JP2006525208A - 多成分ガラス - Google Patents
多成分ガラス Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2006525208A JP2006525208A JP2006500093A JP2006500093A JP2006525208A JP 2006525208 A JP2006525208 A JP 2006525208A JP 2006500093 A JP2006500093 A JP 2006500093A JP 2006500093 A JP2006500093 A JP 2006500093A JP 2006525208 A JP2006525208 A JP 2006525208A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- components
- multicomponent glass
- component
- tio
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007496 glass forming Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000156 glass melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007857 Li-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008447 Li—Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006094 Zerodur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005385 borate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006124 glass-ceramic system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005329 nanolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011858 nanopowder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005368 silicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009997 thermal pre-treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/089—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
- C03B19/06—Other methods of shaping glass by sintering, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing of powders and subsequent sintering, by hot pressing of powders, by sintering slurries or dispersions not undergoing a liquid phase reaction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
- C03B19/12—Other methods of shaping glass by liquid-phase reaction processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
- C03C1/006—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels to produce glass through wet route
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C23/00—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C23/00—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
- C03C23/0095—Solution impregnating; Solution doping; Molecular stuffing, e.g. of porous glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/06—Glass compositions containing silica with more than 90% silica by weight, e.g. quartz
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/095—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing rare earths
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
ガラス形成剤、たとえばB2O3、
中間酸化物、たとえばCeO2。
a)出発成分の混合物を準備し、その際、これらの混合物は個々の酸化物の粉末混合物であるか、または混合された酸化物および液体中に分散している別の成分の粉末混合物であるか、または前駆物質の混合物であり、これを反応させて所望の組成物を(たとえばゾル・ゲル法により)得る。
Claims (4)
- 多成分ガラスにおいて、成分TiO2およびSiO2に加えてさらにガラス形成剤および/または中間酸化物からなる群からの成分を含有することを特徴とする多成分ガラス。
- 請求項1記載の多成分ガラスの製造方法において、出発成分の混合物を準備し、その際、これらの混合物は個々の酸化物の粉末混合物であるか、または混合された酸化物および液体中に分散した別の成分の粉末混合物であるか、または前駆物質の混合物であり、これを反応させて所望の組成物を(たとえばゾル・ゲル法により)得ることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の多成分ガラスの製造方法。
- 請求項1記載の多成分ガラスの製造方法において、少なくとも1の主成分を含有するグリーン成形体を、さらに付加的な成分を所望の組成で含有する液体、たとえば溶液または懸濁液で含浸法により付加的な成分を用いて処理することを特徴とする、請求項1記載の多成分ガラスの製造方法。
- 最終寸法に近い寸法を有する成形体を製造するための請求項1記載の多成分ガラスの使用。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10319596A DE10319596A1 (de) | 2003-05-02 | 2003-05-02 | Mehrkomponentenglas |
PCT/EP2004/004096 WO2004096723A1 (en) | 2003-05-02 | 2004-04-17 | Multi-component glass |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2006525208A true JP2006525208A (ja) | 2006-11-09 |
Family
ID=33394039
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006500093A Pending JP2006525208A (ja) | 2003-05-02 | 2004-04-17 | 多成分ガラス |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070142201A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1620368A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2006525208A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100775777B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100488904C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE10319596A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004096723A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2017508713A (ja) * | 2014-03-14 | 2017-03-30 | コーニング インコーポレイテッド | 非常に小さいcte勾配を有するホウ素ドープチタニア−シリカガラス |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105084759B (zh) * | 2015-09-06 | 2017-06-09 | 东南大学 | 耐高温磷酸盐透明玻璃的制备方法 |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4200445A (en) * | 1977-04-28 | 1980-04-29 | Corning Glass Works | Method of densifying metal oxides |
JPS62187141A (ja) * | 1986-02-13 | 1987-08-15 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | 太陽電池カバ−用ガラス |
JPH0558650A (ja) * | 1991-09-02 | 1993-03-09 | Tokuyama Soda Co Ltd | 複合酸化物ガラス及びその製造方法 |
JPH11191212A (ja) * | 1997-12-25 | 1999-07-13 | Toshitomo Morisane | 高強度スムーズガラス基板 |
JP2000290038A (ja) * | 1999-02-01 | 2000-10-17 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | 蛍光ランプ用ガラス、蛍光ランプ用ガラス管、及び蛍光ランプ |
JP2002121035A (ja) * | 2000-09-01 | 2002-04-23 | Degussa Ag | 低い熱膨張率を有するSiO2−TiO2ガラスの製造方法およびそのガラス |
JP2002187734A (ja) * | 2000-12-15 | 2002-07-05 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | 蛍光ランプ用コバールシールガラス |
JP2002293571A (ja) * | 2001-03-30 | 2002-10-09 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | 照明用ガラス |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE438752A (ja) * | 1939-04-22 | |||
US4797376A (en) * | 1987-06-09 | 1989-01-10 | University Of Rochester | Sol-gel method for making gradient-index glass |
JPS6465031A (en) * | 1987-09-04 | 1989-03-10 | Seiko Epson Corp | Production of glass |
US5068208A (en) * | 1991-04-05 | 1991-11-26 | The University Of Rochester | Sol-gel method for making gradient index optical elements |
US5569979A (en) * | 1992-02-28 | 1996-10-29 | General Electric Company | UV absorbing fused quartz and its use for lamp envelopes |
IT1256064B (it) * | 1992-07-28 | 1995-11-27 | Donegani Guido Ist | Metodo per la preparazione di geli porosi contenenti boro |
US5294573A (en) * | 1993-06-25 | 1994-03-15 | University Of Rochester | Sol-gel process of making gradient-index glass |
US5308802A (en) * | 1993-06-25 | 1994-05-03 | The University Of Rochester | Sol-gel process of making glass, particulary gradient-index glass |
KR20000076000A (ko) * | 1997-03-07 | 2000-12-26 | 알프레드 엘. 미첼슨 | 티타니아-도핑 용융 실리카의 제조 방법 |
US6066585A (en) * | 1998-05-18 | 2000-05-23 | Emerson Electric Co. | Ceramics having negative coefficient of thermal expansion, method of making such ceramics, and parts made from such ceramics |
JP3766802B2 (ja) * | 1999-07-22 | 2006-04-19 | コーニング インコーポレイテッド | 遠紫外軟x線投影リソグラフィー法システムおよびリソグラフィーエレメント |
WO2001007967A1 (en) * | 1999-07-22 | 2001-02-01 | Corning Incorporated | Extreme ultraviolet soft x-ray projection lithographic method and mask devices |
US6176588B1 (en) * | 1999-12-14 | 2001-01-23 | Corning Incorporated | Low cost light weight mirror blank |
DE10149932B4 (de) * | 2001-10-10 | 2006-12-07 | Schott Ag | Zinkoxidhaltiges Borosilicatglas und Verwendungen des Glases |
-
2003
- 2003-05-02 DE DE10319596A patent/DE10319596A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2004
- 2004-04-17 JP JP2006500093A patent/JP2006525208A/ja active Pending
- 2004-04-17 WO PCT/EP2004/004096 patent/WO2004096723A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-04-17 EP EP04728113A patent/EP1620368A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-04-17 CN CNB2004800119566A patent/CN100488904C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-17 US US10/555,184 patent/US20070142201A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-04-17 KR KR1020057020798A patent/KR100775777B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4200445A (en) * | 1977-04-28 | 1980-04-29 | Corning Glass Works | Method of densifying metal oxides |
JPS62187141A (ja) * | 1986-02-13 | 1987-08-15 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | 太陽電池カバ−用ガラス |
JPH0558650A (ja) * | 1991-09-02 | 1993-03-09 | Tokuyama Soda Co Ltd | 複合酸化物ガラス及びその製造方法 |
JPH11191212A (ja) * | 1997-12-25 | 1999-07-13 | Toshitomo Morisane | 高強度スムーズガラス基板 |
JP2000290038A (ja) * | 1999-02-01 | 2000-10-17 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | 蛍光ランプ用ガラス、蛍光ランプ用ガラス管、及び蛍光ランプ |
JP2002121035A (ja) * | 2000-09-01 | 2002-04-23 | Degussa Ag | 低い熱膨張率を有するSiO2−TiO2ガラスの製造方法およびそのガラス |
JP2002187734A (ja) * | 2000-12-15 | 2002-07-05 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | 蛍光ランプ用コバールシールガラス |
JP2002293571A (ja) * | 2001-03-30 | 2002-10-09 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | 照明用ガラス |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2017508713A (ja) * | 2014-03-14 | 2017-03-30 | コーニング インコーポレイテッド | 非常に小さいcte勾配を有するホウ素ドープチタニア−シリカガラス |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN100488904C (zh) | 2009-05-20 |
KR100775777B1 (ko) | 2007-11-12 |
EP1620368A1 (en) | 2006-02-01 |
KR20050120722A (ko) | 2005-12-22 |
CN1784364A (zh) | 2006-06-07 |
US20070142201A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
DE10319596A1 (de) | 2004-11-25 |
WO2004096723A1 (en) | 2004-11-11 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Rabinovich | Preparation of glass by sintering | |
US4840653A (en) | Fabrication of high-silica glass article | |
JP3040278B2 (ja) | 高シリカガラスからなる製品の製造方法 | |
EP0293064B1 (en) | Sol-gel method for making ultra-low expansion glass | |
US20040045318A1 (en) | Method of making silica-titania extreme ultraviolet elements | |
JPH06122530A (ja) | 屈折率勾配型ガラス及びその製造のためのゾル−ゲル法 | |
US4902650A (en) | Gradient-index glass | |
US4797376A (en) | Sol-gel method for making gradient-index glass | |
KR20160083098A (ko) | 높은 규산 함량을 갖는 티탄 도핑 유리 및 플루오르 도핑 유리로부터 블랭크의 제조 방법 | |
JP2003252634A (ja) | ケイ素−チタン−混合酸化物粉末を含有する分散液、その製造方法、それにより製造された成形体、その製造方法、ガラス成形品、その製造方法及びその使用 | |
JPS58145634A (ja) | ド−プされたガラス状シリカの製造方法 | |
US6796143B2 (en) | Process for producing SiO2-TiO2 glasses having a low coefficient of thermal expansion | |
CA2293996C (en) | Composition for production of silica glass using sol-gel process | |
JP3393063B2 (ja) | 不純物金属遮蔽用耐熱性合成シリカガラス及びその製造方法 | |
US5919280A (en) | Method for fabricating silica glass | |
JP2006525208A (ja) | 多成分ガラス | |
KR20000035883A (ko) | 고에너지의 조사하에서 저압축을 갖는 실리카 | |
JP2524174B2 (ja) | 光学機能性を有する石英ガラスの製造方法 | |
EP0281282B1 (en) | Fabrication of high-silica glass article | |
JP4027625B2 (ja) | 低い熱膨張率を有するSiO2−TiO2ガラスの製造方法およびそのガラス | |
EP0215603A1 (en) | Fabrication of high-silica glass article | |
JP2004339056A (ja) | 光ファイバの製造方法 | |
Shoup | Ultra-low expansion glass from gels: Code: H4 | |
JPH04124044A (ja) | 石英系ガラス母材の製造方法 | |
ROBERT | GELS AND THEIR SINTERED FUSED SILICA GLASSES |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20081121 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20090219 |
|
A602 | Written permission of extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602 Effective date: 20090226 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20090319 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20090327 |
|
A602 | Written permission of extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602 Effective date: 20090327 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20090708 |
|
A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20091204 |