JP2006034204A - Method for cultivation of strawberry - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable the harvest of strawberry in a hot season by a simple facility without using a temporary planting bed. <P>SOLUTION: A mother stock is planted in the middle term of a hot season under natural conditions, a hot long-day environment is maintained until the former stage or the former half period of the middle stage of a cold season by using a warming facility and an illumination culture facility of a greenhouse, and the runner grown under the condition is subjected to a seedling collection and a fix planting procedure. Strawberry fruit can be harvested in the hot season under the natural conditions by this process. The combination of the culture method of this invention with a conventional culture method in ordinary seasons enables the harvest of fruit in a hot season under natural conditions by the culture method of this invention and the harvest in a cold season by the conventional culture method in ordinary seasons and, accordingly, strawberry fruit can be harvested and shipped throughout the year. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a strawberry cultivation method, and more particularly to a strawberry cultivation method capable of saving labor and increasing efficiency in strawberry cultivation. The present invention also relates to a method for cultivating strawberries, which is particularly suitable for harvesting strawberry of seasonal varieties in summer and autumn.

  In general, strawberry cultivation of a seasonal varieties is established by planting a parent strain around March to April, growing a runner (child) until June to July, transplanting it to a temporary planting bed, and raising it for about one month. From late July to August, it is treated with low-temperature short-day treatment to differentiate into flower buds, planted in the main field around early September, and fruits are harvested from mid-November to late May. In terms of the strawberry physiology, the seasonal varieties of strawberries are hardly cultivated and shipped from early summer to autumn in June-November. Most of the demand during this period depends on seasonal varieties or imports from foreign countries, but these strawberries are inferior in taste, so seasonal varieties are harvested from early summer to autumn. Ingenuity has been studied in recent years.

In Patent Documents 1 and 2, the ground temperature in the vicinity of the rhizosphere of seedlings planted in the main field is maintained at 13 to 25 ° C., and a short-day environment can be artificially formed by a light-shielding sheet or the like, whereby flower bud differentiation is performed in the main field. Discloses a technique for continuously inducing fruit over the year and harvesting fruits from the same seedlings in the same field over the years including summer and autumn.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-63519 JP-A-6-90614

  However, in both the normal strawberry cultivation conventionally performed or the strawberry cultivation disclosed in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 described above, in the stage before planting in the main field, after planting the seedling, It is transplanted and then seedlings are raised for a predetermined period until it settles. In addition, if necessary, after low-temperature short-day treatment for inducing flower bud differentiation at the later stage of the seedling period, the plants are planted in this field. Therefore, conventional strawberry cultivation requires a temporary planting floor for raising seedlings in addition to the main field, and it is necessary to secure a space for installing the temporary planting in a limited greenhouse, which is also a cost burden. ing.

  On the other hand, the techniques disclosed in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 both embed a cooling pipe in a cultivation container in the main field and maintain flower bud differentiation over the year in the main field. Therefore, fine temperature control and day long time control are always required for the entire year compared with the usual cultivation method that only requires low temperature short day treatment, and the work is complicated and there is a problem in terms of running cost.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above, and it is not necessary to use a temporary planting bed, the space necessary for raising seedlings can be reduced, the cultivation area of the main field can be expanded, and the cultivation cost can be reduced. It aims at providing the cultivation method of a strawberry. In addition, the present invention enables harvesting in a high temperature season while having a simple configuration that does not require the use of a temporary planting bed, and further enables harvesting for the entire year by combining with a conventional cultivation method that is conventionally performed. An object is to provide a method for cultivating strawberries.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention according to claim 1 is a method for cultivating strawberries in a greenhouse,
A breeding process for maintaining a high temperature long day environment for a predetermined period and generating a runner from the parent strain,
A seedling step of separating the seedlings that have grown on the runners with a predetermined length of runners in a substantially unrooted state,
A planting step of planting the separated child stock as it is in the main field, and inserting a tip of a runner associated with the child strain into the medium of the main field,
The present invention provides a method for cultivating strawberries characterized in that the above-mentioned stocks are grown in a main field and the fruits are harvested.
In this invention of Claim 2, it is a method of growing a strawberry in a greenhouse,
Planting the parent stock in the middle of the high temperature season under natural conditions, using the heat insulation and lighting equipment installed in the greenhouse as needed, until the first half of the low temperature season or the first half of the low temperature season under the natural conditions A breeding process to maintain a high temperature long day environment and generate runners,
A seedling step of separating the seedlings that have grown on the runners with a predetermined length of runners in a substantially unrooted state,
A planting step of planting the separated child stock as it is in the main field, and inserting a tip of a runner associated with the child strain into the medium of the main field,
Provided is a method for cultivating strawberries, characterized in that the above-mentioned stocks are grown in a main field and fruits are harvested in a high temperature season under natural conditions.
In this invention of Claim 3, in the said seedling process, seedlings are harvested in a state where a runner having a length of 10 cm or more is attached to the child stock. The method for cultivating strawberries according to Claim 1 or 2 I will provide a.
In this invention of Claim 4, the runner attached to a child stock in the said seedling process is a runner of the front | former stage side near a parent stock, The cultivation of the strawberry of any one of Claims 1-3 characterized by the above-mentioned. Provide a method.
In this invention of Claim 5, in the said proliferation process, using a means to plant a parent stock in the cultivation container installed in predetermined height, and to make a runner protrude outward of this cultivation container and to extend below. The cultivation method of the strawberry of any one of Claims 1-4 characterized by the above-mentioned is provided.
The present invention according to claim 6 provides the method for cultivating strawberries according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a low temperature short day environment is maintained for a predetermined period after planting in the main field.
In the present invention according to claim 7, the high temperature season is from June to November, the low temperature season is from December to May of the following year, the middle high temperature season for planting the parent strain is from August to September, and the high temperature long day environment. 3. The method for cultivating strawberries according to claim 2, wherein the first low temperature season for maintaining the temperature is from December to January of the following year, and the middle low temperature season is from February to March.

  The method for cultivating strawberries according to the present invention is to separate a child stock grown on a runner generated from a parent strain while maintaining a high-temperature long-day environment for a predetermined period, with a runner of a predetermined length accompanied by a substantially unrooted state. The plant includes the step of planting the offspring as it is in the main field and inserting the tip of the runner associated with the subline into the medium of the main field. For this reason, unlike the past, it is not necessary to use a temporary planting floor, the facility cost can be reduced, and a wider main field area can be secured. In addition, since the seedlings are planted in a substantially unrooted state, new roots can be directly grown on the medium of the main field, and compared with the conventional cultivation method of transplanting from the temporary planting bed to the main field, replanting is possible. There is no stress on the roots, and the water-absorbing function of the plant can be kept good. On the other hand, since it is planted in a substantially unrooted state, it does not have roots that can sufficiently absorb nutrient water from the medium immediately after planting, but according to the present invention, a runner of a predetermined length remains attached. Since the seedling is collected and the tip of the runner is inserted into the medium, the nutrient water is supplied through the runner. For this reason, a sufficient survival rate can be expected in spite of planting directly in the main field in a substantially unrooted state.

  In addition, the method for cultivating strawberries according to the present invention planted the parent strain in the middle of the high temperature season under natural conditions, and uses the heat insulation equipment and the lighting equipment installed in the greenhouse as needed, and the low temperature season in the natural conditions in the first half or middle period By maintaining a high-temperature long-day environment until the first half has passed, generating a runner, and then going through the seedling and planting steps, the same effects as described above can be achieved, and natural conditions Fruits can be harvested during the high temperature season below. For this reason, by combining the cultivation method of the present invention and the conventional cultivation method of the normal time, the fruits obtained by the cultivation method of the present invention can be harvested in the high temperature season under natural conditions, and the conventional method is used in the low temperature season. Since the fruit obtained by the usual cultivation method can be harvested, the fruit can be harvested and shipped throughout the year.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on embodiments. In the present embodiment, a method for harvesting fruits in a high temperature season will be described as an example. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the cultivation process. As used herein, “high temperature season under natural conditions” refers to the season from June to November in Japan, that is, summer to autumn, and “low temperature season under natural conditions” refers to December. ~ May, that is, the season from winter to spring. Further, in the high temperature season or the low temperature season, the “first term” is defined as the first two months of each season, the “mid term” is defined as the middle two months, and the second term is defined as the last two months.

(Parent planting)
First, the parent plant is planted on the parent plant bed in the middle of the high temperature season under natural conditions, preferably from early August to late August. In order to enable harvesting of fruits in the high temperature season, this is because seedlings are harvested from the middle to the late season of the low temperature season, preferably from February to March of the following year. This is because there are many aging seedlings, and a sufficient number of seedlings cannot be secured when planted late. From the viewpoint of labor saving, it is preferable that the seedling used as a parent strain is a melicron seedling that has a large number of offspring that are vigorously generated by runners and that does not require a low-temperature treatment operation for breaking dormancy. Of course, it is also possible to use seeds of other seasonal varieties that have been subjected to a predetermined low-temperature treatment to break dormancy.

(Proliferation process)
After planting the parent strain, maintain a high-temperature long-day environment and grow runners (children). By maintaining a high-temperature long-day environment, the generation of runners increases. High temperature long day environment means that the temperature in the vicinity of the planting of the parent strain is kept at least 20 ° C or higher during the day, preferably 20 to 30 ° C, at night or at least 5 ° C or higher, preferably 10 to 20 ° C, day long Is maintained for at least 10 hours, preferably 12 to 15 hours, and is maintained until the first low temperature season (December to January) passes under natural conditions, or the first half of the low temperature season (February) Keep until. The long day environment can be maintained by interrupting light by performing illumination for 2 to 3 hours at night as needed. At this time, if necessary, for example, from October to mid-February, a heater installed in the greenhouse or a pipe in the medium or on the upper surface of the medium as disclosed in JP-A-6-90614 A high temperature environment is maintained by operating heat insulation equipment such as means for supplying water (hot water) of a predetermined temperature to the pipe. Similarly, if necessary, the lighting equipment placed above the parent floor is operated to maintain a long-day environment. By maintaining the high temperature long day environment for a predetermined period in this way, the tree is maintained even after entering the low temperature season, and the generation of runners is actively promoted.

  Here, as the parent stock floor 1, it is preferable to use a cultivation container 2 installed at a predetermined height as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 6-284826 of the present applicant (see FIG. 2). By filling the medium 22 in such an elevated cultivation container 2 and using it as the parent strain floor 1, the runner 11 generated from the parent strain 10 planted in the medium 22 in the cultivation container 2 can be removed from the cultivation container 2. And can be extended downward. Thereby, compared with the case where a runner (child stock) is propagated planarly by soil cultivation, the cultivation area of the parent stock floor 1 can be reduced, the limited space in the greenhouse can be used effectively, and the cultivation area of the main farm is increased. It is possible.

  When such an elevated parent stock floor 1 is used, the roots of the child stock 12 growing on the elongating runner 11 are difficult to settle because the soil is not attached. For this reason, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-23741, the present applicant provides a subculture medium (not shown) for receiving the offspring 12 in a plurality of stages at an appropriate height, and has grown. 12 is planted in the seedling culture medium, and a means for increasing the root survival rate is proposed. However, in the present invention, in the seedling process, since it is only necessary to seed the seedlings in a substantially unrooted state as described later, it is not necessary to provide the above-mentioned seedling culture medium, which is shown in FIG. Such a simple structure can be used effectively. In JP-A-6-284826, a water-permeable sheet is provided in the vicinity of the root zone of the child stock 12 in order to increase the survival rate. However, in this embodiment, such a water-permeable sheet is not provided. A simpler configuration may be used. As a result, in this embodiment, the cost required for the equipment (propagation equipment) of the parent stock floor 1 can be reduced.

(Seedling process)
After the growth process is completed, that is, after the first half of the low temperature season (December to January) or the first half of the middle period (February), the seedlings are collected. At this time, as shown in FIG. 3, the seedling 12 is harvested in a substantially unrooted state. The “substantially unrooted root” refers to a young seedling having 1 to 30 root primordials 13 protruding from the offspring 12. On the other hand, since it is difficult to grow the seedling 12 in such a young seedling state directly in the main field, in the present invention, the seedling 12 is seeded with a predetermined length of the runner 11 attached thereto, As will be described later, means for inserting the tip of the runner 11 into the medium of the main field including the cut end is employed.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the length of the runner 11 to be attached is preferably 10 cm or more, and more preferably in the range of 15 to 40 cm. By increasing the length of the runner 11 to be accompanied by 10 cm or more, immediately after planting, the seedling 12 can immediately use the nutrient water remaining in the runner, and the growth of the base 13 and the growth of the root are promoted. At the same time, since the nutrient water in the medium is absorbed by the offspring 12 through the cut end of the runner 11, it is possible to grow the offspring 12 that has been seeded in a substantially unrooted state as described above. . When the length of the runner 11 to be accompanied is less than 10 cm, particularly less than 5 cm, the amount of water nourishing remaining in the runner 11 is small, and until the nutrient water starts to be sucked up smoothly from the medium via the runner 11, The wilting of the child stock 12 occurs, and the survival rate is reduced. Moreover, it is preferable that the runner 11 associated with the child stock 12 is the runner 11 on the front side of the stock 12, that is, the runner 11 closer to the parent stock, because it is the direction in which the moisture supply is normally performed. In the seedling process, it is preferable to remove the old leaves from the roots so that the expanded leaves of the child stock 12 are 1.5 to 2.

(Planting process)
The seedling 12 that has been collected is not temporarily planted on a temporary planting bed for raising seedlings, but is planted directly on the medium 110 of the main farm 100 as shown in FIG. At this time, the accompanying runner 11 is planted by inserting the tip including the cut at the time of seedling into the culture medium. As described above, in order to harvest the seedling 12 in a substantially unrooted state, by inserting the runner 11, nourishing moisture remaining in the runner 11 and nourishing moisture from the medium 110 via the runner 11 Absorption action is performed and the survival rate is increased. In addition, by directly planting the child stock 12 on the medium 110 of the main farm 100, new roots generated from the child stock 12 grow on the medium 110 of the main farm 100. Since the new root has a high function of absorbing moisture, the growth of the child stock 12 can be promoted. In addition, the facility cost required for raising seedlings can be reduced, such as the need for temporary planting. In addition, it is preferable to maintain a fluid state for 2-7 days immediately after planting of the child stock 12. Thereby, the survival rate is further improved.

  In addition, since the seedlings 12 are planted directly in the main field 100, the planting time is set in the middle of the low temperature season (February to 3) after the early low temperature season (December to January) or the first half of the low temperature season (February). Month). Preferably, the seedling is implemented from late February to mid-March and planted. And after planting the child stock 12 in the main field 100, it is placed in a low temperature short day environment and promotes flower bud differentiation. At this time, in this embodiment, since the planting is performed in the middle of the low temperature season, the outdoor temperature is low, and the flower bud differentiation can be promoted without using a special cooling means. For this reason, the method of the present invention in which the child stock 12 is directly planted in the main field 100 greatly contributes to the reduction of the cultivation cost due to the relationship between the seedling time and the planting time when applied to strawberry cultivation harvested in the high temperature season. Of course, depending on the cultivated land, a cooling facility such as a cooling device attached to the greenhouse or a means for passing water through a pipe provided in the medium or on the medium is operated in a low temperature environment for promoting flower bud differentiation. Can also be granted. In addition, the low temperature short day environment here refers to the temperature in the vicinity of planting the parent strain, which is 30 ° C. or less, preferably 15 to 25 ° C. during the day, and 20 ° C. or less, preferably 5 to 15 ° C. at night. It is an environment in which the temperature is kept at ° C. and the day length is kept at a maximum of 13 hours or less, preferably 8 to 13 hours.

  Then, temperature management, day length management, etc. are performed on the same conditions as the cultivation conditions after planting in the usual strawberry cultivation performed conventionally. As a result, the fruit ripens and can be harvested from June to November, which is a high temperature season under natural conditions, particularly from late June to October, which cannot be harvested by strawberry cultivation at normal times.

  In the above embodiment, the case where fruits are harvested in a high temperature season under natural conditions is described as an example, but a runner is generated from a parent strain while maintaining a high temperature long day environment for a predetermined period, and is grown. With the seedling substantially unrooted, attach a runner of a predetermined length and cut it off, plant the cut off seedline as it is in the mainland, and insert the tip of the runner attached to the offspring into the medium of the mainland. Can be applied to strawberry cultivation at the normal time of harvesting fruits from mid-November to late May. Even in this case, there is an advantage that a temporary planting bed is unnecessary, the cost of the seedling raising facility can be reduced, and the cultivation area of the main farm can be substantially increased.

  Further, by combining the above-described cultivation method for obtaining fruits in the high temperature season and a cultivation method for obtaining certainty in the normal time (mainly the low temperature season), it becomes possible to supply fruits for the entire year.

Drawing 1 is a figure for explaining the cultivation process of the cultivation method of the strawberry concerning one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing an example of the configuration of the parent stock floor. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a child stock and a runner. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state in which the child stock is planted in the main farm.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Parent stock floor 2 Cultivation container 10 Parent stock 11 Runner 12 Child stock 22 Medium of parent stock floor 100 Main field 110 Main field medium

Claims (7)

A method for growing strawberries in a greenhouse,
A breeding process for maintaining a high temperature long day environment for a predetermined period and generating a runner from the parent strain,
A seedling step of separating the seedlings that have grown on the runners with a predetermined length of runners in a substantially unrooted state,
A planting step of planting the separated child stock as it is in the main field, and inserting a tip of a runner associated with the child strain into the medium of the main field,
A method for cultivating strawberries, comprising growing the child stock in a main field and harvesting the fruit. A method for growing strawberries in a greenhouse,
Planting the parent stock in the middle of the high temperature season under natural conditions, using the heat insulation and lighting equipment installed in the greenhouse as needed, until the first half of the low temperature season or the first half of the low temperature season under the natural conditions A breeding process to maintain a high temperature long day environment and generate runners,
A seedling step of separating the seedlings that have grown on the runners with a predetermined length of runners in a substantially unrooted state,
A planting step of planting the separated child stock as it is in the main field, and inserting a tip of a runner associated with the child strain into the medium of the main field,
A method for cultivating strawberries, comprising growing the above-mentioned stock in a main field and harvesting fruits in a high temperature season under natural conditions.   3. The method for cultivating strawberries according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the seedling step, seedlings are collected in a state in which a runner having a length of 10 cm or more is attached to the child stock.   The method for cultivating strawberries according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the runner associated with the child stock in the seedling step is a runner on the front side close to the parent stock.   In the said multiplication process, a parent strain is planted in the cultivation container installed in predetermined | prescribed height, The runner is protruded to the outward of this cultivation container, The means to extend below is used. The cultivation method of the strawberry of any one.   The method for cultivating strawberries according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a low temperature short day environment is maintained for a predetermined period after planting in the main field.   The high-temperature season is from June to November, the low-temperature season is from December to May the following year, the high-temperature season in which the parent plant is planted is from August to September, and the low-temperature season in which the high-temperature long-day environment is maintained is December. The method for cultivating strawberries according to claim 2, characterized in that in January of the following year, the middle of the low temperature season is from February to March.

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