JP2008515750A - 完全防水コンクリート - Google Patents
完全防水コンクリート Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2008515750A JP2008515750A JP2007534745A JP2007534745A JP2008515750A JP 2008515750 A JP2008515750 A JP 2008515750A JP 2007534745 A JP2007534745 A JP 2007534745A JP 2007534745 A JP2007534745 A JP 2007534745A JP 2008515750 A JP2008515750 A JP 2008515750A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- glycol
- hydrophobic material
- solute
- butyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- -1 aliphatic ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- QMMJWQMCMRUYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1Cl QMMJWQMCMRUYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical group CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- WIBFFTLQMKKBLZ-SEYXRHQNSA-N n-butyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCC WIBFFTLQMKKBLZ-SEYXRHQNSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-acid Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008030 superplasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000887 hydrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Myristic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021360 Myristic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940070765 laurate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RWNUSVWFHDHRCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCOCC(C)O RWNUSVWFHDHRCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GQCZPFJGIXHZMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tert-Butoxy-2-propanol Chemical compound CC(O)COC(C)(C)C GQCZPFJGIXHZMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- TVZRAEYQIKYCPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(trimethylsilyl)propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)CCCS(O)(=O)=O TVZRAEYQIKYCPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007764 o/w emulsion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002895 organic esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011404 masonry cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000007974 melamines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical class [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011396 hydraulic cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(O)COC(C)COC(C)CO LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- UWHBIJIJAZPGSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCCCC[Ca]CCCCCCCCC Chemical class CCCCCCCCC[Ca]CCCCCCCCC UWHBIJIJAZPGSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical class CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium tristearate Chemical compound [Al+3].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940063655 aluminum stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008365 aqueous carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- SXPLZNMUBFBFIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC SXPLZNMUBFBFIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- AQEFLFZSWDEAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(C)(C)C AQEFLFZSWDEAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- OTTZHAVKAVGASB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hept-2-ene Chemical compound CCCCC=CC OTTZHAVKAVGASB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229920000847 nonoxynol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical group CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002889 oleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940114926 stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical class OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/08—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
- C04B24/085—Higher fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/04—Carboxylic acids; Salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/02—Alcohols; Phenols; Ethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/08—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B24/2641—Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates
- C04B24/2647—Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates containing polyether side chains
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
- C07D295/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms acylated on ring nitrogen atoms
- C07D295/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms acylated on ring nitrogen atoms by radicals derived from carboxylic acids, or sulfur or nitrogen analogues thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/34—Non-shrinking or non-cracking materials
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明の発明組成物は、この上に記述したように、セメントおよびセメント系組成物および材料を変性するための添加剤または混和材として用いるに有用である。従って、本発明は、また、セメント系材料およびそれの撥水性を向上させる方法にも関する。
R2OOC−C(R1)(H)−(CH2)n−COOR3
[式中、R1はC12からC18アルキルもしくはアルキレン基であり、R2およびR3は水素またはカチオン(例えばナトリウム、カリウム、リチウム、亜鉛、ブチル)でありそして「n」は1から6の整数である]
で表されるであろう。好適なジカルボン酸塩はテトラプロペニルブタンデジオディックアシッド(butandediodic acid)のジナトリウム塩であり、これは式
Na+−OOC−C(C12H23)(H)−CH2−COO−Na+
で表される。例えば、前記ジカルボン酸塩(「DSS」)の20%溶液を下記の如くグリコールエーテル溶媒の中に混合してもよい:45%DPTB、450%DPG、2%DSSおよび8%水[ここで、「DPTB」はジ(オキシプロピレン)グリコール−t−ブチルエーテルを表しそして「DPG」はジ(オキシプロピレン)グリコールを表す]。
Claims (28)
- セメント系材料における撥水性を向上させるに有効な少なくとも1種の疎水性材料を有する溶質部分およびセメント系材料における乾燥収縮を抑制するに有効な少なくとも1種のグリコールエーテルを有する非水性溶媒部分を含んで成っていて前記溶質および溶媒が該組成物中に95:5から5:95の比率で存在し、前記溶質および溶媒部分が非水性溶液の形態または水が不連続相として存在するエマルジョンの形態で一緒に均一に混ざり合っている組成物。
- 前記疎水性材料が水和性セメント系組成物の中に混合された時に空気を連行しない請求項1記載の組成物。
- 前記疎水性材料が鹸化されていない請求項1記載の組成物。
- 水の含有量が該組成物の総体積を基準にして0−30%である請求項1記載の組成物。
- 水が入っていない請求項1記載の組成物。
- 前記溶質と溶媒が該組成物中に70:30から30:70の比率で存在する請求項1記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1種の疎水性材料である溶質が脂肪族カルボン酸もしくはその塩を含んで成る請求項1記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1種の疎水性材料である溶質が脂肪族カルボン酸の脂肪族エステルまたはその塩を含んで成る請求項7記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1種の疎水性材料が一般式R1−R2[式中、R1はC12−C18脂肪族カルボン酸エステルであり、そしてR2は直鎖もしくは分枝C1からC10アルキルである]で表される脂肪族カルボン酸有機エステルである請求項1記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1種の疎水性材料である溶質がステアレート、オレエート、天然に存在する油、ラウレート、パルミテート、ミリスチン酸エステル、リノール酸エステル、ヤシ油、ヒマシ油またはそれらの塩または混合物を含んで成る請求項9記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1種の疎水性材料である溶質がオレイン酸アルキルエステル、ステアリン酸アルキルエステルまたはそれらの混合物を含んで成る請求項9記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1種の疎水性材料である溶質がオレイン酸ブチル、ステアリン酸ブチルまたはそれらの混合物を含んで成る請求項9記載の組成物。
- 前記溶質がオレイン酸ブチルおよびステアリン酸ブチルを含んで成る請求項12記載の組成物。
- 前記オレイン酸ブチルおよびステアリン酸ブチルが該組成物中の乾燥固体総重量を基準にして30パーセント以上の量から50パーセント以下の量で該組成物中に存在する請求項13記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1種の疎水性材料が脂肪族カルボン酸またはその塩もしくはエステル、脂肪酸またはその塩もしくはエステル、天然もしくは合成ワックス、天然もしくは合成油、シリコーン化合物、シラン化合物、シロキサン化合物、ナフタレン化合物、メラミン化合物、ジカルボン酸もしくはそれらの塩またはそれらの混合物を含んで成る請求項1記載の組成物。
- 前記グリコールエーテル溶媒が(i)オキシアルキレングリコール、(ii)アルコール、グリコールもしくはグリセロールのオキシアルキレンエーテル付加体または(iii)それらの混合物を含んで成る請求項1記載の組成物。
- 前記グリコールエーテル溶媒が(i)ジ(プロピレン)グリコール−t−ブチルエーテル、ジ(プロピレン)グリコール−n−ブチルエーテルまたはそれらの混合物および(ii)場合によりジ(オキシプロピレン)グリコール、ジ(オキシエチレン)グリコールまたはそれらの混合物を含んで成る請求項16記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1種の疎水性材料である溶質がステアレート、オレエート、天然に存在する油、ラウレート、パルミテート、ミリスチン酸エステル、リノール酸エステルまたはそれらの塩または混合物を含んで成りそして前記グリコールエーテル溶媒が(i)オキシアルキレングリコール、(ii)アルコール、グリコールもしくはグリセロールのオキシアルキレンエーテル付加体または(iii)それらの混合物を含んで成る請求項1記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1種の疎水性材料がオレイン酸ブチルおよびステアリン酸ブチルを含んで成りそして前記少なくとも1種のグリコールエーテル溶媒が(i)ジ(オキシプロピレン)グリコール−t−ブチルエーテル、ジ(オキシプロピレン)グリコール−n−ブチルエーテルまたはそれらの混合物および場合により(ii)場合によりジ(オキシプロピレン)グリコール、ジ(オキシエチレン)グリコールまたはそれらの混合物を含んで成る請求項1記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1種の疎水性材料が式R2OOC−C(R1)(H)−(CH2)n−COOR3[式中、R1はC12からC18アルキルもしくはアルキレン基であり、R2およびR3は水素またはカチオンであり、そして「n」は1から6の整数である]で表されるジカルボン酸もしくは塩である請求項15記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1種の溶媒が水和性セメント系組成物中の空気を追い出すに有効である請求項1記載の組成物。
- 更に少なくとも1種の櫛形重合体である超可塑剤も含有して成る請求項1記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1種の櫛形重合体である超可塑剤がポリ(オキシアルキレン)基を含有して成りそして前記櫛形重合体である超可塑剤の水含有量が該組成物の総体積の0−30%である請求項22記載の組成物。
- 更に水の含有量が該組成物の総体積の5%以下である請求項1記載の組成物。
- 界面活性剤が入っていない請求項1記載の組成物。
- 空気を連行する金属脂肪酸が入っていない請求項1記載の組成物。
- セメント系材料に変性を受けさせる方法であって、水和性セメント系結合剤を請求項1記載の組成物と一緒にすることを含んで成る方法。
- 請求項1記載の組成物を含有するセメント系材料。
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US61566404P | 2004-10-04 | 2004-10-04 | |
US60/615,664 | 2004-10-04 | ||
PCT/US2005/034931 WO2006041698A1 (en) | 2004-10-04 | 2005-09-28 | Integrally waterproofed concrete |
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JP2008515750A true JP2008515750A (ja) | 2008-05-15 |
JP2008515750A5 JP2008515750A5 (ja) | 2008-10-30 |
JP5022904B2 JP5022904B2 (ja) | 2012-09-12 |
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EP (1) | EP1799623B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5022904B2 (ja) |
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CA (1) | CA2582414C (ja) |
GB (1) | GB2435165B (ja) |
HK (1) | HK1114599A1 (ja) |
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MX (1) | MX2007004016A (ja) |
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FR2942475B1 (fr) * | 2009-02-26 | 2011-04-01 | Sika Technology Ag | Composition seche comprenant un liant et une huile vegetale modifiee |
EP2421806A1 (de) * | 2009-04-22 | 2012-02-29 | Construction Research & Technology GmbH | Schwundarmes bindemittelsystem |
FR2945816B1 (fr) * | 2009-05-19 | 2011-08-26 | Total Raffinage Marketing | Liant bitumineux pour la preparation d'asphaltes ou d'enrobes a basses temperatures |
WO2014015289A1 (en) | 2012-07-20 | 2014-01-23 | U.S. Concrete, Inc. | Accelerated drying concrete compositions and methods of manufacturing thereof |
US8220344B2 (en) * | 2009-07-15 | 2012-07-17 | U.S. Concrete, Inc. | Method for estimating properties of concrete |
US9133058B2 (en) | 2009-07-15 | 2015-09-15 | U.S. Concrete, Inc. | Cementitious compositions for decreasing the rate of water vapor emissions from concrete and methods for preparing and using the same |
US20110015306A1 (en) | 2009-07-15 | 2011-01-20 | US Concrete, Inc. | Cementitious compositions for decreasing the rate of water vapor emissions from concrete and methods for preparing and using the same |
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CN102167526B (zh) * | 2011-01-21 | 2012-10-24 | 河海大学 | 一种低收缩碱矿渣水泥组合物及其制备方法 |
US8821630B2 (en) * | 2011-05-06 | 2014-09-02 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Carboxylated-carboxylic polyglycerol compositions for use in cementitious compositions |
RU2482083C2 (ru) * | 2011-07-13 | 2013-05-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "КОМПОНЕНТ" | Комплексная добавка для бетонных смесей и строительных растворов |
CN102718553B (zh) * | 2012-06-21 | 2014-04-16 | 北京龙阳伟业科技股份有限公司 | 混凝土防水密实剂及其制备方法 |
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EP1799623A4 (en) | 2012-12-05 |
MX2007004016A (es) | 2007-06-07 |
RU2382744C2 (ru) | 2010-02-27 |
US20110036273A1 (en) | 2011-02-17 |
AU2005294591B2 (en) | 2010-12-09 |
CA2582414C (en) | 2013-01-08 |
WO2006041698A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
BRPI0516472B1 (pt) | 2017-12-05 |
US20070256605A1 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
EP1799623A1 (en) | 2007-06-27 |
CA2582414A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
NZ554134A (en) | 2010-10-29 |
KR101203476B1 (ko) | 2012-11-23 |
GB2435165A (en) | 2007-08-15 |
JP5022904B2 (ja) | 2012-09-12 |
RU2007116123A (ru) | 2008-11-10 |
GB0706627D0 (en) | 2007-05-16 |
US8603241B2 (en) | 2013-12-10 |
HK1114599A1 (en) | 2008-11-07 |
EP1799623B1 (en) | 2015-07-15 |
US7846251B2 (en) | 2010-12-07 |
CN101094821A (zh) | 2007-12-26 |
IN2007DE02498A (ja) | 2007-08-03 |
AU2010241328B2 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
CN101094821B (zh) | 2013-03-20 |
BRPI0516472A (pt) | 2008-09-09 |
GB2435165B (en) | 2009-09-23 |
AU2005294591A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
KR20070054232A (ko) | 2007-05-28 |
AU2010241328A1 (en) | 2010-12-02 |
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