JP2006515171A - ミトコンドリア膜に由来するミトneetポリペプチド、そのモジュレーター、及び該ミトneetポリペプチドの使用方法 - Google Patents
ミトコンドリア膜に由来するミトneetポリペプチド、そのモジュレーター、及び該ミトneetポリペプチドの使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は一般に、インスリン感作性抗糖尿病性チアゾロジンジオンに結合する、ミトコンドリア膜に由来するポリペプチド群、及び該ポリペプチド群をコードする核酸配列を同定することに関する。本発明は、本発明のポリペプチドに結合する治療薬を同定する方法に関する。本発明はまた、アンチセンス分子に関する。本発明はさらに、このような生物学的効果を必要とする哺乳動物において代謝障害を治療又は調節するのに有用な方法に関する。これはミトNEET関連代謝機能不全疾患又は状態の診断、治療又は予防を含む。これらの疾患又は状態の一例としては、PPARγ関連疾患又は状態、糖尿病、「代謝症候群」又は症候群X、心臓血管疾患、神経変性疾患、癌及び炎症性疾患であると考えられる疾患又は状態が挙げられる。本発明はまた、このようなポリペプチドに対する特異性を有する抗体に関する。加えて、本発明はさらに、代謝障害、腫瘍障害、炎症性障害及び心臓血管障害を含む広範囲の病状の治療又は予防のために、本発明のポリペプチドに対する抗体を診断プローブとして又は治療薬として使用すること、並びに、本発明のポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド配列を診断プローブとして又は治療薬として使用することに関する。
インスリン非依存性糖尿病(NIDDM)又はII型糖尿病は、骨格筋、肝臓及び脂肪を含む周辺組織のインスリン抵抗性を特徴とする。その結果として生じる高血糖はしばしば脂質代謝不全を伴う。このような脂質代謝不全は、心臓血管の合併症、例えばアテローム性動脈硬化及び高血圧を招くおそれがある。
本発明の1実施態様は、分離されたミトコンドリア膜ポリペプチド群である。これらのポリペプチドは、インスリン感作性抗糖尿病性チアゾロジンジオンと結合し、本明細書中に記載された分離核酸配列又はオリゴヌクレオチドによってコードされる。いくつかの観点において、本発明は分離タンパク質、これらの官能性変異体、又はフラグメントを含む。別の実施態様の場合、本発明のタンパク質の変異体又は断片はそれぞれの活性を維持する。好適な細胞系において発現されたタンパク質、分離タンパク質又はタンパク質断片を単独で、又はその他の関連するミトコンドリア・タンパク質と一緒に使用することにより、本明細書中で主張された治療に有用な化合物を見いだすことができる。
本発明の1実施態様は、本発明のミトNEETポリペプチドをコードする分離核酸配列である。好ましくは、核酸は:
SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ ID NO:2、SEQ ID NO:3のDNA配列、SEQ ID NO:1の残基67〜384、SEQ ID NO:2の残基112〜435、又はSEQ ID NO:3の残基133〜456と、緊縮条件下でハイブリッド形成可能な核酸配列、又は遺伝子コードの縮重を除いて前記条件下でハイブリッド形成可能な核酸配列;
SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ ID NO:2、SEQ ID NO:3、SEQ ID NO:1の残基67〜384、SEQ ID NO:2の残基112〜435、又はSEQ ID NO:3の残基133〜456のDNA配列に対して約70%以上の相同性を有する核酸配列;
SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ ID NO:2、SEQ ID NO:3、SEQ ID NO:1の残基67〜384、SEQ ID NO:2の残基112〜435、又はSEQ ID NO:3の残基133〜456の配列を含む核酸配列;及び
SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ ID NO:2、SEQ ID NO:3、SEQ ID NO:1の残基67〜384、SEQ ID NO:2の残基112〜435、又はSEQ ID NO:3の残基133〜456の相補配列
から成る群から選択される。
SEQ ID NO:4、SEQ ID NO:5又はSEQ ID NO:6のアミノ酸配列に対して約81%以上の相同性を有するアミノ酸配列;
SEQ ID NO:4、SEQ ID NO:5又はSEQ ID NO:6のアミノ酸配列の置換、欠失又は挿入変異体;及び
SEQ ID NO:4、SEQ ID NO:5又はSEQ ID NO:6の対立遺伝子変異体
から成る群から選択することができる。
当業者に知られた種々の方法によって、ミトNEETのアミノ酸配列変異体をコードするDNAを調製することができる。これらの方法の一例としては、天然源(天然発生型アミノ酸配列変異体の場合)からの分離、又はオリゴヌクレオチド媒介性(又は特定部位的)突然変異誘発、PCR突然変異誘発、及びミトNEETの早期調製された変異体又は非変異体バージョンのカセット突然変異誘発による調製が挙げられる。これらの技術は、ミトNEET核酸(DNA又はRNA)、又はミトNEET核酸に対して相補的な核酸を利用することができる。
本発明の範囲には、本発明のタンパク質又は抗体の共有結合修飾が含まれる。共有結合修飾の1タイプは、ポリペプチドの標的アミノ酸残基を有機誘導体化剤と反応させることを含む。有機誘導体化剤は、本発明のタンパク質の選択された側鎖又はN又はC末端基と反応することができる。二官能性剤を用いた誘導体化は、例えば、抗体精製法において使用するための水不溶性支持マトリックス又は支持面にタンパク質を架橋するのに有用であり、またその逆も当てはまる。一般に使用される架橋剤は、例えば1,1-ビス(ジアゾアセチル)-2-フェニルエタングルタルアルデヒド、N-ヒドロキシスクシミニド・エステル、例えば4-アジドサリチル酸を有するエステル、ジスクシニミジル・エステルを含むホモ二官能性イミドエステル、例えば3,3'-ジチオビス(スクシニミジルプロピオネート)、二官能性マレイミド、例えばビス-N-マレイミド-1,8-オクタン、及びメチル-3-[(パジドフェニル)ジチオ]プロピオイミデートを含む。
天然型又は変異型ミトNEETをコードするcDNA又はゲノムDNAを、更なるクローニング(DNAの増幅)又は発現のために複製可能なベクター内に挿入する。多くのベクターが入手可能であり、好適なベクターは、1)DNA増幅又はDNA発現のために使用されるようになっているかどうか、2)ベクター内へ挿入されるべきDNAのサイズ、及び3)ベクターが形質転換されるべき宿主細胞、に応じて選択されることになる。それぞれのベクターは、その機能(DNAの増幅又はDNAの発現)、及び適合可能な宿主細胞に応じて種々の成分を含有する。ベクター成分の一例としては、一般に、下記のうちの1つ又は2つ以上が挙げられる:シグナル配列、複製起点、1つ又は2つ以上のマーカー遺伝子、エンハンサー要素、プロモーター及び転写終結配列。
発現ベクター及びクローニング・ベクターの双方は、選択された1つ又は2つ以上の宿主細胞内でベクターが複製するのを可能にする核酸配列を含有する。一般に、クローニング・ベクターにおいて、この配列は、ベクターが宿主染色体DNAとは独立して複製するのを可能にする配列であり、複製配列又は自己複製配列の起点を含む。このような配列は種々の細菌、酵母及びウィルスに関してよく知られている。プラスミドpBR322に由来する複製起点は、ほとんどのグラム陰性細菌に適しており、2μプラスミド起点は酵母に適しており、そして種々のウィルス起点(SV40、ポリオーマ、アデノウィルス、VSV又はBPV)は、哺乳動物細胞におけるクローニング・ベクターに有用である。一般に複製成分起点は、哺乳動物発現ベクターには必要とされていない(初期プロモーターを含有するという理由だけから、SV40起点が典型的に使用されることがある)。
発現ベクター及びクローニング・ベクターは、選択可能マーカーとも呼ばれる選択遺伝子を含有すべきである。この遺伝子は、選択的培地中で成長した形質転換宿主細胞の生存又は成長に必要なタンパク質をコードする。選択遺伝子を含有するベクターで形質転換されていない宿主細胞は、培地内で生存することはない。典型的な選択遺伝子は、(a)抗生物質又はその他の毒素、例えばアンピシリン、ネオマイシン、メトトレキサート、又はテトラサイクリンに耐性を与えるタンパク質、(b)栄養要求性欠陥を補完するタンパク質、又は(c)天然培地から入手できない重要な栄養素を供給するタンパク質、をコードし、例えばBacilliに関してはD-アラニン・ラセマーゼをコードする遺伝子である。
発現ベクター及びクローニング・ベクターは通常、宿主生物によって認識されるプロモーターを含有し、ミトNEET核酸に作用可能にリンクされている。プロモーターは、構造的遺伝子の開始コドンに対して上流(5')に配置された未翻訳配列(一般に約100〜1000bP以内)であり、これらの配列は、配列が作用可能にリンクされている特定の核酸配列、例えばミトNEETの転写及び翻訳を制御する。このようなプロモーターは典型的には、2つのクラス、すなわち誘導プロモーター及び構成プロモーターに分類される。誘導プロモーターは、培養条件の何らかの変化、例えば栄養素の有無又は温度の変化に応じて、プロモーターの制御下でDNAからの転写レベルの増大を開始するプロモーターである。現時点で、種々の潜在的な宿主細胞によって認識された多数のプロモーターがよく知られている。制限酵素消化によって源DNAからプロモーターを取り出し、そして分離プロモーター配列をベクター内に挿入することにより、これらのプロモーターをミトNEETコードDNAに作用可能にリンクする。ミトNEET DNAの増幅及び/又は発現を導くために、天然型ミトNEETプロモーター配列及び多くの異種プロモーターを使用することができる。しかし、異種プロモーターが好ましい。それというのもこれらは一般に、天然型ミトNEETプロモーターと比較して、より大きな転写及びより高い収量を可能にするからである。
ベクター中にエンハンサー配列を挿入することにより、高等真核細胞によって本発明のミトNEETをコードするDNAを転写する量がしばしば増大される。エンハンサーは、通常約10〜300bpのDNAのcis活性要素であり、これらの要素は、転写量を増大させるようにプロモーターに対して作用する。エンハンサーは、配向及び位置に関して比較的独立しており、転写ユニットに対して5'(Laimins他、Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 78: 993 >1981)及び3'(Lusky他, Mol. Cell Bio., 3: 1108 >1983)の側に、イントロン内に(Banerji他, Cell, 33: 729 >1983)、並びにコード配列自体の内部(Osborne他, Mol. Cell Bio., 4: 1293 >1984)に見いだされる。多くのエンハンサー配列が現在、哺乳動物遺伝子において知られている(グロビン、エラスターゼ、アルブミン、α-フェトプロテイン及びインスリン)。とは言え、典型的には、真核細胞ウィルスに由来するエンハンサーを使用することになる。一例としては、複製起点の後期側に位置するSV40エンハンサー(bp 100-270)、サイトメガロウィルス初期プロモーター・エンハンサー、複製起点の後期側に位置するポリオーマ・エンハンサー、及びアデノウィルス・エンハンサーが挙げられる。真核生物プロモーターの活性化のための要素を促進することに関しては、Yaniv, Nature, 297: 17-18(1982)も参照されたい。エンハンサーは、ミトNEET DNAに対して位置5'又は3'で、ベクター内にスプライスすることができるが、しかしプロモーターから部位5'に配置されるのが好ましい。
真核宿主細胞(酵母、菌類、昆虫、植物、動物、ヒト、又は多細胞生物に由来する有核細胞)中に使用される発現ベクターは、転写の終結、及びmRNAの安定化に必要な配列を含有することになる。このような配列は一般に、真核生物又はウィルスのDNA又はcDNAの5'及び場合によっては3'未翻訳領域から入手可能である。これらの領域は、ミトNEETコードmRNAの未翻訳部分内でポリアデニル化断片として転写されたヌクレオチド・セグメントを含有する。3'未翻訳領域はまた、転写終結部位を含む。
本明細書中のベクターのクローニング又は発現に好適な宿主細胞は、上述の原核生物、酵母又は高等真核細胞である。好適な原核生物は、真正細菌、例えばグラム陰性又はグラム陽性生物、例えばE.coli、Bacilli、例えばB. subtilis、Pseudomonas種、例えばP. aerupinosa、Salmonella typhimurium、又はSerratia marcescensを含む。1つの好ましいE.coliクローニング宿主は、E.coli 294(ATCC 31,446)であるが、その他の菌株、例えばE.coli B、E.coli chi-1776 (ATCC 31,537)、及びE.coli W3110(ATCC 27,325)も好適である。これらの例は本発明を限定するものではなく、一例にすぎない。好ましくは、宿主細胞は最小量のタンパク質分解酵素を分泌すべきである。或いは、クローニングのin vitro法、例えばPCR又はその他の核酸ポリメラーゼ反応も好適である。
本発明のミトNEETポリペプチドを産生するために使用される原核細胞を、Sambrook他において概ね説明されているような好適な培地内で培養する。
所望の純度を有するミトNEETと、任意の生理学的に許容可能なキャリヤ、賦形剤、又は安定剤(Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (前出))とを、凍結乾燥ケーキ又は水溶液の形態で混合することにより、貯蔵のために調製する。許容可能なキャリヤ、賦形剤又は安定剤は、採用された投与量及び濃度において、受容者に対して非毒性であり、そして緩衝剤、例えばリン酸塩、クエン酸塩、及びその他の有機酸;アスコルビン酸を含む抗酸化剤;低分子量(約10個未満の残基)ポリペプチド;タンパク質、例えば血清アルブミン、ゼラチン又は免疫グロブリン;親水性ポリマー、例えばポリビニルピロリドン;アミノ酸、例えばグリシン、グルタミン、アスパラギン、アルギニン又はリシン;単糖、二糖、及び、グルコース、マンノース又はデキストリンを含むその他の炭水化物;キレート剤、例えばEDTA;糖アルコール、例えばマンニトール又はソルビトール;塩形成対イオン、例えばナトリウム;及び/又は非イオン性界面活性剤、例えばTween, Pluronics又はポリエチレングリコール(PEG)を含む。
ポリクローナル及びモノクローナル抗体調製のための標準的な技術によって、ミトNEETポリペプチドを免疫原として使用することにより、抗体を生成することができる。完全長ポリペプチド又はタンパク質を使用することができ、或いは、本発明は免疫原として使用するための抗原ペプチド断片を提供する。本発明のタンパク質の抗原ペプチドは、アミノ酸配列の8つ以上(好ましくは10, 15, 20又は30)のアミノ酸残基を含み、タンパク質のエピトープを包含するので、ペプチドに対して生じた抗体は、タンパク質との特異的免疫複合体を形成する。
ミトNEET及びアジュバントを複数回皮下(sc)又は腹腔内(ip)注射することにより、動物内にミトNEETに対するポリクローナル抗体が一般に引き起こされる。二官能価剤又は誘導体化剤を使用して、免疫化されるべき種内で免疫原性のタンパク質、例えばキーホールリンペットヘモシアニン、血清アルブミン、ウシ・サイログロブリン、又は大豆トリプシン・インヒビターに、標的アミノ酸配列を含有するミトNEET又はフラグメントを複合することが有用である場合がある。官能価剤又は誘導体化剤は例えば、マレイミドベンゾイルスルホスクシニミドエステル(システイン残基を介した複合)、N-ヒドロキシスクシニミド(リシン残基を介した複合)、グルタルアルデヒド、無水琥珀酸、SOCl2又はR'N=C=NR(R及びR'は異なるアルキル基である)である。
二重特異性抗体は、2つ以上の異なる抗原に対する結合特異性を有するモノクローナル抗体、好ましくはヒト又はヒト化抗体である。この事例において、結合特異性のうちの一方はPAに対するものであり;他方の結合特異性は、任意の他の抗原、好ましくは細胞表面タンパク質又は受容体又は受容体サブユニットに対するものである。
本明細書中で規定されたポリペプチド、並びに本明細書中で開示されたスクリーニング・アッセイによって同定された他の分子と特異結合する抗体を、製薬組成物の形態で、種々の傷害の治療のために投与することができる。
ミトNEETをコードする核酸は、組織に対して特異的な分類のための診断手段として使用することができる。例えば、in situ ハイブリッド形成法、及びノーザン及びサザン・ブロッティング法、及びPCR分析のような処置を用いて、ミトNEETをコードするDNA及び/又はRNAが、評価されている細胞型に存在するかどうかを見極めることができる。
種々のアッセイを用いることにより、ミトNEET及び/又はミトNEET関連タンパク質と相互作用する化合物に関して試験することができる。例えば、ミトNEETとの直接的な相互作用を評価するのに加えて、ミトNEETと関連する酵素活性に影響を与える能力に関して、化合物を評価することができる。その一例としては、特にミトコンドリアにおける脂肪酸酸化に関与する酵素が挙げられる。このアプローチの一例は、ミトNEETを含有する、分離された膜又は無傷のミトコンドリアを使用して、脂肪酸アシル-CoAエステルのβ-酸化の速度を測定することである。HPLCによって、又は補因子又は基質の還元速度によって評価して、生成物の出現によって代謝体を測定する(例えば図9)。次いで、これらの酵素活性に対してミトNEET活性を調節するときに活性である化合物を、無傷の細胞(例えば肝細胞、含脂肪細胞、など)中で評価することができる。この場合、細胞からの抽出後、HPLCによって中間体を測定する。次いで、これらのアッセイにおいてミトNEET活性を調節し、また治療薬になるための好適な特性をも含有する活性化合物は、糖尿病の動物モデルにおける抗糖尿病作用、例えば循環するグルコース及びインスリンのレベルの低下、及びインスリン依存性遺伝子発現の改善をもたらすことが期待される(例えばHofmann, C., Lornez, K.,及びColca, J.R.(1991) Endocrinology, 129:1915-1925; Hofmann, C., Lornez, K.,及びColca, J.R.(1991) Endocrinology, 130:735-740)。
種々のアッセイを用いることにより、心臓血管、内皮及び血管形成活性に関して、本明細書中のミトNEETを試験することができる。このようなアッセイは、下記実施例において提供されるアッセイを含む。
よく知られている種々の動物モデルを使用することにより、腫瘍の発生及び病原におけるミトNEETの役割をさらに理解し、そして抗体、及びミトNEETのその他のアンタゴニスト、例えば小分子アンタゴニストを含む候補治療薬の有効性を試験することができる。
心臓血管、内皮及び血管形成障害、例えば腫瘍に対する、細胞に基づくアッセイ及び動物モデルを用いて、本明細書中の心臓血管、内皮及び血管形成アッセイの発見事項を検証し、そしてさらに、本明細書中で規定された遺伝子と、不所望な心臓血管細胞、内皮細胞及び血管形成細胞の成長の発生及び病原との関係を理解することができる。不所望な心臓血管細胞、内皮細胞及び血管形成細胞、例えば腫瘍細胞の成長の発生及び病理におけるミトNEETの役割は、ミトNEETによって刺激又は阻害されるものとして同定されている細胞又は細胞系を使用することによって試験することができる。
本発明は、ミトNEET機能を調節する化合物を同定するために、化合物をスクリーニングする方法を包含する。モジュレーター候補のスクリーニング・アッセイは、ミトNEETと結合又は複合する化合物、又はミトNEETと他の細胞タンパク質との相互作用を妨害する化合物を同定するように構成される。このようなスクリーニング・アッセイは、化学ライブラリーのハイスループット・スクリーニングを施しやすいアッセイを含むことになり、これによりアッセイは小分子薬物候補の同定に特に適したものになる。
症候群X(代謝症候群を含む)は、過剰インスリン血、肥満、トリグリセリド、尿酸、20フィブリノゲン、低密度LDL粒子、プラスミノゲン・アクチベーター・インヒビター1(PaI-1)のレベルの上昇、及びHDLcレベルの低下を含む異常の集まりとして緩やかに定義されている。
生体試料中の本発明のポリペプチド又は核酸の存在又は不存在を検出する方法の例は、被験者から生体試料を獲得し、生体試料と、本発明のポリペプチド又は核酸(例えばmRNA, ゲノムDNA)を検出することができる化合物又は物質とを接触させることにより、本発明のポリペプチド又は核酸を生体試料中で検出することに関与する。ミトNEETポリペプチドをコードするmRNA又はゲノムDNAを検出するための好ましい物質は、ミトNEETポリペプチドをコードするmRNA又はゲノムDNAとハイブリッド形成することができる標識付き核酸プローブである。核酸プローブは例えば完全長cDNA、例えばSEQ ID NO:1の核酸、又はその一部、例えば最小で15, 30, 50, 100, 250又は500ヌクレオチド長で、ミトNEETポリペプチドをコードするmRNA又はゲノムDNAと緊縮条件下で特異的にハイブリッド形成するのに十分なオリゴヌクレオチドであってよい。本発明の診断アッセイに使用するのに適した他のプローブが本明細書中に記載されている。
本明細書中に記載された方法をさらに診断アッセイ又は予後アッセイとして利用することにより、患者がミトNEETポリペプチドの異常発現又は活性と関連する疾患又は障害を有しているか、又はこのような疾患又は障害を引き起こすリスクを有していることを同定することができる。例えば、本明細書に記載されたアッセイ、例えば、先行診断アッセイ又は後続アッセイを利用することにより、被験者がミトNEETポリペプチドの異常発現又は活性と関連する障害を有しているか、或いはこのような障害を引き起こすリスクを有していることを同定することができる。或いは、診断アッセイを利用することにより、被験者がこのような疾患又は障害を有しているか、或いはこのような疾患又は障害を引き起こすリスクを有していることを同定することもできる。このように、本発明は、試験試料を被験者から獲得し、そして本発明のポリペプチド又は核酸(例えばmRNA, ゲノムDNA)を検出し、ポリペプチド又は核酸が存在する場合、被験者がポリペプチド異常発現又は活性と関連する疾患又は障害に罹患しているか、又はこのような障害を引き起こすリスクを有すると診断される。本明細書に記載された「試験試料」は、当該被験者から得られた生体試料を意味する。例えば試験試料は体液(例えば血清)、細胞試料、又は組織であってよい。
本明細書中に記載されたスクリーニング・アッセイによって同定して、ミトNEETポリペプチドの活性又は発現に対して刺激効果又は阻害効果を有する物質又はモジュレーターを個体に投与することにより、ポリペプチドの異常活性と関連する障害を(予防的又は治療的に)処理することができる。このような処理と相俟って、個体の薬理ゲノム学(すなわち、個体の遺伝子型と、外来化合物又は薬物に対するその個体の応答との間の関係についての研究)的特性を考察することができる。治療の代謝の相違は、薬理学的に活性な薬物の投与量と血中濃度との関係を変化させることによって、重大な毒性又は治療の失敗を招くおそれがある。従って、個体の薬理ゲノム学的特性は、個体の遺伝子型の考察に応じて、予防又は治療のために効果的な物質(例えば薬物)の選択を可能にする。このような薬理ゲノム学的特性は、適切な投与量及び治療計画を見極めるためにさらに用いられる。個体中のミトNEETポリペプチドの活性、本発明の核酸の発現、又は本発明の遺伝子の突然変異含量を見極めることにより、個体の治療又は予防に好適な物質を選択することができる。
ミトNEETポリペプチドの発現又は活性(例えば異常な細胞増殖及び/又は分化を調節する能力)に対する物質(例えば薬物、化合物)の影響は、基本的な薬物スクリーニングにおいてだけではなく、臨床試験においてもモニタリングすることができる。例えば、本明細書に記載されたスクリーニング・アッセイによって見極めた、遺伝子発現、タンパク質レベル又はタンパク質活性を増大させるための物質の有効性を、遺伝子発現、タンパク質レベル又はタンパク質活性の減小を示す患者の臨床試験において、モニタリングすることができる。或いは、スクリーニング・アッセイによって見極めた、遺伝子発現、タンパク質レベル又はタンパク質活性を減小させるための物質の有効性を、遺伝子発現、タンパク質レベル又はタンパク質活性の増大を示す患者の臨床試験において、モニタリングすることができる。このような臨床試験の場合、ミトNEETポリペプチドの発現又は活性、及び好ましくは、前立腺癌に関連しているその他のポリペプチドの発現又は活性を、マーカーとして用いることができる。
目下好ましいin vitro核酸転移技術は、ウィルス(例えばアデノウィルス、レンチウィルス、I型単純ヘルペス・ウィルス、又はアデノ随伴ウィルス(AAV))ベクター、又は非ウィルス・ベクターのトランスフェクション、及び脂質に基づくシステムを含む(遺伝子の脂質媒介性転移のための有用な脂質は、例えばDOTMA、DOPE、及びDC-Cholであり;例えばTonkinson他、Cancer Investigation, 11M:54-65(1996)を参照されたい)。遺伝子治療に使用するのに最も好ましいベクターは、ウィルス、最も好ましくはアデノウィルス、AAV、レンチウィルス、又はレトロウィルスである。ウィルスベクター、例えばレトロウィルス・ベクターは、1つ以上の転写プロモーター/エンハンサー又は遺伝子座定義要素、又は他の手段、例えば交互スプライシング、核RNA輸送、又はメッセンジャーの翻訳後修飾による遺伝子発現を制御するその他の要素を含む。加えて、レトロウィルス・ベクターのようなウィルス・ベクターは核酸分子を含み、この核酸分子は、ミトNEETコード遺伝子の存在において転写されると、この遺伝子に作用リンクされ、そして翻訳開始配列として作用する。このようなベクター構造はまた、パッケージング・シグナル、長い末端反復配列(LTR)又はこれらの一部、及び、使用されたウィルスに適した正及び負の鎖プライマー結合部位(これらがウィルス・ベクター内に既存でなければ)を含む。加えて、このようなベクターは典型的には、ミトNEETが配置された宿主細胞からミトNEETを分泌させるためのシグナル配列を含む。好ましくは、これを目的とするシグナル配列は哺乳動物シグナル配列、最も好ましくはミトNEETに対応する天然型シグナル配列である。任意には、ベクター構造は、ポリアデニル化を導くシグナル、並びに、1つ又は2つ以上の制限部位及び翻訳集結配列を含むこともできる。例えば、このようなベクターは典型的には、5'LTR、tRNA結合部位、パッケージング・シグナル、第2鎖DNA合成の基点、及びYLTR又はその部分を含む。非ウィルスベクターである他のベクター、例えばカチオン性脂質、ポリリジン、及びデンドリマーを使用することができる。
ミトNEET又はそのモジュレーターの治療上有効な投与量は、もちろん、治療(予防を含む)されるべき病理状態、投与方法、治療に使用されている化合物のタイプ、関与する同時治療、患者の年齢、重量、一般医療状態、病歴などのようなファクターに応じて変化することになり、そして投与量の決定法は当業者によく知られている。従って、医師は投与量を滴定し、そして必要に応じて投与経路を変えることにより、最大治療効果を得ることになる。ミトNEETがヒト・ミトNEETを含むヒト患者調製物の治療のための狭い宿主域を有している場合、天然型配列ヒト・ミトNEETが好ましい。医師は、投与量が当該状態の治療にとって望ましい効果を達成する量になるまで、ミトNEETを投与することになる。例えば、目的がCHFの治療である場合、その量は、この状態と関連する進行性心臓肥大を阻害する量である。この治療の進行状況は、心エコー検査によって容易にモニタリングされる。同様に、肥大型心筋症患者において、ミトNEETは経験に基づいて投与することができる。
当該障害を予防又は治療する上でのミトNEET又はそのモジュレーターの有効性は、活性物質を連続的に、又はこの目的にとって効果的な別の物質との組み合わせにおいて、同じ組成物中で又は別個の組成物として投与することによって改善することができる。例えば、糖尿病又はインスリン抵抗症候群(例えば症候群X)の治療のために、化合物/物質を、PPARγモジュレーター、メトホルミン、スルホニル尿素、又はその他のインスリン分泌モジュレーター、α-グルコシダーゼ阻害剤、及び/又はインスリンと合体させることができる。他の脂質低下剤、特にアトルバスタチン及び同様の物質と合体させることにより、より有利にすることが可能になる。減量治療との組み合わせも考えられる。心臓肥大の治療のために、ミトNEET治療を、既知の心臓ミオアサイト肥大ファクターの阻害剤、例えばcc-アドレナリン作用薬の薬(例えばフェニルエフリン);エンドセリン-1阻害剤(例えばBOSENTAN(登録商標)及びMOXONODIN(登録商標));CT-1に対する阻害剤(米国特許第5,679,545号明細書);LIFに対する阻害剤;ACE阻害剤;デス-アスパルテート-アンジオテンシンI阻害剤(米国特許第5,773,415号明細書)、及びアンジオテンシンII阻害剤の投与と組み合わせることができる。
4-アジド-N-[2-({[6-(2-{4-[(2,4-ジオキソ-1,3-チアゾリジン-5-イル)メチル]フェノキシ}エチル)ピリジン-3-イル]アセチル}アミノ)エチル]-2-ヒドロキシベンズアミドの合成及びヨウ素処理
分離された架橋済タンパク質を同定するために、摘出された架橋済タンパク質を還元し、アルキル化し、そしてDigestPro ロボット(ABIMED)を使用して、変性ブタ・トリプシン(Promega)でin-situ消化した。手短に言えば、ゲルスポットを反応バイアル内に置き、そしてPeltier 加熱/反応ブロック内で固定した。600μlマイクロバイアル(BioRad)からキャップを取り除き、そして捕集ラック内に置くことにより、ペプチド捕集管を調製した。消化されたペプチドを60%アセトニトリル/5%ギ酸で抽出した。ペプチド抽出物を、乾燥させて水中10μlの5%ギ酸中で戻すまで、Speed-VAC遠心分離器内に置いた。
タンパク質同定のために使用された最終ゲル上の材料量を最適化し、同定を確認するために、最大80レーンの個別の反応物をマーキングし、ゲル・バンドを切り出した。再水和及び乾燥を利用して、これらのレーンからミトNEETを溶離する手順を開発した。乾燥ゲル上に17-kDaオートラジオグラム・バンドを配向し、125I画像の上側コーナー及び下側コーナーの両方で、20ゲージ・ニードルを使用して位置マーキングした。バンドを切り出し、そして乾燥済ゲル切片をH2Oの液滴で再水和した。「水溶離された」ミトNEETを濃縮し、そしてさらに、MS/MS同定前にSDS-PAGE上で精製するか、又はCnBr断片の生成のために使用した。当該タンパク質バンドを外科用メスで再び切り出し、そして乾燥させたゲル切片をH2Oの液滴で再水和した。70%ギ酸中で調製された40mM CnBr(Sigma)500μlとともにインキュベーションすることにより、CnBr消化を達成した。室温で一晩にわたって消化した後、ゲル切片をSpeed Vac Concentrator(Savant)内で乾燥させ、500μlの水で再水和し、そして再び乾燥させた。次いでゲル切片を200μl H2O中で再水和し、そして、水溶離によってCnBr断片を放出した。これらのゲルの電気溶離によって、更なる回収が生じることはなかった。試料を最後に濃縮し、そして18% Tris-グリシンゲル(Invitrogen)上で走行させた。電気泳動に続いて、ゲルをImmobilon-Psq(Millipore)にブロットした。ブロットを0.1% クーマシーR-250で染色し、脱染し、そして空気乾燥させた。ブロットを-80℃でBiomax MS フィルムに暴露し、このフィルムは、6-kDa断片を同定した。この断片には、アミノ末端配列決定を施した。Applied Biosystems モデル492 Procise cLCタンパク質シーケンサー上で、自動エドマン分解法によって、アミノ末端配列決定を実施した。
ミトNEET同定を確認するための抗体の生成は、まず、抗体をそれに対して生じさせるのに好適なペプチドを同定することを伴う。4-アジド-N-[2-({[6-(2-{4-[(2,4-ジオキソ-1,3-チアゾリジン-5-イル)メチル]フェノキシ}エチル)ピリジン-3-イル]アセチル}アミノ)エチル]-2-ヒドロキシベンズアミドとの架橋から同定されたタンパク質を、J. F. Kezdy及びR. A. Poormanによって社内で開発された一連のコンピュータ・プログラムを用いて評価した。両親媒性らせん領域は、抗原部位である確率が極めて高い。主要プログラムは、両親媒性アルファらせんパターンに対応するタンパク質を試験する。次いでこれらの配列を、Cho-Fasman及びロビンソンの予測配座プログラムによって試験することにより、実際に潜在的な両親媒性らせんがタンパク質配座内に存在する任意の確率を有するかどうかを見る。3つのプログラム全てが一致すると、この配列は、タンパク質標的と交差反応する抗ペプチド抗体を産生する高い確率を有する。3つのペプチドを選び、そしてApplied Biosystems 433Aペプチド合成器上で合成した。9-フルオレニルメトキシカルボニル(Fmoc)基を、Nα-アミノ保護基として使用した。それぞれの残基は、HBTU/NMPプロトコルを使用して単一カップリングした。N-末端Fmoc基の除去後、一時的側鎖保護基を除去し、そして95% TFA/5%スカベンジャー(エチルメチルスルフィド/アニソール/1,2-エタンジチオール, 1:3:1)で2時間にわたって室温で処理することにより、ペプチドをこれらの樹脂から切断した。未加工ペプチドを、低温ジエチルエーテルを用いて切断溶液から沈降させ、濾過し、希酢酸中に溶解し、減圧下で乾燥するまで蒸発させ、そして残留物を再溶解し、そして水から凍結乾燥させた。未加工ペプチドを水中に溶解させ、濾過し、そして調製逆相カラム(Vydac C-18, 22 x 250mm, 10ミクロン)上に4ml/分100%A(A:水中0/1% TFA、B:アセトニトリル中0.07%TFA)でローディングした。使用された勾配は0〜10%B、10分間、次いで10〜50% B、200分間であった。220nm及び280nmにおける吸光度によってカラム流出物をモニタリングした。分析逆相システム(Vydac C-18, 4.6 x 250nm, 5ミクロン)、上述の溶剤及び波長において、1.0ml/分で20分間の0から70%Bの線形勾配を用いて画分をモニタリングした。画分をプールし、減圧下でアセトニトリルを蒸発させ、そして水溶液を凍結乾燥させた。オープンアクセス・エレクトロスプレイ質量分析によって、ペプチドを特徴付けた。
2匹のウサギそれぞれを、ペプチド毎に、3注入プロトコルに基づいて免疫化した。それえぞれの事例において、全てのペプチドに対する、スポット濃度投与量曲線(0.01〜10μg)に対して血清を試験した。ペプチドA及びBに関しては、最初の採血以後、正の反応を得た。ペプチドCは免疫応答を顕在化させなかった。A又はBに対する抗血清は、他のペプチドのいずれに対しても交差反応することはなかった。
実施例6のように合成された完全長ミトNEETを、N末端ビオチンを含有するように伸長させる。ストレプトアビジン・ビードにミトNEETを付着させた結果、ミトコンドリア源から可溶化された多数のタンパク質が選択的に会合した(図9)。多数のこれらのタンパク質は同定されており、脂肪酸酸化に関与することが知られている。可溶化ミトコンドリア調製物に過剰合成ミトNEETを添加することにより、脂肪酸酸化が阻害される(図10)。ミトNEET機能を調節すると、脂肪酸酸化が増大すると予期される。本明細書中に記載したような有用なモジュレーターを見いだすためのこのようなアプローチは、内生的又は過剰発現型ミトNEETを含有する合成ペプチド又は膜とともに採用することができる。
Claims (15)
- ミトNEET関連代謝機能不全疾患又は状態の治療、予防又は診断に有用な化合物を同定する方法であって、前記化合物がミトNEETと直接的に相互作用するかどうかを測定するステップを含む前記方法。
- 前記ミトNEET関連代謝機能不全疾患又は状態が、代謝機能不全、糖尿病、ブドウ糖耐性異常、肥満、心臓血管障害、癌又は腫瘍、神経変性障害、又は炎症性障害から成る群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記方法が、インスリン非依存性糖尿病の治療、予防又は診断に有用な化合物を同定するために行われる、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記方法が、アルツハイマー病又はパーキンソン病の治療、予防又は診断に有用な化合物を同定するために行われる、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 該化合物がミトNEETと直接的に相互作用するかどうかを測定するステップにおいて、該ステップが、標識付きチアゾロジンジオン類似体の特異結合を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記標識付きチアゾロジンジオン類似体がPPARγ節約型である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記チアゾロジンジオン類似体が、4-アジド-N-[2-({[6-(2-{4-[(2,4-ジオキソ-1,3-チアゾリジン-5-イル)メチル]フェノキシ}エチル)ピリジン-3-イル]アセチル}アミノ)エチル]-2-ヒドロキシベンズアミドである、請求項6に記載の方法。
- ミトNEET関連代謝機能不全疾患又は状態を治療又は予防する方法であって、該治療又は予防を必要とする哺乳動物に、請求項1に記載の方法によって同定された治療上有効量の化合物を投与することを含む前記方法。
- 前記ミトNEET関連代謝機能不全疾患又は状態が、糖尿病、ブドウ糖耐性異常、肥満、心臓血管障害、癌又は腫瘍、神経変性障害、又は炎症性障害から成る群から選択される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記方法が、インスリン非依存性糖尿病、アテローム性動脈硬化、高血圧、アルツハイマー病又はパーキンソン病の治療のために行われる、請求項9に記載の方法。
- ミトNEETポリペプチドに免疫特異的に結合する抗体。
- 哺乳動物細胞のミトNEET関連代謝機能不全疾患又は状態と相関する示差発現遺伝子を検出する方法であって、該方法が、ミトNEET関連代謝機能不全疾患又は状態から生じたと疑われる細胞に由来する試験試料中で、ミトNEET核酸配列によってコードされた1種以上の示差発現遺伝子生成物を検出するステップを含み、示差発現生成物が検出されると、このことは、該試料が由来する該細胞のミトNEET関連代謝機能不全疾患又は状態と相関されることを特徴とする前記方法。
- 患者における代謝障害の進行をモニタリングする方法であって、該方法が:
a) 最初の時点で、患者試料中で、分離されたミトNEETポリペプチドであるマーカーの発現を検出し;
b) 後続の時点で、ステップa)を繰り返し;そして
c) ステップa)及びb)で検出された発現のレベルを比較し、そしてこれから、該代謝障害の進行をモニタリングする
ことを含むことを特徴とする前記方法。 - 代謝障害を直すための試験化合物の有効性を評価する方法であって、該方法が:
a) 該試験化合物に暴露された、患者から得られた第1試料中での、分離ミトNEETポリペプチド又は関連ポリペプチドであるマーカーの発現と、
b) 該試験化合物に暴露されない、該患者から得られた第2試料中での該マーカーの発現と
を比較することを含み、
該第2試料に対して、該第1試料中でのマーカーの発現レベルが有意に低い場合、このことは、該試験化合物が治療にとって有効であることを示すことを特徴とする、前記方法。 - 患者におけるミトNEET関連代謝機能不全疾患又は状態を治療、予防又は診断するための化合物を選択する方法であって、該方法が:
(a) 前記患者から試料細胞を得;
(b) 複数の試験化合物の存在において、該試料のアリコートを別個に暴露し;
(c) 該アリコートのそれぞれにおける、SEQ ID NO:4、SEQ ID NO:5及びSEQ ID NO:6のマーカーから成る群から選択されたマーカーの発現、又は該マーカーの翻訳後修飾を比較し、そして
(d) 当該試験化合物を含有するアリコート中での該マーカーの発現レベルを、他の試験組成物に対して変化させる試験化合物のうちの1つを選択する
ことを含むことを特徴とする、前記方法。
3
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US43152002P | 2002-12-06 | 2002-12-06 | |
PCT/US2003/037476 WO2004053059A2 (en) | 2002-12-06 | 2003-11-25 | Mitoneet polypeptide from mitochondrial membranes, modulators thereof, and methods of using the same |
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US (1) | US20050043361A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1585391A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2006515171A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003295843A1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR0316923A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2508346A1 (ja) |
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WO2006123182A2 (en) | 2005-05-17 | 2006-11-23 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Limited | Cyclohexyl sulphones for treatment of cancer |
EP1978964A4 (en) | 2006-01-24 | 2009-12-09 | Merck & Co Inc | JAK2 tyrosine kinase Inhibition |
WO2010114780A1 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2010-10-07 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | Inhibitors of akt activity |
MX2012004377A (es) | 2009-10-14 | 2012-06-01 | Merck Sharp & Dohme | Piperidinas sustituidas que aumentan la actividad de p53 y sus usos. |
WO2011163330A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 | 2011-12-29 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | Novel heterocyclic compounds as erk inhibitors |
EP2613782B1 (en) | 2010-09-01 | 2016-11-02 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | Indazole derivatives useful as erk inhibitors |
WO2012087772A1 (en) | 2010-12-21 | 2012-06-28 | Schering Corporation | Indazole derivatives useful as erk inhibitors |
WO2012109495A1 (en) * | 2011-02-09 | 2012-08-16 | Metabolic Solutions Development Company, Llc | Cellular targets of thiazolidinediones |
WO2013063214A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2013-05-02 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | Novel compounds that are erk inhibitors |
RU2660429C2 (ru) | 2012-09-28 | 2018-07-06 | Мерк Шарп И Доум Корп. | Новые соединения, которые являются ингибиторами erk |
JP6290237B2 (ja) | 2012-11-28 | 2018-03-07 | メルク・シャープ・アンド・ドーム・コーポレーションMerck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | 癌を処置するための組成物および方法 |
AR094116A1 (es) | 2012-12-20 | 2015-07-08 | Merck Sharp & Dohme | Imidazopiridinas sustituidas como inhibidores de hdm2 |
EP2951180B1 (en) | 2013-01-30 | 2018-05-02 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | 2,6,7,8 substituted purines as hdm2 inhibitors |
JOP20190055A1 (ar) | 2016-09-26 | 2019-03-24 | Merck Sharp & Dohme | أجسام مضادة ضد cd27 |
WO2018071283A1 (en) | 2016-10-12 | 2018-04-19 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | Kdm5 inhibitors |
KR20240135066A (ko) | 2017-04-13 | 2024-09-10 | 사이로파 비.브이. | 항-sirp 알파 항체 |
WO2019094311A1 (en) | 2017-11-08 | 2019-05-16 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | Prmt5 inhibitors |
WO2019148412A1 (en) | 2018-02-01 | 2019-08-08 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | Anti-pd-1/lag3 bispecific antibodies |
EP3749292A1 (en) | 2018-02-08 | 2020-12-16 | ENYO Pharma | Use of modulators of neet proteins for the treatment of infection |
US11981701B2 (en) | 2018-08-07 | 2024-05-14 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Llc | PRMT5 inhibitors |
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- 2003-11-25 EP EP03787055A patent/EP1585391A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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MXPA05006035A (es) | 2005-08-18 |
CA2508346A1 (en) | 2004-06-24 |
AU2003295843A1 (en) | 2004-06-30 |
US20050043361A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
WO2004053059A2 (en) | 2004-06-24 |
WO2004053059A3 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
BR0316923A (pt) | 2005-10-18 |
AU2003295843A8 (en) | 2004-06-30 |
EP1585391A2 (en) | 2005-10-19 |
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