JP2008503653A - 絶縁された電磁軟鉄基粉末組成物のための潤滑剤 - Google Patents
絶縁された電磁軟鉄基粉末組成物のための潤滑剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008503653A JP2008503653A JP2007518007A JP2007518007A JP2008503653A JP 2008503653 A JP2008503653 A JP 2008503653A JP 2007518007 A JP2007518007 A JP 2007518007A JP 2007518007 A JP2007518007 A JP 2007518007A JP 2008503653 A JP2008503653 A JP 2008503653A
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005069 Extreme pressure additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LYRFLYHAGKPMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O LYRFLYHAGKPMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940037312 stearamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/20—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
- H01F1/22—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
- H01F1/24—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together the particles being insulated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
- H01F41/0246—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits by moulding or by pressing powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12181—Composite powder [e.g., coated, etc.]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
10 lg(η)=k/T+C
(式中、勾配kは、800より大きく、Tはケルビン単位であり、Cは定数である)
に従い温度に依存する、組成物の0.05〜0.4重量%の量の、少なくとも一種類の不乾性油又は液体とを含む粉末冶金組成物に関する。
Description
被覆処理のための出発材料として用いることができる適当な金属粉末は、鉄のような強磁性金属から調製された粉末である。ニッケル、コバルト、燐、珪素、アルミニウム、クロム、硼素等のような合金用元素を、鉄基製品の性質を修正するため、粒子として添加するか、予め合金化してもよい。鉄基粉末は、実質的に純粋な鉄粉末、予め合金化した鉄基粉末、及び実質的に純粋な鉄又は鉄基鉄粒子と合金用元素からなる群から選択することができる。粒子の形に関して、それら粒子は、水噴霧又はスポンジ状鉄により得られるような不規則な形を有するのが好ましい。ガス噴霧した粉末及びフレークを関与させてもよい。
本発明による潤滑剤は、周囲温度で液体であることによって区別される。即ち、結晶融点は25℃より低くなるべきである。潤滑剤の別の特徴は、それが不乾性油又は液体であることである。
lg(η)=k/T+C
式中、勾配kは、800より大きいのが好ましい(Tはケルビン単位であり、Cは定数である)。
少量(0.6重量%未満)の潤滑剤と混合して、微細粒子を含む慣用的に用いられている粉末を、高圧で、即ち約600MPaより高い圧力で慣用的に成形することは、ダイから成形体を押出すのに必要な力が大きく、それに伴われるダイの摩耗が大きく、部品の表面の輝きが悪くなるか、又は劣化する傾向があることにより、一般に不適切であると考えられている。本発明による粉末及び液体潤滑剤を用いることにより、約600MPaより大きな高圧で、押出力(ejection force)が減少し、ダイ壁潤滑を用いない場合でも許容可能な又は完全でさえある表面を有する部品を得ることができることが図らずも発見された。成形は標準的設備を用いて行うことができ、そのことは、高額の投資を行わなくてもこの新規な方法を実施できることを意味している。成形は周囲温度又は上昇させた温度で、一つの工程で一軸的に行われる。本発明による利点を達成するためには、好ましくは成形は7.50g/cm3より高い密度まで行われるべきである。
合計2kgの種々の鉄基粉末組成物を調製した。鉄基粉末は電磁軟質粉末であり、その粒子には絶縁性無機被覆が与えられていた。粒径分布は、下の表4の「粗い粉末」に記載してある通りである:
例1に従い、潤滑剤Cを含む粉末混合物を調製し、例1に従う柱状試験試料を5つの異なったダイ温度で成形した。次の表6は、ダイから試験試料を押出すのに必要な押出力及び押出エネルギー、押出試料の表面外観、及び試料の圧粉密度を示している。
この例は、成形試料をダイから放出させるのに必要な押出力及び押出エネルギーのみならず、押出試料の表面外観に与える潤滑剤Cの添加量の影響を例示している。潤滑剤を、0.05%、0.10%、及び0.04%の添加レベルにした点を除き、例1にしたがって混合物を調製した。例1にしたがって試料を室温(RT)で成形した。次の表7は、ダイから試料を押出すのに必要なエネルギーのみならず、押出した試料の表面外観を示している。
この例は、ダイから試料を押出すのに必要な押出力及び押出エネルギーに対する粒径分布の影響及び本発明による液体潤滑剤を用いた場合の押出試料の表面外観に与える粒径分布の影響を例示する。
粗い粉末(表4)と比較して、「微細粉末」を用いた点を除き、例1を繰り返した。
この例は、本発明による液体潤滑剤の使用含有量を低くして得られる優れた磁気特性を例示している。一般に潤滑性が低い程、電気抵抗率が低く、鉄損が大きくなる結果を与える。しかし、この例では、潤滑性能が許容できない場合でも最大透磁率のような磁気特性は許容することができることを示している(試料B)。しかし、許容不可能な潤滑性能を示すそのような潤滑剤は、表面仕上げを悪くし、過度の工具摩耗を与えるため、大規模製造のための粉末として用いることはできない。
Claims (9)
- 粒子が絶縁性無機被覆で囲まれている鉄又は鉄基粉末を含み、潤滑剤として、結晶融点が25℃より低く、40℃での粘度(η)が15mPa・sより大きく、前記粘度が次の式:
lg(η)=k/T+C
(式中、勾配kは、800より大きく、Tはケルビン単位であり、Cは定数である)
に従い温度依存のある、少なくとも一種類の不乾性油又は液体を、組成物の0.05〜0.40重量%の量で含む、成形体のための粉末組成物。 - 潤滑剤が、鉱物油、植物系又は動物系脂肪酸、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、グリセリン、及びそれらのエステル化誘導体、任意に、「レオロジー修正剤」、「極圧添加剤」、「冷間圧接防止用添加剤」、「酸化防止剤」、及び「防錆剤」等の添加剤と組合せたものからなる群から選択されている、請求項1に記載の粉末組成物。
- 潤滑剤が、0.1〜0.3、好ましくは0.15〜0.25重量%の量で含有されている、請求項1又は2に記載の粉末組成物。
- 周囲温度で固体である潤滑剤(一種又は多種)を含まない、請求項3に記載の粉末組成物。
- 45μmより小さい粒径を有する粉末粒子が、約5重量%より少ない、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の粉末組成物。
- 鉄基粉末の少なくとも40重量%、好ましくは少なくとも60重量%が、約106μmより大きい粒径を有する粒子からなる、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 鉄基粉末の少なくとも20重量%、好ましくは少なくとも40重量%、最も好ましくは少なくとも50重量%が、約212μmより大きい粒径を有する粒子からなる、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 更に、有機結合剤及び樹脂、流動性増加剤、処理助剤、及び粒状潤滑剤からなる群から選択された一種類以上の添加剤を含有する、請求項1に記載の粉末組成物。
- a) 粒子が無機絶縁性層で囲まれている電磁軟鉄又は鉄基粉末と、潤滑剤として、結晶融点が25℃より低く、40℃での粘度(η)が15mPa・sより大きく、前記粘度が次の式:
lg(η)=k/T+C
(式中、勾配kは、800より大きく、Tはケルビン単位であり、Cは定数である)
に従い温度に依存である、組成物の0.05〜0.4重量%の量の、不乾性油又は液体とを混合する工程、及び
b) 前記組成物を約600MPaより大きい圧力で成形し、成形物体にする工程、
を含む、熱処理された電磁軟質部品を製造する方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE0401644A SE0401644D0 (sv) | 2004-06-23 | 2004-06-23 | Lubricants for insulated soft magnetic iron-based powder compositions |
PCT/SE2005/000977 WO2006001763A1 (en) | 2004-06-23 | 2005-06-21 | Lubricants for insulated soft magnetic iron-based powder compositions |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2008503653A true JP2008503653A (ja) | 2008-02-07 |
JP2008503653A5 JP2008503653A5 (ja) | 2010-06-24 |
JP4629102B2 JP4629102B2 (ja) | 2011-02-09 |
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Family Applications (1)
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JP2007518007A Expired - Fee Related JP4629102B2 (ja) | 2004-06-23 | 2005-06-21 | 粉末組成物、及び軟磁性部品の製造方法 |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7718082B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1758700B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4629102B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100488667C (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE441493T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2005257719B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0512313B8 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2571777C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602005016401D1 (ja) |
MX (1) | MXPA06014484A (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2352437C2 (ja) |
SE (1) | SE0401644D0 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI288177B (ja) |
UA (1) | UA82299C2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006001763A1 (ja) |
ZA (1) | ZA200610510B (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR20180090187A (ko) | 2017-02-02 | 2018-08-10 | 가부시키가이샤 고베 세이코쇼 | 분말 야금용 혼합 분말 |
KR20180090732A (ko) | 2017-02-03 | 2018-08-13 | 가부시키가이샤 고베 세이코쇼 | 분말 야금용 혼합 분말 및 그 제조 방법 |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE0401042D0 (sv) * | 2004-04-21 | 2004-04-21 | Hoeganaes Ab | Lubricants for metallurgical powder compositions |
JP5697589B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-20 | 2015-04-08 | ホガナス アクチボラグ (パブル) | 強磁性粉末組成物及びその生産方法 |
JP5650928B2 (ja) * | 2009-06-30 | 2015-01-07 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 軟磁性材料、成形体、圧粉磁心、電磁部品、軟磁性材料の製造方法および圧粉磁心の製造方法 |
US9475945B2 (en) * | 2013-10-03 | 2016-10-25 | Kennametal Inc. | Aqueous slurry for making a powder of hard material |
US9657993B2 (en) | 2015-02-20 | 2017-05-23 | Gestion Mcmarland Inc. | Solid agglomerate of fine metal particles comprising a liquid oily lubricant and method for making same |
Citations (6)
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- 2005-06-21 JP JP2007518007A patent/JP4629102B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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KR20180090187A (ko) | 2017-02-02 | 2018-08-10 | 가부시키가이샤 고베 세이코쇼 | 분말 야금용 혼합 분말 |
KR20180090732A (ko) | 2017-02-03 | 2018-08-13 | 가부시키가이샤 고베 세이코쇼 | 분말 야금용 혼합 분말 및 그 제조 방법 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2571777C (en) | 2010-03-09 |
SE0401644D0 (sv) | 2004-06-23 |
RU2352437C2 (ru) | 2009-04-20 |
EP1758700A1 (en) | 2007-03-07 |
BRPI0512313A (pt) | 2008-02-26 |
US20080019859A1 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
DE602005016401D1 (de) | 2009-10-15 |
WO2006001763A1 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
AU2005257719B2 (en) | 2008-01-31 |
ATE441493T1 (de) | 2009-09-15 |
MXPA06014484A (es) | 2007-03-01 |
AU2005257719A1 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
CA2571777A1 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
BRPI0512313B8 (pt) | 2016-05-24 |
TW200615385A (en) | 2006-05-16 |
JP4629102B2 (ja) | 2011-02-09 |
ZA200610510B (en) | 2008-06-25 |
BRPI0512313B1 (pt) | 2014-01-21 |
EP1758700B1 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
CN100488667C (zh) | 2009-05-20 |
UA82299C2 (uk) | 2008-03-25 |
RU2007102278A (ru) | 2008-07-27 |
TWI288177B (en) | 2007-10-11 |
CN1972772A (zh) | 2007-05-30 |
US7718082B2 (en) | 2010-05-18 |
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