JP2007521002A - Cultivation method of edible mushrooms using food waste - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for producing a medium for cultivation of edible mushrooms and a method for cultivating mushrooms using the medium are provided. This method is characterized in that the pH is adjusted to 5 to 7 by adding an alkaline substance when adjusting the water content. According to the present invention, food waste can be processed without causing damage to the environment, and it can contribute to the income improvement of mushroom farmers.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for cultivating edible mushrooms using food waste.

  Mushrooms are taxonomic microorganisms belonging to Basidiomycetes, and most of them are edible except for toxic ones. These mushrooms are high-protein foods that will be replaced by meat in the future, and are expected to contribute greatly to improving dietary habits and become the main agricultural product next to main grains in human life.

  Conventional mushroom cultivation has been carried out by inoculating inoculum by making holes in logs such as persimmons, poplars, persimmons, persimmons according to the type of mushrooms (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication Nos. 60-62918, 61-268109 62-186726), and there was a problem that a stable supply of raw wood could not be achieved and a large labor force was required. Therefore, recently, an improved cultivation method has been proposed. Examples thereof include methods such as bottle cultivation, box cultivation and bag cultivation in a cultivation shed using sawdust as a substrate (Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 46-40169 and 48). -39540, 49-41076, 50-10222, 60-58017, 61-47122, 62-285730, etc.).

  On the other hand, waste from various agricultural products peculiar to each country and region may have been used as a medium component for mushroom cultivation. Examples of this include sweet potato used in India (Sivaprakasam, K.and TK Kandaswamy, Waste materials for the cultivation of Pleurotus sajor-caju.Mushroom J. 101: 178-179 (1981), Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 47-22768, 48-2179, 61-21038, etc.), banana leaves used in the Philippines (Quimio, TH, Physiological consideration of Auricularia spp. In tropical mushrooms; Biological nature and cultivation methods. Eds. ST Chang and TH Quimio. The Chinese University Press [1982]. Hong Kong. Pp. 397-408.

  Food waste refers to food waste that is left over and thrown away. Korean food, in particular, has a high moisture content and high salt content. Food waste may be reprocessed and recycled as feed and compost because it is nutritionally superior, but most of it is currently landfilled.

  However, landfill requires very large land, and soil and groundwater contamination by leachate after landfill is a problem. In addition, recycling animal feed can lead to mad cow disease caused by animal foods, and composting for crops increases soil salinity and ultimately sustains farm management. Leads to problems that make it impossible.

  Therefore, the method of cultivating mushrooms using food waste is advantageous for both food waste treatment and mushroom cultivation, but food waste has a high water content and contains a lot of residual by-products other than organic matter. There is a problem that it is not suitable for growing mushrooms.

  In order to overcome this kind of problem and establish a method for cultivating mushrooms using food waste, Korean Registered Patent Publication No. 10-0189644 (published on January 18, 1999) uses food that uses edible mushrooms. Have disclosed a method for waste disposal.

  In this method, in order to reduce the moisture content of food waste, it is described that the fiber source is mixed 1/2 to 2 times the food waste volume. Since the content of the source is too high, it becomes uneconomical, and when cultivating mushrooms under the above conditions, there is a problem that the fungus does not grow to an extent that is economical.

  The present invention is to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a medium in which edible mushrooms can grow well and cultivating edible mushrooms using the medium.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an edible mushroom by removing foreign substances from crushed food waste, crushing, adding a fiber source or sawdust to adjust the water content, sterilizing and cooling. In the method for cultivating edible mushrooms, which is produced by inoculating and cultivating mushrooms after incubating a medium for cultivation of the food, the adjustment of the water content is performed by comparing the crushed food waste with the dry weight of the crushed food waste 0.04 to 0.07 parts by weight of fiber source is added, and after 10 to 60 minutes, 0.30 to 0.35 parts by weight of sawdust is added to the dry weight of the crushed food waste, and an alkaline substance is added. To adjust the pH to 5.0 to 7.0; the sterilization and cooling are performed after sterilizing the medium adjusted to pH 5.0 to 7.0 by adding the alkaline substance. 1 in 24 hours The culture is carried out by inoculating edible mushrooms in the inoculation room while maintaining the cooled medium at 16-18 ° C. and culturing at a temperature of 19-21 ° C. in the culture room. An edible mushroom cultivation method using food waste characterized by comprising the following:

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

  The food waste used in the present invention may be any uneaten food collected from a place where humans live, and can be used regardless of its properties.

  Usually, food waste contains a lot of non-organic foreign matter and is not suitable for the growth of mushrooms. Therefore, in the present invention, non-organic substances that cannot grow mushrooms are separated from food waste and then ground to an appropriate size. The size of the pulverized product is preferably 1 mm at the minimum and 10 cm at the maximum. This is because, within this pulverization range, the accessibility of mushrooms to use the substrate is excellent.

  The moisture content of crushed food waste is usually 80-90% (w / w) or more when based on Korea, but this is not the proper moisture content at which mushrooms can grow. It must be adjusted to the proper moisture content that allows the mushrooms to grow.

  In order for mushrooms to grow economically, the water content in the medium should be 50-70% (w / w), most preferably 60-65% (w / w).

  Moreover, even if the water content is adjusted as described above, since the bacteria cannot grow to the extent that it is economical without adjusting the pH of the food waste, it is necessary to adjust the pH of the food waste.

  Generally, the pH of the collected food waste is 5.0 or less, which is not suitable for the growth of mushrooms, and must be adjusted to 5.0 to 7.0, which is an appropriate pH for growth.

  When the pH is less than 5.0, the growth of bacteria is not sufficient due to high acidity, and when the pH exceeds 7.0, the growth of bacteria is not sufficient due to low acidity, resulting in both cases Neither can be economical (see Experimental Example 1 below).

  Therefore, in this invention, the pH of the food waste used as the mushroom growth medium is adjusted to a range of 5.0 to 7.0, which is an appropriate pH.

  Thus, in order to adjust the pH to 5.0 to 7.0, an appropriate amount of an alkaline substance is added in the present invention. Calcium carbonate, lime, etc. are preferably used as the alkaline substance, but products sold for agricultural use, industrial use or pharmaceutical use may also be used, with alkaline ions sold for reagents. The pH may be adjusted using the reagents used.

  On the other hand, in order to adjust the moisture content of the crushed food waste, dry materials may be mixed. However, in the present invention, a fiber source capable of growing mushrooms is mixed as a moisture regulator. This fiber source is preferably a by-product dried after removing the main product from annual or perennial herbs such as cotton, corn, sweet potato, rice, wheat, beans, or dried without removing the main product. These may be used alone or in combination. In the present invention, the fiber source is temporarily added in an amount of 0.04 to 0.07 parts by weight with respect to the dry weight of crushed food waste, and the water content is adjusted to 65 to 75% (w / w). To do.

  After adjusting the water content in this way, 0.30 to 0.35 parts by weight are further added to the dry weight of the food waste from which sawdust is crushed, and the water content is adjusted to 50 to 70% (w / w). To do.

  Here, the sawdust is preferably made of fallen deciduous trees, but more preferably, it is made of evergreen trees. When using sawdust made from evergreen trees, the sawdust is used after fermentation.

  Since the fiber source and sawdust absorb moisture differently, if they are added at the same time, the residual moisture content becomes non-uniform, causing problems during sterilization. Therefore, sawdust is further added after 10 to 60 minutes from the addition of the fiber source so that the fiber source sufficiently absorbs moisture.

  If the addition time interval is shorter than 10 minutes, the moisture content is not uniformly adjusted, which causes a problem during the subsequent sterilization process. On the other hand, since the moisture is sufficiently absorbed by the fiber source after 60 minutes at the most, it is economically undesirable to exceed 60 minutes.

  On the other hand, in the present invention, the dry fiber source of annual or perennial herbs, and the mixing ratio of sawdust, which is blended with crushed food waste to adjust the water content to 50-70% (w / w) in the final, Based on 1 kg of crushed food waste, the following was performed.

以上の本発明の方法によって用意された水分含量５０〜７０％（ｗ／ｗ）、ｐＨ５．０〜７．０の培地を使って通常の方法で各種のキノコを栽培できるが、好ましくは、下記の方法でキノコを栽培する。

Various mushrooms can be cultivated by a normal method using a medium having a water content of 50 to 70% (w / w) and pH 5.0 to 7.0 prepared by the method of the present invention. Cultivate mushrooms by the method.

  First, for cultivation of mushrooms, the medium whose water and pH are adjusted by the method of the present invention is packed into bottles and bags using a bottling machine and bagging machine used by existing mushroom farmers.

  In order to bring the bottled and bagged medium to the optimum conditions for the growth of mushrooms, the medium must be sterilized. This medium sterilization operation may be performed by a normal method, but preferably one of the following four methods is used.

  In the first method, the temperature of the medium inside the sterilizer is raised to the range of 90 to 99 ° C. within 1 hour using steam, and then sterilized for 3 to 6 hours while maintaining this temperature.

  In the second method, the temperature of the medium inside the sterilizer is raised to a range of 101 to 110 ° C. within 1 hour using steam, and then sterilized for 3 to 6 hours while maintaining this temperature.

  The third method is to raise the temperature of the medium inside the sterilizer to the range of 101 to 110 ° C. within 1 hour using steam and maintain this temperature for 1 to 2 hours, and then raise the temperature to 121 ° C. again. Sterilize for 1-2 hours while maintaining this temperature.

  In the fourth method, the temperature of the medium inside the sterilizer is increased to 121 ° C. using steam and sterilized while maintaining this temperature for 2 to 5 hours.

  The sterilized medium is preferably cooled to 18-20 ° C., which is the appropriate temperature for inoculation within 24 hours. The cooled medium is preferably inoculated with mushroom fungi (Hiraiso, Aoi, Shinmatsutake, Shiitake mushroom) in accordance with the purpose in an inoculation room maintained at a normal temperature of 16-18 ° C. When inoculation is completed, the medium is transferred to the culture chamber and cultured.

  The culture chamber is preferably maintained at a temperature of 19 to 21 ° C. and a humidity of less than 40%. The culture period varies depending on the inoculated mushroom, and the culture is completed in 25 to 35 days for flat mushrooms and mushrooms, 30 to 45 days for Shinmatsu mushrooms, and 80 to 120 days for shiitake mushrooms.

  When the culture is completed, the medium grows and grows when the appropriate temperature, humidity, light, and ventilation are adjusted for each mushroom. The life span of mushrooms varies slightly for each mushroom, but the method currently applied by mushroom farmers can be applied as it is. That is, it takes 10 to 15 days for flat pods and cocoons, 13 to 17 days for Shinmatsu mushrooms, and 10 to 90 days for shiitake mushrooms.

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to specific examples.

Examples 1-3: Production of the medium of the present invention for edible mushroom cultivation 1 kg of food waste collected from Yongin City (Gyeonggi-do, Korea) and crushed to a size of 1 cm after removing foreign substances (non-organic substances) To (dry weight), 0.07 kg (dry weight) of a by-product obtained by removing cotton from the cotton tree and drying was added. After 40 minutes, 0.33 kg of poplar sawdust was added.

  Subsequently, calcium carbonate was added to food waste to which the cotton tree by-product and poplar sawdust were added, and the pH was adjusted to 6 in Example 1, 5 in Example 2, and 7 in Example 3. .

  The culture medium for edible mushroom cultivation of this invention was manufactured by said method.

Example 4: Cultivation of flat koji using the medium produced in Examples 1-3 The medium produced in Examples 1-3 above was packed into each bag using a normal bagging machine. The medium after completion of bagging was placed in a sterilizer, the temperature of the medium inside the sterilizer was raised to 95 ° C. within 1 hour using steam, and then sterilized for at least 4 hours while maintaining this temperature.

  After 12 hours, this was adjusted to 18 ° C. using a refrigerator. In the inoculation room always maintained at 18 ° C., the cooled medium was inoculated with 20 g of Aspergillus oryzae.

After inoculation, the cells were cultured for 30 days while maintaining the temperature in the culture chamber at 20 ° C. and the humidity at 35%. After culturing, sputum was developed under normal conditions. That is, it was grown for 12 days under the conditions of a temperature of 15 ° C., a moisture of 85%, a light intensity enough to read a newspaper, and CO ₂ of 1000 ppm.

Example 5: Cultivation of grapes using the medium produced in Examples 1 to 3 The medium produced in Examples 1 to 3 was packed into each bag using a normal bagging machine. The medium after completion of bagging was placed in a sterilizer, the temperature of the medium inside the sterilizer was raised to 95 ° C. within 1 hour using steam, and then sterilized for at least 4 hours while maintaining this temperature.

  After 12 hours, this was adjusted to 18 ° C. using a refrigerator. In the inoculation room always maintained at 18 ° C., the cooled medium was inoculated with 20 g of Bacillus inoculum.

After inoculation, the cells were cultured for 30 days while maintaining the temperature in the culture chamber at 20 ° C. and the humidity at 35%. After culturing, wrinkles were generated under normal conditions. That is, it was grown for 12 days under the conditions of a temperature of 15 ° C., a water content of 85%, a light intensity lower than that of Example 2, and CO ₂ of 1000 ppm.

Example 6: Cultivation of Shinmatsutake using the medium produced in Examples 1 to 3 The medium produced in Examples 1 to 3 was packed into each bag using a normal bagging machine. The medium after completion of bagging was placed in a sterilizer, and the temperature of the medium inside the sterilizer was increased to 95 ° C. within 1 hour using steam, and then sterilized for at least 4 hours while maintaining this temperature.

  After 12 hours, this was adjusted to 18 ° C. using a refrigerator. In the inoculation room always maintained at 18 ° C., the cooled medium was inoculated with 20 g of parent pine inoculum.

After inoculation, the cells were cultured for 40 days while maintaining the temperature in the culture chamber at 20 ° C. and the humidity at 35%. After culturing, Oyster pine buds were germinated under normal conditions. That is, it was grown for 12 days under the conditions of a temperature of 18 ° C., a moisture content of 85%, a light intensity enough to read a newspaper, and CO ₂ of 1000 ppm.

Example 7: Cultivation of shiitake mushrooms using the medium produced in Examples 1 to 3 The medium produced in Examples 1 to 3 was packed into each bag using a normal bagging machine. The medium after completion of bagging was placed in a sterilizer, and the temperature of the medium inside the sterilizer was increased to 95 ° C. within 1 hour using steam, and then sterilized for at least 4 hours while maintaining this temperature.

  After 12 hours, this was adjusted to 18 ° C. using a refrigerator. The cooled medium was inoculated with 20 g of shiitake inoculum in an inoculation room constantly maintained at 18 ° C.

After inoculation, the cells were cultured for 90 days while maintaining the temperature in the culture chamber at 20 ° C. and the humidity at 35%. After culture, shiitake mushrooms were spawned under normal conditions. That is, it was grown for 12 days under the conditions of a temperature of 15 ° C., a moisture of 85%, a light intensity enough to read a newspaper, and CO ₂ of 1000 ppm.

Experimental Example 1: Amount of fruiting body formed by the method of Examples 2-5 due to change in pH The amount of mushrooms cultivated in Examples 4-7 above and the medium used in Examples 1-3 The cultivation was carried out in Comparative Example 1 (the pH of the medium was 4.0) and Comparative Example 2 (the pH of the medium was 8.0) in the same manner as in Examples 4 to 7 except that the pH was as shown in Table 2 below. Comparison with the amount of mushrooms made is shown in Table 2 below.

  The numerical value described in the following Table 2 means the ratio of the production amount of the fruiting body produced relative to the weight of the inoculated inoculum.

  Numbers are averaged ± S. E.

一般に、キノコの栽培における経済性側面では、培地に接種した種菌量に対して、平茸及び新松茸は５倍、椎茸及び榎茸は１０倍程度の子実体収穫量を得なければならないが、本発明の実施例であるｐＨ５．０〜７．０の範囲内では経済性を満たしている。
以上では本発明を具体的な例を挙げて説明してきたが、これら具体例に限定されず、請求範囲で請求する本発明の要旨を逸脱しない限度内で種々の変形実施が可能であるということは、当該技術分野における通常の知識をもつ者にとっては明らかである。

In general, in the economical aspect of mushroom cultivation, it is necessary to obtain a fruiting body yield of about 5 times for Hiraiso and Shinmatsu mushrooms and about 10 times for Shiitake mushrooms and mushrooms, relative to the amount of inoculum on the medium. In the range of pH 5.0 to 7.0, which is an example of the present invention, economy is satisfied.
The present invention has been described with specific examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these specific examples, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention claimed in the claims. Is obvious to those with ordinary knowledge in the art.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is an epoch-making method capable of treating food waste without causing environmental pollution and improving the income of mushroom cultivation farmers, and has the effect of greatly contributing to both the environmental industry and the mushroom cultivation industry. It is done.

Claims (2)

After removing foreign substances from crushed food waste, pulverizing, adding a fiber source or sawdust to adjust the moisture content, sterilizing and cooling to produce a medium for edible mushroom cultivation, then mushrooms In the cultivation method of edible mushrooms inoculated with bacteria and cultured,
The moisture content is adjusted by adding 0.04 to 0.07 part by weight of a fiber source to the crushed food waste and 10 to 60 minutes after the crushed food waste. By adding 0.30 to 0.35 parts by weight of sawdust and adjusting the pH to 5 to 7 by adding an alkaline substance;
The sterilization and cooling is performed by sterilizing a medium whose pH is adjusted to 5 to 7 by adding the alkaline substance, and then cooling to 18 to 20 ° C. within 24 hours;
The culturing is performed by inoculating edible mushrooms in an inoculation room while maintaining a cooled medium at 16 to 18 ° C., and culturing at a temperature of 19 to 21 ° C. in the culture room. Method of edible mushrooms using rice.   The method for cultivating edible mushrooms using food waste according to claim 1, wherein the edible mushroom fungus is any one selected from flat mushrooms, persimmons, Shinmatsu mushrooms, and shiitake mushrooms.