JP2007500850A - マイクロ流体装置のパッケージング - Google Patents
マイクロ流体装置のパッケージング Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007500850A JP2007500850A JP2006532520A JP2006532520A JP2007500850A JP 2007500850 A JP2007500850 A JP 2007500850A JP 2006532520 A JP2006532520 A JP 2006532520A JP 2006532520 A JP2006532520 A JP 2006532520A JP 2007500850 A JP2007500850 A JP 2007500850A
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- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、生物学的試料、たとえば血液、尿などの分析を実施するために使用することができるマイクロ流体装置に関する。特に、本発明は、そのような装置のための材料及びそれらの構造に関する。
本発明は一般に、長期の貯蔵寿命を有するマイクロ流体装置に関する。乾燥試薬が適切なチャンバの中に配置され、その中で、汚染及び水分との接触による劣化から保護される。液体試薬などが、約100μL以下の有効容積を有するマイクロリザーバの中に配置され、マイクロ流体装置の中に封止されている。マイクロリザーバは、このような液体からの水分の逃散を装置の貯蔵寿命にわたって10%以下の率に制限することができる。いくつかの実施態様では、マイクロリザーバは、水分の逃散を所望のレベルに制限するのに十分な厚さの、低い水分透過率を有するプラスチックでできている。他の実施態様では、マイクロリザーバは、金属箔でできているか、金属化されたプラスチックフィルム又はプラスチック被覆された金属箔でできている。
マイクロ流体装置の概説
マイクロ流体装置は「チップ」と呼ばれることもある。これらの装置は一般に小さく平坦であり、典型的には約1〜2インチ四方の正方形(25〜50mm四方の正方形)又は同様なサイズの円板(たとえば半径25〜120mm)である。マイクロ流体チップに供給される試料の量は通常、少なく、すなわち約0.3〜1.5μLである。試料液は、幅が10〜500μm、好ましくは20〜100μmの範囲である毛管通路によって相互接続された一連のチャンバを通過して移動する。通路の最小許容深さは、試料の性質によって決めることができる。たとえば、深さは、通常は少なくとも5μmであるが、全血が試料である場合、少なくとも20μmである。
マイクロ流体装置は多くの潜在的用途を有する。本発明者らにとって特に興味深いものは、研究室からの分析結果を待つことなく情報を速やかに得るために患者の近くで実施される医療試験である。したがって、医学的状態をより速やかに診断し、治療を開始することができる。そのような試験の多くは血液及び尿の試料に対して実施されるが、唾液、髄液、胃液、水、精液及び老廃物流をはじめとする他のタイプの試料も試験されている。吸収性材料の上に配置された乾燥試薬がそのような試験にしばしば使用されるが、これらの試薬には欠点がある。マイクロ流体装置は、装置の中で分けておくことができる液体試薬を使用することにより、理論上、これらの欠点を解消することができる。このような装置は、他の試薬とも接触しない乾燥試薬を含むことができる。しかし、新たな課題が生じ、それが本発明で解決される。
理論上、マイクロ流体装置は多くの材料で製造することができるが、実際には、いくつかの理由からプラスチック材料が好ましい。装置は一般に使い捨てであるため、コストがもっとも明白な理由である。成形による製造方法によりそのような小さな装置を複製することができるので、プラスチック材料は大量生産にも有用である。また、脆くなって貯蔵又は取り扱いの際に簡単に破損する可能性が低い。しかし、これらの利点すべてを考慮しても、プラスチック材料が普遍的に受け入れられるわけではない。試薬と相互作用するおそれもあるし、試薬との間で水分を受け渡すおそれもあるし、試料中の分析対象物に対する試薬の応答の正確な計測を妨害するおそれもある。
多くの場合、液体試薬が必要であるため、蒸発による濃度の変化は重大な問題である。好ましくは、装置の寿命にわたって液体は10%以下しか逃散すべきではない。また、液体試薬は、装置が使用されるまで指定のチャンバからの移動を阻止されなければならない。これらの要件を満たす多くの可能な手段、たとえば、液体試薬を封入したのち、装置を使用しなければならないときに放出するやり方がある。封入を実施する場合にいくつかの実践的な考慮事項がある。まず、試薬の量を考慮しなければならない。約1〜100マイクロリットルしかないため、カプセルを破裂させることなく封入された試薬を取り扱い、装置中の正しい場所への配置することと同様に、適量をカプセルに封入することは困難である。そして、試薬は、分析を実施するために必要な量が装置中で利用可能なままでなければならないため、マイクロ流体装置が使用されるときのカプセルの開放が考慮事項である。試薬を正しいウェルに注入したのち上層を装置の上に配置して試薬が逃散するのを防ぐことが最良であると結論づけられるかもしれない。しかし、その場合、試薬が、試薬チャンバを上流側及び下流側のチャンバと接続する毛管通路の中を拡散又は移動することを防ぐために何らかの手段が設けられなければならない。そこで、装置が使用されるときに開かせることができる何らかのタイプの弁構造を考慮することができる。もう一つの可能性は、試薬にアクセスを提供する場合に加熱によって除去することができる何らかの材料、たとえば溶融性金属で毛管通路を塞ぐことである。もう一つの可能性は、試料が装置中を移動するとき試薬に作用する遠心力又は機械的力によって生じる応力によって開くことができる弱い箇所をバリヤ中に設けることである。
Claims (36)
- 液体試薬を収容するマイクロ流体装置を製造する方法であって、
(a)前記試薬からの水分の逃散を前記装置の貯蔵寿命にわたって10%未満に制限することができる少なくとも1個の、液体試薬のためのマイクロリザーバを形成するステップと、
(b)前記リザーバを前記装置中の所定の場所に配置するステップと、
(c)前記リザーバを前記試薬又はコンディショニング剤で満たすステップと、
(d)ステップ(c)で満たした前記リザーバを、前記試薬からの水分の逃散を1日あたり0.01g/m2未満に制限することができる接着性カバーで封止するステップと
を含む方法。 - 前記マイクロリザーバが、少なくとも30μmの厚さを有するポリプロピレンでできている、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記マイクロリザーバが金属化プラスチックフィルムでできている、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記プラスチックフィルムがアルミニウムで金属化されている、請求項3記載の方法。
- 前記接着性カバーが金属化プラスチックフィルムである、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記プラスチックフィルムがアルミニウムで金属化されている、請求項5記載の方法。
- 前記接着性カバーが金属箔である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記マイクロリザーバが100μL以下の稼動容積を有する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記接着性カバーが溶融性金属を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- マイクロ流体装置中で液体試薬又はコンディショニング剤を保持するためのマイクロリザーバであって、100μL以下の稼動容積を有し、前記試薬からの水分の逃散をマイクロ流体装置の貯蔵寿命にわたって10%未満に制限することができるマイクロリザーバ。
- 少なくとも30μmの厚さを有するポリプロピレンでできている、請求項10記載のマイクロリザーバ。
- プラスチックでできている、請求項10記載のマイクロリザーバ。
- 金属化プラスチックフィルムでできている、請求項10記載のマイクロリザーバ。
- 前記プラスチックフィルムがアルミニウムで金属化されている、請求項13記載のマイクロリザーバ。
- 前記試薬又はコンディショニング剤からの水分の逃散を1日あたり0.01g/m2未満に制限することができる接着性カバーで封止されている、請求項10記載のマイクロリザーバ。
- 前記接着性カバーが金属化プラスチックフィルムである、請求項15記載のマイクロリザーバ。
- 前記接着性カバーが金属箔である、請求項15記載のマイクロリザーバ。
- 前記プラスチックフィルムがアルミニウムで金属化されている、請求項16記載のマイクロリザーバ。
- 前記接着性カバーが溶融性金属を含む、請求項15記載のマイクロリザーバ。
- 生物学的試料の分析のための、長期の貯蔵寿命を有するマイクロ流体装置であって、
液体試薬又はコンディショニング剤を収容し、前記試薬又はコンディショニング剤からの水分の逃散を前記装置の貯蔵寿命にわたって10%未満に制限する少なくとも1個のマイクロリザーバを含むマイクロ流体装置。 - 前記マイクロリザーバが、少なくとも30μmの厚さを有するポリプロピレンでできている、請求項20記載のマイクロ流体装置。
- 前記マイクロリザーバが金属化プラスチックフィルムでできている、請求項20記載のマイクロ流体装置。
- 前記プラスチックフィルムがアルミニウムで金属化されている、請求項22記載のマイクロ流体装置。
- 前記マイクロリザーバが100μL以下の稼動容積を有する、請求項20記載のマイクロ流体装置。
- 前記リザーバが、前記試薬又はコンディショニング剤からの水分の逃散を1日あたり0.01g/m2未満に制限することができる接着性カバーで封止されている、請求項20記載のマイクロ流体装置。
- 前記接着性カバーが金属化プラスチックフィルムである、請求項25記載のマイクロ流体装置。
- 前記プラスチックフィルムがアルミニウムで金属化されている、請求項26記載のマイクロ流体装置。
- 前記接着性カバーが金属箔である、請求項25記載のマイクロ流体装置。
- 前記接着性カバーが溶融性金属を含む、請求項28記載のマイクロ流体装置。
- 生物学的試料の分析のための、長期の貯蔵寿命を有するマイクロ流体装置であって、
(a)毛管通路によって相互接続されたチャンバを含有するベース層と、
(b)前記チャンバ及び毛管通路の少なくともいくつかを取り囲むための、前記ベース層の上の上層と、
(c)前記ベース層及び前記上層が、水分の透過率を1日あたり0.01g/m2未満に制限することができるように、前記上層を前記ベース層に固着するための、前記ベース層と前記上層との間に配置された接着剤と、
(d)任意に、(b)の前記上層によって取り囲まれないチャンバの上に配置された接着性カバーと、
を含むマイクロ流体装置。 - 前記ベース層が、ポリスチレン、ポリアルキレン、ポリオレフィン類、エポキシ樹脂、PTFE、PET、クロロ−フルオロエチレン類、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、PE−TFE、PE−CTFE、液晶ポリマー、ポリエステル、ポリメチルペンテン、ポリ硫化フェニレン及びPVCからなる群の少なくとも一つのメンバーである、請求項30記載のマイクロ流体装置。
- 前記上層が、ポリプロピレン、PET、ポリエチレン、ポリオレフィン、ポリエステル、ポリスチレンならびにPCTFE、PVC及びポリエステル、ポリオレフィン又はポリアミドを伴うLPCを含む多層材料からなる群の少なくとも一つのメンバーである、請求項30記載のマイクロ流体装置。
- 前記接着剤が、アクリル系、シリコーン及びゴム系ならびに改質アクリル酸樹脂からなる群の少なくとも一つのメンバーである、請求項30記載のマイクロ流体装置。
- 前記接着性カバーが金属化プラスチックフィルムである、請求項30記載のマイクロ流体装置。
- 前記プラスチックフィルムがアルミニウムで金属化されている、請求項34記載のマイクロ流体装置。
- 前記接着性カバーが溶融性金属を含む、請求項30記載のマイクロ流体装置。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2004105946A2 (en) | 2004-12-09 |
WO2004105946A3 (en) | 2005-08-11 |
EP1634071A2 (en) | 2006-03-15 |
JP4700004B2 (ja) | 2011-06-15 |
CA2527534A1 (en) | 2004-12-09 |
EP1634071A4 (en) | 2012-01-25 |
US20090041627A1 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
US7435381B2 (en) | 2008-10-14 |
EP1634071B1 (en) | 2019-07-10 |
US20040241042A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
CA2527534C (en) | 2013-08-13 |
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