JP2007179997A - 燃料電池用固体燃料の製造方法、燃料電池用燃料の気化制御方法、燃料電池用固体燃料及び燃料電池 - Google Patents
燃料電池用固体燃料の製造方法、燃料電池用燃料の気化制御方法、燃料電池用固体燃料及び燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2007179997A JP2007179997A JP2006011771A JP2006011771A JP2007179997A JP 2007179997 A JP2007179997 A JP 2007179997A JP 2006011771 A JP2006011771 A JP 2006011771A JP 2006011771 A JP2006011771 A JP 2006011771A JP 2007179997 A JP2007179997 A JP 2007179997A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- fuel cell
- solid
- holding material
- porous material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 577
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 273
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- WMGSQTMJHBYJMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;magnesium;silicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] WMGSQTMJHBYJMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 47
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 7
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004455 differential thermal analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 3
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004674 formic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl orthoformate Chemical compound COC(OC)OC PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001479 Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010040880 Skin irritation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium titanate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011928 denatured alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxymethane Chemical compound COCOC NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013056 hazardous product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013402 health food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000639 hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012771 pancakes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005373 porous glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036556 skin irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000475 skin irritation Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYLYBEXRJGPQSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;oxido(dioxo)niobium Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O UYLYBEXRJGPQSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009495 sugar coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007939 sustained release tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0643—Gasification of solid fuel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L7/00—Fuels produced by solidifying fluid fuels
- C10L7/02—Fuels produced by solidifying fluid fuels liquid fuels
- C10L7/04—Fuels produced by solidifying fluid fuels liquid fuels alcohol
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
- H01M8/04216—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes characterised by the choice for a specific material, e.g. carbon, hydride, absorbent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】燃料電池用燃料を多孔性材料に取り込ませて、一定の形状に成形し、得られた燃料保持材成形体の表面に被膜を形成し、燃料電池用固体燃料を製造する。また、水と燃料電池用燃料とを多孔性材料に取り込ませて、一定の形状に成形し、得られた燃料保持材成形体の表面に被膜を形成し、燃料電池用固体燃料を製造する。
【選択図】なし
Description
本実施形態では、燃料電池用燃料を多孔性材料に取り込ませ、得られた燃料保持材を成形し、得られた燃料保持材成形体の表面に被膜を形成することによって燃料電池用固体燃料を製造する。
メタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウムの固体粉末1gにメタノール2gを加えて、十分に攪拌した。これにより、メタノール含有率66.7質量%の固体状メタノール(試料1)を得た。
メタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウムの固体粉末1gにメタノール2gと水1gとを加えて、十分に攪拌した。これにより、メタノール含有率50質量%の固体状メタノール(試料2)を得た。
原液メタノールについて、液体の引火点を測定する方法である「タグ密閉式引火点試験法(JIS−K2265−1996,原油及び石油製品引火点試験方法)」に基づいて、引火点の測定を行った。原液メタノールの引火点は、11℃であった。
メタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム1000gにバインダーとしてメタノール2000gとヒドロキシプロピルセルロース20gとを加え、混合攪拌造粒機(商品名:VG−25,パウレック社製)により球状に造粒した。得られた燃料保持材1000gを流動層コーティング機(商品名:MP−1,パウレック社製)に導入し、燃料保持材の表面にコーティング液(エチルセルロース5gをメタノール995gに溶解させた溶液)を噴霧し、乾燥して薄膜を形成し、固体状メタノール(試料3)を得た。
Claims (33)
- 燃料電池用燃料を多孔性材料に取り込ませることを特徴とする燃料電池用固体燃料の製造方法。
- 水と燃料電池用燃料とを多孔性材料に取り込ませることを特徴とする燃料電池用固体燃料の製造方法。
- 燃料電池用燃料を多孔性材料に取り込ませ、得られた燃料保持材を一定の形状に成形することを特徴とする燃料電池用固体燃料の製造方法。
- 水と燃料電池用燃料とを多孔性材料に取り込ませ、得られた燃料保持材を一定の形状に成形することを特徴とする燃料電池用固体燃料の製造方法。
- 前記燃料保持材は粉状であり、
前記粉状の燃料保持材を、バインダーを用いて成形することを特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載の燃料電池用固体燃料の製造方法。 - 前記燃料保持材を球状に成形することを特徴とする請求項3〜5のいずれかに記載の燃料電池用固体燃料の製造方法。
- 燃料電池用燃料を多孔性材料に取り込ませ、得られた燃料保持材の表面に被膜を形成することを特徴とする燃料電池用固体燃料の製造方法。
- 水と燃料電池用燃料とを多孔性材料に取り込ませ、得られた燃料保持材の表面に被膜を形成することを特徴とする燃料電池用固体燃料の製造方法。
- 前記燃料保持材を成形して得られた燃料保持材成形体の表面に被膜を形成することを特徴とする請求項3〜6のいずれかに記載の燃料電池用固体燃料の製造方法。
- 前記被膜が、セルロース誘導体及び/又はポリビニルアルコールによって形成されていることを特徴とする請求項7〜9のいずれかに記載の燃料電池用固体燃料の製造方法。
- 前記燃料電池用燃料が、アルコール類であることを特徴とする請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の燃料電池用固体燃料の製造方法。
- 前記アルコール類が、メタノールであることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の燃料電池用固体燃料の製造方法。
- 前記多孔性材料が、メタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウムであることを特徴とする請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の燃料電池用固体燃料の製造方法。
- 水と燃料電池用燃料とを多孔性材料に取り込ませることを特徴とする燃料電池用燃料の気化制御方法。
- 燃料電池用燃料を多孔性材料に取り込ませ、得られた燃料保持材の表面に被膜を形成することを特徴とする燃料電池用燃料の気化制御方法。
- 水と燃料電池用燃料とを多孔性材料に取り込ませ、得られた燃料保持材の表面に被膜を形成することを特徴とする燃料電池用燃料の気化制御方法。
- 燃料電池用燃料を多孔性材料に取り込ませ、得られた燃料保持材を一定の形状に成形し、得られた燃料保持材成形体の表面に被膜を形成することを特徴とする燃料電池用燃料の気化制御方法。
- 水と燃料電池用燃料とを多孔性材料に取り込ませ、得られた燃料保持材を一定の形状に成形し、得られた燃料保持材成形体の表面に被膜を形成することを特徴とする燃料電池用燃料の気化制御方法。
- 前記燃料保持材は粉状であり、
前記粉状の燃料保持材を、バインダーを用いて成形することを特徴とする請求項17又は18に記載の燃料電池用燃料の気化制御方法。 - 前記燃料保持材を球状に成形することを特徴とする請求項17〜19のいずれかに記載の燃料電池用燃料の気化制御方法。
- 前記被膜が、セルロース誘導体及び/又はポリビニルアルコールを用いて形成されていることを特徴とする請求項15〜20のいずれかに記載の燃料電池用燃料の気化制御方法。
- 燃料電池用燃料が、多孔性材料に取り込まれてなることを特徴とする燃料電池用固体燃料。
- 水と燃料電池用燃料とが、多孔性材料に取り込まれてなることを特徴とする燃料電池用固体燃料。
- 燃料電池用燃料を多孔性材料に取り込んだ燃料保持材が、一定の形状に成形されてなることを特徴とする燃料電池用固体燃料。
- 水と燃料電池用燃料とを多孔性材料に取り込んだ燃料保持材が、一定の形状に成形されてなることを特徴とする燃料電池用固体燃料。
- 前記燃料保持材が粉状であり、
前記粉状の燃料保持材が、バインダーによって成形されてなることを特徴とする請求項24又は25に記載の燃料電池用固体燃料。 - 前記燃料保持材が、球状に成形されてなることを特徴とする請求項24〜26のいずれかに記載の燃料電池用固体燃料。
- 前記燃料電池用燃料を多孔性材料に取り込んだ燃料保持材の表面に被膜が形成されていることを特徴とする燃料電池用固体燃料。
- 水と燃料電池用燃料とを多孔性材料に取り込んだ燃料保持材の表面に被膜が形成されていることを特徴とする燃料電池用固体燃料。
- 前記燃料保持材を成形して得られた燃料保持材成形体の表面に被膜が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項24〜27のいずれかに記載の燃料電池用固体燃料。
- 前記被膜が、セルロース誘導体及び/又はポリビニルアルコールからなることを特徴とする請求項28〜30のいずれかに記載の燃料電池用固体燃料。
- 請求項22〜31のいずれかに記載の燃料電池用固体燃料から燃料電池用燃料を取り出す手段を備えることを特徴とする燃料電池。
- 前記取り出す手段が、前記燃料電池用固体燃料と水とを接触させる手段であることを特徴とする請求項32に記載の燃料電池。
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006011771A JP2007179997A (ja) | 2005-12-01 | 2006-01-19 | 燃料電池用固体燃料の製造方法、燃料電池用燃料の気化制御方法、燃料電池用固体燃料及び燃料電池 |
US12/085,831 US20090165370A1 (en) | 2005-12-01 | 2006-11-30 | Method for Producing a Solid Fuel for Fuel Cells, Method for Controlling Vaporization of a Fuel for Fuel Cells, Solid Fuel for Fuel Cells, and Fuel Cell |
PCT/JP2006/323921 WO2007063936A1 (ja) | 2005-12-01 | 2006-11-30 | 燃料電池用固体燃料の製造方法、燃料電池用燃料の気化制御方法、燃料電池用固体燃料及び燃料電池 |
TW095144385A TWI441378B (zh) | 2005-12-01 | 2006-11-30 | Production method of solid fuel for fuel cell, gasification control method for fuel cell fuel, and solid fuel for fuel cell and fuel cell |
EP06833724A EP1962361A4 (en) | 2005-12-01 | 2006-11-30 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING SOLUBLE FUEL FOR A FUEL CELL, METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE EVAPORATION OF FUEL FOR A FUEL CELL, SOLID FUEL FOR A FUEL CELL AND FUEL CELL |
CN2006800449141A CN101317295B (zh) | 2005-12-01 | 2006-11-30 | 燃料电池用固体燃料的制造方法、燃料电池用燃料的气化控制方法、燃料电池用固体燃料及燃料电池 |
KR1020087014803A KR20080072920A (ko) | 2005-12-01 | 2006-11-30 | 연료 전지용 고체연료의 제조 방법, 연료 전지용 연료의기화 제어 방법, 연료 전지용 고체연료 및 연료 전지 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005348002 | 2005-12-01 | ||
JP2006011771A JP2007179997A (ja) | 2005-12-01 | 2006-01-19 | 燃料電池用固体燃料の製造方法、燃料電池用燃料の気化制御方法、燃料電池用固体燃料及び燃料電池 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2007179997A true JP2007179997A (ja) | 2007-07-12 |
Family
ID=38092270
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006011771A Pending JP2007179997A (ja) | 2005-12-01 | 2006-01-19 | 燃料電池用固体燃料の製造方法、燃料電池用燃料の気化制御方法、燃料電池用固体燃料及び燃料電池 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090165370A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1962361A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2007179997A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20080072920A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101317295B (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI441378B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007063936A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008300338A (ja) * | 2007-06-04 | 2008-12-11 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | 燃料電池用固体燃料の製造方法、燃料電池用固体燃料及び燃料電池 |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7778418B1 (en) | 1998-01-08 | 2010-08-17 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | System and method for copy protection for digital signals |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS57117594A (en) * | 1981-01-14 | 1982-07-22 | Sanetsuchi Kk | Solid fuel |
JPH0413828B2 (ja) * | 1982-04-23 | 1992-03-10 | Hitachi Ltd | |
JPH04159222A (ja) * | 1990-10-22 | 1992-06-02 | Taisho Yakuhin Kogyo Kk | 経口投与用固形薬剤の製造方法 |
JPH05194103A (ja) * | 1992-01-22 | 1993-08-03 | Fumakilla Ltd | 加熱蒸散用薬剤含有体及びそれを用いた薬剤の加熱蒸散方法 |
JPH07228537A (ja) * | 1994-02-17 | 1995-08-29 | Saitama Daiichi Seiyaku Kk | 水性温感貼付剤 |
JP2003331879A (ja) * | 2002-05-14 | 2003-11-21 | Seiko Epson Corp | 液体燃料カートリッジ及びこれを備えた燃料電池システム |
JP2004127659A (ja) * | 2002-10-01 | 2004-04-22 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | 燃料電池用燃料貯蔵物及び燃料電池 |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5966066A (ja) * | 1982-10-06 | 1984-04-14 | Hitachi Ltd | 液体燃料電池 |
DE3530366A1 (de) * | 1985-08-24 | 1987-02-26 | Juergen Dipl Chem Stock | Kunststoffteil und verfahren zur behandlung der oberflaeche eines kunststoffteils |
US4971597A (en) * | 1988-12-09 | 1990-11-20 | Ra Investment Corporation | Solid alcohol fuel with hydration inhibiting coating |
US6342249B1 (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2002-01-29 | Alza Corporation | Controlled release liquid active agent formulation dosage forms |
JP2001102069A (ja) * | 1999-09-29 | 2001-04-13 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池 |
US6458479B1 (en) * | 1999-12-17 | 2002-10-01 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Air breathing direct methanol fuel cell |
EP1286914A4 (en) * | 2000-05-12 | 2006-05-17 | Gradient Technology | HYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY AUTOTHERMIC DECOMPOSITION OF AMMONIA |
US6409939B1 (en) * | 2000-05-31 | 2002-06-25 | Uop Llc | Method for producing a hydrogen-rich fuel stream |
US6667127B2 (en) * | 2000-09-15 | 2003-12-23 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Fluid diffusion layers for fuel cells |
US20030008193A1 (en) * | 2001-06-28 | 2003-01-09 | Foamex L.P. | Liquid fuel delivery system for fuel cells |
JP2003077505A (ja) * | 2001-09-05 | 2003-03-14 | Yuasa Corp | 液体燃料直接供給形燃料電池 |
JP4277257B2 (ja) * | 2003-03-07 | 2009-06-10 | 日立金属株式会社 | 燃料電池 |
US7255947B2 (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2007-08-14 | The Gillette Company | Fuel substance and associated cartridge for fuel cell |
US7214331B2 (en) * | 2004-02-26 | 2007-05-08 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Catalyst configuration and methods for syngas production |
JP2005327626A (ja) * | 2004-05-14 | 2005-11-24 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | 燃料電池発電システム |
JP2005327624A (ja) * | 2004-05-14 | 2005-11-24 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | 燃料電池用燃料放出装置 |
-
2006
- 2006-01-19 JP JP2006011771A patent/JP2007179997A/ja active Pending
- 2006-11-30 TW TW095144385A patent/TWI441378B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-11-30 CN CN2006800449141A patent/CN101317295B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-11-30 EP EP06833724A patent/EP1962361A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-11-30 WO PCT/JP2006/323921 patent/WO2007063936A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2006-11-30 KR KR1020087014803A patent/KR20080072920A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-11-30 US US12/085,831 patent/US20090165370A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS57117594A (en) * | 1981-01-14 | 1982-07-22 | Sanetsuchi Kk | Solid fuel |
JPH0413828B2 (ja) * | 1982-04-23 | 1992-03-10 | Hitachi Ltd | |
JPH04159222A (ja) * | 1990-10-22 | 1992-06-02 | Taisho Yakuhin Kogyo Kk | 経口投与用固形薬剤の製造方法 |
JPH05194103A (ja) * | 1992-01-22 | 1993-08-03 | Fumakilla Ltd | 加熱蒸散用薬剤含有体及びそれを用いた薬剤の加熱蒸散方法 |
JPH07228537A (ja) * | 1994-02-17 | 1995-08-29 | Saitama Daiichi Seiyaku Kk | 水性温感貼付剤 |
JP2003331879A (ja) * | 2002-05-14 | 2003-11-21 | Seiko Epson Corp | 液体燃料カートリッジ及びこれを備えた燃料電池システム |
JP2004127659A (ja) * | 2002-10-01 | 2004-04-22 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | 燃料電池用燃料貯蔵物及び燃料電池 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008300338A (ja) * | 2007-06-04 | 2008-12-11 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | 燃料電池用固体燃料の製造方法、燃料電池用固体燃料及び燃料電池 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TWI441378B (zh) | 2014-06-11 |
CN101317295B (zh) | 2012-05-16 |
EP1962361A4 (en) | 2010-07-28 |
US20090165370A1 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
CN101317295A (zh) | 2008-12-03 |
EP1962361A1 (en) | 2008-08-27 |
WO2007063936A1 (ja) | 2007-06-07 |
TW200729601A (en) | 2007-08-01 |
KR20080072920A (ko) | 2008-08-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
KR100956669B1 (ko) | 수소발생재료 및 수소발생장치 | |
JP4371374B2 (ja) | 燃料電池用燃料カートリッジ | |
JP5374499B2 (ja) | プロトン交換膜及びこの膜を含む電池 | |
JP2007179997A (ja) | 燃料電池用固体燃料の製造方法、燃料電池用燃料の気化制御方法、燃料電池用固体燃料及び燃料電池 | |
CA2720687C (en) | Dispersion composition of fluorine-containing ion exchange resin | |
WO2006009100A1 (ja) | 燃料電池装置 | |
JP2008300338A (ja) | 燃料電池用固体燃料の製造方法、燃料電池用固体燃料及び燃料電池 | |
JP5083653B2 (ja) | 電気化学的エネルギー変換デバイス用電解質体、これを用いた固体酸塩型電解質体の活性化方法及び大容量キャパシター並びに燃料電池 | |
JP2008273758A (ja) | 水素発生材料組成物および水素発生装置 | |
JP2010089987A (ja) | 水素貯蔵材料及びその製造方法 | |
WO2019134423A1 (zh) | 用于燃料电池中甲烷蒸汽重整的催化剂的制备方法 | |
US20030170539A1 (en) | Aqueous electrode binder and electrodes and fuel cells including same | |
US20100068596A1 (en) | Direct methanol fuel cell system and portable electronic device | |
JP5234240B2 (ja) | 直接メタノール形燃料電池システム及び携帯用電子機器 | |
JP2009272103A (ja) | 粒子状燃料電池用燃料の燃料容器への充填方法 | |
CN101192672B (zh) | 一种质子交换膜燃料电池用流场板及其制备方法和双极板 | |
JP2008097985A (ja) | 直接メタノール形燃料電池システム及びこれを用いた携帯用電子機器 | |
JP2006120409A (ja) | プロトン伝導性コンポジット型電解質膜及びその製造方法 | |
JP5065319B2 (ja) | 燃料電池用燃料混合物、燃料電池用燃料再液化システム、それらを用いた燃料電池用燃料カートリッジ、および燃料電池の燃料取出し方法 | |
JP6927147B2 (ja) | 燃料電池用膜電極接合体の製造方法 | |
KR100751194B1 (ko) | 나노 세공 실리카 지지체를 사용한 인산형 연료전지의 제조방법 | |
JP5317654B2 (ja) | 燃料電池用電極とその製造方法、及び燃料電池 | |
JP2004247253A (ja) | プロトン導電体の製造方法 | |
JP2007023103A (ja) | 固体状燃料構造体、並びにその製造方法及び使用方法 | |
Di Blasi et al. | Composite Polymer Electrolyte for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell Application. |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20081226 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20111102 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20120104 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20120808 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20121009 |
|
A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20130206 |