JP2009503194A - Fuel and lubricant additives and methods for improving fuel economy and vehicle emissions - Google Patents

Abstract

Additives include a calcium source, a suspending agent, castor oil and optionally a castor oil supplement / replacement component. In many embodiments, polyalphaolefins are included. Preferred suspending agents are fatty acid esters, triglycerides or other materials having a pour point depression / melting point of about 5 ° C to about 50 ° C. Particularly important suspending agents are 1) polymerized ester of ricinoleic acid (polymerized ester of 12 hydroxyoleic acid), 2) polymerized ester of 12 hydroxystearic acid, 3) wax ester of ricinoleic acid, 4) palm oil, 5 ) Palm olein, 6) coconut oil, and 7) jojoba oil. This additive can be used in fuels to improve internal combustion engine performance with respect to efficiency and emissions. Polyalphaolefin may also be important in the additive formulation of diesel fuel relates particularly NO _X reduction. Additives can also be used in lubricants that improve the performance of both ferrous and non-ferrous metal components of engines, firearms or other machines. This additive can also be used in cutting fluids for machining and manufacturing. Aspects of the invention can be used in connection with other additives and used to lower the pour point of oils, esters and other similar products.

Description

  This application claims priority to US patent application 60/702420 filed July 25, 2005 and US patent application 60/782091 filed March 13, 2006. .

  The present invention relates to additives for automotive fuels that improve the performance of internal combustion engines, particularly with respect to efficiency and emissions. The invention also relates to an additive for a lubricant that improves the performance of ferrous and non-ferrous metal elements of engines, firearms or other machines. And, the present invention is an additive for cutting fluids that benefit from easy and low temperature cutting such as machining and manufacturing, as well as mining and other similar cutting, shearing and grinding. It relates to additives used in applications. The invention also relates to additives for pour point depressants. The present invention has also found other applications in various fuels, oils, esters, greases, pasty compounds such as cosmetics, and other fluids and semi-solids.

  US Pat. No. 5,505,867 to Ritter (registered on April 9, 1996) is for inclusion in fuels and lubricants, including overbased (highly basic) sulfonates, jojoba oil, and castor oil. A composition is disclosed. The composition of the above components has been found to provide excellent lubricating performance when added to lubricating oils for machinery. When the composition of the above components is added to research octane number 95 gasoline, it does not cause incipient detonation even when a single aircraft engine is 20-25% and the fuel is "lean". Can be operated.

  Many other patents and products have attempted to improve engine performance and lubricating oil performance, but the results have varied. Many commercial products are available from major oil refineries and small and medium professional manufacturers, whose distributors remove deposits, prevent deposition, lubricate engine metal surfaces, remove water droplets in fuel or It advertises that rust control improves engine performance and service life.

  However, the inventors of the present invention believe that there is a need for improved fuel additives and lubricants. Embodiments of the present invention address this and other needs.

  The problem of the present invention includes improving the combustion performance of fuel, thereby increasing fuel economy and reducing harmful emissions. Another problem of the present invention includes improving the lubricity value of the fuel and improving the performance of the lubricant in high speed metal contact. Another challenge includes promoting the pour point depression in diesel fuel in some aspects of the invention. The composition according to the present invention is provided as an additive for fuels and lubricants which improves the combustion performance and lubrication described above and solves some or all of the above problems.

  The additive of the present invention includes a calcium-containing component, castor oil, a suspending agent, optionally a castor supplement / partial replacement component, and in many embodiments, a polyalphaolefin component. . Preferred calcium-containing ingredients are overbased calcium sulfonate, calcium carbonate, and other liquids and powders containing calcium sulfonate and / or calcium carbonate. Preferred suspension agents (also referred to herein as “binders”) are fatty acid esters, triglycerides or other materials having a pour point / melting point of about 5-50 ° C. Particularly preferred suspending agents are wax esters of ricinoleic acid, palm oil, palm olein, coconut oil and jojoba oil. Preferred castor complementing / partial replacement components include castor oil, soy methyl ester, canola oil and pour point depressant.

  In embodiments used in fuels, the additive according to the present invention may be formulated from components containing only those listed above, or may contain other components such as conventional fuel additive packages. May be included. This additive can also be used with fuels that naturally contain other additive packages themselves. In embodiments used in or as lubricants, the additive according to the present invention may be formulated from components containing only those listed above, or other components such as conventional lubricants. An additive package may be included. Additives can also be used with lubricants that naturally contain other additive packages themselves. In the embodiment used in the pour point depressant, the additive according to the present invention may be blended from components containing only those listed above or may contain other components. Also, the additive according to the present invention can be used with biodiesel fuel and diesel fuel including biodiesel to promote pour point depression, most preferably the additive according to the present invention. And then the mixture is added to the biodiesel or biodiesel containing fuel.

  While the specification describes a particular application of the additive according to the present invention, other uses will become apparent over time. Furthermore, although certain preferred formulations are described herein, other formulations according to the present invention are also within the broad scope of this disclosure or patent literature that is the group claiming priority of this application, Specifically, it may be effective within the broad scope of US patent application 60/702420 filed July 25, 2005 and US patent application 60/782091 filed March 13, 2006. . The scope of these documents is incorporated herein by reference.

  Embodiments of the composition according to the present invention can be formulated for use alone, mixed with fuel, lubricant, treating agent or cutting oil, or for fuel, lubricant, treating agent or cutting oil. It can also be mixed with additives or pour point depressants. Embodiments of the composition according to the present invention can improve the combustion and / or function of a combustion engine, which can result in improved miles per gallon (3.8 liters) and / or emissions. . The additive according to the present invention comprises a calcium-containing component, castor oil, a suspending agent, optionally a castor supplement / partially replacing component, and in many embodiments a polyalphaolefin component.

  The calcium component may be calcium sulfonate, preferably overbased calcium sulfonate, although the inventors of the present invention added calcium carbonate in addition to or in addition to calcium sulfonate. It has also been found effective in use. Many calcium sulfonates and overbased calcium sulfonates are known (eg, the related art of US Pat. No. 5,505,867) and are commercially available, eg, from Crompton Corporation / Great Lakes Corporation (Chemtura). A particularly preferred calcium source is C-400 ™ or C-400-C ™ or C-CLR ™ overbased calcium sulfonate from Crompton Corporation / Great Lakes Corporation (Chemtura). Crompton C-400 (TM) or C-400-C (TM) or C-CLR (TM) is an excellent liquid calcium source without the problem of calcium particle size clogging the fuel filter It has been found.

  The inventors of the present invention have experimented with magnesium sulfonates and found that they are effective, but magnesium sulfonates typically contain deposits in the combustion chamber, heads, valves, spark plugs. So that deposits on the spark plug "ground out" the spark plug. Therefore, it is not practical and therefore not preferable to contain magnesium sulfonate in addition to or instead of calcium sulfonate. The inventor has also experimented with barium sulfonate, but it has been observed that it decomposes at, for example, a target temperature in a combustion engine, resulting in inconvenient emissions and is not effective. Thus, in a preferred embodiment, only calcium-containing components are used, not other alkaline earth components and other alkaline earth sulfonates.

  The inventor believes that many, but not all, polyalphaolefin components are effective in the preferred additive. The polyalphaolefin is preferably not hydrogenated for use in the preferred additive. Specific examples of preferred polyalphaolefin compounds that were effective in the tests and examples described below are SYNTON ™ PAOs (eg SYNTON-40) sold by Crompton Corporation / Great Lakes Corporation (Chemtura). (Trademark) and SYNTON-80 (trademark)) and DURASYN (trademark) PAO sold by BP Amoco.

  A suspending agent may also be referred to by the inventor as a “bonding agent”, and includes a calcium-containing component, whether it is organic (eg, sulfonate) or inorganic (eg, carbonate). It is retained in suspension (in suspension) even in the preferred additive vegetable oil, even in the final fuel-additive blend and in the final lubricant-additive blend. It is considered important. In the case of an overbased calcium sulfonate suspended in an additive-fuel blend or lubricant-additive blend, the inventor has shown that inorganic (overbased calcium sulfonate carbonate "overbased" Note that both (part) and organic (sulfonate part of overbased calcium sulfonate) calcium are suspended. The effect of this suspending agent is so prominent that we observe that the suspending agent almost “binds” calcium to other components to keep it in suspension. As such, this suspending agent is referred to by the name “binder”. The inventor is not necessarily convinced that calcium is covalently bound to this “binder” or to castor oil, castor complement / replacement component or PAO, but to use a suspending agent. The term “binder” is used to indicate the surprising results achieved by

Preferred suspending agents include one or more of those listed below. 1) Polymerized ester of ricinoleic acid (polymerized ester of 12 hydroxyoleic acid), 2) Polymerized ester of 12 hydroxystearic acid, 3) Palm oil, 4) Palm olein, 5) Coconut oil and 6) Jojoba oil. Particularly preferred suspending agents are
Acme Hardesty Co.'s Acme Wax 224 ™ (example number 1 above),
Acme Waest 225 ™ from Acme Hardesty Co. (example number 2 above, melting point 45 ° C.),
Columbus Foods palm oil # 701 (melting point 41 ° C), # 710 (melting point 41 ° C), # 720 and # 730 (melting point 28 ° C),
Palm olein # 725 (melting point 21 ° C), and
Columbus Foods Coconut Oil # 92 (melting point 34 ° C) and # 76 (melting point 26 ° C)
It is.

  A less preferred suspending agent is jojoba oil (preferably only cis-jojoba, a naturally occurring jojoba having a melting point of about 7 ° C.), which is particularly preferred because of its low price and availability. Inferior.

  A typical example of the general chemical structure of Acme Wax 224 ™ is shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, there can be seen unsaturated portions in the structure (ie, carbon in each monomer = carbon double bond) and a number of hydroxy groups (here, one per monomer) attached to the carbon chain. Acme Wax 224 ™ wax ester is a dimer, trimer, and more than 30 carbon atoms (dimer and higher number of polymerization monomers), usually more than 40 carbon atoms (trimer and higher polymerization) Monomer) It may contain an oligomer having a chain length.

  A representative example of the general chemical structure of Acme Wax 225 ™ is shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, there is a saturated portion in the structure (ie, a carbon-carbon single bond across each polymerized monomer) and a number of hydroxy groups (here, one per monomer) attached to the carbon chain. Acme Wax 225 ™ wax ester is a dimer, trimer, and more than 30 carbon atoms (dimer and higher number of polymerization monomers), usually more than 40 carbon atoms (trimer and higher polymerization) Monomer) It may contain an oligomer having a chain length.

  It will be appreciated that both 18 carbon chain monomers in Acme Wax 224 ™ and 225 ™ contain one carboxyl (COO-) group.

  With regard to the castor oil component, conventional castor oil available from many vendors is effective. The castor oil component may optionally be supplemented or replaced, if not all, of the castor oil. Preferred castor complement / partial replacement ingredients are castor oil sulfate, canola oil, soy methyl ester and pour point depressants (preferably vegetable oil based pour point depressants such as RHOMAX from Montreal and the present inventors. (Rho-Max 10-310 (trademark)) reported as a preferred rapeseed oil derivative. Sulphated castor oil (eg, “75% sulphated”) is preferred and is available from Acme Hardesty Co., Blue Bell, Pa., USA.

A wide range of formulations are expected to be effective as additives, for example a “3 group” formulation (note that no polyalphaolefins are added to this formulation) was within the following ranges: It's okay.
Group 1: 10-50 LV% of calcium component containing calcium sulfonate and / or calcium carbonate,
Group 2: Polyalphaolefin 0LV%,
Group 3: castor oil 10-60 LV% with optional castor complement / partially substituted components, and group 4: 1-25 LV% suspending agent.

The range of “4 group” formulations shown below has also been found to be effective in many different environments.
Group 1: Calcium components such as calcium sulfonate and / or calcium carbonate 10-50LV%,
Group 2: Polyalphaolefin 15-75 LV%,
Group 3: castor oil optionally containing castor complement / partially replaced components 10-60 LV%, and group 4: suspending agent 1-20 LV%.

  The ingredients from the three groups are blended together to make a 100 liquid volume% additive (group 2 is excluded), which is referred to as a “3 group additive” composition. The four groups are blended together to make a 100 liquid volume% additive (including group 2), which is referred to as a “four group additive”.

  The blending process is best performed by adding Group 4 components to Group 1 components and mixing the two components / group very well before adding the other groups of components. After mixing groups 1 and 4, the group 3 components and optionally the group 2 components can be added. Mixing the ingredients from groups 1 and 4 thoroughly before adding the other ingredients is necessary to keep all the ingredients of the additive in solution / suspension and to add the additive to this additive. The inventor believes that it is very important to keep in the proper solution / suspension of the oil, fuel or lubricant that is mixed. The components have a temperature in the predetermined temperature range during the blending process, but are preferably blended at temperatures from about room temperature to about 100-140 ° F.

  The terms “blend”, “mixture”, “add” can be used in reference to various methods and various devices, and such terms are used to describe a particular method, It is not intended to require specific equipment or specific mixing time. In the claims, several of the above terms are used in a claim to describe the different steps more clearly, but require different mixing techniques or devices. There is no intent to suggest. However, in some embodiments, the blending / mixing / addition of the various components of the preferred additive to each other or to the fuel or lubricant needs to be performed by high speed, high shear or high energy mixing techniques of the equipment. This may be obvious to one skilled in the art without undue experimentation.

  A preferred three group additive may consist of only the three groups described above, and a preferred four group additive may comprise the four groups described above. In another embodiment, the preferred 3 group additive or 4 group additive can be incorporated into an additional component, eg, a commercially available additive package, to become an “admixture additive”. The admixture may comprise, for example, three groups of compositions 80-99.99 LV% and “additional ingredients” 20-0.01 LV%. Alternatively, the admixture may consist of four groups of compositions 80-99.99 LV% and “additional ingredients” 20-0.01 LV%. Thus, the percentage of this “additional component” may range from a large percentage of the product (eg, about 20 LV%) to a very small percentage (eg, about 0.01 LV%). Examples of ingredients that can be added to “3 group additives” or “4 group additives” to form “admixture additives” include, but are not limited to, pour point depressants, winter green oil, dyes Various conventional additive packages for oils, various esters and / or fuels or lubricants are included. In addition, the 3 group additive or the 4 group additive or miscible additive can be added / mixed with other materials, preferably lubricating oils or fuels. The lubricating oil or fuel itself may already contain other “additives”.

  Effective concentrations of 3 group additives or 4 group additives or miscible additives in conventional lubricating oils are, for example, 99.998-80 LV% (typically 99.97-80 LV%) of lubricating oil. 4 groups or 5 groups or admixture 0.002 to 20.0 LV% (typically 0.03 to 20 LV%). Effective concentrations of 3 or 4 group additives or miscible additives in the combustion engine fuel are, for example, 3 groups or 4 vs. 99.998 to 95 LV% fuel (typically 99.97 to 95 LV%). It can be said that it is 0.002 to 5.0 LV% (typically 0.03 to 5 LV%) of a 4-group additive or a mixed additive.

  The inventor contemplates the use of a wide range of concentrations of 3 group additives or 4 group additives or miscible additives in lubricating oils, fuels, cutting oils and treated oils. More importantly, at least components from the three required groups are present in the lubricant (oil) or fuel, with or without other additive components, conventional or non-conventional.

  In the following examples, additives according to aspects of the present invention are described. The data associated with this example shows that there were improvements in emissions, fuel mileage or fuel mileage (miles per gallon), and improvements in lubricity and metal processing.

Example I
Emission test
Additive (according to one aspect of the invention):
C-400 Calcium sulfonate 40LV%
Polyalphaolefin 20LV%
Castor oil 20LV%
Jojoba oil 2LV%
Canola oil 18LV%
Together, the additive was 100 LV%.
The above blend was blended by the method described above and added to diesel fuel and gasoline and experimented with various engines as shown in the table below.
procedure:
Tests 1-9 were conducted under no load conditions using diesel fuel + additive (concentration of 1 oz additive in 12 gallons of commercially available conventional diesel fuel (about 45.6 liters)) and the same engine Compared with the case of using only diesel fuel. Tests 10 and 11 were conducted under no load conditions using gasoline + additive (concentration of 1 ounce additive in 18 gallons of commercially available conventional 87 octane gasoline (about 68.4 liters)) and the same engine. Compared to using gasoline alone. All emissions results were obtained using an analyzer installed in the vehicle's exhaust pipe, such as a Ferret (TM), Sun (TM) or ECOM (TM) analyzer.
result:
The results of this test are shown below as percent change in emissions from diesel-only or gasoline-only performance to “diesel + additive” or “gasoline + additive” performance, respectively.
In Tests 1 and 3-9 (Test No. 2 data not available), when added, O ₂ increased on average by 3%, while NO _X decreased on average by about 18%, carbon monoxide Decreased by about 27% on average and carbon dioxide decreased by about 8% on average. If the additive is included, NO ₂ is reduced by about 19% on average, NO was reduced about 17% on average. That is, the diesel + additive operation showed significant and surprising improvements in each of these emissions. In tests 10 and 11, when the additive is included, the hydrocarbon emissions in ppm drop at a very large percentage, ie about 100% and 67%, which averages 83.5%. It was a decrease. Thus, a significant and surprising improvement in emissions was also seen in operation with gasoline + additive.

Example II
Emission test
Additive (according to one aspect of the invention):
C-400-C Calcium sulfonate (Crompton Corporation / Great Lakes Corporation (Chemtura)) 30LV%
Polyalphaolefin 30LV%
Castor oil 20LV%
Jojoba oil 2LV%
Canola oil 18LV%
Together, the additive was 100 LV%.
procedure:
The test was conducted with a Cummins B series turbodiesel and started with a conventional commercially available # 2 diesel (test number 1). Subsequently, the same diesel blended with additive (test number 2), diesel with 2% biodiesel additive and 1 ounce / 10 gallon additive (test number 3), diesel with biodiesel Tested with 5% additive and 1 ounce / 10 gallon additive (Test No. 4) and with test number 4 fuel plus 1 ounce additive per 10 gallons of fuel It was.
result:
The test was performed at various engine rpms as well as at various running speeds ("on load") under no load conditions. Emissions are reported in the table below in the form of a base test (basic test), i.e. percent change relative to test number 1. This data by adding an additive, and by the addition of those obtained by mixing a biodiesel additive, prominent and surprising improvement to of the NO _X emission is shown that is obtained. For example, NO _X decreased by about 7-14% at 2500 rpm, 8-31% at 30 mph, 3-21% at 50 mph, and 4-8% at 70 mph.
vehicle:
Dodge 2001 pickup, VIN # 387K23601G735111
Engine: Cummins B series turbo diesel
fuel:
1. # 2 Diesel fuel # 2 diesel fuel plus additives at a rate of 1 ounce (about 29.6 milliliters) per 10 gallons of diesel fuel. # 2 diesel fuel + 2% biodiesel plus additives at a rate of 1 ounce per 10 gallons of diesel fuel. # 2 diesel fuel + biodiesel 5% plus additives at a rate of 1 ounce per 10 gallons of diesel fuel. 4. above. Mixed fuel with an additional 1 oz of additive per 10 gallons of fuel Note: O ₂ =% CO = ppm NOx = ppm CO ₂ =%
Change = difference from data of condition # 1

Example III
Emission test
Additive (according to one aspect of the invention):
C-400-C Calcium sulfonate (Crompton Corporation / Great Lakes Corporation (Chemtura)) 30LV%
Polyalphaolefin 30LV%
Castor oil 20LV%
Jojoba oil 2LV%
Canola oil 18LV%
Together, the additive was 100 LV%.
procedure:
In this test, a gasoline car was tested at 75 mph under load. The vehicle was a 2001 Pontiac Bonneville with a 3800 engine (no turbocharger). Test No. 1 is 75 mph, conducted using a conventional octane 87 commercial gasoline, and Test No. 2 is 75 mph with the same gasoline plus one ounce per 10 gallons of gasoline. Carried out.
result:
Test results show the results substantially and surprisingly in CO emissions and NO _X emissions. As shown in the following table, CO is reduced by an amount greater than 15%, NO _X is reduced by an amount greater than 50%.
Test conditions 1 to 75 mph without additive
2 to 75 mph 1 oz of additive per 10 gallons of gasoline

Note: HC = ppm, CO =%, CO ₂ =%, O ₂ =%, NO _X = ppm
Note: Although not attracted officially certain base data (basic data) and experimental data, peak for HC and NO _X in the immediately rapid acceleration during and rapid acceleration revealed that substantially reduced.

Example IV
Discharge test, PAO is gradually increased and added
vehicle:
MAC Truck in City of Butte, Montana
Analysis equipment:
ECOM AC Diesel Analyzer
procedure:
Under condition # 1, the engine of the MAC truck was heated to the operating temperature, and was further idling at 600 rpm for 15 minutes. Reading of the measured value of discharge was performed for 5 minutes when the measured value was stable. Next, the truck engine was operated at 2000 rpm for 5 minutes, and the measured value for 5 minutes, which was stable, was read again.
Under Condition # 2, an additive with the following formulation was added at a rate of 1 ounce per 20 gallons of # 2 diesel fuel.
Formulation of base additive (basic additive) added to MAC fuel tank under condition # 2:
Calcium sulfonate (Crompton C-400-CFC) 48LV%
Castor oil Acme Hardesty 48LV%
Jojoba oil (Purcell Jojoba, industrial grade) 4LV%
The measured values were read out at 600 rpm and 2000 rpm after running the engine for 5 minutes using this condition # 2 fuel-additive mixture.
Under Condition # 3, PAO (Crompton Synton 40) was added to the MAC truck fuel tank at a rate of 1 ounce PAO per 20 gallons of Condition # 2 fuel-additive blend. After running the engine with this condition # 3 PAO extended fuel-additive blend for 5 minutes, the readings were read at 600 rpm and 2000 rpm.
In condition # 4, an additional amount of PAO was added to the MAC truck fuel tank at a ratio of 1 ounce PAO per 20 gallons of PAO augmented fuel-additive blend of condition # 3. Engine was run for 10 minutes (during which time, NO measurements of _X and CO are lowered) after the measured value is stable and reading the measured values at 600rpm and 2000rpm in this condition.
Under Condition # 5, an additional amount of PAO was added to the MAC truck fuel tank at a ratio of 1 ounce to 20 gallons of Condition # 4 PAO Extended Fuel-Additive Mixture. Engine was run for 10 minutes (during which time, NO measurements of _X and CO are lowered) after the measured value is stable and reading the data at 600rpm and 2000rpm in this condition.
result:
The measured values under the above conditions can be summarized as follows. For 600 RPM and 2000 RPM data, the amount of material added at each is expressed as a fluid ounce per 20 gallons.

According to the data, in both cases with the addition of PAO to the fuel that is enhanced by case and already base formulation was added base formulation in diesel fuels, a reduction in CO emissions and NO _X are revealed . It also shows that the effect of additional PAO (such as gradually added under conditions # 4 and 5) diminishes. Note that Example D relates to a fuel additive used at a total of 1-4 fluid ounces per 20 gallons of fuel. Most advantageous is base additive formulation + 1 ounce of PAO.

Example V
Discharge test using Acme Wax 225 ™ as suspending agent
Additive (according to one aspect of the invention):
Calcium sulfonate (Crompton C-400-CFC (trademark)) 40LV%
Acme Wax 225 (trademark) (obtained from Acme Hardesty) 2LV%
Castor oil (obtained from Acme Hardesty) 20LV%
Soybean methyl ester (B-100 biodiesel, obtained from Cenex, West Fargo, North Dakota) 38LV%
Base fuel:
89 octane gasoline with 10% ethanol, purchased at Casey's General Store in Detroit Lakes, Minnesota
Emission measurement instrument:
Ferret 16 5-type gas analyzer
vehicle:
1998 Buick Regal
3800 engine, 173267 miles This vehicle has a port welded to the exhaust pipe (in the form of a catalytic converter), which measures the emissions before being affected by the catalytic converter.
procedure:
The vehicle first traveled 30 miles on the highway. The vehicle was then idled for 20 minutes. Base measurements were taken at 30 second intervals for 10 minutes. The same procedure was used and evaluated under experimental conditions where the additive was added to the base fuel at a rate of 1 ounce per 15 gallons. Averages and medians were calculated for the first half (first half) and second half (second half) of the observation and the entire observation (total).

Example VI
Discharge test using palm oil as suspending agent
Additive composition:
Calcium sulfonate (Crompton C-400-CFC ™) 48%
Palm oil (obtained from Columbus Foods) 4%
Castor oil (obtained from Acme Hardesty) 48%
Base fuel:
87 octane gasoline with 10% ethanol, purchased at Tesoro stand in Detroit Lakes, Minnesota
Emission measurement equipment:
Ferret 16 5-type gas analyzer
vehicle:
1998 Buick Regal
3800 engine, 173237 miles This vehicle has a port welded to the exhaust pipe (in the form of a catalytic converter), which measures the emissions before being affected by the catalytic converter.
procedure:
The vehicle first traveled 80 miles on the highway with only base fuel. The vehicle was then idled for 20 minutes. Base measurements were taken at 30 second intervals in 10 minutes. In Experimental Example # 1, the above additives were mixed with the base fuel at a rate of 1 ounce per 15 gallons. Averages and medians were calculated for the first and second half of the observation and the entire observation.

Example VII
Discharge test using palm olein as suspending agent
Additive (according to one aspect of the invention):
Calcium sulfonate (Crompton C-400-CLR) 48LV%
Castor oil (obtained from Acme Hardesty) 48LV%
Palm olein (obtained from Columbus Foods) 4LV%
Palm olein was added to the sulfonate and forced to stir with a hand-held blender until complete mixing was observed. Next, castor oil was added and mixed in the same manner.
fuel:
87 octane gasoline with 10% ethanol, purchased at Tesoro stand in Detroit Lakes, Minnesota
Emission measurement equipment:
Ferret 16 5-type gas analyzer
vehicle:
1998 Buick Regal
The 3800 engine, 173000+ mile vehicle has a port welded to the exhaust pipe (in the form of a catalytic converter), which measures the emissions before being affected by the catalytic converter.
procedure:
First, the vehicle was driven 80 miles on the highway using base fuel. The vehicle was then idled for 20 minutes. Base measurements were taken at 30 second intervals during 10 minutes. Using the same procedure, evaluation was also performed under experimental conditions in which an additive of the above composition to which palm olein had been added was added to the base fuel at a rate of 1 ounce per 15 gallons. Averages and medians were calculated for the first and second half of the observation and the entire observation.

Example VIII
Discharge test using coconut oil as suspending agent
Additive (according to one aspect of the invention):
Calcium sulfonate (Crompton C-400-CFC ™) 48LV%
Coconut oil 92 (obtained from Columbus Foods) 4LV%
Castor oil (obtained from Acme Hardesty) 48LV%
Base fuel:
89 octane gasoline with 10% ethanol, purchased at Tesoro stand in Detroit Lakes, Minnesota
Emission measurement equipment:
Ferret 16 5-type gas analyzer
vehicle:
1998 Buick Regal
The 3800 engine, 173000+ mile vehicle has a port welded to the exhaust pipe (in the form of a catalytic converter), which measures the emissions before being affected by the catalytic converter.
procedure:
The vehicle was first driven 80 miles on the highway with base fuel. The vehicle was then idled for 20 minutes. Base measurements were taken at 30 second intervals during 10 minutes. The same procedure was used to perform the evaluation under experimental conditions. The above composition of additive with coconut oil 92 added to the base fuel at a rate of 1 ounce per 15 gallons. Averages and medians were calculated for the first and second half of the observation and the entire observation.

Example IX
Emission test using calcium carbonate as a calcium component
Additive (according to one aspect of the invention):
Acme Wax 224 ™-Acme Hardesty 17%
Castor oil-Acme Hardesty 33%
PAO-polyalphaolefin, Synton 40 ™ available from Crompton Corporation
17%
Calcium carbonate-Alba Fil (TM) obtained from Specialty Minerals Inc., precipitated calcium carbonate 5-205-32 17%
Additive mixing procedure:
Two ounces (volume) of calcium carbonate was heated to 120 ° F. in an electric furnace. Next, 2 fl oz of Acme Wax 224 ™ was mixed with calcium carbonate until a uniform paste-like composition was obtained. Next, 2 flow ounces of castor oil was added to the calcium carbonate and Acme Wax 224 ™ and mixed with this mixture. Subsequently, PAO was mixed.
Base fuel:
87 octane gasoline with 10% ethanol, purchased at Tesoro stand in Detroit Lakes, Minnesota
Emission measurement equipment:
Ferret 16 5-type gas analyzer
vehicle:
1998 Buick Regal
The 3800 engine, 173000+ mile vehicle has a port welded to the exhaust pipe (in the form of a catalytic converter) so that emissions are measured before the catalytic converter is activated.
procedure:
First, the vehicle was driven 80 miles on the highway with base fuel. The vehicle was then idled for 20 minutes. Base measurements were taken at 30 second intervals for 10 minutes. The same procedure was used to evaluate under experimental conditions after adding calcium carbonate to the base fuel at a rate of 1 ounce per 24 gallons. Means and medians were calculated for the first and second half observations and the entire observation.

Experiment X
Additives to lawn mower fuel, operating time in one tank
Ambient temperature:
50 degrees
lawn mower:
Stanley riding lawn mower with Briggs & Stratton 21HP 2-cylinder engine
Procedure and measurement:
The engine was warmed up and operated until all the fuel in the tank burned and the engine stopped. The lawn mower was then filled with 3 pints of Condition A fuel (see below), the engine was started, and a mower deck was immediately installed. The RPM was maintained at 4400. A “Snap On” tachometer was used to check the RPM. The engine was run until all three pints were burned and the engine stopped. A watch was set to measure the operating time of this condition.
The lawn mower was filled with 3 pints of fuel of condition B (see below), the engine was started, and the lawn mower plate was immediately attached. The RPM was maintained at 4400. As above, a “snap-on” tachometer was used to check the RPM. The engine was run until all three pints were burned and the engine stopped. As above, a watch was set to measure the operating time under these conditions.
Condition A fuel: 20 gallons of octane 87 gasoline + 1 oz of additive according to one embodiment of the invention:
Calcium sulfonate: 30LV%
Polyalphaolefin: 30LV%
Castor oil: 10LV%
Jojoba oil: 1LV%
Soybean methyl ester: 29LV%
Together, the additive was 100 LV%.
Condition B fuel: 100% gasoline with an octane number of 87 (not treated with any aspect of the additive according to the invention).
result:
In condition A, in operation condition B for 2910 seconds, operation for 2715 seconds 2910 seconds / 2715 seconds = 1.0712 (approximately 7% performance improvement).

Example XI
Fuel mileage (miles per gallon) test with various additives
vehicle:
2002 Toyota, Forerunner
Testing location:
Bozeman MT
Base fuel:
Intermediate grade 88 octane, purchased at Exxon at Bozeman MT
procedure:
The fuel tank of the vehicle was filled with fuel, and the vehicle was driven on a specific road. Next, at the same stand, the same base fuel was re-supplied, the additive composition was added to the fuel, and the base fuel containing this particular additive was tested with the vehicle following the same track. Each time the fuel in the tank was reduced, the above procedure was repeated to refeed the base fuel and add another additive composition. The four different additives are as follows.
Base operation: Driving a vehicle with only intermediate grade 88 octane gasoline
Additive of Example # 1 (according to one embodiment of the invention): Formulation in LV%, added at a rate of 1 ounce to 20 gallons of base fuel Calcium carbonate-obtained from Specialty Minerals Inc. 40%
Product-Alba Fil, precipitated calcium carbonate A-5-205-32
Soybean methyl ester (Cenex, B-100 biodiesel) 33%
Castor oil 20%
Sulfur castor oil (75% sulphated) 5%
Acme Wax 224 ™ 2%
Additive of Example # 2 (according to one aspect of the invention): Formulation in LV% as follows, added at a rate of 1 ounce to 25 gallons of base fuel 25%
Castor oil 50%
Acme Wax 224 ™ 25%
Additive of Example # 3 (according to one embodiment of the invention): Formulation in LV% as follows, added at a rate of 1 ounce to 20 gallons of base fuel: 48% calcium sulfonate
Castor oil 48%
Acme Wax 225 ™ 4%
Additive of Example # 4 (according to one aspect of the invention): Formulation in LV% as follows, added at a rate of 1 ounce to 20 gallons of base fuel: 48% calcium sulfonate
Castor oil 48%
Palm oil 4%

Example XII
Fuel mileage testing at KARCO Engineering, Adelento, California
Additive (according to one aspect of the invention):
Calcium sulfonate (Crompton C-400-CLR) (trademark) 40LV%
Soybean methyl ester (Cenex, B-I00 biodiesel) 33LV%
Castor oil (obtained from Acme Hardesty) 20LV%
Sulfur castor oil (obtained from Acme Hardesty) 5LV%
Acme Wax 224 (trademark) (obtained from Acme Hardesty) 2LV%
procedure:
Vehicles A and B were run using base intermediate grade gasoline, and these same vehicles were compared to Control A using the same base gasoline plus the above additives (1 ounce per 20 gallons). And run as test B.

Example XIII
The fuel mileage test was conducted in Butte, Montana using the following:
vehicle:
Mack 12 yards dump (T-46), 1988
Engine Mack 673
Fuel tank capacity 100 gallons Fuel type Diesel
Additive (according to one aspect of the invention):
Calcium sulfonate (Crompton C-400-CLR (trademark)) 40LV%
Soybean methyl ester (Cenex B-100 Biodiesel) 33LV%
Castor oil (obtained from Acme Hardesty) 20LV%
Sulfur castor oil (obtained from Acme Hardesty) 5LV%
Acme Wax 224 (trademark) (obtained from Acme Hardesty) 2LV%
procedure:
The first tank of diesel fuel was untreated (no additive). The second tank is a base fuel (diesel) with an additive added at 1 flow ounce per 20 gallons (this second tank may be considered conditioned). The third tank is the base fuel with the additive added at 1 flow ounce per 20 gallons.

That is, an 8.6% increase in MPG is observed between the first tank base and the second tank (with additive), and the first tank base and the third tank (with additive) are observed. In between, an increase of 10.77% in MPG was observed.

Example XIV
The fuel mileage test was conducted in Butte, Montana using the following:
vehicle:
GMC 3/4 ton (T-20)
2003 engine size 6.0L
Fuel tank capacity 32 gallons Fuel type Gasoline
Additive (according to one aspect of the invention):
Calcium sulfonate (Crompton C-400-CLR (trademark)) 40LV%
Soybean methyl ester (Cenex B-100 Biodiesel) 33LV%
Castor oil (obtained from Acme Hardesty) 20LV%
Sulfur castor oil (obtained from Acme Hardesty) 5LV%
Acme Wax 224 (trademark) (obtained from Acme Hardesty) 2LV%
procedure:
The first tank diesel fuel was untreated (no additive). The fuel in the second tank was the base fuel (diesel) plus additive at 1 flow ounce per 20 gallons (this second tank may be considered conditioned). The third tank was the same base fuel plus one flow ounce per 20 gallons.

That is, a 26.8% increase in MPG was seen between the base of the first tank and the second tank (with additives). There was a 15.90% increase in MPG between the base of the first tank and the third tank (with additives).

Example XV
Fuel mileage test
vehicle:
GMC Yukon, 1997
Fuel tank capacity 32 gallons Fuel type Gasoline
Additive (according to one aspect of the invention):
Calcium sulfonate (Crompton C-400-CLR) (trademark) 40LV%
Soybean methyl ester (Cenex B-100 Biodiesel) 33LV%
Castor oil (obtained from Acme Hardesty) 20LV%
Sulfated castor oil (obtained from Acme Hardesty) 5LV%
Acme Wax 224 (trademark) (obtained from Acme Hardesty) 2LV%
procedure:
The first tank diesel fuel was untreated (no additive). The fuel in the second tank was the base fuel (diesel) plus one flow ounce per 20 gallons (this second tank may be considered a conditioning process). The third tank was the same base fuel plus one flow ounce of additive per 20 gallons.

From the above results, a 15.9% increase in MPG was observed between the first tank base and the second tank (with additives), and the first tank base and the third tank (with additives). An increase in MPG of 31.8% was observed between the first tank base and the fourth tank (with additives), and a 21.8% increase in MPG was observed.

Example XVI
Fuel mileage test
Additive (according to one aspect of the invention):
Calcium sulfonate (Crompton C-400-CLR) 48LV%
Castor oil (obtained from Acme Hardesty) 48LV%
Coconut oil 92 (obtained from Columbus Foods) 4LV%
Mixing procedure:
Coconut oil was added to the sulfonate and forced to stir in a hand-held blender until it was considered fully miscible. Next, castor oil is added and mixed in the same manner.
vehicle:
1991 Ford F-250, 4x4, standard cab, 4.9 liter 6 cylinder engine, standard transmission, XLT Lariat
procedure:
With the fuel tank empty, the vehicle was filled with 87 octane fuel at a Tesoro stand in Detroit Lakes, Minnesota. The vehicle traveled 345.9 miles on a 4-lane highway with a 4-speed gear with a vehicle speed setting of 65 miles per hour. The fuel was then re-supplied to the vehicle at the same stand, with the additive added at a rate of 1 ounce per 20 gallons. The same travel route was run again under the same conditions.

Example XVII
Metal adjustment characteristics
Additive (according to one aspect of the invention):
Calcium sulfonate: 40LV%
PAO: 20LV%
Castor oil: 20LV%
Jojoba oil: 1LV%
Soybean methyl ester: 19LV%
Together, the additive was 100 LV%.
procedure:
The muzzle speed of 180 grains 30-06 when fired from a rifle was tested and measured with a stopwatch.
Condition A: A manually loaded cartridge (above) was fired and the speed was measured.
Condition B: The cartridge was first placed in the additive described above, in which the cartridge was “soaking” and the additive was heated to 200 ° F. After holding at 200 ° F. for several minutes, the cartridge was removed, wiped clean, cooled, manually loaded and fired.
result:
Condition A: 2768 feet per second Condition B: 2916 feet per second 2916/2768 = 1.0535 (muzzle speed increased by about 5.4%).

Example XVIII
Small masonry chainsaw
Additive (according to one aspect of the invention):
Calcium sulfonate: 40LV%
PAO: 20LV%
Castor oil: 20%
Jojoba oil: 1LV%
Soybean methyl ester: 19LV%
Together, the additive was 100 LV%.
procedure:
Using a prototype masonry chainsaw, the temperature was measured at the hottest point of the saw (tip). The cutting speed was also observed.
Condition A: A saw was used to remove mortar between existing wall bricks. Water was used as a coolant.
Condition B: As in Condition A, saw was used to remove mortar between existing bricks. Water treated with water soluble PB10 sulfur chlorinated water soluble cutting oil was used as a coolant. Treatment rate (addition rate): 1 ounce per gallon of water.
Condition C: Similar to conditions A and B, saws were used to remove mortar between existing wall bricks. Water treated with the water-soluble cutting oil of Condition B and the above-mentioned additives was used as a coolant. Treatment rate: Additive 1oz was added to PB10 4oz. One ounce of blend with PB-10 added to the additive was added to one gallon of water.
result:
Condition A: Tip temperature = 161 ° F.
Condition B: Tip temperature = 130 ° F.
Condition C: Tip temperature = 91 ° F.
By using water-soluble oil (condition B) as a coolant, a temperature lower by 31 ° F. on average than condition A was obtained.
The additive + water-soluble oil (condition C) gave a temperature that was 70 ° F. lower than condition A and 39 ° F. lower than condition B.
Other advantages: Under conditions A and B (i.e. no additives), the cut debris stuck (clogged) into the chain and bar. Also, when the additive is used, the operator reports that the power and RPM are significantly increased and the cutting speed is thought to have doubled.

Example XIX
Fuel Lubricity Comparison Test The film strength of sulfur-free gasoline and diesel fuel was compared to the same fuel plus palm oil as a binder.
Additive (according to one aspect of the invention):
Calcium sulfonate (Crompton C-400-CLR ™) 48%
Palm oil (obtained from Columbus Foods) 4%
Castor oil (obtained from Acme Hardesty) 48%
Base (basic) procedure:
Pour 1 ounce of sulfur-free gasoline into the reservoir of a bearing test machine and let it run for 20 seconds, after which 1 lb (1 lb) is applied to the pendulum and 26 lb (26 lb) The weight is applied to the rotary bearing. The machine immediately stalled and the bearings melted together (about 3 seconds).
Example #l:
Next, a new bearing was installed in the bearing test machine and base gasoline plus the additive was poured into the machine's reservoir (1 ounce of additive per 20 gallons of fuel, or 1.4 cc additive per gallon of fuel). .
result:
The bearing test was conducted for 28 seconds (relative to about 3 seconds above) until the film strength dropped and the bearing melted and the machine stalled.

Example XX
Acme Wax 224 ™ and other suspending agents
Acme Wax 224 ™ obtained from Acme Hardesty Corp. was evaluated as a suspending agent as follows.
The additive according to one embodiment of the present invention was blended with the following ingredients.
C-400-CLR ™ calcium sulfonate 1 flow ounce,
Acme Wax 224 ™ 1 cc ounce, and castor oil 1 flow ounce (approximately, calcium sulfonate 49 LV%, Acme Wax 224 ™ 2 LV%, castor oil 49 LV%)
This additive was mixed by the method described above. The calcium component and Acme Wax 224 ™ were first mixed well and then castor oil was added. The blend was cooled to a temperature of 67 ° F.
Add 1.5 cc of the above additive to fresh intermediate grade gasoline 1/2 pint obtained from Exxon gas station and further cool to −17 ° F. in a freezer for 13 hours (and then add to room temperature) (Warm), the components remained in the suspension / solution and no residue or turbidity was seen in the jar, indicating a complete calcium suspension.
In the same test performed using coconut oil 92 and suspending agent, the same suspension was obtained.

Example XXI
Low temperature characteristics
Sample A:
B-100 “bulk” fuel, soy methyl ester, called “biodiesel” and “B-100”. (Meaning 100% soybean methyl ester).
Sample B:
One embodiment of an additive according to the invention comprising B-100 + conventional pour point depressant (Rho-Max 10-310 ™). The embodiment of the additive according to the invention consists of (LV%):
Calcium sulfonate 40%
Castor oil 15%
Polyalphaolefin (PAO) 34%
Pour point depressant (RHO-Max 10-310 ™) 10%
Jojoba oil 1%
100LV% in total
The above additives were then added to B-100 at a rate of 1 ounce per 5 gallons of B-100 and heated at 104 ° F. for 5 hours.
procedure:
Samples A and B were placed in a similar container and allowed to cool. The viscosity and injectability (fluidity) were checked visually.
result:
Similar viscosity was observed in both Samples A and B, and both samples were poured (flowed) in a similar manner at 80-30 ° F.
Sample A became cloudy at about 25 ° F. and became solid at 20 ° F.
Sample B showed some cloudiness at -10 ° F, but was injected well at -20 ° F (ie, poured as well as when Sample A was 70 ° F). The injectability of Sample B was maintained for 2 weeks with no observed change at this level. The sample was then diluted with 50% soy methyl ester (ie, 50LV% of B-100 was further added) and the same result was obtained.
Thus, the inventors of the present invention believe that the additive is extremely effective over a wide range of concentrations as a toughening agent for pour point depression.

Example XXII
Low Temperature Properties The inventor of the present invention has described an embodiment of the additive according to the present invention comprising a conventional pour point depressant as "B-20" (conventional diesel fuel 80LV% + biodiesel (soybean methyl ester) 20LV% bulk fuel) Soy methyl ester was not separated from conventional diesel fuel at -20 ° F. This surprising result is believed to be due to the additive of the present invention being a suspending agent between the ester and the hydrocarbon. This advantage extends to very low temperatures, e.g., -40 <0> F, and the additive can function as an anti-gelling / anti-separating agent for diesel fuel.

Example XXIII
Low temperature characteristics vs additive concentration in biodiesel additive
Additive:
Several additive components were blended in the following ranges and tested with biodiesel.
C-400-C Calcium sulfonate 40%
PAO 20-30%
Castor oil 10-15%
Sulfur castor oil ("75% sulphated") 5%
Jojoba or similar wax / ester 2%
SME 16-20%
RHO-MAX-310 ™ pour point depressant 2-3%
result:
On average, when 1 flow ounce of additive was added to 10 gallons of B-100 biodiesel, a treated biodiesel in the liquid state at 20-25 ° F. was obtained.
On average, when 1 flow ounce of additive was added to 5 gallons of B-100 biodiesel, treated biodiesel in a liquid state at 10 ° F. was obtained.
On average, when 1 flow ounce of additive was added to 2 gallons of B-100 biodiesel, a treated biodiesel in liquid state at 20 ° F. was obtained.

From the above examples and discussion above, it will be understood that a wide range of additive formulations are within the scope of the present invention. Particularly important formulations can be described to include:
Calcium-containing ingredients,
Preferably calcium sulfonate and / or calcium carbonate
30-50LV%
PAO 0LV%
Castor oil and supplements 40-60LV%
Fatty acid ester as a suspending agent 1-4LV%
--Or--
Calcium-containing ingredients,
Preferably calcium sulfonate and / or calcium carbonate
30-50LV%
PAO 15-30LV%
Castor oil and complementary components 30-50LV%
Fatty acid ester as a suspending agent 1-4LV%
Many additives may include the above components and proportions, but some embodiments may consist of the above components and proportions (ie, add up to 100 LV% without additional ingredients). ).

Particularly important and advantageous is that the harmful emissions from combustion fuels (gasoline, diesel, biodiesel and gasoline-ethanol) are reduced and the performance in miles per gallon is increased. It was shown by the embodiment of the composition. The aspect of the additive, the method of using the additive in the fuel, reduces NO _x , VOC, HC, soot and odor from the combustion fuel. NO _X emissions, in particular improved by additives according to aspects of the present invention including PAO, soot and odor are especially improved in applications in diesel in accordance with aspects of the present invention. Thus, the inventor is convinced that the additive according to the present invention is beneficial to automobiles, buses, trucks, airplanes, trains, heavy machinery, generators and the like.

  The inventor found that the composition of interest of the present invention has a synergistic effect, in particular, improved metal engine surface treatment and improved combustion characteristics, resulting in greatly improved performance and a cleaner engine. A fast-acting effect is obtained with respect to the reduction of harmful and undesirable emissions, and a long-term effect is seen with respect to at least temporary changes in the metal surface, whereby the engine introduces the additive according to the invention into the fuel. In addition, when operated, the improved performance (compared to the operation prior to additive addition) continues to be exhibited for a while, even when the original fuel (before additive addition) is changed again.

  Although the invention has been described with reference to specific means, materials and embodiments, the invention is not limited to these specific examples disclosed and is broad in the scope of the appended claims. It should be understood that it covers all equivalent forms within the frame.

A representative example of the general chemical structure of Acme Wax 224 ™ is shown. A representative example of the general chemical structure of Acme Wax 225 ™ is shown.

Claims (33)

An additive for fuel and lubricant, which improves internal combustion engine emissions and fuel mileage and improves lubricity;
Calcium-containing ingredients,
An additive comprising castor oil and a suspending agent, wherein the suspending agent is a fatty acid ester having a melting point of 5 to 50 ° C.   The additive of claim 1, further comprising a castor oil supplement / partial replacement component selected from the group consisting of castor oil sulfate, soybean methyl ester, canola oil and pour point depressant.   The additive of claim 1 further comprising a polyalphaolefin as a fourth component.   The additive according to claim 1, wherein the calcium source is selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfonate, overbased calcium sulfonate and calcium carbonate.   The additive according to claim 1, wherein the suspending agent is selected from the group consisting of fatty acid esters, triglyceride fatty acid esters, ricinoleic acid wax esters, palm oil, palm olein, coconut oil and jojoba oil. An additive for fuel and lubricant, which improves internal combustion engine emissions and fuel mileage and improves lubricity;
Calcium-containing component 10-50LV%,
Castor oil, and castor oil supplement component selected from the group consisting of castor oil, castor oil sulfate, soybean methyl ester, canola oil and pour point depressant, and a fatty acid ester having a melting point of 5 to 50 ° C. Turbidizing agent 1-25LV%
Including additives.   The additive of claim 6, further comprising a polyalphaolefin as a fourth component.   The additive according to claim 6, wherein the calcium-containing component is selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfonate, overbased calcium sulfonate and calcium carbonate.   The additive according to claim 6, wherein the suspending agent is selected from the group consisting of fatty acid esters, triglyceride fatty acid esters, wax esters of ricinoleic acid, palm oil, palm olein, coconut oil and jojoba oil.   The calcium-containing component is 30 to 50 LV% of the additive, the castor oil and castor oil complementing component is 40 to 60 LV% of the additive, and the suspending agent is 1 to 4 LV% of the additive. The additive as described. A suspending agent for fuel and lubricant, which improves internal combustion engine emissions and fuel mileage and improves lubricity,
Calcium-containing component 10-50LV%,
Polyalphaolefin 15-75LV%
Castor oil component, and complementary component selected from the group consisting of castor oil, sulfated castor oil, soybean methyl ester, canola oil and pour point depressant, and fatty acid ester having a melting point of 5 to 50 ° C. Suspending agent 1-20LV%
Including additives.   The additive according to claim 11, wherein the calcium-containing component is selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfonate, overbased calcium sulfonate and calcium carbonate.   12. The additive of claim 11, wherein the suspending agent is selected from the group consisting of fatty acid esters, triglyceride fatty acid esters, ricinoleic acid wax esters, palm oil, palm olein, coconut oil and jojoba oil.   The calcium-containing component is 30-50 LV% of the additive, the polyalphaolefin is 15-30 LV% of the additive, castor oil and castor complementing components are 30-50 LV% of the additive, and the suspending agent is added The additive of Claim 11 which is 1-4LV% of an agent. A method of blending and using additives for fuel, lubricant, pour point depressant and cutting fluid,
Supply calcium-containing ingredients,
A suspending agent selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid ester, a fatty acid ester having a melting point of 5 to 50 ° C., a triglyceride fatty acid ester, a wax ester of ricinoleic acid, palm oil, palm olein and jojoba oil is mixed with the calcium-containing component. To get the blend,
Feeding the castor oil after the blending and mixing the castor oil in the blend.   The caster oil supplement / partial replacement component selected from the group consisting of castor oil sulfate, soybean methyl ester, canola oil and pour point depressant is further added to the mixture after the mixing. The method described.   The method of claim 15, further comprising providing an effective amount of the additive into a vehicle's gasoline fuel, thereby increasing fuel mileage of the vehicle.   The method of claim 15, further comprising providing an effective amount of the additive to the diesel fuel of the vehicle, thereby increasing fuel mileage of the vehicle. An effective amount of the additive, comprising further to take into gasoline fuels for internal combustion engines, by which, NO X from the internal combustion _engine, hydrocarbons, emissions of CO and CO ₂ is reduced, to claim 15 The method described. An effective amount of the additive, further comprising a putting in diesel fuel for an internal combustion engine, by which, NO X from the internal combustion _engine, hydrocarbons, emissions of CO and CO ₂ is reduced, to claim 15 The method described.   21. The method of claim 20, wherein the diesel fuel is petroleum diesel.   21. The method of claim 20, wherein the diesel fuel comprises biodiesel.   21. The method of claim 20, wherein the diesel fuel comprises ethanol.   21. The method of claim 20, further comprising adding a polyalphaolefin to the mixture after the mixing. An effective amount of the additive, comprising further to take into gasoline fuels for internal combustion engines, by which, NO X from the internal combustion _engine, hydrocarbons, emissions of CO and CO ₂ is reduced, to claim 24 The method described. An effective amount of the additive, further comprising a putting in diesel fuel for an internal combustion engine, by which, NO X from the internal combustion _engine, hydrocarbons, emissions of CO and CO ₂ is reduced, to claim 24 The method described.   The method of claim 15, further comprising placing an effective amount of the additive in a cutting fluid, thereby reducing friction in a cutting operation in which the cutting fluid is used. A method of suspending calcium in gasoline fuel for an internal combustion engine,
Supply calcium-containing ingredients,
A suspending agent selected from the group consisting of the fatty acid ester, a fatty acid ester having a melting point of 5 to 50 ° C., a triglyceride fatty acid ester, a wax ester of ricinoleic acid, palm oil, palm olein, coconut oil and jojoba oil. To obtain an admixture,
After the blending, castor oil component is added to the blend to obtain a mixture,
A method wherein after the castor oil component is added to obtain the mixture, the mixture is placed in gasoline fuel, whereby the calcium component is suspended in the gasoline fuel.   29. The method of suspending calcium according to claim 28, wherein polyalphaolefin is further added to the mixture after the mixing and before the mixture is put into gasoline fuel. A method of suspending calcium in diesel fuel of an internal combustion engine,
Supply calcium-containing ingredients,
A suspending agent selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid ester, a fatty acid ester having a melting point of 5 to 50 ° C., a triglyceride fatty acid ester, a wax ester of ricinoleic acid, palm oil, palm olein, coconut oil and jojoba oil; To obtain an admixture,
After the mixing, a castor oil component is added to the mixture to obtain a mixture,
Adding the castor oil component to obtain a mixture, and then placing the mixture in diesel fuel;
Thereby, the calcium component is suspended in the diesel fuel.   31. The method of claim 30, wherein polyalphaolefin is further added to the mixture after the mixing and prior to placing the mixture in the diesel fuel.   32. The method of claim 30, wherein the diesel comprises biodiesel.   32. The method of claim 30, wherein the diesel comprises ethanol.

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