또는 8-하이드록시 네비볼롤으로 치료한 후에 내피의 NO 방출은 도 1-6에서 나타낸 바와 같이, 모체 네비볼롤 화합물 및 이의 거울상이성질체에 대한 것과 유사했다.
도 6에는, 가장 효능있는 4-하이드록시 네비볼롤을 모체 네비볼롤 화합물 및 이의 거울상이성질체와 비교했다. 이전의 도면과 일관되게, 동일한 실험 조건 하에서 약제가 투여될 경우에 상대적인 효능 및 효과에 있어서 유의적인 차이점이 있었다. 네비볼롤 및 다른 대사산물을 비교하면, 4-하이드록시 네비볼롤이 500nM의 EC50으로 넓은 범위에 걸쳐 최고의 NO 방출 효과를 나타냈다. 모체 화합물 또는 이의 거울상이성질체로의 치료를 비교하면, 500nM만큼 낮은 농도에서도 4-하이드록시 네비볼롤에 대하여 유의적인 효능의 차이를 관찰하였다.
Claims (82)
- 네비볼롤 대사산물의 화학식이 하기의 화학식(I)인, 하이드록시 치환 네비볼롤 대사산물의 적어도 하나의 입체이성질체, 또는 이의 약학적 허용성 염, 및 약학적 허용성 담체를 함유하는 약학적 조성물:
상기 식에서, 위치 3-5, 7, 8 및 3'-5', 7', 8' 중 하나 이상은 각각 독립적으로 하이드록시 그룹이거나 또는 각각 독립적으로 수소 원자이다. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 네비볼롤의 4번 위치가 하이드록시 그룹으로 치환된 것이 특징인, 약학적 조성물.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 네비볼롤의 4'번 위치가 하이드록시 그룹으로 치환된 것이 특징인, 약학적 조성물.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 네비볼롤의 4번 및 8번, 4번 및 8'번, 4'번 및 8번, 또는 4'번 및 8'번 위치가 하이드록시 그룹으로 이치환된 것이 특징인, 약학적 조 성물.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 네비볼롤의 4번 및 5'번 위치 또는 상기 네비볼롤의 4'번 및 5번 위치가 하이드록시 그룹으로 치환된 것이 특징인, 약학적 조성물.
- 제1항에 기재된 조성물의 치료적 유효량을 투여하는 것을 포함하여, 환자의 심혈관 질환을 치료 및/또는 예방하는 방법.
- 제6항에 있어서, 심혈관 질환이 울혈성 심부전증, 고혈압, 폐동맥고혈압, 심근 및 뇌경색, 죽상경화증, 죽종형성, 혈전증, 허혈성 심장병, 혈관성형후 재협착증, 관상 동맥 질환, 신부전, 안정형, 불안정형 및 이형(프린쯔메탈) 협심증, 심장부종, 신장 부족증, 신부종, 간부종, 발작, 일과성 허혈발작, 뇌혈관사고, 재협착증, 혈압 제어성 고혈압, 혈소판 부착, 혈소판 응집, 평활근 세포 증식, 폐 부종, 의료 장치의 사용과 관련된 혈관 합병증, 의료 장치의 사용과 관련된 상처, 폐혈전색전증, 뇌혈전색전증, 혈전정맥염, 저혈소판증 및 출혈 장애로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서, 상기 심혈관 질환은 울혈성 심부전증, 고혈압, 재협착증 및 죽상경화증으로 이루어진 그룹에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 방법.
- 각각의 단위가 원하는 치료 효과를 산출하기 위해 필요한 소정량의 네비볼롤 대사산물을 함유하고, 약학적 담체와 결합된 단위 투약 형태의 하이드록시화된 네비볼롤 대사산물.
- 제6항에 있어서, 상기 조성물이 정맥내로, 경구적으로, 협측으로, 비경구적으로, 흡입 스프레이로, 국소 적용으로 또는 경피적으로 투여되는 것이 특징인 방법.
- 네비볼롤 대사산물의 화학식이 하기의 화학식(I)인, 하이드록시 치환 네비볼롤 대사산물의 적어도 하나의 입체이성질체, 또는 이의 약학적 허용성 염, 및 적어도 하나의 다른 활성제를 함유하는 약학적 조성물:
상기 식에서, 위치 3-5, 7, 8 및 3'-5', 7', 8' 중 하나 이상은 각각 독립적으로 하이드록시 그룹이거나 또는 각각 독립적으로 수소 원자이다. - 제11항에 있어서, 적어도 하나의 다른 활성제가 심혈관제인 것이 특징인 약 학 조성물.
- 제12항에 있어서, 심혈관제가 ACE 억제제, ARB, 아드레날린 차단제, 아드레날린 작동물질(agonist), 크롬친화세포종 약제, 항부정맥제, 항혈소판제, 항응고제, 항고혈압제, 항고지혈증제, 항당뇨제, 소염제, 칼슘 통로 차단제, CETP 억제제, COX-2 억제제, 직접 트롬빈 억제제, 이뇨제, 엔도텔린 수용체 길항물질, HMG Co-A 환원효소 억제제, 수축촉진제, 레닌 억제제, 혈관확장제, 혈관수축제, AGE 가교 붕괴제, AGE 형성 억제제 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 제12항에 있어서, 심혈관제가 ACE 억제제, ARB 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 제14항에 있어서, 심혈관제가 ACE 억제제인 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 제15항에 있어서, ACE 억제제가 알라세프릴(alacepril), 베나제프릴(benazepril), 캡토프릴(captopril), 세로나프릴(ceronapril), 실라자프릴(cilazapril), 델라프릴(delapril), 에날라프릴(enalapril), 에날라프릴라트(enalaprilat), 포시노프릴(fosinopril), 이미다프릴(imidapril), 리시노프릴(lisinopril), 페린도프릴(perindopril), 퀴나프릴(quinapril), 라미프 릴(ramipril), 라미프릴라트(ramiprilat), 스피라프릴(spirapril), 테모카프릴(temocapril), 트란돌라프릴(trandolapril), 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 제15항에 있어서, ACE 억제제가 에날라프릴, 라미프릴 및 라미프릴라트, 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 제14항에 있어서, 심혈관제가 ARB인 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 제18항에 있어서, ARB가 칸데사탄(candesartan), 에프로사탄(eprosartan), 이르베사탄(irbesartan), 로사탄(losartan), 발사탄(valsartan), 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 제12항에 있어서, 심혈관제가 AGE 가교 붕괴제, AGE 형성 억제제 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 네비볼롤 대사산물의 화학식이 하기의 화학식(I)인, 하이드록시 치환 네비볼롤 대사산물의 적어도 하나의 입체이성질체, 또는 이의 약학적 허용성 염, 및 오로지 하나의 다른 활성제를 함유하는 조성물:
상기 식에서, 위치 3-5, 7, 8 및 3'-5', 7', 8' 중 하나 이상은 각각 독립적으로 하이드록시 그룹이거나 또는 각각 독립적으로 수소 원자이다. - 제21항에 있어서, 다른 활성제가 심혈관제인 것이 특징인 조성물.
- 제22항에 있어서, 심혈관제가 ACE 억제제, ARB, 아드레날린 차단제, 아드레날린 작동물질, 크롬친화세포종 약제, 항부정맥제, 항혈소판제, 항응고제, 항고혈압제, 항고지혈증제, 항당뇨제, 소염제, 칼슘 통로 차단제, CETP 억제제, COX-2 억제제, 직접 트롬빈 억제제, 이뇨제, 엔도텔린 수용체 길항물질, HMG Co-A 환원효소 억제제, 수축촉진제, 레닌 억제제, 혈관확장제, 혈관수축제, AGE 가교 붕괴제, AGE 형성 억제제 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 조성물.
- 제22항에 있어서, 심혈관제가 ACE 억제제 및 ARB로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 조성물.
- 제22항에 있어서, 심혈관제가 알라세프릴(alacepril), 베나제프릴(benazepril), 캡토프릴(captopril), 세로나프릴(ceronapril), 실라자프릴(cilazapril), 델라프릴(delapril), 에날라프릴(enalapril), 에날라프릴라트(enalaprilat), 포시노프릴(fosinopril), 이미다프릴(imidapril), 리시노프릴(lisinopril), 페린도프릴(perindopril), 퀴나프릴(quinapril), 라미프릴(ramipril), 라미프릴라트(ramiprilat), 스피라프릴(spirapril), 테모카프릴(temocapril), 트란돌라프릴(trandolapril), 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 ACE 억제제인 것이 특징인 조성물.
- 제22항에 있어서, 심혈관제가 칸데사탄(candesartan), 에프로사탄(eprosartan), 이르베사탄(irbesartan), 로사탄(losartan) 및 발사탄(valsartan) 으로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 ARB인 것이 특징인 조성물.
- 제22항에 있어서, 심혈관제가 AGE 가교 붕괴제 및 AGE 형성 억제제로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 조성물.
- 네비볼롤 대사산물의 화학식이 하기의 화학식(I)인 하이드록시 치환 네비볼롤 대사산물의 적어도 하나의 입체이성질체, 또는 이의 약학적 허용성 염 및 적어도 하나의 다른 활성제, 및 약학적-허용성 담체를 함유하는 약학적 조성물:
상기 식에서, 위치 3-5, 7, 8 및 3'-5', 7', 8' 중 하나 이상은 각각 독립적으로 하이드록시 그룹이거나 또는 각각 독립적으로 수소 원자이다. - 제28항에 있어서, 적어도 하나의 다른 활성제가 심혈관제인 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 제29항에 있어서, 심혈관제가 ACE 억제제, ARB, 아드레날린 차단제, 아드레날린 작동물질(agonist), 크롬친화세포종 약제, 항부정맥제, 항혈소판제, 항응고제, 항고혈압제, 항고지혈증제, 항당뇨제, 소염제, 칼슘 통로 차단제, CETP 억제제, COX-2 억제제, 직접 트롬빈 억제제, 이뇨제, 엔도텔린 수용체 길항물질, HMG Co-A 환원효소 억제제, 수축촉진제, 레닌 억제제, 혈관확장제, 혈관수축제, AGE 가교 붕괴제, AGE 형성 억제제 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 제29항에 있어서, 심혈관제가 ACE 억제제, ARB 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 제31항에 있어서, 심혈관제가 ACE 억제제인 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 제32항에 있어서, ACE 억제제가 알라세프릴(alacepril), 베나제프릴(benazepril), 캡토프릴(captopril), 세로나프릴(ceronapril), 실라자프릴(cilazapril), 델라프릴(delapril), 에날라프릴(enalapril), 에날라프릴라트(enalaprilat), 포시노프릴(fosinopril), 이미다프릴(imidapril), 리시노프릴(lisinopril), 페린도프릴(perindopril), 퀴나프릴(quinapril), 라미프릴(ramipril), 라미프릴라트(ramiprilat), 스피라프릴(spirapril), 테모카프릴(temocapril), 트란돌라프릴(trandolapril), 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것인 약학 조성물.
- 제33항에 있어서, ACE 억제제가 에날라프릴, 라미프릴 및 라미프릴라트 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것인 약학 조성물.
- 제31항에 있어서, 심혈관제가 ARB인 약학 조성물.
- 제35항에 있어서, ARB가 칸데사탄, 에프로사탄, 이르베사탄, 로사탄, 발사탄 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것인 약학 조성물.
- 제29항에 있어서, 심혈관제가 AGE 가교 붕괴제, AGE 형성 억제제 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 심혈관 질환을 치료하기에 충분한, 하이드록시 치환 네비볼롤 대사산물의 적어도 하나의 입체이성질체 또는 이의 약학적 허용성 염, 및 혼합물을 형성하기 위한 적어도 다른 활성제의 치료적으로 안전한 유효량을 검체에게 투여하는 것을 포함하되, 상기 네비볼롤 대사산물의 화학식은 하기의 화학식(I)인 심혈관 질환의 치료 및/또는 예방 방법:
상기 식에서, 위치 3-5, 7, 8 및 3'-5', 7', 8' 중 하나 이상은 각각 독립적으로 하이드록시 그룹이거나 또는 각각 독립적으로 수소 원자이다. - 제38항에 있어서, 적어도 하나의 다른 활성제가 심혈관제인 것이 특징인 방법.
- 제39항에 있어서, 심혈관제가 ACE 억제제, ARB, 아드레날린 차단제, 아드레 날린 작동물질, 크롬친화세포종 약제, 항부정맥제, 항혈소판제, 항응고제, 항고혈압제, 항고지혈증제, 항당뇨제, 소염제, 칼슘 통로 차단제, CETP 억제제, COX-2 억제제, 직접 트롬빈 억제제, 이뇨제, 엔도텔린 수용체 길항물질, HMG Co-A 환원효소 억제제, 수축촉진제, 레닌 억제제, 혈관확장제, 혈관수축제, AGE 가교 붕괴제, AGE 형성 억제제 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 방법.
- 제38항에 있어서, 심혈관 질환이 울혈성 심부전증, 고혈압, 폐동맥고혈압, 심근 및 뇌경색, 죽상경화증, 죽종형성, 혈전증, 허혈성 심장병, 혈관성형후 재협착증, 관상 동맥 질환, 신부전, 안정형, 불안정형 및 이형(프린쯔메탈) 협심증, 심장부종, 신장 부족증, 신부종, 간부종, 발작, 일과성 허혈발작, 뇌혈관사고, 재협착증, 혈압 제어성 고혈압, 혈소판 부착, 혈소판 응집, 평활근 세포 증식, 폐 부종, 의료 장치의 사용과 관련된 혈관 합병증, 의료 장치의 사용과 관련된 상처, 폐혈전색전증, 뇌혈전색전증, 혈전정맥염, 저혈소판증 및 출혈 장애로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 방법.
- 제40항에 있어서, 심혈관제가 ACE 억제제, ARB 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 방법.
- 제42항에 있어서, 심혈관제가 ACE 억제제인 것이 특징인 방법.
- 제42항에 있어서, 심혈관제가 ARB인 것이 특징인 방법.
- 제40항에 있어서, 심혈관제가 AGE 가교 붕괴제, AGE 형성 억제제 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 방법.
- 제28항에 있어서, 상기 조성물이 약학 키트를 구성하는 것인 약학 조성물.
- 제12항에 있어서, 심혈관제가 혈관확장제인 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 제47항에 있어서, 혈관확장제가 이소소르비드 디니트레이트, 이소소르비드 모노니트레이트 및 하이드랄라진 화합물, 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 제11항에 있어서, 적어도 하나의 다른 활성제가 플라보노이드인 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 제49항에 있어서, 플라보노이드가 (-)-에피카테킨, (+)-카테킨, 프로시아니딘 B2, 건조 케르세틴(quercetin dehydrate), 탁시폴린(taxifolin), 레스베라트롤, 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 제11항에 있어서, 적어도 하나의 다른 활성제가 플라보노이드, 카로테노이드, 설포닐우레아 및 니아신과 관련 유도체, 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것인 약학 조성물.
- 제51항에 있어서, 적어도 하나의 다른 활성제가 카로테노이드인 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 제52항에 있어서, 카로테노이드가 아스타잔틴(astaxanthin), 제아잔틴(zeaxanthin), 루테인, 라이코펜, 베타-카로틴 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 제51항에 있어서, 적어도 하나의 다른 활성제가 설포닐우레아인 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 제54항에 있어서, 설포닐우레아가 아세토헥사미드(acetohexamide), 디아베타(DiaBeta), 글리벤클라미드(glibenclamide), 글리클라지드(gliclazide), 글리피지드(glipizide), 글리코피라미드(glyclopyramide), 클로로프로파미드(chlorpropamide), 톨라자미드(tolazamide), 톨부타미드(tolbutamide), 글리메피라이드(glimepiride), 톨부타미드(tolbutamide) 및 메글리티나이드(meglitinide) 유사체 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 약학 조성물.
- 제39항에 있어서, 심혈관제가 혈관확장제인 것이 특징인 방법.
- 제56항에 있어서, 혈관확장제가 이소소르비드 디니트레이트, 이소소르비드 모노니트레이트 및 하이드랄라진 화합물, 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 방법.
- 제57항에 있어서, 하이드랄라진 화합물이 부드랄라진(budralazine), 캐드랄라진(cadralazine), 디하이드랄라진, 엔드랄라진, 하이드랄라진, 필드랄라진 및 토드랄라진 또는 이의 약학적 허용성 염, 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 방법.
- 제38항에 있어서, 적어도 하나의 다른 활성제가 플라보노이드인 것이 특징인 방법.
- 제59항에 있어서, 플라보노이드가 (-)-에피카테킨, (+)-카테킨, 프로시아니딘 B2, 건조 케르세틴(quercetin dehydrate), 탁시폴린(taxifolin), 레스베라트롤, 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 방법.
- 제38항에 있어서, 적어도 하나의 다른 활성제가 플라보노이드, 카로테노이드, 설포닐우레아 및 니아신과 관련 유도체, 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 방법.
- NO 방출을 증가시키기에 충분한 혼합물을 형성하는, 하이드록시 치환 네비볼롤 대사산물의 적어도 하나의 입체성질체 또는 이의 약학적 허용성 염 및 적어도 하나의 다른 심혈관제의 치료적으로 안전한 유효량을 흑인 환자에게 투여하는 것을 포함하여, 치료를 요하는 흑인 환자의 NO 방출을 증가시키는 방법으로서, 상기 네비볼롤 대사산물의 화학식은 하기의 화학식(I)인, 방법:
상기 식에서, 위치 3-5, 7, 8 및 3'-5', 7', 8' 중 하나 이상은 각각 독립적으로 하이드록시 그룹이거나 또는 각각 독립적으로 수소 원자이다. - 제62항에 있어서, 적어도 하나의 다른 심혈관제가 ACE 억제제, ARB, 아드레날린 차단제, 아드레날린 작동물질(agonist), 크롬친화세포종 약제, 항부정맥제, 항혈소판제, 항응고제, 항고혈압제, 항고지혈증제, 항당뇨제, 소염제, 칼슘 통로 차단제, CETP 억제제, COX-2 억제제, 직접 트롬빈 억제제, 이뇨제, 엔도텔린 수용체 길항물질, HMG Co-A 환원효소 억제제, 수축촉진제, 레닌 억제제, 혈관확장제, 혈관수축제, AGE 가교 붕괴제, AGE 형성 억제제 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 방법.
- 제63항에 있어서, 적어도 하나의 다른 심혈관제가 혈관확장제인 것이 특징인 방법.
- 제64항에 있어서, 혈관확장제가 이소소르비드 디니트레이트, 이소소르비드 모노니트레이트 및 하이드랄라진 화합물, 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 방법.
- 제65항에 있어서, 하이드랄라진 화합물이 부드랄라진(budralazine), 캐드랄라진(cadralazine), 디하이드랄라진, 엔드랄라진, 하이드랄라진, 필드랄라진 및 토드랄라진 또는 이의 약학적 허용성 염, 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 방법.
- (i) 네비볼롤 대사산물의 화학식이 하기의 화학식(I)인, 하이드록시 치환 네비볼롤 대사산물의 적어도 하나의 입체이성질체 또는 이의 약학적 허용성 염:
(상기 식에서, 위치 3-5, 7, 8 및 3'-5', 7', 8' 중 하나 이상은 각각 독립적으로 하이드록시 그룹이거나 또는 각각 독립적으로 수소 원자이다);(ii) 적어도 하나의 하이드랄라진 화합물 또는 이의 약학적 허용성 염;(iii) 적어도 하나의 이소소르비드 디니트레이트 및/또는 이소소르비드 모노니트레이트; 및(iv) 경우에 따라, 디기탈리스 화합물, 이뇨성 화합물, 칼륨, 안지오텐신 변환효소 억제제, 베타 아드레날린 차단제, 콜레스테롤 강하제, 칼슘 통로 차단제, 안지오텐신 II 수용체 길항물질 및 엔도텔린 길항물질로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 1종 이상의 화합물을 각각 화합물의 치료적 유효량으로 흑인 환자에게 투여하는 것을 포함하여, 흑인 환자의 심혈관 질환과 관련된 사망율을 감소시키는 방법. - 제67항에 있어서, 상기 심혈관 장애는 울혈성 심부전증, 고혈압, 폐동맥고혈압, 심근 및 뇌경색, 죽상경화증, 죽종형성, 혈전증, 허혈성 심장병, 혈관성형후 재협착증, 관상 동맥 질환, 신부전, 안정형, 불안정형 및 이형(프린쯔메탈) 협심증, 심장부종, 신장 부족증, 신부종, 간부종, 발작, 일과성 허혈발작, 뇌혈관사고, 재협착증, 혈압 제어성 고혈압, 혈소판 부착, 혈소판 응집, 평활근 세포 증식, 폐 부종, 의료 장치의 사용과 관련된 혈관 합병증, 의료 장치의 사용과 관련된 상처, 폐혈전색전증, 뇌혈전색전증, 혈전정맥염, 저혈소판증 및 출혈 장애로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 방법.
- 제68항에 있어서, 상기 심혈관 장애는 고혈압인 것이 특징인 방법.
- 제69항에 있어서, 하이드랄라진 화합물이 부드랄라진, 캐드랄라진, 디하이드랄라진, 엔드랄라진, 하이드랄라진, 필드랄라진, 토드랄라진 또는 이의 약학적 허용성 염, 및 이들의 혼합물인 것이 특징인 방법.
- 제67항에 있어서, 네비볼롤이 약 1mg/일 내지 약 10mg/일의 양으로 투여되는 것이 특징인 방법.
- (i) 네비볼롤 대사산물의 화학식이 하기의 화학식(I)인, 하이드록시 치환 네비볼롤 대사산물의 적어도 하나의 입체이성질체 또는 이의 약학적 허용성 염:
(상기 식에서, 위치 3-5, 7, 8 및 3'-5', 7', 8' 중 하나 이상은 각각 독립적으로 하이드록시 그룹이거나 또는 각각 독립적으로 수소 원자이다);(ii) 적어도 하나의 하이드랄라진 화합물 또는 이의 약학적 허용성 염;(iii) 적어도 하나의 이소소르비드 디니트레이트 및/또는 이소소르비드 모노니트레이트; 및(iv) 경우에 따라, 디기탈리스 화합물, 이뇨성 화합물, 칼륨, 안지오텐신 변환효소 억제제, 베타 아드레날린 차단제, 콜레스테롤 강하제, 칼슘 통로 차단제, 안지오텐신 II 수용체 길항물질 및 엔도텔린 길항물질로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 1종 이상의 화합물을 각각 치료적 유효량으로 흑인 환자에게 투여하는 것을 포함하여, 치료를 요하는 흑인 환자의 NO 방출을 개선시키는 방법. - 제72항에 있어서, 하이드랄라진 화합물이 부드랄라진, 캐드랄라진, 디하이드랄라진, 엔드랄라진, 하이드랄라진, 필드랄라진, 토드랄라진 또는 이의 약학적 허용성 염, 및 이들의 혼합물인 것이 특징인 방법.
- 제73항에 있어서, 상기 하이드랄라진 화합물은 하이드랄라진 염산염인 것이 특징인 방법.
- (i) 네비볼롤 대사산물의 화학식이 하기의 화학식(I)인, 하이드록시 치환 네비볼롤 대사산물의 적어도 하나의 입체이성질체 또는 이의 약학적 허용성 염:
(상기 식에서, 위치 3-5, 7, 8 및 3'-5', 7', 8' 중 하나 이상은 각각 독립적으로 하이드록시 그룹이거나 또는 각각 독립적으로 수소 원자이다);(ii) 적어도 하나의 하이드랄라진 화합물 또는 이의 약학적 허용성 염;(iii) 적어도 하나의 이소소르비드 디니트레이트 및/또는 이소소르비드 모노니트레이트; 및(iv) 경우에 따라, 디기탈리스 화합물, 이뇨성 화합물, 칼륨, 안지오텐신 변환효소 억제제, 베타 아드레날린 차단제, 콜레스테롤 강하제, 칼슘 통로 차단제, 안지오텐신 II 수용체 길항물질 및 엔도텔린 길항물질로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 1종 이상의 화합물을 각각 치료적 유효량으로 흑인 환자에게 투여하는 것을 포함하여, 치료를 요하는 흑인 환자의 운동 내성(exercise tolerance)을 개선시키거나 삶의 질을 향상시키는 방법. - 제75항에 있어서, 하이드랄라진 화합물이 부드랄라진, 캐드랄라진, 디하이드랄라진, 엔드랄라진, 하이드랄라진 염산염, 필드랄라진 및 토드랄라진 또는 이의 약학적 허용성 염, 및 이의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 방법.
- 제76항에 있어서, 하이드랄라진 화합물이 하이드랄라진 염산염인 것이 특징인 방법.
- 네비볼롤 대사산물의 화학식이 하기 화학식(I)인, 하이드록시 치환 네비볼롤 대사산물의 적어도 하나의 입체이성질체 또는 이의 약학적 허용성 염, 약 1mg/일 내지 약 10mg/일 범위의 함량과 적어도 하나의 다른 심혈관제를 흑인 환자에게 투여하는 것을 포함하여, 치료를 요하는 흑인 환자의 NO 방출을 증가시키는 방법:
상기 식에서, 위치 3-5, 7, 8 및 3'-5', 7', 8' 중 하나 이상은 각각 독립적으로 하이드록시 그룹이거나 또는 각각 독립적으로 수소 원자이다. - 제78항에 있어서, 상기 심혈관제는 이소소르비드 디니트레이트, 이소소르비드 모노니트레이트, 하이드랄라진 화합물, 및 이들의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 방법.
- 네비볼롤 대사산물의 화학식이 하기의 화학식(I)인, 하이드록시 치환 네비볼 롤 대사산물의 적어도 하나의 입체이성질체 또는 이의 약학적 허용성 염, 약 1mg/일 내지 약 10mg/일 범위의 함량과 이소소르비드 디니트레이트, 이소소르비드 모노니트레이트, 하이드랄라진 화합물 및 이들의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택된 적어도 하나의 다른 심혈관제를 환자에게 투여하는 것을 포함하여, 심혈관 질환을 치료 및/또는 예방하는 방법:
상기 식에서, 위치 3-5, 7, 8 및 3'-5', 7', 8' 중 하나 이상은 각각 독립적으로 하이드록시 그룹이거나 또는 각각 독립적으로 수소 원자이다. - (i) 네비볼롤 대사산물의 화학식이 하기의 화학식(I)인, 하이드록시 치환 네비볼롤 대사산물의 적어도 하나의 입체이성질체 또는 이의 약학적 허용성 염, 약 1mg/일 내지 약 10mg/일 범위의 양:
(상기 식에서, 위치 3-5, 7, 8 및 3'-5', 7', 8' 중 하나 이상은 각각 독립적으로 하이드록시 그룹이거나 또는 각각 독립적으로 수소 원자이다);(ii) 적어도 하나의 심혈관제; 및(iii) 경우에 따라, 디기탈리스 화합물, 이뇨성 화합물, 칼륨, 안지오텐신 변환효소 억제제, 베타 아드레날린 차단제, 콜레스테롤 강하제, 칼슘 통로 차단제, 안지오텐신 II 수용체 길항물질 및 엔도텔린 길항물질로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택되는 1종 이상의 화합물을 각각 치료적 유효량으로 흑인 환자에게 투여하는 것을 포함하여, 치료를 요하는 흑인 환자의 운동 내성을 개선시키거나 삶의 질을 향상시키는 방법. - 제81항에 있어서, 상기 심혈관제는 ACE 억제제, ARB's, 아드레날린 차단제, 아드레날린 작동물질, 크롬친화세포종 약제, 항부정맥제, 항혈소판제, 항응고제, 항고혈압제, 항고지혈증제, 항당뇨제, 소염제, 칼슘 통로 차단제, CETP 억제제, COX-2 억제제, 직접 트롬빈 억제제, 이뇨제, 엔도텔린 수용체 길항물질, HMG Co-A 환원효소 억제제, 수축촉진제, 레닌 억제제, 혈관확장제, 혈관수축제, AGE 가교 붕괴제 및 이들의 혼합물로 이루어진 그룹에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 방법.
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| US64855105P | 2005-01-31 | 2005-01-31 | |
| US60/648,551 | 2005-01-31 | ||
| US75585606P | 2006-01-03 | 2006-01-03 | |
| US60/755,856 | 2006-01-03 |
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| KR20080016527A true KR20080016527A (ko) | 2008-02-21 |
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| US (2) | US20070014733A1 (ko) |
| EP (1) | EP1848424B1 (ko) |
| JP (1) | JP2008528626A (ko) |
| KR (1) | KR20080016527A (ko) |
| AP (1) | AP2764A (ko) |
| AU (1) | AU2006210952B2 (ko) |
| CA (1) | CA2596426A1 (ko) |
| IL (1) | IL184894A (ko) |
| NZ (1) | NZ560386A (ko) |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2017119629A1 (ko) * | 2016-01-08 | 2017-07-13 | 에리슨제약(주) | 용출률이 개선된 네비보롤을 포함하는 약학적 조성물 |
| AU2016385282B2 (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2019-11-21 | Elyson Pharm | Pharmaceutical composition comprising nebivolol with improved dissolution rate |
Families Citing this family (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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- 2006-01-30 AU AU2006210952A patent/AU2006210952B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-01-30 EP EP06719896.0A patent/EP1848424B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-01-30 SG SG2010030559A patent/SG175477A1/en unknown
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- 2006-01-30 RU RU2007132730/15A patent/RU2433823C2/ru active
- 2006-01-30 US US11/342,497 patent/US20070014733A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-01-30 CA CA002596426A patent/CA2596426A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-01-30 KR KR1020077019852A patent/KR20080016527A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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2010
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2017119629A1 (ko) * | 2016-01-08 | 2017-07-13 | 에리슨제약(주) | 용출률이 개선된 네비보롤을 포함하는 약학적 조성물 |
| AU2016385282B2 (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2019-11-21 | Elyson Pharm | Pharmaceutical composition comprising nebivolol with improved dissolution rate |
Also Published As
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| SG175477A1 (en) | 2011-11-28 |
| AU2006210952B2 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
| US20070014733A1 (en) | 2007-01-18 |
| NZ560386A (en) | 2009-12-24 |
| AU2006210952A1 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
| WO2006083779A2 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
| IL184894A (en) | 2012-10-31 |
| AP2764A (en) | 2013-09-30 |
| AP2007004089A0 (en) | 2007-08-31 |
| EP1848424A2 (en) | 2007-10-31 |
| IL184894A0 (en) | 2007-12-03 |
| RU2433823C2 (ru) | 2011-11-20 |
| CA2596426A1 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
| JP2008528626A (ja) | 2008-07-31 |
| WO2006083779A3 (en) | 2006-11-23 |
| US20110065783A1 (en) | 2011-03-17 |
| EP1848424B1 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
| RU2007132730A (ru) | 2009-03-10 |
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