JP2008523237A - Compounds and methods for improving lubrication, pour point and fuel performance - Google Patents

Abstract

Additives include polyalphaolefin (PAO), calcium source, one or more vegetable oils derived from beans, seeds or roots, or ingredients derived from these beans, seeds or roots, such as castor oil, jojoba oil, Rapeseed (canola) oil, palm oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil and the like. Preferred compositions comprise a calcium source, PAO, castor oil, jojoba oil, and soy methyl ester and / or rapeseed oil / ester. This additive can be used with fuel to improve the performance of the internal combustion engine with respect to efficiency and emissions. This additive can be used in lubricants to improve the performance of ferrous and non-ferrous metal parts of engines, firearms or other machinery. This additive can also be used in cutting fluids for machining and manufacturing. Embodiments of the invention in combination with other additives can be used to lower the pour point of oils, esters and other similar products.

Description

  This application claims priority from US Provisional Application No. 60 / 636,416, filed Dec. 14, 2004.

  The present invention relates to power plant fuels or additives for power plant fuels that improve the performance of internal combustion engines with respect to efficiency and exhaust. The present invention may also relate to lubricants or additives for lubricants that improve the performance of ferrous and non-ferrous metal parts of engines, firearms or machinery. The present invention also provides for cutting fluids or cutting fluids used in applications that benefit from easier cutting and lowering, such as machining and manufacturing, and mining and other similar cutting, shearing and grinding. It may also be involved in other additives. Furthermore, the present invention can also act as an accelerator for the action of pour point depressant additives for fuels, oils, esters, greases, paste compounds such as cosmetics, and other fluids and semi-solids.

  The inventor of the present invention in US Pat. No. 5,505,867 (issued April 9, 1996) discloses a composition comprising overbased sulfonate, jojoba oil and castor oil for inclusion in fuels and lubricants. ing. The combination of these three components has been found to provide excellent lubrication performance when added to metal lubricants. The combination of these three components has been found to provide excellent power, reduced fuel consumption and reduced smoke when added to automotive diesel fuel. The combination of these three components, when added to research octane number 95 gasoline, the single-engine aircraft engine does not cause initial detonation (or abnormal combustion) even if the fuel is 20-25% “dilute”. can do.

  Many other inventions and products attempt to improve engine performance and lubricating oil performance and vary in effectiveness. Many commercial products are available from major oil companies and smaller specialized manufacturers that remove deposits, prevent deposit formation, lubricate engine metal surfaces, remove water droplets in fuel Or it advertises that rust prevention improves engine performance and service life.

  In light of the above invention by the inventor and in view of the many formulations available on the market, the inventor has found that lubricants and fuel additives and methods of using such additives have improved. I think it is required. Embodiments of the present invention meet these and other needs.

  The present invention improves combustion performance when added to engine fuel and reduces harmful emissions from internal combustion engines, and improves lubrication performance when added to lubricants for metals. Including a composition. Preferred embodiments include polyalphaolefins (PAO) mixed as additives for fuels and lubricants, calcium sources, and one or more vegetable oils (liquid vegetable / plant fats, carboxyl esters )including. These vegetable oil components may be derived, for example, from beans, seeds, roots or other vegetable and plant parts, such as castor oil, jojoba oil, rapeseed (canola) oil, palm oil, sunflower oil, coconut oil (Coconut oil), soybean oil and soybean oil methyl and ethyl esters. Preferred compositions comprise a calcium source, PAO, castor oil, jojoba oil, and soybean oil methyl (or ethyl) ester and / or canola oil. In another embodiment, other preferred compositions comprise a calcium source, PAO, castor oil, and jojoba oil, with or without soy oil methyl or ethyl ester, preferably a soy-based fuel or soy-containing fuel, such as Soybean methyl (or ethyl) ester is to be mixed for addition to "Biodiesel". Preferably, the fuel based on or containing soy base ester preferably comprises a pour point depressant, most preferably the additive is formulated for addition to a pour point depressant added to biodiesel. Has been.

A preferred method is to add the composition according to the present invention to vehicles and stationary engines from stationary and non-stationary internal combustion engines, including diesel fuel, gasoline fuel, two-cycle fuel, aviation fuel and marine fuel. harmful emissions, in particular to reduce the NO _x. The inventor has shown that the additive aspect of the present invention fully meets the requirements of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2006 Directive for ultra-low sulfur diesel and gasoline fuels, promotes combustion, We believe that it can act to improve wear characteristics and reduce various toxic emissions. The additive aspect of the present invention will be effective in ethanol E85 fuel, a fuel containing about 85% ethanol currently sold in several regions.

  Embodiments of the composition of the present invention may be used for lubricants for ferrous and non-ferrous metals, plastics, composites and other materials, such as additives in liquid or solid lubricants and greases, or for firearms and other machinery. It can act satisfactorily as an additive in anti-corrosion treatment agents. The composition can also be used in a cutting fluid.

  The additive aspect of the present invention is also preferred by additionally subsidizing / promoting pour point depression, most preferably by adding to conventional pour point depressants used in biodiesel. Although less inferior, preferably by adding it directly to biodiesel that already contains a pour point depressant, it can work well to comply with the directive to include biodiesel in conventional petroleum diesel fuel. As an enhancer of pour point depressants, the additive aspect of the present invention can be used in bean oil, seed oil, animal oils, esters and other oils, fuels containing such oils, and pour points of other fuels. Can be used in combination with conventional pour point depressants that are not effective per se or have minimal effectiveness. The combination of additives and conventional pour point depressants significantly lowers the pour point in the oils and fuels described above, so that these materials can be handled and stored very easily and properly even in cold climates, for example. Become. In the case of pasty materials such as fats, cosmetics, and similar materials, embodiments of the present invention can help maintain a more flexible and supple solid at low temperatures.

  The inventor also anticipates that the compositions of the present invention will be used in other materials that are currently in use or that may be used in the future.

  Various embodiments of the composition of the present invention may be used alone or mixed in fuels, lubricants, treating agents or cutting oils, or additives or additives for these fuels, lubricants or cutting oils. It can be formulated for use in a pour point depressant. Various embodiments of the composition according to the present invention can be used to treat various surfaces and improve the combustion and / or operation of an internal combustion engine. This allows machines and devices to operate more efficiently with reduced wear and failure. In internal combustion engines, wear and failure are reduced and / or pollutant emissions are reduced during operation.

Of particular interest and benefit is the surprising reduction in harmful emissions from combustion fuels by the composition aspect of the present invention. Even in small amounts of the composition added to the fuel under study, NO _x , VOC, HC, exhaust smoke and odor are reduced. The inventor believes that the composition according to the present invention provides a synergistic effect, particularly in the treatment of metallic engine surfaces and improved combustion characteristics, resulting in significantly improved and cleaner engine performance. Immediate effects are seen with respect to reducing harmful and unfavorable emissions, and long-term effects are observed when at least temporary changes in the metal surface are observed, thereby driving the additive of the present invention into the fuel. Can be seen in the continuous display of improved performance (compared to operation prior to additive addition) even if the engine is changed back to the original fuel (before additive addition).

  Preferred embodiments include those derived from polyalphaolefins (PAO), calcium sources, and preferably a plurality of vegetable oil components (liquid vegetable oils, carboxy esters) such as bean oil, seed oil or root oils. These preferred components are described below.

  The calcium source is preferably liquid and may be a calcium sulfonate, such as an overbased calcium sulfonate, although other calcium-containing molecules could be used. Many of the calcium sulfonates and overbased calcium sulfonates are known (see, eg, US Pat. No. 5,505,867, related art) and are commercially available, for example, from Crompton Corporation / Great Lakes Corporation (Chemtura). A particularly preferred calcium source is C-400® or C-400-C® overbased sulfonate from Crompton Corporation / Great Lakes Corporation (Chemtura). C-400 (R) or C-400-C (R) is known to be an excellent calcium source in the liquid state that does not exhibit calcium particle size problems by embedding a fuel filter.

  Preferred vegetable oil (liquid vegetable oils, carboxyl esters) combinations are bean oil, seed oil and root oil or derivatives thereof, most preferred are castor oil, jojoba oil, and the following groups: soybean oil or esters ( One selected from ethyl, methyl or other esters, most preferably soy methyl ester), canola (rapeseed) oil or ester (preferably rapeseed methyl, ethyl or other ester), palm oil, coconut oil and sunflower oil That is the oil. The oil selected from the above group can be selected to obtain the desired flow characteristics for the additive and / or to obtain the desired lubrication, combustion, exhaust and pour point effects. In the present invention, soy methyl ester is preferred, but one or more other oils can be substituted for or added with soy methyl ester, preferably the groups listed above (soy oil / ester, Total oil from canola (rapeseed oil / ester, palm oil, coconut oil and sunflower oil) is present in an amount of about 5-45 LV% of the additive. For example, an alternative embodiment of the preferred soy methyl ester considered by the inventor is canola oil or a mixture of soy methyl ester and canola oil.

  The inventor prefers polyalphaolefins, castor oil, jojoba oil, soy methyl ester and calcium sulfonate, although other components may be used in the crystalline or amorphous state. As noted above, other calcium sources can be used. Another bean oil, seed oil or root oil can be used, at least one of the selected oils is similar to castor oil, and one of the selected oils is similar to jojoba oil. The inventor also believes that ethyl esters can be used in addition to or instead of methyl esters.

Additives are considered effective even in a wide range of formulations. For example, the range is as follows.
Group 1: Calcium component including overbased calcium sulfonate, eg 10-60 LV% calcium sulfonate,
Group 2: Polyalphaolefin 0.1-50LV%,
Group 3: castor oil or castor oil derivatives, such as castor oil and / or sulfated castor oil 0.1-40 LV%,
Group 4: Jojoba oil or similar wax oil / ester 0.1-30 LV%, and Group 5: soybean oil / ester, canola oil / ester, coconut oil and / or sunflower oil 5-45 LV% (exception Is, for example, the case where pour point depressant is contained or not and the other four component groups are combined and added to the biodiesel fuel, and there is no proportion of group 5 in the “additive” (0.0 LV%) may be present in a very high proportion, for example 80 LV% or more, in the final composition of biodiesel + additive.)
When the ingredients from these five groups are mixed together to make 100 liquid volume percent of the additive, this is referred to as a “five-group additive” composition. In view of the above formulation ranges, the preferred additives are 10-60 LV% for Group 1, 0.1-50 LV% for Group 2, and 5.2-89.9 LV of vegetable oil or a mixture of vegetable oils from Groups 3-5. %You can say that. In some embodiments, Group 5 is not included in the additive, and preferred additives include vegetable oils or vegetable oils from Group 1 to 10-60 LV%, Group 2 from 0.2 to 50 LV%, and Groups 3-4. It can be said that it is 0.2-89.9LV%. In most embodiments, the ranges are 25 to 45 LV% for Group 1 components, 15 to 40 LV% for Group 2 claims, 10 to 20 LV% for Group 3 components, 1 to 5 LV% for Group 4 components and 5 for Group 5 components. It is believed to be ~ 45LV%.

  The mixing process adds Group 4 to Group 1 ingredients, stirs these two ingredients / groups very well, and then adds any other group of ingredients. After mixing the first two groups, add Group 2 and 3 ingredients, and finally Group 5 ingredients. In order to keep all the components of the additive in solution or suspension and to keep the additive in the proper solution or suspension containing the oil, fuel or lubricant to which the additive is added, It is considered extremely important to thoroughly mix before adding another optional ingredient. During the mixing process, if the components may be in a predetermined temperature range, it is preferred to mix at a temperature from about room temperature to about 100-140 ° F.

  Preferred Group 5 additives of calcium sulfonate, PAO, castor oil, jojoba oil and soy methyl ester and / or canola oil are mixed with another "group" or "class" ingredient, thereby "mixed additive" Can be formed. The mixed additive can include, for example, 80 to 99.99 LV% of 5 groups of combinations and 20 to 0.01 LV% of “additional ingredients”. Thus, this “additional component” may range from a large percentage of the product (eg, about 20 LV%) to a very small percentage of the product (eg, 0.01 LV%). Examples of ingredients that can be added to “Group 5 additives” to form “mixed additives” include, but are not limited to, pour point depressants, wintergreen oils, dyes, oils, various esters, And / or various conventional additive packages for fuels or lubricants are included. Further, the Group 5 additive or mixed additive can be added / mixed to another material, preferably a lubricating oil or fuel that may already contain another “additive”.

  Effective concentrations of Group 5 additives or mixed additives in conventional lubricating oils are, for example, 0.002 to 20.0 LV% (typically 0.03 to 20 LV) for Group 5 additives or mixed additives. %), Lubricating oil 99.998-80 LV% (typically 99.97-80 LV%). The effective concentration of Group 5 additive or mixed additive in conventional internal combustion engine fuels is, for example, 0.002 to 5.0 LV% (typically 0.03 to 5% additive or mixed additive). 5LV%), fuel 99.998-95LV% (typically 99.97-95LV%).

  The inventor believes that many, if not all, polyolefin components are effective as "Group 2" in the preferred additives. Specific examples of polyolefin components that were effective in the tests and examples described below include SYNTON® PAO, available from Crompton Corporation / Great Lakes Corporation (Chemtura) (eg, SYNTON-40 ( (Registered trademark) and SYNTON-80 (registered trademark)), and DURASYN (registered trademark) PAO available from BP Amoco.

  The use of a wide range of concentrations of Group 5 additives or mixed additives in lubricating oils, fuels, cutting oils, treated oils is contemplated, and more importantly other conventional or non-conventional additive components Whether or not is present, components from Group 5 are present in the lubricating oil or fuel.

Example A
Additive:
C-400 calcium sulfonate 40LV%
Polyalphaolefin 20LV%
Castor oil 20LV%
Jojoba oil 2LV%
Canola oil 18LV%
Together, the additive is 100 LV%.

  This formulation was mixed by the method described above, added to diesel and gasoline fuel, and operated in various engines as shown in the table below.

  Tests 1-9 were conducted under no-load conditions using diesel fuel + additive (at a concentration of 1 ounce additive in 12 gallons of conventional commercial diesel fuel) and compared to the same engine operated with diesel fuel only did. Also, the same engine running on gasoline only, running tests 10 and 11 using gasoline fuel + additive (at a concentration of 1 ounce additive in 18 gallons of conventional commercial 87 octane gasoline) at no load conditions Compared with. All exhaust results were obtained using an analyzer attached to the exhaust pipe of the vehicle, such as a Ferret®, Sun® or ECOM® analyzer.

For the results of this test, the performance from diesel alone or gasoline alone to the performance of “diesel + additive” or “gasoline + additive” is shown below in percent change in exhaust.
Tests 1, 3-9 (no data for test number 2): When added, O ₂ increases on average by 3%, while NO _x decreases on average by about 18%, carbon monoxide Decreased by about 27% on average, and carbon dioxide decreased by about 8% on average. When the additive was included, NO ₂ was reduced by about 19% on average, and NO was also reduced by about 17% on average. That is, a surprising and significant improvement in each of these emissions was seen with diesel + additive operation.
Tests 10 and 11: When additives were included, hydrocarbon emissions (ppm) were reduced by a large percentage, ie, about 100% and 67%, with an average reduction of 83.5%. That is, a surprising and significant improvement in emissions was seen with gasoline + additive operation.

Example B
Additive:
C-400-C calcium sulfonate (Crompton Corporation / Great Lakes Corporation (Chemtura)) 30LV%
Polyalphaolefin 30LV%
Castor oil 20LV%
Jojoba oil 2LV%
Canola oil 18LV%
Together, the additive is 100 LV%.

  The test was conducted with Cummins B series turbo diesel. Starting with conventional # 2 diesel (test number 1), followed by this diesel and additive mixture (test number 2), diesel and 2% biodiesel additive and 1 ounce additive per 10 gallons Mixture (test number 3), a mixture of diesel with 5% biodiesel additive and 1 ounce additive per 10 gallons (test number 4), and 1 ounce additive per 10 gallons of fuel for test number 4 fuel (Test No. 5) was further tested.

The tests were performed at various engine rpms with no load and at various road speeds ("on load"). Exhaust is reported as shown in the table below and is expressed as a percentage change from the basic test, test number 1. This data shows that there was a substantial and surprising improvement with respect to NO _x by the addition of additive in combination with additive and biodiesel. For example, NO _x is about 7-14% by 2500 rpm, about 8-31% by 30 mph, about 3-21% by 50 mph, was reduced by about 4% to 8% by 70Mph.

Example C
Additive:
C-400-C calcium sulfonate (Crompton Corporation / Great Lakes Corporation (Chemtura)) 30LV%
Polyalphaolefin 30LV%
Castor oil 20LV%
Jojoba oil 2LV%
Canola oil 18LV%
Together, the additive is 100 LV%.

In this test, a gasoline vehicle was tested at a load of 75 mph. The vehicle was a 2001 Pontiac Bonneville with a 3800 engine (no turbocharger). Test No. 1 is 75 mph, conducted using conventional commercial 87 octane gasoline, and Test No. 2 is 75 mph using the same gasoline plus one ounce additive per 10 gallons of gasoline. I went there. The results of this test showed substantial surprising results for CO exhaust and NO _x exhaust. As shown in the following table, CO reduces at a rate of more than 15%, NO _x were also reduced at a rate greater than 50%.

^{*** In the} above table, specific basic data (baseline) and experimental data were not collected formally, but there was a substantial increase in HC and NO _x during rapid acceleration and immediately after rapid acceleration. It was observed that there was a reduction.

In addition to improved exhaust, improvements in smoke and odor emissions (reduction) and improvements in engine efficiency with respect to miles per gallon (fuel consumption) were also observed. The use of additives resulted in an improvement of about 25% in miles per gallon in many of the above load tests. In addition to reducing NO _x and improving efficiency, the use of these additives and similar formulations will also reduce volatile organic compounds (VOC).

The inventor believes that the preferred combination of components provides a good synergistic effect with respect to emissions, smoke, odor and engine efficiency. Additionally, PAO and soy methyl ester and / or canola oil, flue gas, is important with respect to effects on NO _x and VOC, a synergistic effect when the PAO and soy ester and / or canola oil in combination with another component It appears that the performance of the additive of the present invention is greatly improved.

  The inventor also considers formulations such as additives within the broad scope of the invention to be extremely advantageous in a variety of applications. By using the additive of the present invention, emission reduction is achieved and engine efficiency is increased, ie, miles per gallon are increased. The inventor believes that automobiles, buses, trucks, airplanes, trains, heavy machinery, generators, etc. also benefit from the additive of the present invention. Another example of the benefits provided by aspects of the present invention is shown in Example D below. In Example D, the performance of the lawn mower was tested with and without the additive according to one aspect of the present invention.

Example D
Tested using 2005 Chevrolet Impala. The Federal Highway Fuel Efficiency Test protocol was used. Two tests (base data 1 and base data 2) were performed and exhaust samples were taken using mid-grade gasoline with no additive. The test was then repeated. Using the same fuel, in Experiments 1 and 2, the additive embodiment of the present invention was used to treat the fuel at a treatment ratio of 1 fluid ounce of additive per gallon of gasoline, and in Experiments 3 and 4, gasoline 15 The same additive was used at a treatment ratio of 1 ounce per gallon. The data demonstrates that NO _x is reduced by utilizing one aspect of the present invention. This data is implied tradeoff (redeemed) also between the NO _x emissions and CO emissions in experiments 1 and 2, but significantly greater reduction of the NO _x is achieved, the increase in CO is accompanied. In Experiment 3 and 4, good NO _x reduction is shown, the increase in CO is acceptable.

  The additive composition was 40% calcium sulfonate, 2% jojoba oil, 20% castor oil, 20% PAO, and 18% soy methyl ester.

  Measurements were made on hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide.

Example E
Additive ambient temperature in lawn mower: 50 °
Lawn Mower: Stanley Ride Lawn Mower Procedure and Measurements with Briggs & Stratton 21HP 2-cycle Engine:
The engine was heated and operated until all the fuel in the tank was combusted and stopped.
Subsequently, 3 pints of fuel of condition A (see below) were put into the lawn mower, the engine was started, and a mowing board (mower deck, housing portion housing the cutting blade) was immediately mounted. The RPM was held at 4400. The RPM was examined using a “Snap On” tachometer. The engine was run until all three pints of fuel were burned and stopped. A clock was set and the operation time under these conditions was measured.
Subsequently, 3 pints of fuel of condition B (see below) were put into the lawn mower, the engine was started, and the mowing board was immediately attached. The RPM was held at 4400. The RPM was examined using the “Snap On” tachometer as described above. The engine was run until all three pints of fuel were combusted and stopped. As in the case of condition A ”, a clock was set, and the operating time under this condition was measured.

Condition A fuel: 20 gallons of octane 87 gasoline plus 1 ounce of the following additive according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Calcium sulfonate 30LV%
Polyalphaolefin 30LV%
Castor oil 10LV%
Jojoba oil 1LV%
Soybean methyl ester 29LV%
Combined with 100 LV% additive.
In condition B, octane 87 gasoline was used at 100% (no aspect of the additive of the present invention was used).

  Condition A fuel had an operation time of 2910 seconds and Condition B fuel had an operation time of 2715 seconds. 2910 seconds / 2715 seconds = 1.0712, that is, an improvement in performance of about 7% was observed.

Example F
Metal conditioning properties Composition of additives according to one embodiment of the invention:
Calcium sulfonate 40LV%
PAO 20LV%
Castor oil 20LV%
Jojoba oil 1LV%
Soybean methyl ester 19LV%
In total, an additive of 100 LV% was obtained.

The initial velocity of a 180 grain 30-06 bullet when fired from a rifle was tested by measurement with a stopwatch.
Condition A: The actual package (cartridge) (as described above) was manually loaded, fired, and the speed was measured.
Condition B: According to Condition A, but the actual package was first placed in the additive and the additive "immersed" in the package was heated to 200 ° F. After holding at 200 ° F. for several minutes, the package was removed, wiped clean, cooled, manually loaded and fired.

Results Condition A: 2768 ft / s Condition B: 2916 ft / s 2916/2768 = 1.0535—An initial speed increase of about 5.4% was obtained.

Example G
Mini-Masonry Chainsaw Additive composition according to one embodiment of the invention:
Calcium sulfonate 40LV%
PAO 20LV%
Castor oil 20%
Jojoba oil 1LV%
Soybean methyl ester 19LV%
In total, an additive of 100 LV% was obtained.

Method:
A prototype of Mason Lee Chainsaw was used. The temperature was measured at the highest temperature part of the saw (tip). Observations were also made regarding the cutting speed.
Condition A: Using this saw, the mortar between the bricks of the existing wall was removed. Water was used as a coolant.
Condition B: Similar to Condition A, a mortar between bricks of the existing wall was removed using a saw. Water treated with PB10 water-soluble sulfur chloride cutting oil was used as a coolant. The treatment rate (addition rate) is 1 ounce per gallon of water.
Condition C: Similar to Conditions A and B, a saw was used to remove the mortar between the bricks of the existing wall. Water treated with Condition B water-soluble cutting oil and the above additives was used as a coolant. The treatment ratio (addition ratio) is the addition of additive 1oz to PB10 4oz. Also, 1 ounce of additive + PB10 mixture was added per gallon of water.

result:
Condition A: Tip temperature = 161 ° F.
Condition B: Tip temperature = 130 ° F.
Condition C: Tip temperature = 91 ° F.
Conclusion of Example G:
By using water-soluble oil as the coolant (Condition B), there was an average temperature drop of 31 ° F. compared to Condition A. By using the additive + water-soluble oil (Condition C), a temperature drop of 70 ° F. than Condition A and a temperature drop of 39 ° F. than Condition B were obtained.

  Other advantages include the following. Under conditions A and B (that is, no additive), the cutting waste was caught (collised) between the chain and the bar. Also, when the additive was added, the operator reported that there was a significant increase in power (output) and RPM, and the cutting speed was almost doubled.

Examples-Cooling Properties Not all of the preferred 5 groups / components may be required for formulation. For example, when an additive is formulated for addition to one of the five preferred groups described above, such as soy methyl ester (“biodiesel”), the component may or may not be in the additive. May be. For example, PAO, calcium sulfonate, castor oil, jojoba oil and soy methyl ester are added to biodiesel (preferably soy methyl ester containing pour point depressants and / or other additives) or subsequently to biodiesel It can be added to the pour point depressant or another additive package (mixture). Also, a preferred group without soy methyl ester (eg PAO, calcium sulfonate, castor oil, jojoba oil) is mixed and added to biodiesel or to another additive package for pour point depressant or biodiesel. Additives that can be used can also be blended. Thus, if an additive is intended to be added to one of a large number of preferred groups, the component need not necessarily be included in the initial additive formulation. Note that this also applies to “biological diesel” other than soy methyl ester biodiesel, for example canola-based diesel.

  The inventor has found that additives consisting of PAO, calcium sulfonate, castor oil and jojoba oil are particularly advantageous as accelerators for pour point depression in biodiesel. This is particularly important in view of the fact that conventional pour point depressants are generally unable to lower the pour point to an acceptable level. By adding the additive described in the following test to biodiesel in combination with a conventional pour point depressant, a pour point of less than −20 ° F. was obtained. This beneficial effect was observed when the additive of the present invention was added to the pour point depressant (and when the mixture was added to biodiesel), but at the time of filing this application, the inventor This beneficial effect has not been observed when the additive of the present invention is added directly to biodiesel (apart from the pour point depressant).

  This improvement in pour point is particularly important in regions where biodiesel is required by regulations to add to conventional diesel or other fuels. The pour point of biodiesel during storage, handling and mixing with conventional diesel or other fuels has been a problem. Thus, embodiments of the present invention greatly assist in the storage, handling and mixing of biodiesel and the resulting mixtures, thereby achieving the desirable benefits of biodiesel in the environment and agricultural economy.

  Preferred ranges of pour point depressant promoter components are 10-60 LV% for Group 1, 0.1-50 LV% for Group 2, and 5.2-89.9 LV% for vegetable oils or mixtures of vegetable oils from Groups 3-5. It is. In most embodiments, the range is 25 to 45 LV% for Group 1 components, 15 to 40 LV% for Group 2 components, 10 to 20 LV% for Group 3 components, 1 to 5 LV% for Group 4 components, and 5 for Group 5 components. 5 to 45 LV% is desirable. Group 5 may be excluded from the additive formulation, for example if the additive is later added to soy methyl ester biodiesel (Group 5 is the additive in later additions to Group 5 based diesel) See the preceding statement regarding exclusion from To promote pour point depression, the pour point depressant is added to the other 4-5 groups (groups 1-4) at an additive amount of about 1-10 LV% prior to addition to bulk biodiesel. Or added to groups 1-5).

  As described above for other applications, the mixing process adds Group 4 to Group 1 ingredients, stirs these two ingredients / groups very well, and then adds any other groups. After mixing the first two groups, Group 2 and Group 3, and (optionally) Group 5 components may be added, and the pour point depressant added. Proper mixing of the components may require high shear, long (eg, 4 hours or more) mixing and / or heating (100-140 ° F.).

  Groups 1-4, optionally Group 5, and preferably vegetable oil-based pour point depressants (Rho-Max 10-310, currently available from RHOMAX, Montreal, reported to be a rapeseed oil derivative considered suitable by the inventor. Have been found to be more effective in lowering the pour point of biodiesel than when containing only the pour point depressant. The additive is about 1 fluid ounce per 10 gallons to 1 fluid ounce per 2 gallons (0.08 to 0.4 LV%) in biodiesel (soybean methyl ester biodiesel or other biodiesel or mixtures thereof) ) Is desirable.

Example H
Low temperature properties The “bulk” fuel in this example is bulk soy methyl ester, referred to as “biodiesel” and “B-100” (in the sense of 100% soy methyl ester). Here, the following two samples were used.
Sample A: B-100
Sample B: An embodiment of the additive of the present invention and a conventional pour point depressant (Rho-Max 10-310) added to B-100, and the embodiment of the additive of the present invention is as follows:
Calcium sulfonate 44.4%
Castor oil 16.7%
Polyalphaolefin (PAO) 37.8%
Jojoba oil 1.1%
The total is 100 LV%.

Mixing the pour point depressant with the above additives, the result is
Calcium sulfonate 40%
Castor oil 15%
Polyalphaolefin (PAO) 34%
Pour point depressant (RHO-MAX10-310) 10%
Jojoba oil 1.1%
The total was 100 LV%.
The above mixture of additive + pour point depressant was then added to B-100 at a rate of 1 ounce per 5 gallons of B-100 and heated at 104 degrees Fahrenheit for 5 hours.

  Method: Samples A and B were each placed in the same container and the temperature was lowered. Viscosity and fluidity were confirmed visually.

Results: Similar viscosities were observed in both Samples A and B, and both samples flowed at similar rates at 80-30 ° F.
Sample A became cloudy at about 25 ° F. and became solid at 20 ° F.
Sample B was cloudy at −10 ° F., but was fully flowing up to −20 ° F. (flowing as if Sample A was at 70 ° F.). The fluidity of Sample B was maintained at this level for 2 weeks without noticeable change. Samples were then diluted with 50% soy methyl ester (in this case more than 50 LV% B-100 was added) and individual results were recorded. Thus, the inventor believes that this additive is extremely effective in a wide range of concentrations as a pour point depressant promoter.

Example I
Low temperature properties The inventor mixed the embodiment of the additive of the present invention with a conventional pour point depressant and added “B-20” (80 LV% of conventional diesel fuel to 20 LV% of biodiesel (soybean methyl ester). It was found that soy methyl ester does not separate from conventional diesel fuel even at -20 ° F. when added to (a common term for bulk fuel). This surprising result is believed to be brought about because the additive of the present invention becomes an ester-hydrocarbon binder. This benefit is obtained even at very low temperatures, for example -40 degrees F., in which case the additive can act as an anti-gelation / separation agent for diesel fuel.

Example J
Relationship between additive concentration and low temperature properties in biodiesel Several additives were mixed in the ranges shown below and tested in biodiesel.
C-400-C 40%
PAO 20-30%
Castor oil 10-15%
Sulfated castor oil ("75% sulphated") 5%
Jojoba oil or similar wax oil / ester 2%
SME 16-20%
RHO-MAX--310 2-3%
On average, by adding 1 fluid ounce of additive to 10 gallons of B-100 biodiesel, the result was that the treated (processed) biodiesel was in the liquid state at 20-25 degrees F. .
On average, adding 1 fluid ounce of additive to 5 gallons of B-100 biodiesel resulted in the treated biodiesel being liquid at 10 degrees Fahrenheit.
On average, the addition of 1 fluid ounce of additive to 2 gallons of B-100 biodiesel resulted in the treated biodiesel being liquid at -20 degrees F.

Examples of subject preparation Additives may be prepared to suit a particular application of interest.
1. For example, an excellent preparation for improving miles per gallon of gasoline or diesel (in this case, NO _x reduction is not taken into account) could be:
C-400-C 40%
PAO optional castor oil 20%
Sulfated castor oil ("75% sulphated") 5%
Jojoba oil or similar wax oil / ester 2%
SME 3%
(All values are LV% of the total additive added to the fuel)
2. In the case of fully considering the flue gas and NO _x visible in order to increase the number of miles per gallon, would be particularly effective preparations may be of the following.
C-400-C 30%
PAO 30%
Castor oil 10%
Sulfated castor oil 5%
Jojoba oil or similar waxy oil / ester 2%
SME 23%
(All values are LV% of the total additive added to the fuel)
3. Particularly effective preparations where pour point depression is of primary importance may be:
C-400-C 40%
PAO 20%
Castor oil 15%
Sulfated castor oil 5%
Jojoba oil or similar waxy oil / ester 2%
SME 16%
Conventional pour point depressants (for example, RHO-MAX series depressants described above) 2%
(All values are LV% with respect to the total amount of additive added to biodiesel or fuel containing biodiesel)
4). Particularly effective preparations for metal modified fluids or cutting fluids could be:
C-400-C 40%
PAO 20%
Castor oil 15%
Sulfated castor oil 5%
Jojoba oil or similar waxy oil / ester 2%
SME 18%
(All values are LV% based on total additive, which additive is for addition to a metal lubricating fluid for metal cutting / manufacturing or lubricating oil for cutting fluid).

  In some embodiments, the additive composition of the present invention for power plant fuels, metal lubrication or cutting fluids comprises a polyolefin (PAO), a calcium source, and at least one vegetable oil or mixture of vegetable oils. The PAO component is present in an amount of 0.1 to 50 LV%, the calcium source is 10 to 60 LV%, and the at least one vegetable oil or a mixture of a plurality of vegetable oils is present in 0.2 to 89.9 LV%, respectively, in proportion to the additive. It can be explained that.

In some embodiments, the additive composition of the present invention for power plant fuels, metal lubricants or cutting fluids comprises:
10-60 LV% overbased calcium sulfonate,
Polyalphaolefin 0.1-50LV%,
Castor oil selected from the group comprising castor oil and sulfated castor oil 0.1-40 LV%
Jojoba oil 0.1-30 LV% and vegetable oil selected from the group comprising soybean oil / ester, canola oil / ester, palm oil, coconut oil and sunflower oil 5-45 LV%
Including
The overbased calcium sulfonate, polyalphaolefin, castor oil derivative oil, jojoba oil and vegetable oil can be mixed together to explain the additive as 100 LV%.

  In some embodiments, the additive composition of the present invention for power plant fuels, metal lubricants or cutting fluids comprises a polyolefin (PAO), a calcium source, and at least one vegetable oil or mixture of vegetable oils. Each containing a additive, wherein the PAO component is 15-40 LV%, the calcium source is 25-45 LV%, and the at least one vegetable oil or mixture of vegetable oils is 15-60 LV%. Exist and this additive can be described as being mixed with the power plant fuel in a proportion of 0.002-5.0 LV% additive and 99.998-95 LV% fuel.

  In some aspects, the pour point depressant composition for a biodiesel fuel of the present invention comprises a polyolefin (PAO) component, a calcium source, at least one vegetable oil or mixture of vegetable oils, and a diesel pour point depressant. 15 to 40 LV% for the PAO component, 25 to 45 LV% for the calcium source, and 15 to 60 LV% for the mixture of the at least one vegetable oil or a plurality of vegetable oils. The pour point depressant is present in the additive as a liquid volume part from the ratio of 99 parts of the additive and 1 part of the pour point depressant, 90 parts of the additive and 10 parts of the pour point depressant. This can be explained as mixing in the range of the ratio of

  An aspect of the method of the present invention is a method of lowering the pour point in biodiesel, the method comprising incorporating an additive into the biodiesel and including the descent promoting composition of claim 25, comprising: 100 LV% of the additive can be described as a process comprising 15-40 LV% polyalphaolefin, 25-45 LV% overbased calcium sulfonate, and 15-60 LV% of at least one vegetable oil or mixture of vegetable oils. .

  Although the invention has been described with reference to specific means, materials and embodiments, the invention is not limited to the specific means, materials and embodiments of these disclosures, but is limited to the appended claims. It should be understood that all equivalents of the description are to be broadly construed as intended within the broad scope.

Claims (30)

A pour point depressing promoting composition for biodiesel fuel, comprising an additive,
The additive is
Polyalphaolefin (PAO) component,
Calcium sources,
At least one vegetable oil or mixture of vegetable oils, and a diesel pour point depressant,
For each of the additives, the PAO component is present at 15-40 LV%, the calcium source is present at 25-45 LV%, the at least one vegetable oil or mixture of vegetable oils is present at 15-60 LV%,
In the range of 99 parts of the additive and 1 part of the pour point depressant to 90 parts of the additive and 10 parts of the pour point depressant as parts measured by the liquid volume of the pour point depressant. A pour point depressing composition that is mixed.   The pour point depressing promoting composition according to claim 1, wherein the pour point depressant comprises rapeseed oil or a rapeseed oil derivative.   The pour point depressant promoting composition according to claim 1, wherein the pour point depressant is a rapeseed-based pour point depressant. A method of lowering the pour point in biodiesel,
26. A method comprising mixing an additive into the biodiesel and including the descent promoter composition of claim 25, comprising:
The method wherein 100 LV% of the additive comprises 15-40 LV% polyalphaolefin, 25-45 LV% overbased calcium sulfonate, and 15-60 LV% of at least one vegetable oil or mixture of vegetable oils.   Before mixing the additive into the biodiesel, add the rapeseed pour point depressant from the additive 99 parts and the pour point depressant 1 part as part of the additive measured in liquid volume. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising adding at a concentration in the range of 90 parts of the agent and 10 parts of the pour point depressant.   A combination of the additive and rapeseed pour point depressant is mixed into the biodiesel at a concentration of 1 fluid ounce of the combination of the additive and pour point depressant with 2 gallons of biodiesel, 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the biodiesel treated with the additive and pour point depressant combined maintains a liquid state at -20 <0> F.   A combination of the additive and the rapeseed pour point depressant is mixed into the biodiesel at a concentration of 1 fluid ounce of the combination of the additive and pour point depressant with respect to 5 gallons of biodiesel, 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the biodiesel treated with the additive and pour point depressant combined maintains a liquid state at 10 <0> F. An additive composition for power plant fuels, metal lubricants or cutting fluids, the additive comprising:
Polyalphaolefin (PAO) component,
A source of calcium, and at least one vegetable oil or mixture of vegetable oils,
For each of the additives, the PAO component is 0.1-50 LV%, the calcium source is 10-60 LV%, and the at least one vegetable oil or mixture of vegetable oils is 0.2-89.9 LV%. An additive composition present.   The additive according to claim 8, wherein the calcium source is calcium sulfonate.   The additive according to claim 8, wherein the calcium source is an overbased calcium sulfonate.   The additive according to claim 8, wherein the vegetable oil is selected from the group comprising castor oil, jojoba oil, rapeseed (canola) oil, palm oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil and mixtures thereof.   The additive according to claim 8, wherein the vegetable oil comprises castor oil.   The additive according to claim 8, wherein the vegetable oil comprises jojoba oil.   The additive according to claim 8, wherein the vegetable oil comprises soybean methyl ester.   The additive according to claim 8, wherein the vegetable oil comprises soybean ethyl ester.   The additive according to claim 8, wherein the vegetable oil is canola oil.   The additive according to claim 8, wherein the vegetable oil is a methyl ester or an ethyl ester. An additive composition for power plant fuels, metal lubricants or cutting fluids, the additive comprising:
10-60 LV% overbased calcium sulfonate,
Polyalphaolefin 0.1-50LV%,
Castor oil derivatives selected from the group comprising castor oil and sulfated castor oil, 0.1 to 40 LV%,
Jojoba oil 0.1-30 LV% and vegetable oil 5-45 LV% selected from the group comprising soybean oil / ester, canola oil / ester, palm oil, coconut oil and sunflower oil
Including
An additive composition wherein the overbased calcium sulfonate, polyalphaolefin, castor oil derivative, jojoba oil and vegetable oil are mixed together to make the additive 100 LV%.   The overbased calcium sulfonate is 25 to 45 LV%, the polyalphaolefin is 15 to 40 LV%, the castor oil derivative is 10 to 20 LV%, and the jojoba oil is 1 to 5 LV%. The additive according to claim 8, wherein the vegetable oil is 5 to 45 LV%. An additive composition for power plant fuels, metal lubricants or cutting fluids, comprising additives,
The additive is
Polyalphaolefin (PAO) component,
A source of calcium, and at least one vegetable oil or mixture of vegetable oils,
For each of the additives, the PAO component is present at 15-40 LV%, the calcium source is present at 25-45 LV%, the at least one vegetable oil or mixture of vegetable oils is present at 15-60 LV%,
The additive composition, wherein the additive is mixed with the power unit fuel in a ratio of 0.002 to 5.0 LV% of the additive and 99.998 to 95 LV% of the fuel.   21. The composition of claim 20, wherein the power plant fuel is gasoline.   21. The composition of claim 20, wherein the power plant fuel is petroleum diesel.   21. The composition of claim 20, wherein the power plant fuel comprises soy methyl ester or soy ethyl ester biodiesel.   21. The composition of claim 20, wherein the calcium source is calcium sulfonate.   21. The plant oil of claim 20, wherein the vegetable oil is selected from the group comprising castor oil, sulfated castor oil, jojoba oil, rapeseed (canola) oil, palm oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil and mixtures thereof. Composition.   21. The composition of claim 20, wherein the vegetable oil comprises castor oil.   21. The composition of claim 20, wherein the vegetable oil comprises jojoba oil.   21. The composition of claim 20, wherein the vegetable oil comprises soy methyl ester.   The additive according to claim 20, wherein the vegetable oil comprises soybean ethyl ester.   The additive according to claim 20, wherein the vegetable oil is a methyl ester or an ethyl ester.