CN115960669B - Preparation method of industrial lubricating oil - Google Patents
Preparation method of industrial lubricating oil Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000007866 anti-wear additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007798 antifreeze agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 alkyl naphthalene Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 4
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-acid Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- SGHSRBYSXCNJLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-4,6-di(nonyl)phenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC(C)=C(O)C(CCCCCCCCC)=C1 SGHSRBYSXCNJLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 3
- GXURZKWLMYOCDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;dihydroxyphosphanyl dihydrogen phosphite Chemical compound OP(O)OP(O)O.OCC(CO)(CO)CO GXURZKWLMYOCDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VWGKEVWFBOUAND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-thiodiphenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1SC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VWGKEVWFBOUAND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BLXLSQIOCCHAHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2,3,4-tri(nonyl)phenyl] dihydrogen phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(OP(O)O)C(CCCCCCCCC)=C1CCCCCCCCC BLXLSQIOCCHAHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PCMORTLOPMLEFB-ONEGZZNKSA-N sinapic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC(\C=C\C(O)=O)=CC(OC)=C1O PCMORTLOPMLEFB-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005262 decarbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PCMORTLOPMLEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sinapinic acid Natural products COC1=CC(C=CC(O)=O)=CC(OC)=C1O PCMORTLOPMLEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of industrial lubricating oil, which relates to the technical field of lubricating oil and comprises the following steps of S01, preparing lubricating oil base oil: mixing modified rapeseed oil, modified castor oil and poly alpha olefin according to the proportion of 7-9:2-1:1 to obtain base oil, and weighing the base oil for standby; step S02, preparing an antiwear additive: melting and blending phosphate or borate and zinc oxide nano particles in a rheometer for 10min at the rotating speed of 600r/min and the temperature of 220 ℃, preheating on a vulcanizing machine for 5-10min after melting, and obtaining the antiwear additive nano particles after crushing, grinding and sieving; step S03, mixing: placing the base oil in a reaction kettle, and adding 1-2 parts of antiwear agent and antiwear additive nano particles; and step S04, continuously adding an antifreeze agent, an antioxidant and a pour point depressant into the reaction kettle, and finally stirring for 15min by utilizing ultrasonic waves, and cooling to 10-15 ℃ to obtain the industrial lubricating oil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lubricating oil, in particular to a preparation method of industrial lubricating oil.
Background
The use of lubricating oil in the mechanical parts is beneficial to reducing friction and wear in use, thereby improving the working efficiency of the machine. The global annual energy loss due to mechanical friction losses is about 23% of the total world energy consumption, while at the same time it is about 80% of the mechanical equipment malfunctions. The properties of lubricating oils are mainly dependent on the base oil, which accounts for more than 80% of the mass of the lubricating oil.
At present, most of base oil used in industrial lubricating oil is long-chain olefin prepared from petroleum resources, and the problems of environmental pollution exist in manufacturing, using and recycling. The alpha-olefin is used as a key byproduct in the coal chemical process, is widely applied to the preparation of basic oil such as poly alpha-olefin lubricating oil in industrial production, but the alpha-olefin in China is very short, so that the biomass-based lubricating base oil capable of replacing the basic oil of the alpha-olefin is provided.
The biomass-based lubricating oil base oil is green new lubricating oil base oil developed by taking renewable biomass as a raw material, is a biodegradable high polymer material, can realize zero emission of CO2, and mainly comprises hydrocarbon, ester and ether lubricating oil base oil and the like. The biomass-based lubricating oil base oil can meet the high performance requirement of lubricating oil through carbon chain recombination of different lengths, accurate regulation and control of chemical synthesis paths and accurate analysis of base oil components.
Disclosure of Invention
(one) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of industrial lubricating oil, which solves the problems of shortage of materials and environmental protection of the existing preparation method of industrial lubricating oil.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for preparing industrial lubricating oil, comprising the following steps:
step S01, preparing lubricating oil base oil: mixing modified rapeseed oil, modified castor oil and poly-alpha-olefin according to the proportion of 7-9:2-1:1 to obtain base oil, weighing 80-90 parts of base oil for standby, wherein the modified rapeseed oil is obtained by recombining a natural long carbon chain structure in the rapeseed oil and hydrodeoxygenation, and a catalyst NiMoTe/alpha-Al 2O3 is used in preparing the modified rapeseed oil;
step S02, preparing an antiwear additive: drying phosphate or borate in a drying oven at 120 ℃ for 6 hours, drying zinc oxide nano-particles at 80 ℃ for 4 hours, transferring the dried raw materials into a rheometer, carrying out melt blending for 10 minutes at the rotating speed of 600r/min and the temperature of 220 ℃, preheating on a vulcanizing machine for 5-10 minutes after melting, and crushing, grinding and sieving to obtain phosphate antiwear additive and borate antiwear additive nano-particles;
step S03, mixing: placing base oil in a reaction kettle, adding 1-2 parts of antiwear agent and antiwear additive nano particles, heating to 95-105 ℃, and stirring for 20min to obtain a lubricating oil primary mixture;
and step S04, continuously adding 3-5 parts of antifreeze, 0.5-2 parts of antioxidant and 2-5 parts of pour point depressant into the reaction kettle, and finally stirring for 15min by utilizing ultrasonic waves, and cooling to 10-15 ℃ to obtain the industrial lubricating oil.
Further, in step S02, the phosphate is any one of tributyl phosphate and triphenyl phosphate.
Further, the phosphate antiwear additive is suitable for lubrication of nonferrous metal machines, and the borate antiwear additive is suitable for lubrication of ferrous metal machines.
Further, the particle size of the zinc oxide nano particles is 85-95 nm, and the particle sizes of the phosphate antiwear additive and the borate antiwear additive are 120-160 nm.
Further, the preparation method of the modified castor oil comprises the following steps: taking 10 parts of ethanol, adding 2-3 parts of calcium oxide powder or sodium carbonate powder into the ethanol, fully mixing, adding 25-35 parts of castor oil, and stirring at 90 ℃ for reaction for 2 hours; adding 5-8 parts of triethanolamine, mixing, stirring at 170 ℃ for reaction for 1h, heating and refluxing for removing water, steaming to remove water in the solution, standing for 2-3h, separating an upper oil layer, and removing the upper oil layer to obtain a brown product, namely the modified castor oil.
Further, the lubricating base oil is prepared from modified rapeseed oil: modified castor oil: polyalphaolefin=9:1:1 ratio.
Further, the antifreeze agent is one or more of ethanol, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol; the pour point depressant is one or more of alkyl naphthalene and polymethacrylate.
Further, the antioxidants are phenolic antioxidants and phosphate antioxidants, the phenolic antioxidants are thiobisphenol and 2-methyl-4, 6-dinonyl phenol, and the phosphate antioxidants are trisnonylphenol phosphite and pentaerythritol diphosphite diisosunflower.
Further, the NiMoW/alpha-Al 2 O 3 The preparation method comprises the following steps: by gamma-Al 2 O 3 Drying the mixture to obtain gamma-Al 2 O 3 Soaking the catalyst in Ni, mo and Te metal component solution for 10 hr, drying the soaked carrier for 5 hr and roasting for 4 hr to obtain catalyst NiMoTe/alpha-Al 2 O 3 。
Further, the preparation of the modified rapeseed oil comprises the following steps:
step S11, adding NiMoTe/alpha-Al in a sectional and fixed way into a reactor with a condenser tube and a thermometer 2 O 3 The catalyst is vulcanized and activated for standby;
step S12, adding 200g of rapeseed oil and 5-8% of formic acid into a reactor, introducing hydrogen, keeping the temperature at 300-350 ℃, reacting at 5.0MPa, wherein the hydrogen-oil volume ratio is 800:1, the liquid hourly space velocity is 0.8-1.2/h, and reacting for 6-12 h;
s13, after the reaction is finished, pouring the reaction materials into a separating funnel, standing and separating liquid, and separating out a lower water phase; washing the upper oil phase with distilled water and sodium carbonate solution to neutrality;
and S14, performing reduced pressure distillation to obtain modified rapeseed oil, namely biomass-based lubricating oil base oil.
(III) beneficial effects
The invention provides a preparation method of industrial lubricating oil, which has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the preparation method of the industrial lubricating oil, the biomass-based lubricating oil base oil is prepared by modifying the rapeseed oil, the dosage of poly-alpha-olefin in the lubricating oil can be reduced, the rapeseed oil is subjected to deoxidization and decarbonization reaction to generate biodiesel and gas-phase products, the catalyst used in the modified rapeseed oil can improve the hydrodeoxygenation rate and yield of the rapeseed oil, and the modified rapeseed oil, a small amount of modified castor oil and poly-alpha-olefin are mixed together to obtain the lubricating oil base oil, so that the performance requirement of common lubricating oil on the base oil is met, and meanwhile, the lubricating oil has good biodegradability.
(2) According to the preparation method of the industrial lubricating oil, the bearing capacity and the wear resistance of the vegetable oil can be improved by the phosphate anti-wear additive and the borate anti-wear additive nano particles, the friction chemical reaction film containing the triglyceride and the additive is formed due to the fact that the phosphate vinegar is subjected to friction chemical change in a vegetable oil system, so that the wear resistance of the vegetable oil is improved, S, P, N elements, which have reinforcing activity, are beneficial to forming a layer of protective film with the surface of metal in the process of using the lubricating oil, and therefore the wear resistance and antifriction performance of the lubricating oil are improved; the modified castor oil lubricating additive brings excellent wear resistance and antifriction performance for lubricating oil, and the tribological mechanism is that long-chain additive molecules are firstly adsorbed on the surface of metal to carry out chemical reaction along with friction, so that a high-strength polymer film is generated.
Detailed Description
All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The main component of the rapeseed oil is triglyceride, the relative molecular weight is 945-960, the unsaturated bond is contained, the oxygen content is up to 12%, the fatty acid in the rapeseed oil comprises palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidic acid and sinapic acid, and in the hydrodeoxygenation reaction of the rapeseed oil, the triglyceride is firstly hydrogenated and saturated through the unsaturated bond to generate saturated fatty acid; the saturated fatty acid is deoxidized and decarbonized to produce biodiesel and gas-phase product.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a technical scheme that: a method for preparing industrial lubricating oil, comprising the following steps:
step S01, preparing lubricating oil base oil: mixing modified rapeseed oil, modified castor oil and poly-alpha-olefin according to the proportion of 7-9:2-1:1 to obtain base oil, weighing 80-90 parts of base oil for standby, wherein the modified rapeseed oil is obtained by recombining a natural long carbon chain structure in the rapeseed oil and hydrodeoxygenation, and a catalyst NiMoTe/alpha-Al 2O3 is used in preparing the modified rapeseed oil;
step S02, preparing an antiwear additive: drying phosphate or borate in a drying oven at 120 ℃ for 6 hours, drying zinc oxide nano-particles at 80 ℃ for 4 hours, transferring the dried raw materials into a rheometer, carrying out melt blending for 10 minutes at the rotating speed of 600r/min and the temperature of 220 ℃, preheating on a vulcanizing machine for 5-10 minutes after melting, and crushing, grinding and sieving to obtain phosphate antiwear additive and borate antiwear additive nano-particles;
step S03, mixing: placing base oil in a reaction kettle, adding 1-2 parts of antiwear agent and antiwear additive nano particles, heating to 95-105 ℃, and stirring for 20min to obtain a lubricating oil primary mixture;
and step S04, continuously adding 3-5 parts of antifreeze, 0.5-2 parts of antioxidant and 2-5 parts of pour point depressant into the reaction kettle, and finally stirring for 15min by utilizing ultrasonic waves, and cooling to 10-15 ℃ to obtain the industrial lubricating oil.
Preferably, in step S02, the phosphate is any one of tributyl phosphate and triphenyl phosphate.
Preferably, the phosphate antiwear additive is suitable for lubrication of nonferrous metal machines, and the borate antiwear additive is suitable for lubrication of ferrous metal machines.
Preferably, the particle size of the zinc oxide nano particles is 85-95 nm, and the particle sizes of the phosphate antiwear additive and the borate antiwear additive are 120-160 nm.
Preferably, the preparation method of the modified castor oil comprises the following steps: taking 10 parts of ethanol, adding 2-3 parts of calcium oxide powder or sodium carbonate powder into the ethanol, fully mixing, adding 25-35 parts of castor oil, and stirring at 90 ℃ for reaction for 2 hours; adding 5-8 parts of triethanolamine, mixing, stirring at 170 ℃ for reaction for 1h, heating and refluxing for removing water, steaming to remove water in the solution, standing for 2-3h, separating an upper oil layer, and removing the upper oil layer to obtain a brown product, namely the modified castor oil.
Preferably, the lubricating base oil is prepared from modified rapeseed oil: modified castor oil: polyalphaolefin=9:1:1 ratio.
Preferably, the antifreeze agent is one or more of ethanol, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol; the pour point depressant is one or more of alkyl naphthalene and polymethacrylate.
Preferably, the antioxidants are phenolic antioxidants and phosphate antioxidants, the phenolic antioxidants are thiobisphenol and 2-methyl-4, 6-dinonyl phenol, and the phosphate antioxidants are trisnonylphenol phosphite and pentaerythritol diphosphite diisosunflower.
Preferably, the NiMoW/alpha-Al 2 O 3 The preparation method comprises the following steps: by gamma-Al 2 O 3 Drying the mixture to obtain gamma-Al 2 O 3 Soaking the catalyst in Ni, mo and Te metal component solution for 10 hr, drying the soaked carrier for 5 hr and roasting for 4 hr to obtain catalyst NiMoTe/alpha-Al 2 O 3 。
Preferably, the preparation of the modified rapeseed oil comprises the following steps:
step S11, adding NiMoTe/alpha-Al in a sectional and fixed way into a reactor with a condenser tube and a thermometer 2 O 3 The catalyst is vulcanized and activated for standby;
step S12, adding 200g of rapeseed oil and 5-8% of formic acid into a reactor, introducing hydrogen, keeping the temperature at 300-350 ℃, reacting at 5.0MPa, wherein the hydrogen-oil volume ratio is 800:1, the liquid hourly space velocity is 0.8-1.2/h, and reacting for 6-12 h;
s13, after the reaction is finished, pouring the reaction materials into a separating funnel, standing and separating liquid, and separating out a lower water phase; washing the upper oil phase with distilled water and sodium carbonate solution to neutrality;
and S14, performing reduced pressure distillation to obtain modified rapeseed oil, namely biomass-based lubricating oil base oil.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention provides a technical scheme that: an industrial lubricating oil comprising 80 to 90 part of base oil, 1-2 parts of antiwear additive, 3-5 parts of antifreeze agent, 0.5-2 parts of antioxidant and 2-5 parts of pour point depressant, wherein modified rapeseed oil, modified castor oil and polyalphaolefin in the base oil are mixed according to the proportion of 7-9:2-1:1, and the antiwear additive is one or more of phosphate antiwear additive and borate antiwear additive. Use of a catalyst NiMoTe/alpha-Al in the preparation of modified rapeseed oil 2 O 3 。
The embodiment of the invention provides a technical scheme that: a method for preparing industrial lubricating oil, comprising the following steps: 80 parts of base oil, 1 part of borate antiwear agent, 3 parts of ethylene glycol antifreeze agent, 0.5 part of 2-methyl-4, 6-dinonyl phenol antioxidant and 2 parts of polymethacrylate pour point depressant are mixed to obtain industrial lubricating oil. The base oil is prepared by mixing modified rapeseed oil, modified castor oil and poly alpha olefin according to the proportion of 7:2:1.
Example 3
The embodiment of the invention provides a technical scheme that: a method for preparing industrial lubricating oil, comprising the following steps: 85 parts of base oil, 2 parts of borate antiwear agent, 4 parts of ethylene glycol antifreeze agent, 1 part of 2-methyl-4, 6-dinonyl phenol antioxidant and 3 parts of polymethacrylate pour point depressant are mixed to obtain industrial lubricating oil. The base oil is prepared by mixing modified rapeseed oil, modified castor oil and poly alpha olefin according to the proportion of 7:2:1.
Example 4
The embodiment of the invention provides a technical scheme that: a method for preparing industrial lubricating oil, comprising the following steps: 90 parts of base oil, 2 parts of borate antiwear agent, 4 parts of ethylene glycol antifreeze agent, 1 part of 2-methyl-4, 6-dinonyl phenol antioxidant and 3 parts of polymethacrylate pour point depressant are mixed to obtain industrial lubricating oil. The modified rapeseed oil, the modified castor oil and the poly alpha olefin in the base oil are mixed according to the proportion of 8:1:1.
Example 5
The embodiment of the invention provides a technical scheme that: a method for preparing industrial lubricating oil, comprising the following steps: 90 parts of base oil, 2 parts of borate antiwear agent, 4 parts of ethylene glycol antifreeze agent, 1 part of 2-methyl-4, 6-dinonyl phenol antioxidant and 3 parts of polymethacrylate pour point depressant are mixed to obtain industrial lubricating oil. The modified rapeseed oil, the modified castor oil and the poly alpha olefin in the base oil are mixed according to the proportion of 8:1:1.
Example 6
The embodiment of the invention provides a technical scheme that: a method for preparing industrial lubricating oil, comprising the following steps: 90 parts of base oil, 2 parts of borate antiwear agent, 4 parts of ethylene glycol antifreeze agent, 1 part of 2-methyl-4, 6-dinonyl phenol antioxidant and 3 parts of polymethacrylate pour point depressant are mixed to obtain industrial lubricating oil. The modified rapeseed oil, the modified castor oil and the polyalphaolefin in the base oil are mixed according to the proportion of 9:2:1.
Example 7
The embodiment of the invention provides a technical scheme that: a method for preparing industrial lubricating oil, comprising the following steps: 90 parts of base oil, 1 part of borate antiwear agent, 5 parts of ethylene glycol antifreeze agent, 1 part of 2-methyl-4, 6-dinonyl phenol antioxidant and 3 parts of polymethacrylate pour point depressant are mixed to obtain industrial lubricating oil. The modified rapeseed oil, the modified castor oil and the polyalphaolefin in the base oil are mixed according to the proportion of 9:2:1.
Experimental example 1
The performance index of the industrial lubricating oils of examples 2 to 7, mainly including friction properties, pour point, viscosity and biodegradability, was verified by the following test. The pour point is tested according to GB/T3535 and the viscosity index is tested according to GB/T1995-1998; the biodegradability is tested according to the experimental method of CEC L-33-A-93; the friction performance adopts a four-ball friction and wear testing machine, and the main test content is as follows: the rotating speed of the main shaft is 1200r/min, the load is 392N, the test time is 60min, and the oil pool is lubricated. The steel ball for test is a 12.7mmGCr15 standard steel ball, and the test results obtained through the experiment are shown in the following table:
conclusion of experiment: from the data of the experimental examples, the industrial lubricating oil prepared by the invention has good lubricity and biodegradability and can meet industrial requirements.
In summary, the preparation method of the industrial lubricating oil is characterized in that modified rapeseed oil is used for replacing poly-alpha-olefin to obtain the lubricating oil with good biodegradability, so that the problems of shortage of materials and environmental protection of the existing preparation method of the industrial lubricating oil are solved.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the industrial lubricating oil is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S01, preparing lubricating oil base oil: mixing modified rapeseed oil, modified castor oil and poly-alpha-olefin according to the proportion of 7-9:2-1:1 to obtain base oil, weighing 80-90 parts of base oil for standby, wherein the modified rapeseed oil is obtained by recombining a natural long carbon chain structure in the rapeseed oil and hydrodeoxygenation, and a catalyst NiMoTe/alpha-Al is used in preparing the modified rapeseed oil 2 O 3 ；
The preparation method of the modified castor oil comprises the following steps: taking 10 parts of ethanol, adding 2-3 parts of calcium oxide powder or sodium carbonate powder into the ethanol, fully mixing, adding 25-35 parts of castor oil, and stirring at 90 ℃ for reaction for 2 hours; adding 5-8 parts of triethanolamine, mixing, stirring at 170 ℃ for reaction for 1h, heating and refluxing for removing water, steaming to remove water in the solution, standing for 2-3h, separating an upper oil layer, and removing the upper oil layer to obtain a brown product, namely the modified castor oil;
step S02, preparing an antiwear additive: drying phosphate or borate in a drying oven at 120 ℃ for 6 hours, drying zinc oxide nano-particles at 80 ℃ for 4 hours, transferring the dried raw materials into a rheometer, carrying out melt blending for 10 minutes at the rotating speed of 600r/min and the temperature of 220 ℃, preheating on a vulcanizing machine for 5-10 minutes after melting, and crushing, grinding and sieving to obtain phosphate antiwear additive and borate antiwear additive nano-particles;
step S03, mixing: placing base oil in a reaction kettle, adding 1-2 parts of antiwear agent and antiwear additive nano particles, heating to 95-105 ℃, and stirring for 20min to obtain a lubricating oil primary mixture;
and step S04, continuously adding 3-5 parts of antifreeze, 0.5-2 parts of antioxidant and 2-5 parts of pour point depressant into the reaction kettle, and finally stirring for 15min by utilizing ultrasonic waves, and cooling to 10-15 ℃ to obtain the industrial lubricating oil.
2. The method for producing an industrial lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein in step S02, the phosphate is any one of tributyl phosphate and triphenyl phosphate.
3. The method for preparing industrial lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the phosphate antiwear additive is suitable for lubrication of nonferrous metal machines, and the borate antiwear additive is suitable for lubrication of ferrous metal machines.
4. The method for preparing industrial lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the zinc oxide nanoparticles is 85nm to 95nm, and the particle sizes of the phosphate antiwear additive and the borate antiwear additive are 120nm to 160nm.
5. The method for preparing industrial lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the lubricating base oil is prepared from modified rapeseed oil: modified castor oil: polyalphaolefin=9:1:1 ratio.
6. The method for preparing industrial lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the antifreeze agent is one or more of ethanol, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol; the pour point depressant is one or more of alkyl naphthalene and polymethacrylate.
7. The method for preparing industrial lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the antifreeze agent is one or more of ethanol, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol; the pour point depressant is one or more of alkyl naphthalene and polymethacrylate.
8. The method for producing an industrial lubricant according to claim 1, wherein the NiMoTe/α -Al 2 O 3 The preparation method comprises the following steps: by gamma-Al 2 O 3 Drying the mixture to obtain gamma-Al 2 O 3 Immersing in the solution of Ni, mo and Te metal components for 10 hr, drying for 5 hr, and calcining for 4 hr to obtain NiMoTe/alpha-Al catalyst 2 O 3 。
9. The method for preparing industrial lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the preparation of the modified rapeseed oil comprises the following steps:
step S11, adding NiMoTe/alpha-Al in a sectional and fixed way into a reactor with a condenser tube and a thermometer 2 O 3 The catalyst is vulcanized and activated for standby;
step S12, adding 200g of rapeseed oil and 5% -8% of formic acid into a reactor, introducing hydrogen, keeping the temperature at 300-350 ℃, reacting at 5.0MPa, wherein the hydrogen-oil volume ratio is 800:1, the liquid hourly space velocity is 0.8-1.2/h, and reacting for 6-12 h;
s13, after the reaction is finished, pouring the reaction materials into a separating funnel, standing and separating liquid, and separating out a lower water phase; washing the upper oil phase with distilled water and sodium carbonate solution to neutrality;
and S14, performing reduced pressure distillation to obtain modified rapeseed oil, namely biomass-based lubricating oil base oil.
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