JP2008020338A - Space distance measuring apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a space distance measuring apparatus using a laser distance meter, which measures a distance between two points in a space stably, precisely and simply. <P>SOLUTION: The apparatus for measuring the distance between the two points by using the laser distance meter 50 comprises: a laser distance meter holding device 10 which creates an intersecting point specified as a measurement control point 101 by extending two lines on its both sides, and can move the laser distance meter 50 while keeping the distance constant from the measurement control point 101 up to the measurement original point 51 of the laser distance meter 50; and a target holding device 20 which creates another intersection point specified as a control point to be measured 102 by extending two lines on its both sides, and can move an irradiation target 53 while keeping the distance constant from the control point to be measured 102 up to an aiming point 52 of laser light emitted from the laser distance meter. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a dimensional measurement for shape management of a structure, particularly to a technique for accurately measuring a distance between two arbitrary points for a large structure such as a tank, a hull shape, and a bridge.

  There are a wide variety of methods for measuring the distance between two points. For large structures such as tanks, hull shapes, and bridges, a method using a tape measure, a light wave method called a three-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument. Ranging and other methods are typical. No prior literature similar to the present invention was found.

Needless to say, the former applies a tape measure between two points to be measured and reads the length, but the tape measure itself expands and contracts due to the tension applied to it, so when measuring a long distance between two points. The tension management greatly affects the measurement accuracy, and the handling becomes complicated.
In addition, in spatial measurement, deflection due to the weight of the measuring tape itself is generated, so it is difficult to maintain accuracy in measuring a long distance between two points.

The latter defines a measurement target point as a three-dimensional coordinate by measuring the distance from a three-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument installed at an arbitrary place to the measurement target with light waves and measuring the horizontal angle and vertical angle with an encoder. The distance between each coordinate point is calculated mathematically.
However, in this method, it is necessary for the measurer to collimate each measurement target point through the telescope unit of the three-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument, and a long measurement time is required due to its complexity. Moreover, since the collimation work situation is difficult in narrow spaces, the scope of application is naturally limited.

  In addition to the two measurement methods, there is a measurement method using a laser distance meter. FIG. 11 shows an outline of the measurement of the distance between two points using a laser distance meter. In the figure, 50 is a laser distance meter, 54 is a measurement object, and normally a mark 55 for identifying a measurement point is provided on the measurement object. In some cases, the reflection target 56 is attached for the purpose of stable reflection of laser light.

  In this case, the distance between two points to be measured is the origin of the laser distance meter, for example, the center 51a of the tripod mounting hole, or the distance between the front end surface 51b or the rear end surface 51c of the distance meter and the reflection target 56. Become. At this time, if the measurement target is a relatively simple shape, the offset dimension amount ΔL (represented in the figure) between the measurement reference point 58 and the center 51a of the tripod mounting hole, or the front end face 51b or the rear end face 51c of the distance meter. Then, a predetermined distance between two points can be obtained by adding the offset dimension amount with respect to the center 51a of the tripod mounting hole.

FIG. 12 shows an example of a cargo hold of a hull as an object to be measured, and shows a three-dimensional view of the front of the hull viewed from the rear of the hull.
Consider a case in which the distance (diagonal dimension) 64 between two points in the diagonal direction of the bottom surface 61 of the cargo hold is measured. FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of part A of FIG. 12, but the measurement reference point 101 is a position defined by the intersection of the three planes of the bottom surface 61, the horizontal partition wall 62, and the inclined hopper 63. Become.

  In such a case, it is necessary to perform measurement in the direction of the measurement line connecting the measurement origin 51a (or 51b or 51c) of the laser distance meter and the measurement reference point 101, that is, in the direction of the laser optical axis 57. However, since the connecting portions of the three planes 61, 62, 63 are actually connected by welding, the measurement reference point 101 is covered with a weld bead (not shown) and is unclear. Therefore, measurement work for such a measurement object is extremely difficult.

  The present invention provides a spatial distance measuring device that stably and accurately measures the distance between two points in space using a laser distance meter in view of the above-described problems of the prior art. For the purpose.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the spatial distance measuring device according to the present invention is a device that measures the distance between two points using a laser distance meter, and an intersection of two extended lines at both ends is defined as a measurement reference point. The intersection of the laser distance meter holding device that enables the laser distance meter to move while keeping the distance from the measurement reference point to the measurement origin of the laser distance meter constant, and the extension lines of the two sides at both ends is the measurement target. A target holding device that is defined as a point and that allows the irradiation target to move while maintaining a constant distance from the measured reference point to the aiming point of the laser light emitted from the laser rangefinder. To do.

  By configuring as described above, one measurement reference point and the other measured reference point can be set accurately, so even if these reference points are hidden by a weld bead, etc., these reference points are unclear. The distance between the two points can be measured accurately and simply. That is, the distance between the two points is the distance between the measurement origin of the laser distance meter measured by the laser distance meter and the aiming point of the irradiation target, the distance from the measurement reference point to the measurement origin of the laser distance meter, and The distance from the measured reference point to the aiming point of the irradiation target can be obtained by adding each as an offset value.

  The laser distance meter holding device includes a support base having the measurement reference point, and a movable base on which the laser distance meter is mounted and movable on a radius centered on the measurement reference point. The target holding device includes a support base having the measurement reference point and a moving base on which the irradiation target is mounted and movable on a radius centered on the measurement reference point.

  Since the intersections of the two extended lines on both ends of each support base are the measurement reference point and the reference point to be measured, respectively, a mobile base equipped with a laser distance meter and a mobile base equipped with an irradiation target on each support base. The length of the diagonal line and the length of each side can be accurately measured according to the diagonal angle.

Further, the laser distance meter holding device is configured such that the laser distance meter can be rotated in the horizontal and vertical directions on the moving mechanism around the measurement origin, and the horizontal rotation angle and the vertical rotation angle of the laser distance meter. Angle adjusting means for finely adjusting the target, and the target holding device is capable of rotating the irradiation target in a horizontal direction on the moving mechanism around the aiming point, and horizontally rotating the irradiation target. Assume that an angle adjusting means for finely adjusting the angle is provided.
With this configuration, the laser distance meter and the irradiation target can be positioned in a directly-facing state according to the diagonal angle, and the laser distance meter can be used even if the surface of the member on which each holding device is installed is deformed. Can be accurately aligned with the aiming point of the irradiation target.

Further, positioning means for positioning the moving table of the laser distance meter holding device at a predetermined position or an arbitrary position on the radius centered on the measurement reference point is provided, and the moving table of the target holding device is provided. Positioning means for positioning at a predetermined position or an arbitrary position on the radius centered on the reference point to be measured is provided.
By this positioning means, the laser distance meter and the irradiation target can be accurately positioned at a predetermined diagonal angle position.

Moreover, the positioning guide which contacts the side surface of a measuring object shall be provided in the both ends of the said support stand of each of the said laser distance meter holding | maintenance apparatus and the said target holding | maintenance apparatus.
Accordingly, the laser distance meter holding device and the target holding device can be accurately installed at the corner of the measurement target, and the above-described measurement reference point and measurement reference point can be accurately set.

Further, suction fixing means that is detachable from the object to be measured is provided on the lower surface of the support base of each of the laser distance meter holding device and the target holding device.
Thereby, each holding | maintenance apparatus can be installed easily not only on a bottom surface but also a side surface, a ceiling surface, etc. easily and simply.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The spatial distance measuring device of the present invention includes a laser distance meter holding device 10 equipped with a laser distance meter 50 and a target holding device 20 equipped with a laser light irradiation target 53 irradiated from the laser distance meter 50. . First, the configuration of the laser distance meter holding device 10 will be described.

(Configuration of Laser Distance Meter Holding Device 10)
1 to 3 show a laser distance meter holding device 10 in the spatial distance measuring device of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a plan view, FIG. 2 is a front view, and FIG. 3 is a side view.
The laser distance meter holding device 10 includes an arcuate support base 1 in which the intersection of two extension lines 1a and 1b at both ends is defined as a measurement reference point 101, and the extension lines 1a and 1b on the support base 1. An arc-shaped rail 2 provided with a radius centering on the measurement reference point 101 that is an intersection, and a movable table 3 that is mounted with a laser distance meter 50 and is movable on the arc-shaped rail 2 are provided. The movable table 3 moves smoothly and precisely on the arc-shaped rail 2 by a linear guide. The measurement origin 51 of the laser rangefinder 50 is positioned at a predetermined position on the radius R with the measurement reference point 101 as the center. In addition, the measurement origin 51 here is the tripod mounting hole 51a of the laser distance meter described above as an example.

  The support base 1 is provided with suction fixing means for detachably fixing to the measurement target. As the suction fixing means, for example, a plurality of magnets 14 are attached to the lower surface of the support base 1. Further, positioning guides 11 and 12 are provided at both ends of the support base 1 so as to be in contact with the side surface of the measurement object, for example, the horizontal partition wall 62 and the hopper 63 of the cargo hold (measurement object 60) shown in FIG. Is preferred. One positioning guide 11 comes into contact with the surface of the horizontal partition wall 62 and is vertically mounted on the support base 1 with bolts or the like. The other positioning guide 12 is in contact with the surface of the hopper 63 and is inclined at an angle of 45 °, for example, and is similarly mounted on the support base 1 with bolts or the like. Further, since the laser distance meter holding device 10 is set at the corner of the measurement target, the angles of the support base 1 and the positioning guides 11 and 12 are determined according to the three-dimensional angle formed by the corner. Is used.

  A holder 4 for a laser distance meter 50 is provided on the movable table 3. The holder 4 is composed of, for example, an L-shaped member, and a laser distance meter 50 is attached to the holder 4 so as to be rotatable about a horizontal axis 5 in the vertical direction. Further, the holder 4 to which the laser distance meter 50 is attached is attached on the movable table 3 so as to be rotatable in the horizontal direction about the vertical axis 6. The measurement origin 51 of the laser distance meter 50 is set at the intersection position between the center line of the horizontal axis 5 and the center line of the vertical axis 6. Therefore, the laser distance meter 50 can be rotated in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction around the measurement origin 51. Further, angle adjusting means 7 and 8 by adjusting screws 7a and 8a are provided in order to finely adjust the horizontal rotation angle and the vertical rotation angle of the laser distance meter 50 around the measurement origin 51. The angle adjusting means 7 and 8 include graduated disks 7b and 8b, respectively, and are normally set to zero scale positions. Further, operation levers 7c and 8c are provided on the respective discs 7b and 8b.

  The moving table 3 is provided with positioning means 9 for the laser distance meter 50. The positioning means 9 is configured as an index type, and includes a positioning pin 9a with a knob urged downward by a spring (not shown) on the moving base 3, and a plurality of holes 9b provided in the support base 1 in advance. It consists of and. The plurality of holes 9b are provided on an arc centered on the measurement reference point 101, and the length of the diagonal line to be measured varies depending on the diagonal angle θ (see FIG. 7), and therefore corresponds to the diagonal angle θ. Are set respectively. The positioning means 9 does not necessarily have to be of a preset type, and may be set at an arbitrary angle with a set bolt or the like. In this case, it is preferable that an angle scale is displayed.

(Configuration of target holding device 20)
Next, the structure of the target holding device 20 in the spatial distance measuring device of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 4 is a plan view, FIG. 5 is a front view, and FIG. 6 is a side view.
The target holding device 20 basically includes a support base 21 and a moving base 23 that moves on an arc-shaped rail 22 provided on the support base 21 in the same manner as the laser distance meter holding apparatus 10 described above. The support base 21 has the same configuration as the support base 1, and an intersection point between two extended lines 21 a and 21 b at both ends is defined as a measurement reference point 102. The arc-shaped rail 22 is formed on the support base 21 with a radius centered on the measurement reference point 102. The moving table 23 moves smoothly and precisely on the arc-shaped rail 22 via a linear guide, and an irradiation target 53 is mounted on the moving table 23 so as to be rotatable in the horizontal direction. The aiming point 52 of the irradiation target 53 is positioned at a predetermined position on the radius R with the measured reference point 102 as the center.

  A plurality of magnets 28 are attached to the lower surface of the support base 21 as described above. Further, positioning guides 24 and 25 are attached to both ends of the support base 21 with bolts or the like so as to be in contact with the side surface to be measured, for example, the horizontal partition wall 62 and the hopper 63 of the cargo hold without any gap. In addition, since the target holding device 20 is set at the corner of the measurement target, a device in which the angles of the support base 21 and the positioning guides 24 and 25 are determined according to the three-dimensional angle formed by the corner is used. To do.

  An irradiation target 53 is mounted on the moving table 23 so as to be rotatable in the horizontal direction. The irradiation target 53 has an aiming point 52 when the laser distance meter 50 emits laser light, and the aiming point 52 is preferably provided on the center line of the horizontal axis 26 of the irradiation target 53. Further, the irradiation target 53 is provided with an angle adjusting means 27 including an adjusting screw 27a and a graduated disk 27b in order to finely adjust the rotation angle in the horizontal direction. The graduated disk 27b is normally set to a zero scale position. The graduated disc 27b is provided with an operation lever 27c.

  Further, the moving table 23 is provided with a positioning means 29 for the irradiation target 53 as described above. The positioning means 29 is configured as an index type, and includes a positioning pin 29a with a knob urged downward by a spring (not shown) on the moving base 23, and a plurality of holes 29b provided in the support base 21 in advance. It consists of and. The plurality of holes 29b are provided on an arc centered on the reference point 102 to be measured, and are respectively set corresponding to the angle θ (see FIG. 7) of the diagonal line to be measured. The positioning means 29 may not necessarily be of a preset type, and may be set at an arbitrary angle by a set bolt or the like.

  Next, the procedure in the case of measuring the distance between two points using the spatial distance measuring device of the present embodiment configured as described above will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 7 is an explanatory view schematically showing a case where the distance of the diagonal line AC of the bottom surface 61 of the cargo hold shown in FIG. 12, for example, is measured. However, in FIGS. 7 and 10, the support bases 1 and 21, the arc-shaped rails 2 and 22, the positioning means 9 and 29, the positioning guides 11, 12, 24, and 25 are not shown. FIG. 8 is a schematic external view of the laser distance meter holding device 10, and FIG. 9 is a schematic external view of the target holding device 20. FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram for measuring the length Lab of the side AB, for example.

(Procedure 1)
The laser distance meter holding device 10 is set at the corner A of the cargo hold bottom 61. At this time, one positioning guide 11 is applied to the surface of the horizontal partition wall 62 and the other positioning guide 12 is applied to the surface of the hopper 63 so that the laser distance meter holding device 10 is installed and fixed by the magnet 14.

(Procedure 2)
The movable table 3 is moved along the arc-shaped rail 2, and the movable table 3 is fixed by fitting the positioning pin 9a into the hole 9b at the position of the predetermined angle θ.

(Procedure 3)
Next, the target holding device 20 is set at the corner C facing the corner A. At this time, similarly, the target holding device 20 is installed with one positioning guide 24 applied to the surface of the horizontal partition wall 62 and the other positioning guide 25 applied to the surface of the hopper 63, and fixed by the magnet 28.

(Procedure 4)
Then, the moving table 23 of the target holding device 20 is moved along the arc-shaped rail 22, and the moving table 23 is fixed by fitting the positioning pin 29a into the hole 29b at the position of the predetermined angle θ.

(Procedure 5)
The laser distance meter 50 is turned on to irradiate laser light.

(Procedure 6)
The laser distance meter 50 is rotated in the horizontal and vertical directions to guide the laser beam to the irradiation target 53 on the target holding device 20. At this time, if necessary, the horizontal rotation angle and the vertical rotation angle are finely adjusted using the adjusting screws 7a and 8a of the angle adjusting means 7 and 8, respectively.

(Procedure 7)
Similarly, the irradiation target 53 of the target holding device 20 is rotated in the horizontal direction and adjusted so that the laser beam faces the irradiation target 53. At this time, the horizontal rotation angle is finely adjusted by the adjusting screw 27 a of the angle adjusting means 27, and the laser beam is adjusted to the aiming point 52 of the irradiation target 53.

(Procedure 8)
As described above, when the positioning adjustment of the laser distance meter holding device 10 and the target holding device 20 is completed, the indication value of the laser distance meter 50 is read and the distance L1 between the measurement origin 51 and the aiming point 52 is measured.

(Procedure 9)
A value obtained by adding the offset value ΔL (= R) of each of the laser distance meter holding device 10 and the target holding device 20 to the indicated value of the laser distance meter 50 is two points of the measurement reference point 101 and the measurement reference point 102. This is the distance Lac, that is, the length Lac of the diagonal line AC.
That is, Lac = L + 2 × ΔL
Is required.

Next, for example, when measuring the length Lab of the side AB, as shown in FIG. 10, the target holding device 20 is set at the corner B to be measured in the procedure 3. Further, in the procedure 2 and the procedure 4, the movable tables 3 and 23 of the laser distance meter holding device 10 and the target holding device 20 have a predetermined diagonal angle θ (θ is known) close to the horizontal partition wall 62 side. Position to position. Thereafter, steps 5 to 8 are the same as above, and in step 9, the length Lab of side AB is
Lab = L1 + 2 × ΔL
= L1 + 2 × R cos θ
Is required.
In this way, when measuring the sides AB, BC, CD, DA, etc., the measurement is performed at an angular position where the movable bases 3 and 23 do not interfere with the side surface of the object to be measured, and the offset value ΔL is obtained by the cosine value of the angle. Need to be corrected. With respect to other members of the DUT 60, the dimensions of each part can be accurately measured according to the above procedure.

According to the spatial distance measuring device of the present embodiment, there are the following effects.
(1) Since the laser distance meter holding device 10 and the target holding device 20 are accurately set at the corner of the measurement object, one measurement reference point 101 and the other measurement reference point 102 are accurately set. Even if the reference points 101 and 102 are hidden by a weld bead or the like and are unclear, the distance between the two points of the reference points 101 and 102 can be easily and accurately measured by the laser distance meter 50.
(2) Since the moving table 3 equipped with the laser distance meter 50 and the moving table 23 equipped with the irradiation target move on the radius while maintaining a certain distance around the reference points 101 and 102, respectively, The length of the diagonal line and each side can be accurately measured corresponding to the angle angle θ.
(3) The laser distance meter 50 is rotatable in the horizontal and vertical directions around the vertical axis 6 and the horizontal axis 5, and angle adjusting means 7 and 8 for finely adjusting the horizontal rotation angle and the vertical rotation angle are provided. Since the other irradiation target is rotatable in the horizontal direction around the vertical axis 26 and is provided with angle adjusting means 27 for finely adjusting the horizontal rotation angle, the laser distance meter 50 and the irradiation target 53 are provided. Can be positioned in a directly-facing state according to the diagonal angle, and the laser beam can be accurately aligned with the aiming point 52 even if the surface of the member on which the holding devices 10 and 20 are installed is deformed.
(4) Since the positioning guides 11, 12, 24, and 25 that contact the side surface of the measurement target are provided at both ends of each of the support bases 1 and 21, the holding devices 10 and 20 are held by these positioning guides. It is possible to accurately set at the corner of the measurement object, and to set each reference point 101, 102 accurately.
(5) Since the lower surfaces of the support bases 1 and 21 are provided with adsorption fixing means such as magnets 14 and 28, not only the bottom surface but also the side surface and the ceiling surface can be easily, easily and stably provided. The holding devices 10 and 20 can be installed.
(6) As described above, the three-dimensional shape of a large structure such as a tank or a hull shape can be stably and accurately measured with high accuracy.

  In the present embodiment, the holding devices 10 and 20 are all manually operated, but may be configured semi-automatically or fully automatically. However, the manual one is preferable from the viewpoint of cost and handling.

The top view of the laser distance meter holding | maintenance apparatus of the spatial distance measuring apparatus of this invention. The front view of a laser distance meter holding | maintenance apparatus. The side view of a laser distance meter holding | maintenance apparatus. The top view of the target holding | maintenance apparatus of the spatial distance measuring apparatus of this invention. The front view of a target holding device. The side view of a target holding device. Explanatory drawing of the measuring method in the case of measuring diagonal length. The schematic external view of a laser distance meter holding | maintenance apparatus. 1 is a schematic external view of a target holding device. Explanatory drawing of the measuring method in the case of measuring the length of a side. The measurement point conceptual diagram of a laser distance meter. Explanatory drawing of the shape explanation of a hold and the diagonal measurement of the bottom of a hold. The enlarged view of the A section of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Support stand, 2 arc-shaped rail, 3 Moving stand, 4 Holder, 5 Horizontal axis, 6 Vertical axis, 7 Angle adjustment means, 8 Angle adjustment means, 9 Positioning means, 10 Laser distance meter holding device, 11 Positioning guide, 12 Positioning guide, 14 magnet, 20 target holding device, 21 support base, 22 arc-shaped rail, 23 moving base, 24 positioning guide, 25 positioning guide, 26 vertical axis, 27 angle adjusting means, 28 magnet, 29 positioning means, 50 laser Distance meter, 51 Measurement origin, 52 Aiming point, 53 Irradiation target, 60 Object to be measured, 101 Measurement reference point, 102 Measurement reference point

Claims (9)

In an apparatus for measuring the distance between two points using a laser distance meter,
Laser distance meter holding that allows the laser distance meter to move while keeping the distance from the measurement reference point to the measurement origin of the laser distance meter constant, where the intersection of the two extended lines at both ends is defined as the measurement reference point Equipment,
An intersection of two extended lines at both ends is defined as a reference point to be measured, and a target holding device is provided that enables the irradiation target to move while keeping the distance from the reference point to be measured constant. Spatial distance measuring device.   The laser distance meter holding device includes a support base having the measurement reference point, and a movable base on which the laser distance meter is mounted and movable on a radius centering on the measurement reference point. The spatial distance measuring device according to claim 1.   The target holding device includes a support base having the measurement reference point, and a movable base on which the irradiation target is mounted and movable on a radius centering on the measurement reference point. The spatial distance measuring device according to claim 1.   The laser rangefinder holding device is capable of rotating the laser rangefinder in a horizontal and vertical direction on a moving mechanism centering on the measurement origin, and determining a horizontal rotation angle and a vertical rotation angle of the laser rangefinder. 3. The spatial distance measuring device according to claim 1, further comprising angle adjusting means for fine adjustment.   The target holding device includes an angle adjustment unit that allows the irradiation target to rotate in a horizontal direction on a moving mechanism centered on the aiming point, and finely adjusts a horizontal rotation angle of the irradiation target. The spatial distance measuring device according to claim 1 or 3.   5. The positioning device for positioning the moving table of the laser distance meter holding device at a predetermined position or an arbitrary position on a radius centered on the measurement reference point. The described spatial distance measuring device.   6. A positioning means is provided for positioning the moving table of the target holding device at a predetermined position or an arbitrary position on a radius centered on the reference point to be measured. Spatial distance measuring device.   The positioning guide which contacts the side surface of a measurement object was provided in the both ends of the said support stand of each of the said laser distance meter holding | maintenance apparatus and the said target holding | maintenance apparatus. Spatial distance measuring device. The spatial distance according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a suction fixing means detachably attached to a measurement object is provided on a lower surface of each support base of each of the laser distance meter holding device and the target holding device. Measuring device.

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