JP2008516741A - 線無しの心臓刺激システム - Google Patents
線無しの心臓刺激システム Download PDFInfo
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- A61N1/37252—Details of algorithms or data aspects of communication system, e.g. handshaking, transmitting specific data or segmenting data
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- A61N1/375—Constructional arrangements, e.g. casings
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Abstract
Description
本明細書は、心臓または他の組織を電気的に刺激し、しかも、心臓または他の周辺組織または器官内に延ばされたリード(線、導線)を使用することなくそれを行うシステム、さらにはそのような刺激する手段を導入するためのシステムおよび方法に関する。
いくつかの実施形態では、線無し電極組立体は、少なくとも1つのらせん状尖叉および少なくとも1つの渦巻き状尖叉を備える取付け機構を備えることができる。取付け機構は、心内膜を貫通し、心筋に入る遠位に延びるらせん状尖叉を含み、またらせん状尖叉が心筋に貫通した後、心内膜または心筋内にカールして入るように適合された複数の放射状に延びる尖叉を含むことができる。
他の実施形態では、線無し電極組立体は、さらに、取付け機構の留め具から相隔てて並ぶ脱離機構も備える。脱離機構は、ネジ付き部材を含み、留め具が心内膜を貫通して心筋内に入った後、線無し電極組立体を送達システムから解放するように動作可能なものとすることができる。
本発明の1つまたは複数の実施形態の詳細は、付属の図面および以下の説明で述べられる。本発明の他の特徴、目的、および利点は、説明および図面、ならびに請求項から明白になるであろう。
本明細書は、線無し(リード無し)の電極を使用してペーシング療法または他の組織励起を行い、商業的に実施可能な、システムのさまざまな構成を説明する。発明者らが得た研究成果の1つは、商業的に実施可能なシステムを実現する際に考慮すべき重要な問題点は埋め込まれたシステムの総合エネルギー効率であるということである。例えば、2つの誘導結合コイルのエネルギー伝達効率は、コイル間の距離が増えるとともに劇的に減少する。そのため、例えば、通常の上側胸部内に埋め込まれた送信機コイルは、無視できるくらい小さなエネルギーを心臓内に配置されている小型シード電極コイルに結合することしかできない。
標準リードインピーダンス=600オーム
標準パルス持続時間=0.4ミリ秒
求められた閾値エネルギー=4マイクロジュール
1)導電率および誘電率の現実的な周波数に依存する値を持つ組織媒質中にある、アンテナに関して所定の位置および所定の向きでシードコイル410をリンクする磁束を計算する。
2)コイル内に誘導される(およびコイル410と直列の電圧としてモデル化される)電圧を工程1)で計算された磁束の時間変化率として計算する。
3)スイッチ418を位置1にして、シード回路方程式を使用して、時間に対するコンデンサ405上の電荷、したがってコンデンサに蓄積されたエネルギー(405の容量を2倍した値で電荷の平方を除算した値に等しい)を計算する。
・充電中にシード回路内で(オーム熱として)消費される電力
・充電中にアンテナ回路内で(オーム熱として)消費される電力
・導電性生体組織内に誘導される渦電流により(オーム熱として)消費される電力
5)シードの部位における磁場をB=curl(A)で計算する
6)最弱リンクシードをペーシング閾値エネルギーまで充電するのに必要なアンテナ電流波形パラメータを5)から決定する
7)アンテナ回路損失を、6)で求められた電流波形について計算する
8)場に対するシードの配置および向きの与えられた集合が5)で計算されたとして、すべてのシード回路損失の総和を計算する
9)空間内の複数の地点における電場をE=−∂A/∂tで計算する
10)空間内の各点での導電率σに対する知られている、または推定された値を使用して患者身体全体にわたってσ|E|2を積分し、生体組織による吸収で失われるエネルギーを決定する
11)充電エネルギーに7)〜10)で計算された損失を加えた値で割ったシードに送出される充電エネルギーとして効率を計算する
シード設計、アンテナ設計、およびアンテナ回路波形の最適化は、工程1)〜11)を反復して実行され、結合効率の最大化が行われる。送信機の電池の寿命は、心拍毎にアンテナが結合効率で割った全ペーシングエネルギーNE0を供給しなければならないため、エネルギー結合効率から容易に計算される。電池に蓄積されている全エネルギーは、その体積にそのエネルギー密度を掛けたものである。次いで、システムがペーシングできる予想総心拍数は、全電池エネルギーにエネルギー結合効率を掛け心拍当たりのペーシングエネルギーNE0で割ったものである。平均心拍数、つまり毎分72拍を仮定すると、分単位の電池寿命が得られる。
ただし、
Vind=誘導電圧(ボルト)
A=表面積(m2)
B=印加される磁場(テスラ)
ただし、
β=μN(π/12)(Di 2+DiDo+Do 2)
μ=コアの有効透磁率(単位なし)
N=コイルの総巻き数
Di=コイルの内径(メートル)
Do=コイルの外径(メートル)
ただし、
μ0=自由空間の透磁率=4π×10−7Weber/Amp−m
Na=アンテナの巻き線の数
D=アンテナ直径(メートル)
z=アンテナ中心からの軸に沿った距離(メートル)
γ=(μ0Na/D)[1+(2z/D)2]−3/2(テスラ/アンペア)
ただし、
C=容量(ファラッド)
V=印加される電圧(ボルト)
Q=線質係数(単位なし)=(1/R)(L/C)1/2
τ=L/R(時定数)(秒)
L=アンテナインダクタンス(ヘンリー)
R=アンテナおよびコンデンサの抵抗(オーム)
S=(1−[2Q]2)1/2
Vind=βγ(CV/4τ2)(1−t/2τ)e−t/2τ (7)
Claims (30)
- 線無し電極組立体の少なくとも一部を心内膜の組織に通し、心筋の組織内に埋め込むためのカテーテル送達システムであって、
近位端および遠位端を持つ第1の細長い部材であって、その中を通る管腔を定める、第1の細長い部材と、
近位端および遠位端を持つ第2の細長い部材と、
前記第2の細長い部材の前記遠位端に取付け可能な線無し電極組立体とを備え、前記電極組立体が前記第2の細長い部材に取り付けられるときに、前記第2の細長い部材は、前記管腔を通過可能であり、前記電極組立体の少なくとも一部を前記心内膜に通して、前記心筋に送達する、カテーテル送達システム。 - 前記電極組立体は、前記心内膜を貫通して、前記心筋内に入る少なくとも1つの留め具を持つ取付け機構を備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記取付け機構は、前記電極組立体の少なくとも一部を前記心筋に固定するように動作可能である、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記取付け機構は、少なくとも1つのらせん状尖叉および少なくとも1つの渦巻き状尖叉を備える、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記取付け機構は、前記心内膜を貫通して、前記心筋に入る遠位に延びるらせん状尖叉および複数の放射状に延びる渦巻き状尖叉を備える、請求項4に記載のシステム。
- 前記取付け機構の前記留め具は、尖叉、ネジ、釣り針、またはフックを含む、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記第2の細長い部材は、前記電極組立体を前記心筋に送達した後、前記第2の細長い部材から前記電極組立体を外すために、前記遠位端に脱離機構を備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記脱離機構は、前記電極組立体の一部と解放可能なように係合するネジ付き部材を備える、請求項7に記載のシステム。
- 前記脱離機構は、前記電極組立体の一部と解放可能なように係合する調節可能な固定部材を備える、請求項7に記載のシステム。
- 前記第1の細長い部材は、前記第1の細長い部材の前記遠位端を前記心内膜に近い選択された部位に導くための操縦機構を備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記第1の細長い部材は、前記心内膜に近い前記選択された部位のところで、局所心電図を感知するために遠位端に電極を備える、請求項10に記載のシステム。
- さらに、近位端と遠位端を持つアクセスカテーテルを含み、当該アクセスカテーテルはその中を通る管腔を有し、前記第1の細長い部材は、前記アクセスカテーテルの前記管腔を通過可能な送達カテーテルである、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- さらに、前記アクセスカテーテルの前記遠位端の近くに画像装置を備える、請求項12に記載のシステム。
- 前記画像装置は、前記アクセスカテーテルの遠位にある選択された部位を視覚化する超音波装置を含む、請求項13に記載のシステム。
- 埋め込み可能な線無し電極組立体であって、
ペーシング電気パルスを放出する第1の電極と、
心内膜の組織を貫通して心筋の組織内に入る、少なくとも1つの留め具を持つ、取付け機構とを備え、前記取付け機能の少なくとも一部は、前記留め具が前記心内膜を貫通して前記心筋に入るときに、前記電極が前記心筋の近くに位置決めされるように、前記電極の近くに配置される、線無し電極組立体。 - さらに、前記留具が前記心内膜を貫通して前記心筋に入るときに、前記第2の電極が内部心室内の血液に曝されている間に、前記第1の電極が前記心筋に近いところに位置決めされるように、前記第1の電極から相隔てて並べられた第2の電極を備える、請求項15に記載の線無し電極組立体。
- さらに、外部発生源から電磁エネルギーを受け取る誘導装置を備え、前記第1の電極は、ペーシング電気パルスが前記誘導装置により受け取られた前記電磁エネルギーの少なくとも一部から発生されるように、回路に電気的に接続される、請求項15に記載の線無し電極組立体。
- 前記回路は、前記誘導装置により受け取られた前記電磁エネルギーを蓄積するためのエネルギー蓄積要素を備え、前記エネルギー蓄積要素は電気エネルギーを周期的に前記電極に放出するように動作可能である、請求項15に記載の線無し電極組立体。
- 前記誘導装置は、前記外部エネルギー発生源に誘導結合されたコイルを備える、請求項15に記載の線無し電極組立体。
- 前記取付け機構は、少なくとも1つのらせん状尖叉および少なくとも1つの渦巻き状尖叉を備える、請求項15に記載の線無し電極組立体。
- 前記取付け機構は、前記心内膜を貫通して前記心筋に入る遠位に延びる、らせん状尖叉を含み、前記らせん状尖叉が前記心筋に貫通した後、前記心内膜または心筋内にカールして入るように適合された、複数の放射状に延びる尖叉を含む、請求項20に記載の線無し電極組立体。
- 前記取付け機構の前記留め具は、尖叉、ネジ、釣り針、またはフックを含む、請求項15に記載の線無し電極組立体。
- さらに、前記取付け機構の前記留め具から相隔てて並べられた脱離機構を備え、前記脱離機構はネジ付き部材を含み、前記留め具が心内膜を貫通して心筋に入った後、送達システムから前記線無し電極組立体を解放するように動作可能である、請求項15に記載の線無し電極組立体。
- 線無し電極組立体を内部心室内に送り、前記心筋に近づける方法であって、
第1の細長い部材の遠位端を内部心室内に導き、前記第1の細長い部材は前記遠位端および近位端を持ち、中を通る管腔を備える工程と、
線無し電極組立体を前記第1の細長い部材の前記管腔に通し、前記第1の細長い部材の前記遠位端へと導く工程と、
前記線無し電極組立体の少なくとも一部を前記心内膜組織に貫通させ、前記心筋内に入れる工程と、を含む方法。 - 前記線無し電極組立体は、前記第1の細長い部材の前記管腔を通過可能な第2の細長い部材の遠位端に取り付けられ、前記方法は、さらに、前記第1の細長い部材から前記線無し電極組立体を解放するために脱離機構を動作させる工程を含む、請求項24に記載の方法。
- さらに、前記第2の細長い部材および前記第1の細長い部材を心内膜から引き出す工程を含む、請求項25に記載の方法。
- さらに、前記線無し電極組立体の少なくとも一部が前記心内膜を貫通した後に、前記第1の細長い部材の前記遠位端にあるセンサで局所心電図を測定する工程を含む、請求項24に記載の方法。
- さらに、前記局所心電図を測定した後に、前記線無し電極組立体の1つまたは複数の調節可能尖叉を配置する工程を含む、請求項27に記載の方法。
- さらに、前記局所心電図を測定した後に前記線無し電極組立体を前記心筋から引き出して、前記線無し電極組立体の少なくとも一部を前記心内膜の異なる部分に貫通させ、前記心筋の異なる部分の中に入れる工程を含む、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記線無し電極組立体の少なくとも一部を心内膜組織に貫通させて、前記心筋に入れる工程は、前記電極組立体の取付け機構を前記心内膜に貫通させる工程を含む、請求項24に記載の方法。
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JP2019513444A (ja) * | 2016-03-31 | 2019-05-30 | カーディアック ペースメイカーズ, インコーポレイテッド | 抜去するように構成された長期的に植え込まれた医療機器および長期的に植え込まれた医療機器を抜去するための抜去装置 |
US11911625B2 (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2024-02-27 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Systems and methods for controlling wirelessly powered leadless pacemakers |
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US10493288B2 (en) | 2019-12-03 |
US20140155950A1 (en) | 2014-06-05 |
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US20070150038A1 (en) | 2007-06-28 |
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CA2584648A1 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
EP1809372A2 (en) | 2007-07-25 |
JP4995090B2 (ja) | 2012-08-08 |
US7532933B2 (en) | 2009-05-12 |
WO2006045074A2 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
JP4891911B2 (ja) | 2012-03-07 |
US20160175599A1 (en) | 2016-06-23 |
US20140012344A1 (en) | 2014-01-09 |
US8332036B2 (en) | 2012-12-11 |
WO2006045074A3 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
JP2008516740A (ja) | 2008-05-22 |
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