JP2006522224A - 反応性金属を加工すると同時に汚染クレジットを発生させるための方法 - Google Patents
反応性金属を加工すると同時に汚染クレジットを発生させるための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2006522224A JP2006522224A JP2006506999A JP2006506999A JP2006522224A JP 2006522224 A JP2006522224 A JP 2006522224A JP 2006506999 A JP2006506999 A JP 2006506999A JP 2006506999 A JP2006506999 A JP 2006506999A JP 2006522224 A JP2006522224 A JP 2006522224A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
- B22D1/002—Treatment with gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
- B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
- B22D21/007—Castings of light metals with low melting point, e.g. Al 659 degrees C, Mg 650 degrees C
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
- C07C45/67—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
- C07C45/68—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
- C07C45/69—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by addition to carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/78—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C45/85—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C49/00—Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
- C07C49/04—Saturated compounds containing keto groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C49/16—Saturated compounds containing keto groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms containing halogen
- C07C49/167—Saturated compounds containing keto groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms containing halogen containing only fluorine as halogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C49/00—Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
- C07C49/385—Saturated compounds containing a keto group being part of a ring
- C07C49/457—Saturated compounds containing a keto group being part of a ring containing halogen
- C07C49/463—Saturated compounds containing a keto group being part of a ring containing halogen a keto group being part of a six-membered ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/0084—Obtaining aluminium melting and handling molten aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/06—Obtaining aluminium refining
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/06—Obtaining aluminium refining
- C22B21/064—Obtaining aluminium refining using inert or reactive gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/20—Obtaining alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/22—Obtaining magnesium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/006—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with use of an inert protective material including the use of an inert gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/05—Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/122—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by capturing or storing CO2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/146—Perfluorocarbons [PFC]; Hydrofluorocarbons [HFC]; Sulfur hexafluoride [SF6]
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
(1)実用化学辞典、ゲスナー(Gessner)G.ハウレイ(Hawley)編、ニューヨーク、バン・ノストランド・ラインホルド社(Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.(1981)。注:ppmv=体積による100万分の1(体積ppm)。
(2)ヘキサフルオロリン酸アンモニウムについての化学物質安全データシート、ウィスコンシン州ミルウォーキーのシグマ・アルドリッチ・コーポレーション(Sigma−Aldrich Corporation,Milwaukee,WI)。
(3)世界気象機関グローバルリサーチおよびモニタリングプロジェクト−報告No.44、「オゾン層破壊の科学的評価:1998」WMO(1999)。
(a)(1)溶融金属または合金を提供し、そして(2)ペルフルオロケトン、ヒドロフルオロケトン、およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択されるフルオロカーボンを含むガス状混合物へ前記金属または合金を曝露させて保護フィルムを上に有する保護金属または合金をもたらすことによって、溶融反応性金属またはこのような金属の合金を処理して、前記金属または合金を空気中の酸素との反応から保護するステップと、
(b)汚染クレジットの割り当てを獲得するステップと、
を含む、汚染クレジットを発生させるための方法を提供する。
(1)世界気象機関グローバルリサーチおよびモニタリングプロジェクト−報告No.44、「オゾン層破壊の科学的評価:1998、Vol.2」、10章、表10〜8、pp.10.27〜10.28。
(2)未発表データ、ミネソタ州セントポールの3Mカンパニー(3M Company,St.Paul,MN)。
(3)G.マルキオンニ(Marchionni)ら、Journal of Fluorine Chemistry,95,(1999),41−50。
(4)以下のように評価される。
C4F9OCH3(メトキシノナフルオロブタン)、ヒドロフルオロエーテルは、国際公開第00/64614号パンフレット(実施例5)に溶融マグネシウムのための有効なフルオロカーボンカバーガスと記載されている。この比較例では、C4F9OCH3(ミネソタ州セントポールの3Mカンパニー(3M Company,St.Paul,MN)からノベック(NOVEC(商標)HFE−7100エンジニアリング流体として入手可能)を、空気中、1%および体積濃度を減少させてフルオロカーボンカバーガスとして評価した。全ての場合において、カバーガス/空気混合物の体積流速は、5.9L/分であった。約1、0.5、0.25および0.125%(それぞれ、10000、5000、2500および1250ppmVに相当する)の公称濃度において、C4F9OCH3は、スキミングの直後に溶融マグネシウム上に薄いフレキシブル表面フィルムを生成したので、金属の燃焼の証拠は観察されなかった。C4F9OCH3の濃度が0.0625%(すなわち、625ppmV)まで低下すると、溶融マグネシウム表面に燃焼のいくらかの証拠が、白色ブルームとして観察されたが、炎は生じなかった。スキミングの間に新たな溶融マグネシウムへ曝露させると、試験したC4F9OCH3の全ての体積濃度において、HF濃度は本質的に未変化のままか、あるいは増大した。
C4F9OCH3を用いる比較例C1で記載されたものと本質的に同じ手順を使用して、CF3CF2C(O)CF(CF3)2(1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,5−ノナフルオロ−2−トリフルオロメチル−ペンタン−3−オン)、ペルフルオロケトンを、溶融マグネシウムを発火から保護するためのカバーガスとして評価した。CF3CF2C(O)CF(CF3)2は、以下の手順を用いて調製および精製した。
Claims (9)
- (a)(1)溶融金属または合金を提供し、そして(2)ペルフルオロケトン、ヒドロフルオロケトン、およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択されるフルオロカーボンを含むガス状混合物へ前記溶融金属または合金を曝露させて保護フィルムを上に有する保護金属または合金をもたらすことによって、溶融反応性金属または合金を処理して、前記溶融金属または合金を空気中の酸素との反応から保護するステップと、(b)汚染クレジットの割り当てを獲得するステップと、を含む、汚染クレジットを発生させるための方法。
- 前記保護溶融金属または合金が、溶融金属または合金および固体金属または合金からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記汚染クレジットが、保護金属または合金がどの程度加工されたかに応じて割り当てられる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- さらに、カバーガスとしてSF6を用いる溶融反応性金属または合金を取り扱うための手段を、ペルフルオロケトン、ヒドロフルオロケトン、およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択されるフルオロカーボンを含むガス状混合物を用いる溶融反応性金属または合金を取り扱うための手段に転用することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記汚染クレジットが、SF6使用量の前記削減に応じて割り当てられる、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記ペルフルオロケトンが、CF3CF2C(O)CF(CF3)2、(CF3)2CFC(O)CF(CF3)2、CF3(CF2)2C(O)CF(CF3)2、CF3(CF2)3C(O)CF(CF3)2、CF3(CF2)5C(O)CF3、CF3CF2C(O)CF2CF2CF3、CF3C(O)CF(CF3)2、ペルフルオロシクロヘキサノン、およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記フルオロカーボンが、HCF2CF2C(O)CF(CF3)2、CF3C(O)CH2C(O)CF3、C2H5C(O)CF(CF3)2、CF2CF2C(O)CH3、(CF3)2CFC(O)CH3、CF3CF2C(O)CHF2、CF3CF2C(O)CH2F、CF3CF2C(O)CH2CF3、CF3CF2C(O)CH2CH3、CF3CF2C(O)CH2CHF2、CF3CF2C(O)CH2CHF2、CF3CF2C(O)CH2CH2F、CF3CF2C(O)CHFCH3、CF3CF2C(O)CHFCHF2、CF3CF2C(O)CHFCH2F、CF3CF2C(O)CF2CH3、CF3CF2C(O)CF2CHF2、CF3CF2C(O)CF2CH2F、(CF3)2CFC(O)CHF2、(CF3)2CFC(O)CH2F、CF3CF(CH2F)C(O)CHF2、CF3CF(CH2F)C(O)CH2F、CF3CF(CH2F)C(O)CF3、およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択されるヒドロフルオロケトンである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ガス状混合物が、さらに、キャリヤガスを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記キャリヤガスが、空気、CO2、アルゴン、窒素、およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項8に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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US10/394,853 US6780220B2 (en) | 2000-05-04 | 2003-03-22 | Method for generating pollution credits while processing reactive metals |
PCT/US2004/007178 WO2004086279A1 (en) | 2003-03-22 | 2004-03-10 | Method for generating pollution credits while processing reactive metals |
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JP2006522224A true JP2006522224A (ja) | 2006-09-28 |
JP2006522224A5 JP2006522224A5 (ja) | 2007-04-26 |
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US (1) | US6780220B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1625533A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2006522224A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2519784C (ja) |
IL (1) | IL170569A (ja) |
NO (1) | NO20054888L (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004086279A1 (ja) |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2006326682A (ja) * | 2005-04-27 | 2006-12-07 | Central Glass Co Ltd | 金属製造保護ガス |
JP4627045B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-27 | 2011-02-09 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | 金属製造保護ガス |
KR20200076105A (ko) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-29 | 주식회사 포스코 | 마그네슘계 합금 주조재의 제조방법 |
KR102142302B1 (ko) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-09-14 | 주식회사 포스코 | 마그네슘계 합금 주조재의 제조방법 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1625533A4 (en) | 2006-11-29 |
CA2519784C (en) | 2011-06-28 |
IL170569A (en) | 2010-05-31 |
NO20054888L (no) | 2005-10-21 |
WO2004086279A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
EP1625533A1 (en) | 2006-02-15 |
US6780220B2 (en) | 2004-08-24 |
CA2519784A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
US20030164069A1 (en) | 2003-09-04 |
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