JP2007519514A - 硫化物イオンを含まない水性環境中の貴金属硫化物触媒の合成 - Google Patents
硫化物イオンを含まない水性環境中の貴金属硫化物触媒の合成 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2007519514A JP2007519514A JP2006550077A JP2006550077A JP2007519514A JP 2007519514 A JP2007519514 A JP 2007519514A JP 2006550077 A JP2006550077 A JP 2006550077A JP 2006550077 A JP2006550077 A JP 2006550077A JP 2007519514 A JP2007519514 A JP 2007519514A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- noble metal
- sulfide
- solution
- sulfur species
- catalyst
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- -1 sulfide ions Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S([S-])(=O)=O DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940075933 dithionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- RDYMFSUJUZBWLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N endosulfan Chemical compound C12COS(=O)OCC2C2(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C1(Cl)C2(Cl)Cl RDYMFSUJUZBWLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JEIULZGUODBGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-L trisulfane-1,3-disulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)SSSS([O-])(=O)=O JEIULZGUODBGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- KRURGYOKPVLRHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L trithionate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)SS([O-])(=O)=O KRURGYOKPVLRHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 5
- BVJAAVMKGRODCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenerhodium Chemical compound [Rh]=S BVJAAVMKGRODCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000009102 absorption Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940046892 lead acetate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- HAEPBEMBOAIUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium tetrathionate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)SSS([O-])(=O)=O HAEPBEMBOAIUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- CXVCSRUYMINUSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrathiomolybdate(2-) Chemical compound [S-][Mo]([S-])(=S)=S CXVCSRUYMINUSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- DUDJJJCZFBPZKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ru]=S Chemical compound [Ru]=S DUDJJJCZFBPZKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000028161 membrane depolarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurothioic S-acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=S DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 230000010757 Reduction Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- OIENHJCGDAGWEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ir]=S Chemical class [Ir]=S OIENHJCGDAGWEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGWVXDWBTROMFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Rh]=S.[Ru] Chemical compound [Rh]=S.[Ru] OGWVXDWBTROMFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPPQDPIIWDQYRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ru].[Rh] Chemical compound [Ru].[Rh] YPPQDPIIWDQYRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWUDHYDXPZUANY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [S].[Mo].[Rh] Chemical compound [S].[Mo].[Rh] KWUDHYDXPZUANY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XYXNTHIYBIDHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium thiosulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S XYXNTHIYBIDHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052798 chalcogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001787 chalcogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002999 depolarising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000840 electrochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010574 gas phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KOUKXHPPRFNWPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC(=O)C1=CN=C(C(O)=O)C=N1 KOUKXHPPRFNWPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013341 scale-up Methods 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPQYKCJIWQFJMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrathionic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)SSS(O)(=O)=O HPQYKCJIWQFJMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUKQRDCYNOVPGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioacetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=S YUKQRDCYNOVPGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioacetamide Natural products CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRURGYOKPVLRHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trithionic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)SS(O)(=O)=O KRURGYOKPVLRHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/04—Sulfides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/04—Sulfides
- B01J27/043—Sulfides with iron group metals or platinum group metals
- B01J27/045—Platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/04—Sulfides
- B01J27/047—Sulfides with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
- B01J27/051—Molybdenum
- B01J27/0515—Molybdenum with iron group metals or platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/20—Sulfiding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
- C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous
- C25B11/031—Porous electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8807—Gas diffusion layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/9083—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/04—Sulfides
- B01J27/047—Sulfides with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
- B01J27/051—Molybdenum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/613—10-100 m2/g
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
貴金属カルコゲン化物は、電極触媒作用の分野において広く知られている;特にロジウム及びルテニウム硫化物基材の電極触媒は、現時点で、塩酸の脱分極電気分解のような高度に攻撃的な環境における酸素還元カソードとして使用するための、ガス拡散電極構造物中に組込まれている。
硫化水素を含まない水性環境中の沈殿による、そして硫化物イオン種を本質的に含まない、所望により炭素粒子に支持された、貴金属硫化物触媒を提供することが、本発明の目的である。
一つの側面において、本発明は、対応する貴金属前駆体、好ましくは塩化物を、水溶液中の硫黄種と反応させることによって得られる、好ましくは高表面積のカーボンブラックに支持された貴金属硫化物触媒に関する;高表面積のカーボンブラックによって、50m2/gを超える表面積を持つカーボンブラック種を意図する。硫黄種によって、チオ硫酸、チオン酸及びこれらの酸誘導体のようなチオ官能基を含有するいずれもの化学種を意図する。好ましい態様において、反応は、硫化物イオンを本質的に含まない水溶液中で行われる。本発明の触媒は、いずれもの貴金属の硫化物、或いは少なくとも一つの貴金属及び一つ又はそれより多い補助元素の混合硫化物であることさえできる;好ましい態様において、このような貴金属は、ルテニウム、ロジウム、白金、イリジウム及びパラジウムの群から選択される。
S2O3 −2+H2O → S−2+SO4 2−+2H+
硫化物を形成することができることが知られている。
S2O3 −2 → S−2・SO3
によって非等価であるS2O3 −2種のメタセシスとしても知られる、部分的不均化のそれであることを観察している。
2H++S2O3 −2 → S0+SO2+H2O
が起こるものである。
ここに記載されるものは、硫化物イオンを含まない酸性水溶液からの炭素上の硫化ロジウムを沈殿させる方法である。他の貴金属硫化物触媒(ルテニウム、白金、パラジウム又はイリジウムの硫化物のような)の沈殿反応は、当業者によって容易に誘導することができる重要ではない調節のみを必要とする。
先の実施例の一つと同等な硫化ロジウム触媒を、同様な方法で調製し、差は、テトラチオン酸ナトリウムを、チオ硫酸アンモニウムの代わりに、硫黄種として使用したことである。
ロジウム−モリブデン硫化物触媒を、以下の方法によって調製した:500ml中に、250mlの事前に還流したRhCl3・H2Oの3g/lの溶液を加えた(約0.75gのRh、0.0073モルに相当)。3.37gのCarbot Corporationから入手した高表面積のカーボンブラックVulcan XC72−Rを溶液に加え、そして混合物を1時間40℃で超音波処理した(炭素粒子を更に含有する貴金属前駆体溶液の調製)。1.9gのテトラチオモリブデン酸塩(NH4)MoS4を、70mlの脱イオン水で希釈した(第2の金属を含有する硫黄種の溶液の調製、この場合非貴金属チオン酸塩)。
ルテニウム−ロジウム硫化物触媒を、以下の方法によって調製した:500mlのビーカー中に、100mlの事前に還流したRuCl3・H2Oの12g/lの溶液(約1.2gのRu+3)及び100mlの事前に還流したRhCl3・H2Oの3g/lの溶液(約0.75gのRh)を、結果として約80%Ru及び20%Rhの重量比を伴って加えた。
Claims (18)
- 少なくとも一つの貴金属の前駆体を、硫黄種と、硫化物イオンを本質的に含まない水性環境中で反応させることによって得られる、貴金属硫化物触媒。
- 少なくとも一つの貴金属の前駆体を、硫黄種と、懸濁された炭素粒子を含有する、硫化物イオンを本質的に含まない水性環境で反応させることによって得られる、炭素支持貴金属硫化物触媒。
- 前記炭素粒子が、50m2/gを超える表面積を持つカーボンブラック粒子である、請求項2に記載の触媒。
- 前記水性環境のpHが、0.1ないし4間を含んでなる、請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載の触媒。
- 前記少なくとも一つの貴金属の前駆体が、貴金属塩化物である、請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載の触媒。
- 前記少なくとも一つの貴金属が、ルテニウム、ロジウム、白金、イリジウム及びパラジウムからなる群から選択される、請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載の触媒。
- 前記硫黄種が、チオ硫酸塩、ジチオン酸塩、トリチオン酸塩、テトラチオン酸塩、ペンタチオン酸塩、ヘプタチオン酸塩及び貴金属又は非貴金属チオン酸塩からなる群から選択される、請求項1ないし6のいずれか1項に記載の触媒。
- 更に150ないし700℃間を含んでなる温度における熱処理にかけられる、請求項7に記載の触媒。
- 伝導性ウェブ上に、請求項1ないし8のいずれか1項に記載の触媒を含んでなるガス拡散電極。
- 少なくとも一つの貴金属の前駆体、所望により塩化物の溶液を、硫黄種を含有する水溶液と、硫化物を本質的に含まない環境で反応させることを含んでなる、貴金属硫化物触媒を製造するための方法。
- 前記少なくとも一つの貴金属の前駆体の溶液及び前記硫黄種を含有する水溶液のpHが、0.1ないし4間を含んでなる、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも一つの貴金属の前駆体の溶液が、更に炭素粒子、所望により50m2/gを超える表面積を持つカーボンブラックを含有する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記硫黄種が、所望によりナトリウム又はアンモニウム塩としてのチオ硫酸塩、ジチオン酸塩、トリチオン酸塩、テトラチオン酸塩、ペンタチオン酸塩、ヘプタチオン酸塩及び貴金属又は非貴金属チオン酸塩からなる群から選択される、請求項10ないし12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記硫黄種を含有する水溶液が、前記貴金属の前駆体の溶液に個別のアリコート、所望により2ないし10当量のアリコートで、15秒ないし10分の時間間隔で加えられる、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記硫黄種を含有する水溶液が、前記少なくとも一つの貴金属の前駆体の溶液に加えられ、そして得られた溶液を、反応が完結するまで5ないし120分間沸騰温度にする、請求項10ないし14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記反応の完結が、色の変化の検出によって決定される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 更に、得られた貴金属硫化物触媒を単離し、そして同一物を、150ないし700℃間を含んでなる温度で熱処理にかけることを含んでなる、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも一つの貴金属が、ルテニウム、ロジウム、白金、イリジウム及びパラジウムからなる群から選択される、請求項10ないし17のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US53962704P | 2004-01-28 | 2004-01-28 | |
US60/539,627 | 2004-01-28 | ||
US10/877,005 | 2004-06-24 | ||
US10/877,005 US6967185B2 (en) | 2004-01-28 | 2004-06-24 | Synthesis of noble metal, sulphide catalysts in a sulfide ion-free aqueous environment |
PCT/EP2005/000713 WO2005075071A1 (en) | 2004-01-28 | 2005-01-25 | Synthesis of noble metal sulphilde catalysts in a sulphide ion-free aqueous environment |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2007519514A true JP2007519514A (ja) | 2007-07-19 |
JP4805168B2 JP4805168B2 (ja) | 2011-11-02 |
Family
ID=34798937
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006550077A Active JP4805168B2 (ja) | 2004-01-28 | 2005-01-25 | 硫化物イオンを含まない水性環境中の貴金属硫化物触媒の合成 |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6967185B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1708809B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4805168B2 (ja) |
KR (2) | KR101184888B1 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE507001T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2005210090B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0507119B1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2552864C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602005027658D1 (ja) |
DK (1) | DK1708809T3 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2363434T3 (ja) |
PL (1) | PL1708809T3 (ja) |
PT (1) | PT1708809E (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2358802C2 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI280894B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005075071A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2010519029A (ja) * | 2007-02-22 | 2010-06-03 | インドゥストリエ・デ・ノラ・ソチエタ・ペル・アツィオーニ | 酸素の電気化学的還元用の触媒 |
JP2011256090A (ja) * | 2010-06-11 | 2011-12-22 | Dowa Eco-System Co Ltd | 硫化鉄とその製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7879753B2 (en) * | 2003-05-27 | 2011-02-01 | Industrie De Nora S.P.A. | Catalyst for oxygen reduction |
US9315912B2 (en) * | 2006-11-29 | 2016-04-19 | Industrie De Nora S.P.A. | Carbon-supported metal sulphide catalyst for electrochemical oxygen reduction |
AU2011213716B2 (en) * | 2007-02-22 | 2013-06-13 | Industrie De Nora S.P.A. | Catalyst for electrochemical reduction of oxygen |
MX2010013279A (es) * | 2010-12-03 | 2012-06-08 | Ct Investig Materiales Avanzados Sc | Obtencion de catalizadores de mmos2 y m/mos2 con aditivo nanometrico de sio2 sintetizados en solucion acuosa asistida por ultrasonido. |
MX337013B (es) * | 2011-12-14 | 2015-12-15 | Ct Investig Materiales Avanzados Sc | Catalizadores masicos y soportados de sulfuro de rutenio promovido con alta actividad catalitica para reacciones de hidrotratamiento de hidrocarburos y su metodo de obtencion. |
MX337012B (es) * | 2011-12-14 | 2015-12-15 | Ct Investig Materiales Avanzados Sc | Catalizadores masicos y soportados de sulfuro de rutenio no-promovido con alta actividad catalitica para reacciones de hidrotratamiento de hidrocarburos y su metodo de obtenccion. |
CN103691456B (zh) * | 2013-12-30 | 2016-03-30 | 北京化工大学 | 炭黑负载Rh-Rh17S15催化剂及其制备方法 |
Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1066579A (en) * | 1963-11-12 | 1967-04-26 | Engelhard Ind Inc | Catalyst |
JPS5188478A (ja) * | 1974-12-20 | 1976-08-03 | ||
JPS5492588A (en) * | 1977-12-12 | 1979-07-21 | United Technologies Corp | Manufacture of platinum dispersed solution and platinum catalyst |
JPS56136985A (en) * | 1980-03-11 | 1981-10-26 | Oronzio De Nora Impianti | Precipitation of catalyst electrode on ion exchange diaphragm |
EP0289211A1 (en) * | 1987-04-22 | 1988-11-02 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Company Limited | Catalysts for hydrotreating hydrocarbons and method of activating the same |
JPH1147595A (ja) * | 1997-08-01 | 1999-02-23 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 電極触媒粉末の作製法 |
JP2003500548A (ja) * | 1999-05-27 | 2003-01-07 | デ・ノラ・エレートローディ・ソチエタ・ペル・アツィオーニ | 新規なロジウム電気触媒及び調製方法 |
WO2003040435A2 (en) * | 2001-11-07 | 2003-05-15 | De Nora Elettrodi S.P.A. | Rhodium electrocatalyst and method of preparation |
JP2003154272A (ja) * | 2001-11-21 | 2003-05-27 | Japan Science & Technology Corp | 多層薄膜状光触媒の作製方法、およびその多層薄膜状光触媒を用いた水素の製造方法 |
JP2003295448A (ja) * | 2002-03-29 | 2003-10-15 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd | 銀塩オフセット印刷原版 |
JP2005224800A (ja) * | 2005-03-14 | 2005-08-25 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | Pt系触媒およびそれを用いたメタノール燃料電池 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2838444A (en) * | 1955-02-21 | 1958-06-10 | Engelhard Ind Inc | Platinum-alumina catalyst manufacture |
JPS5511377B2 (ja) * | 1975-01-30 | 1980-03-25 | ||
US4513094A (en) * | 1983-06-20 | 1985-04-23 | United Technologies Corporation | Single-batch process to prepare noble metal vanadium alloy catalyst on a carbon based support |
JPH01210036A (ja) * | 1988-02-18 | 1989-08-23 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | 高表面積金属担持触媒の製造方法 |
US6686308B2 (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2004-02-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Supported nanoparticle catalyst |
US7879753B2 (en) * | 2003-05-27 | 2011-02-01 | Industrie De Nora S.P.A. | Catalyst for oxygen reduction |
-
2004
- 2004-06-24 US US10/877,005 patent/US6967185B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-01-25 DE DE602005027658T patent/DE602005027658D1/de active Active
- 2005-01-25 BR BRPI0507119-4A patent/BRPI0507119B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-01-25 PL PL05701174T patent/PL1708809T3/pl unknown
- 2005-01-25 JP JP2006550077A patent/JP4805168B2/ja active Active
- 2005-01-25 KR KR1020067015223A patent/KR101184888B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2005-01-25 WO PCT/EP2005/000713 patent/WO2005075071A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-01-25 KR KR1020127016539A patent/KR20120079183A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-01-25 AT AT05701174T patent/ATE507001T1/de active
- 2005-01-25 ES ES05701174T patent/ES2363434T3/es active Active
- 2005-01-25 EP EP05701174A patent/EP1708809B1/en active Active
- 2005-01-25 CA CA2552864A patent/CA2552864C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-01-25 PT PT05701174T patent/PT1708809E/pt unknown
- 2005-01-25 DK DK05701174.4T patent/DK1708809T3/da active
- 2005-01-25 RU RU2006130747/04A patent/RU2358802C2/ru active
- 2005-01-25 AU AU2005210090A patent/AU2005210090B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-01-28 TW TW094102568A patent/TWI280894B/zh active
Patent Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1066579A (en) * | 1963-11-12 | 1967-04-26 | Engelhard Ind Inc | Catalyst |
JPS5188478A (ja) * | 1974-12-20 | 1976-08-03 | ||
JPS5492588A (en) * | 1977-12-12 | 1979-07-21 | United Technologies Corp | Manufacture of platinum dispersed solution and platinum catalyst |
JPS56136985A (en) * | 1980-03-11 | 1981-10-26 | Oronzio De Nora Impianti | Precipitation of catalyst electrode on ion exchange diaphragm |
EP0289211A1 (en) * | 1987-04-22 | 1988-11-02 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Company Limited | Catalysts for hydrotreating hydrocarbons and method of activating the same |
JPH1147595A (ja) * | 1997-08-01 | 1999-02-23 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 電極触媒粉末の作製法 |
JP2003500548A (ja) * | 1999-05-27 | 2003-01-07 | デ・ノラ・エレートローディ・ソチエタ・ペル・アツィオーニ | 新規なロジウム電気触媒及び調製方法 |
WO2003040435A2 (en) * | 2001-11-07 | 2003-05-15 | De Nora Elettrodi S.P.A. | Rhodium electrocatalyst and method of preparation |
JP2003154272A (ja) * | 2001-11-21 | 2003-05-27 | Japan Science & Technology Corp | 多層薄膜状光触媒の作製方法、およびその多層薄膜状光触媒を用いた水素の製造方法 |
JP2003295448A (ja) * | 2002-03-29 | 2003-10-15 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd | 銀塩オフセット印刷原版 |
JP2005224800A (ja) * | 2005-03-14 | 2005-08-25 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | Pt系触媒およびそれを用いたメタノール燃料電池 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2010519029A (ja) * | 2007-02-22 | 2010-06-03 | インドゥストリエ・デ・ノラ・ソチエタ・ペル・アツィオーニ | 酸素の電気化学的還元用の触媒 |
JP2011256090A (ja) * | 2010-06-11 | 2011-12-22 | Dowa Eco-System Co Ltd | 硫化鉄とその製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL1708809T3 (pl) | 2011-09-30 |
KR20120079183A (ko) | 2012-07-11 |
JP4805168B2 (ja) | 2011-11-02 |
CA2552864C (en) | 2012-04-03 |
KR101184888B1 (ko) | 2012-09-21 |
EP1708809B1 (en) | 2011-04-27 |
DE602005027658D1 (de) | 2011-06-09 |
TWI280894B (en) | 2007-05-11 |
DK1708809T3 (da) | 2011-06-27 |
RU2006130747A (ru) | 2008-03-10 |
BRPI0507119B1 (pt) | 2015-08-04 |
TW200536609A (en) | 2005-11-16 |
US6967185B2 (en) | 2005-11-22 |
ATE507001T1 (de) | 2011-05-15 |
RU2358802C2 (ru) | 2009-06-20 |
WO2005075071A1 (en) | 2005-08-18 |
BRPI0507119A (pt) | 2007-06-19 |
ES2363434T3 (es) | 2011-08-04 |
KR20070004600A (ko) | 2007-01-09 |
EP1708809A1 (en) | 2006-10-11 |
PT1708809E (pt) | 2011-05-31 |
AU2005210090B2 (en) | 2009-06-11 |
CA2552864A1 (en) | 2005-08-18 |
AU2005210090A1 (en) | 2005-08-18 |
US20050164877A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP4805168B2 (ja) | 硫化物イオンを含まない水性環境中の貴金属硫化物触媒の合成 | |
DK2084309T3 (en) | METALSULPHIDE CATALYST SUPPORTED ON COOL FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF OXYGEN | |
US8258072B2 (en) | Catalyst for electrochemical reduction of oxygen | |
CN100428988C (zh) | 在不含二价硫离子的含水环境中贵金属硫化物催化剂的合成 | |
MXPA06008320A (en) | Synthesis of noble metal sulphilde catalysts in a sulphide ion-free aqueous environment | |
AU2011213716B2 (en) | Catalyst for electrochemical reduction of oxygen | |
BRPI0807555B1 (pt) | Catalisador para redução eletroquímica de oxigênio, eletrodo de difusão gasosa e processo para fabricação do dito catalisador |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20071031 |
|
A711 | Notification of change in applicant |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A712 Effective date: 20090521 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20110221 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20110519 |
|
A602 | Written permission of extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602 Effective date: 20110526 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20110621 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20110712 |
|
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20110810 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 4805168 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20140819 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |