JP2006000729A - Ship ballast water production method and apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and an apparatus for ship ballast water production which remove aquatic organisms in freshwater or seawater used as raw water by a method other than that of killing the aquatic organisms, and prevents the removed concentrate liquid of the aquatic organisms from being discharged to the outside of a system. <P>SOLUTION: In the ship ballast water production method where the aquatic organisms in the raw water are concentrated and separated by passing the raw water through a separation membrane, and the membrane-treated water is used as ballast water, the concentrated and separated liquid is subjected to sterilization treatment. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a manufacturing method and a manufacturing apparatus for marine ballast water (hereinafter also simply referred to as “ballast water”) from which microorganisms and the like loaded for stabilizing the center of gravity during navigation of the marine vessel are removed.

  Crude oil tankers, ore carriers, car carriers, etc. may sail with low or no cargo. At that time, the hull is lifted by buoyancy, and the screw and rudder are not submerged under the surface of the water, or the hull on the surface of the water is greatly affected by the wind and the maneuverability is impaired, making it extremely dangerous. For this reason, in order to adjust the buoyancy at the time of navigation, a normal ship carries a ballast water of 30 to 40% by weight of the normal load.

  For example, transportation by crude oil tankers is a round trip between oil-producing countries and consuming countries, and there is no cargo when navigating from consuming countries to oil-producing countries. . On the other hand, a ship loaded with ballast water discharges the ballast water in the sea near the oil-producing country or at a port and reloads with crude oil.

  In recent years, ballast water discharged from ships has brought in microorganisms that do not inherently live in specific waters, which has resulted in the destruction of marine ecosystems, not only causing serious damage to the lives of those waters. The destruction of the global marine environment has occurred and has become a serious international problem. For this reason, various methods have been studied on an international scale for the purpose of removing microorganisms in the ballast water.

  As a method for removing microorganisms in seawater pumped as ballast water, for example, a method of killing microorganisms by heating seawater (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-181443), inactivating the microorganisms by irradiating the seawater with ultraviolet rays (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-515803, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 11-265684), a method of killing seawater through an electrolyzer (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-334563), a method of treating with iodine (Special Table 2002) No. 504851) and a method of treating with hypochlorous acid (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 04-322788) have been proposed.

Conventionally, although seawater is used as ballast water for ships, in recent years, there has been reported an example in which tap water is used as ship ballast water for the purpose of supporting water supply on a remote island. In addition, fresh water such as drinking water and industrial water is insufficient in oil-producing countries, and tap water is used as marine ballast water, which can be brought into oil-producing countries for effective use.
JP 2003-181443 A (Claims) JP 2000-515803 A (Claims) JP 11-265684 A (Claims) JP 2003-334563 A (Claims) Japanese translation of PCT publication No. 2002-504851 (Claims) JP 04-322788 A (Claims) JP 2003-154360 A (Claims)

  However, the method of heating seawater is not economical depending on the means for procuring heating energy, and the method of irradiating the seawater with ultraviolet rays requires a large amount of power to kill or inactivate all microorganisms. Moreover, in order to process high flow rate seawater, many UV devices must be installed in parallel. Moreover, the method of processing seawater with chemical | medical agents, such as hypochlorous acid, requires a lot of chemical | medical agents, and must use a lot of neutralizing agents for neutralization of the seawater after a process.

  As described above, the method of killing microorganisms in seawater is difficult to completely kill microorganisms, and there is a concern about the influence of contamination by carcasses on the ecosystem. Furthermore, since a small amount of microorganisms remaining without being killed grow during transportation, development of a method for completely removing these microorganisms is eagerly desired. Moreover, although the method of removing the microbe in seawater by letting seawater pass through a filtration membrane (Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2003-154360), the membrane filtration water obtained by this method is used for the washing | cleaning of seafood, etc. It is not intended for use in ship ballast water.

  On the other hand, if fresh water such as tap water is usually left for several days, the added free chlorine disappears even if it is tap water. For example, since navigating from Japan to oil-producing countries takes about 10 days, even if tap water is installed in a ship, it will rot and become unusable. Since the cause of the decay of fresh water is microorganisms in fresh water, the microorganisms may be killed by a known method. However, the method of killing microorganisms in fresh water is difficult to completely kill microorganisms as described above, and a small amount of microorganisms remaining without being killed grow during transportation. Development of a removal method is eagerly desired.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to remove the aquatic organisms in fresh water or seawater as raw water by a method other than the method of killing, and to produce a ballast water for ships that does not discharge the removed aquatic organism concentrate to the outside of the system. And providing a manufacturing apparatus.

  In such a situation, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies, and as a result, the raw water is passed through a separation membrane to concentrate and capture aquatic organisms in the raw water or capture the separation water, and the membrane treated water is used as ballast water. In this case, if the concentrated solution or separation membrane that has been concentrated and separated is sterilized, or if it has a backwashing step, if the backwash water is sterilized, it can be obtained by a method other than the method of killing aquatic organisms in the raw water. In addition to the removal, the removed aquatic organism concentrate is not discharged out of the system, so that the marine environment of the destination where ballast water is discarded is not destroyed, and the present invention has been completed.

  That is, the present invention (1) concentrates and separates aquatic organisms in the raw water by passing the raw water through the separation membrane, and sterilizes the concentrated solution separated in the method using the membrane treated water as ballast water. A method for producing marine ballast water is provided.

  Further, the present invention (2) further includes a step of backwashing the separation membrane, and provides a method for producing the marine ballast water for sterilizing the backwash water obtained by the backwash. It is.

  Further, the present invention (3) includes a step of backwashing the separation membrane in a method of capturing raw aquatic organisms in the raw water by passing the raw water through the separation membrane and using the membrane treated water as ballast water. The marine ballast water is produced by sterilizing the backwash water.

  Moreover, this invention (4) provides the manufacturing method of the said ballast water for ships whose said sterilization process is a heat processing, a mechanical crushing process, or a chemical process.

  Further, the present invention (5) is a method in which raw water is passed through a heat-resistant separation membrane to capture aquatic organisms in the raw water in the separation membrane, and the membrane treated water is used as ballast water. The manufacturing method of the said ballast water for ships which has the process of heat-sterilizing is provided.

  Moreover, this invention (6) provides the manufacturing method of the said ballast water for ships whose said raw water is the seawater of the port area where a ship anchors, or fresh water.

  Moreover, this invention (7) provides the manufacturing method of the said ballast water for ships which performs the separation membrane process and sterilization process of the said raw | natural water on a ship.

  The present invention (8) also includes a raw water supply means for supplying raw water to the separation membrane, a separation membrane device for concentrating and separating aquatic organisms in the supplied raw water, or capturing the separation water in the separation membrane, and ballasting the membrane treated water. A marine ballast water production apparatus including a means for obtaining water and a sterilizing apparatus for sterilizing concentrated and separated concentrated liquid or backwash water is provided.

  Further, the present invention (9) includes a raw water supply means for supplying raw water to the separation membrane, a separation membrane device for capturing aquatic organisms in the supplied raw water in the separation membrane, and means for obtaining the membrane treated water as ballast water. And the ship ballast water manufacturing apparatus provided with the sterilizer which heat-sterilizes this separation membrane directly is provided.

  Further, the present invention (10) includes a plurality of ballast water tanks loaded with the pumped raw water, a separation membrane device that concentrates or separates aquatic organisms in the raw water stored in the ballast water tanks, or captures them in a separation membrane, A tank for backwashing that stores membrane treated water obtained by the separation membrane device, a respective ballast water tank, a raw water supply pipe that connects a raw water inflow pipe of the separation membrane device, a tank for backwashing, and a respective ballast water tank The present invention provides a ship-mounted ballast water production apparatus including a membrane-treated water supply pipe to be connected and a sterilization apparatus for sterilizing concentrated and separated concentrated liquid or backwash water.

  Further, the present invention (11) includes a plurality of ballast water tanks loaded with the pumped raw water, a separation membrane device for capturing aquatic organisms in the raw water stored in the ballast water tanks, and each ballast water tank. A raw water supply pipe connecting the raw water inflow pipe of the separation membrane apparatus, a membrane treated water supply pipe connecting the membrane treated water outflow pipe of the separation membrane apparatus and the respective ballast water tanks, and direct thermal sterilization treatment of the separation membrane A ship-mounted ballast water production apparatus provided with a sterilizer is provided.

  According to the present invention, the aquatic organisms in the raw water used as ballast water can be effectively removed by the separation membrane, and the concentrated solution or backwash water that has been concentrated and separated is sterilized and discarded. The discharged ballast water or concentrated liquid does not bring in microorganisms that do not originally live in a specific sea area, and does not destroy the marine environment. In the case of land treatment, if membrane treated water is stored in, for example, a ballast water storage tank, it can be pumped into the ship as ballast water when necessary. Further, in the case of on-board treatment, it is efficient because a large amount of raw water used as ballast water can be effectively treated with a separation membrane during navigation of the vessel. In addition, since the concentrated liquid or backwash water that has been greatly reduced in volume compared to the volume of the water to be treated is sterilized, the apparatus for sterilization can be miniaturized. It can be greatly reduced.

  In the method for producing ballast water according to the present invention, the raw water is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include seawater or fresh water in a harbor area where a ship is anchored. The seawater in the harbor area where ships are anchored includes aquatic organisms such as plankton and microorganisms, and usually contains 0.05 to 1.0% oil and has a turbidity of 1 to 100 degrees. Examples of the fresh water include industrial water, tap water, river water, lake water, ground water, and sewage treated water. Many of these fresh waters contain microorganisms and usually have a turbidity of 1 to 100 degrees.

  Among microorganisms in freshwater and seawater, microorganisms that particularly affect rot and are internationally problematic include Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Enterococcus, Daphnia larvae, North Pacific starfish larvae, Asia Examples include kombu larvae, zebra larvae larvae, and toxic algae. The size of these microorganisms is mostly several μm, and the smallest is 0.3 to 0.5 μm. Examples of plankton contained in the raw water include zooplankton and phytoplankton, and the size of these planktons is larger than that of microorganisms.

  In the present invention, aquatic organisms in the raw water are concentrated and separated by passing the raw water through the separation membrane, or captured by the separation membrane, and the membrane treated water is used as ballast water. That is, the separation membrane used in the present invention can be either a cross flow type or a total filtration type, and specifically includes a microfiltration membrane, an ultrafiltration membrane, and a reverse osmosis membrane. Examples of the microfiltration membrane (MF) include hollow fiber membranes, flat membranes, pleated membranes, spiral membranes, and tubular membranes. Among these, the hollow fiber membrane is preferable in that the filtration area per unit volume can be maximized. A hollow fiber membrane uses a large number of hollow fibers arranged in parallel, has a hollow structure, and further communicates with holes forming the hollow structure, and a large number of pores communicating with the holes on the membrane surface. There are external pressure type and internal pressure type. In the present invention, when a microfiltration membrane is used, the pore diameter of the hollow fiber membrane is 0.01 to 0.4 μm, preferably 0.01 to 0.3 μm. Moreover, when using a metal film or a ceramic film, an opening is 0.1-5.0 micrometers.

  In the case of an ultrafiltration membrane, the pore diameter of the hollow fiber membrane is 0.002 to 0.01 μm. The size of microorganisms inhabiting the raw water is usually several μm, and the smallest is about 0.3 to 0.5 μm. Therefore, if the hollow fiber membrane having the above pore diameter is used, these microorganisms in the raw water Plankton can be removed almost completely. In addition, it is preferable to perform backwashing in order to remove aquatic organisms attached to the membrane surface and restore its filtering ability, but separately from this backwashing, bubbles are bubbled from outside the membrane surface during filtration. It is preferable to use an external pressure type hollow fiber membrane in that it can be operated to peel and remove aquatic organisms attached to the membrane surface.

  The separation membrane is used as an immersion membrane device or a pressure membrane device. The method using the submerged membrane device is a method of removing aquatic organisms in the raw water by sucking the membrane of the device immersed in the raw water storage tank with a suction pump. In addition, as described above, both the submerged membrane device and the pressurized membrane device generate fine bubbles from the lower side of the membrane, and appropriately remove the aquatic organism attached to the membrane, and perform filtration while washing the membrane surface. Can continue.

  Examples of the material of the microfiltration membrane used in the present invention include polyethylene, polypropylene, polysulfone, hydrophilized polysulfone, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, chlorinated polyethylene, chlorinated polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polyethersulfone, and cellulose acetate. Can be mentioned. Examples of the heat-resistant separation membrane used in the present invention include separation membranes such as metal separation membranes, ceramic separation membranes, polysulfone, and polyvinylidene fluoride.

  A reverse osmosis membrane used for the treatment of raw water is usually used as a reverse osmosis membrane device incorporating a reverse osmosis membrane module. Examples of the reverse osmosis membrane module include a structure in which a bag-like reverse osmosis membrane is wound around a permeate water collecting pipe in a spiral shape, and an upper portion thereof is covered with an exterior body, and an external pressure hollow fiber module. The raw water is pressed into the reverse osmosis membrane module by a pump. Thereby, while salt and organic substance in raw water are removed, aquatic organisms can be removed almost completely. Therefore, when the raw water is seawater, the permeated water of the reverse osmosis membrane is desalinated.

  In the case of a cross-flow type separation membrane, the concentrated liquid from which aquatic organisms are concentrated and separated is sterilized, and when the separation membrane is backwashed, the backwash water is also sterilized. In the aquatic organism removal process, as time elapses, microorganisms or the like that cause membrane clogging adhere to the separation membrane, and the membrane differential pressure rises at the inlet and outlet of the membrane. For this reason, filtration of raw | natural water is stopped and a separation membrane is backwashed by using membrane treated water as washing water. By performing the backwashing step, the filtration function of the separation membrane is restored. And when a backwashing process is complete | finished, it moves to an aquatic organism removal process again, and enables filtration over a long period of time by performing this repeatedly. The concentrated solution and the backwash water may be individually sterilized, but it is preferable in terms of processing efficiency that the concentrated solution and the backwash water are mixed and sterilized. As a mixing method of the concentrated solution and the backwash water, for example, there is a method in which the backwash water obtained in the backwashing process is introduced into the concentrated solution storage tank in which the concentrated solution is stored and mixed. In the case of a separation membrane of the total amount filtration type, there is a step of backwashing the separation membrane, and the backwash water is sterilized. These concentrated and separated concentrated solutions, concentrated and separated concentrated solution and backwashing water, or backwashing water (hereinafter also referred to as “concentrated solution”) are sterilized and discarded. In the case where the separation membrane is treated above, microorganisms that do not originally inhabit the specific sea area are not brought in by the ballast water discharged from the ship, and further, the marine environment is not destroyed.

  Examples of the method for sterilizing the concentrated liquid and the like include various methods such as heat treatment, mechanical crushing treatment, and chemical treatment. In order to kill plankton such as concentrate, any treatment method such as heat treatment, mechanical crushing treatment or chemical treatment may be used, and in order to kill microorganisms such as Escherichia coli such as concentrate, heat treatment or chemical treatment is preferred. . Examples of the heat treatment include a method of killing aquatic organisms by heating the concentrated solution to about 80 ° C., and mechanical crushing treatment includes crushing and killing aquatic organisms in the concentrated solution, for example, by ultrasonic treatment. Examples of chemical treatment include a method of adding a bactericide such as hypochlorous acid to a concentrated liquid or the like. The sterilization treatment of the concentrate or the like may be performed, for example, by allowing the concentrate or the like to flow into the concentrate storage tank and continuously or after a predetermined amount has been accumulated. In the raw water separation membrane treatment, when the sterilization treatment is heat treatment or chemical treatment, the mixture of the concentrated solution and the backwash water is usually about 10% of the raw water, and the backwash water is about the proportion of the raw water Since it is about 1%, it is possible to use a much smaller amount of heat or chemical compared to the case where the whole amount of raw water is treated, it is energy saving, and there is little damage to the marine environment by chemicals.

  In the present invention, when the separation membrane is a metal filtration membrane or ceramic separation membrane of the total amount filtration type, the step of directly sterilizing the separation membrane is provided by directly providing aquatic organisms captured on the separation membrane surface. It is preferable in that it can be sterilized and the processing efficiency is improved. As a method for directly heat sterilizing the separation membrane, for example, a separation membrane that separates the raw water chamber and the treated water chamber is housed in the housing, the raw water is supplied to the raw water chamber, the treated water is discharged from the treated water chamber, and the treated water is discharged. A filtration device having a circulation line that circulates to the raw water chamber and a heating device that heats the circulation water of the circulation line, and after performing filtration for an arbitrary time, the supply of the raw water is stopped and the heated circulation water is removed. Examples include a method of circulating in the raw water chamber and a method of discharging the raw water and the treated water in the housing after the treatment and then supplying steam directly into the housing.

  The method of passing the raw water through the separation membrane is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to arrange two or more membrane devices incorporating the separation membrane in parallel. In this case, even if one membrane apparatus is a backwashing process or a regeneration process, the other membrane apparatus can perform the aquatic organism removal process, and a large amount of membrane treated water can be obtained continuously. In the method for producing marine ballast water of the present invention, the raw water separation membrane treatment, the sterilization treatment, and the direct heating treatment of the separation membrane can be performed on land or on a vessel. In the case of terrestrial treatment, the membrane treated water obtained in the aquatic organism removal step can be stored in a ballast water storage tank, and ballast water can be sent from the ballast water storage tank to a vessel anchored at a high flow rate. This is preferable in that the berthing period of the ship is not extended for pumping blast water.

  In the method for producing ballast water of the present invention, when the raw water is seawater, removing the oil from the seawater in advance before treating with the separation membrane prevents clogging of the separation membrane surface and reduces the permeation capacity. It is preferable in that it can be prevented. That is, unlike aquatic organisms and other turbid substances, oil cannot be easily removed when it adheres to the membrane surface, clogs the separation membrane and causes a reduction in separation ability.

  The method for removing oil from seawater is not particularly limited, and a known oil / water separator can be used. As the oil / water separator, a device using a hydrophobic adsorbent is preferable because it is a simple method and exhibits a high oil adsorption capability. Examples of the hydrophobic adsorbent include a non-woven filter made of a material such as lipophilic polyethylene or polypropylene, a powder, and a hollow fiber membrane. Specifically, when the oil adsorbent “Diamarus (registered trademark)” is used, the oil can be removed extremely efficiently. For example, seawater having an oil content of 0.05 to 1.0% can be converted to seawater having an oil content of 0.005 to 0.02% by the oil removal process of seawater.

  In the present invention, it is preferable to remove in advance turbidity in seawater in order to reduce the load of removing microorganisms in the separation membrane. It does not restrict | limit especially as a method of removing the turbidity in seawater, A well-known turbidity removal apparatus can be used. Examples of the turbidity removal device include a sand filtration device, a device provided with a nonwoven fabric filter cloth made of polyethylene or polypropylene, a long fiber bundle turbidity removal device in which a bundle of fibers filled in a filtration tank body is erected. Use of an oil adsorbent “Diamarus (registered trademark)” is preferred in that both oil removal and turbidity can be removed.

  The marine ballast water obtained by the production method of the present invention may be subjected to one or more separation membrane treatments while being stored in the marine ballast water tank, particularly when discarded to the ocean. It is preferable that the ballast water mounted on the ship is subjected to a separation membrane treatment and the membrane treated water is discarded as it is to the ocean. At that time, the concentrated liquid or backwash water generated is also sterilized and discarded to the ocean. Plankton and microorganisms may proliferate after loading ballast water, which is membrane-treated water, on the ship, and even if the water quality satisfies the standard when loaded, the water quality may exceed the standard when discarded. However, it is possible to make the water quality that satisfies the standard at the time of disposal by performing the separation membrane treatment again.

  The apparatus for producing marine ballast water according to the present invention includes a raw water supply means for supplying raw water to a separation membrane, a separation membrane device for concentrating and separating aquatic organisms in the supplied raw water, or capturing in the separation membrane, and a membrane treatment Means for obtaining water as ballast water, apparatus (apparatus I) provided with a sterilization device for sterilizing concentrated concentrate or backwash water, raw water supply means for supplying raw water to the separation membrane, and supplied raw water Equipped with a separation membrane device that captures aquatic organisms in the separation membrane, means for obtaining membrane treated water as ballast water, and a sterilization device that directly sterilizes the separation membrane by heating (device II), loaded with pumped raw water A plurality of ballast water tanks, a separation membrane device that concentrates or separates aquatic organisms in the raw water stored in the ballast water tank or captures them in a separation membrane, and a backwash for storing membrane treated water obtained by the separation membrane device Tanks and their respective tanks Raw water supply pipe that connects the strike water tank and the separation membrane device, membrane treatment water supply pipe that connects the tank for backwashing and each ballast water tank, and sterilization that sterilizes the concentrated liquid or backwash water that has been concentrated and separated A device (apparatus III) including a device, a plurality of ballast water tanks loaded with pumped raw water, a separation membrane device for capturing aquatic organisms in the raw water stored in the ballast water tank, and each ballast water tank And a raw water supply pipe connecting the separation membrane apparatus, a membrane treated water supply pipe connecting the separation membrane apparatus and the respective ballast water tank, and a sterilization apparatus for directly heating and sterilizing the separation membrane (apparatus IV) Is mentioned.

  The devices I to IV can be installed on the ship, and the devices I and II can also be installed on land. In the apparatus I to apparatus IV, the separation membrane apparatus for concentrating and separating aquatic organisms in the raw water is an apparatus containing a cross-flow type separation membrane, and the separation membrane apparatus for capturing the aquatic organisms in the raw water in the separation membrane Is an apparatus containing a separation membrane of the total amount filtration type. The storage tank for storing the concentrated concentrate or backwash water may be a separate storage tank or the same storage tank. Further, the storage tank for storing the concentrated and separated concentrated solution or backwash water may be a storage tank equipped with a sterilizer, that is, a sterilizer built-in type storage tank. In the apparatus II and the apparatus IV, for example, the separation membrane device is a device that houses a separation membrane that partitions a raw water chamber and a treated water chamber in a housing, supplies raw water to the raw water chamber, and discharges treated water from the treated water chamber. The sterilization apparatus for directly heat sterilizing the separation membrane is an apparatus having the housing, a circulation line for circulating the treated water to the raw water chamber, and a heating means for heating the circulation water of the circulation line. The means for obtaining the ballast water of the apparatus I and the apparatus II includes pipes, valves, etc. that can be supplied to the ballast water tank of the ship directly or via the ballast water storage tank so that the membrane treated water obtained by the separation membrane apparatus can be used as the ballast water. Is included.

  An example of a ship ballast water production apparatus according to the apparatus III will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. In FIG. 1, a ship-mounted ballast water manufacturing apparatus 10 is mounted on the ship as a whole, and includes a plurality of ballast water tanks 1 (11 to 16) for loading pumped raw water, and a ballast water tank 1. Membrane device 2 for removing aquatic organisms stored in the raw water, a backwash tank 5 into which membrane treated water obtained by the separation membrane device 2 flows, and respective ballast water tanks 11 to 16 and the separation membrane device 2 Raw water supply pipes 21 to 26 for connecting the raw water inflow pipe 28, membrane treated water outflow pipes 38 for the backwash tank 5, and membrane treated water supply pipes 31 to 36 for connecting the respective ballast water tanks 11 to 16, and concentration A sterilizing device 3 for sterilizing the separated concentrated liquid or backwash water is provided, and when the raw water is seawater, an oil content adsorption removing device 4 for removing oil content in the seawater is provided at the front stage of the separation membrane device 2 as necessary. Prepare. In addition, a turbidity device (not shown) can be installed in the subsequent stage of the oil content adsorption removing apparatus 4 and the upstream stage of the separation membrane apparatus 2 as necessary. Further, as related equipment of the ship-mounted ballast water manufacturing apparatus 10, there is a liquid feed pump that supplies raw water stored in the ballast water tank 1 to the separation membrane apparatus 2.

  As a method for removing aquatic organisms in the raw water using the ship-mounted ballast water production apparatus 10, a circulating treatment method for performing an aquatic organism removal step for each ballast water tank, or a non-circulating treatment method using an empty ballast water tank Is mentioned. These can be implemented by appropriately operating the valve in FIG.

  An example of the circulation processing method is shown below. First, the raw water in the ballast tank 11 is treated alone. That is, the raw water of the ballast water tank 11 is passed through the separation membrane, and the obtained membrane treated water is returned to the ballast water tank 11 for circulation treatment. Next, the raw water in the ballast water tank 12 is treated alone. That is, the raw water of the ballast water tank 12 is passed through the separation membrane, and the obtained membrane treated water is returned to the ballast water tank 12 for circulation treatment. This is sequentially performed for the other ballast water tanks 13-16. Further, the concentrated liquid or backwash water generated in the separation membrane device 2 is stored in a storage tank (not shown), and then sequentially sterilized by the sterilizer 3 and discharged to the ocean as sterilized water. In addition, in the ballast water tanks 11-16, it is preferable to separate the raw | natural water intake of a raw | natural water supply pipe and the membrane treatment water outflow port of a membrane treatment water supply pipe as much as possible.

  An example of an acyclic processing method is shown below. The raw water is one of a plurality of ballast tanks in the ship, and is loaded into another ballast tank. In this case, the empty ballast water tank serves as a membrane-treated water storage tank. For example, raw water is loaded on the ballast water tanks 11 to 15 and the ballast water tank 16 is an empty ballast water tank. The raw water of the ballast water tank 11 is passed through the separation membrane, the obtained membrane treated water is supplied to the empty ballast water tank 16, the raw water of the ballast water tank 12 is then passed through the separation membrane, and the obtained membrane treated water is passed to the empty ballast water tank 11. The one-pass process is sequentially performed. Thereby, after completion | finish of aquatic organism removal process, membrane treatment water will be stored in ballast tanks other than one empty ballast tank among several ballast tanks. In addition, the concentrated liquid or backwash water generated in the separation membrane device 2 is successively sterilized by the sterilizer 3 and discarded as described above. In addition, it is preferable that arrangement | positioning of the ballast water tank in which membrane treated water was stored has the positional relationship which keeps the gravity center of a ship body stable. In addition, after the aquatic organism removal step, the remaining portion of seawater remaining at the bottom of the ballast water tank is subjected to known sterilization treatments such as addition of chemicals such as hypochlorous acid and heat treatment. Since the remaining amount of the seawater is relatively small, the amount of the disinfectant used may be small, and the energy consumed by heating is small.

  EXAMPLES Next, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, this is merely illustrative and does not limit the present invention.

Example 1
This was performed using the on-shore experimental ballast water production apparatus shown in FIG. That is, the seawater of port A in Japan (hereinafter referred to as “raw seawater”) was pumped into the raw seawater tank of the experimental ballast water production apparatus, and this seawater was treated under the following operating conditions. Plankton groups in raw seawater, separation membrane treated water, concentrated liquid, etc. and concentrated liquid sterilized treated water were measured by the following measuring method. The results are shown in Table 1. The oil content of the raw seawater was 8 mg / l as an n-hexane extract, and the turbidity of the raw seawater was 5 degrees.

(Experimental ballast water production system)
The apparatus shown in FIG. 2 was used. The experimental ballast water production apparatus 20 is mainly composed of a hollow fiber membrane type separation membrane apparatus 2a, and is a hollow fiber membrane module comprising a microfiltration membrane (pore diameter 0.1 μm, PVDF membrane) with a processing capacity of 0.5 m ³ / hour. What was press-fitted with a pump 8 (made by Asahi Kasei) was used. The hollow fiber membrane separation membrane device 2a and the backwash tank 5 were connected by a treated water pipe 42, and the backwash tank 5 and the treated water storage tank 16a were connected by an overflow pipe 38. Further, a backwash pump 45 was installed so that the filtered water in the backwash tank 5 could be backwashed with the backwash pipe 43. Further, the hollow fiber membrane separation membrane device 2 a and the concentrated liquid storage tank 9 were connected by a pipe 47, and the concentrated liquid storage tank 9 and the sterilizer 3 were connected by a pipe 48.

(how to drive)
The raw seawater was supplied to the hollow fiber membrane separation membrane device 2a at a treatment rate of 0.5 m ³ / hour, treated at a treatment water recovery rate of 95%, and the concentrate was recovered in the concentrate storage tank 9. Moreover, it was set as the backwashing process 1 minute with respect to 15 minutes of aquatic organism removal processes, and this was repeated. Further, the liquid in which aquatic organisms were concentrated and the backwash water were drained from the lower part of the hollow fiber membrane separation membrane device 2a to the concentrated liquid storage tank 9, sterilized by the sterilizer 3, and the treated liquid was discarded. The sterilization treatment was performed by heating the concentrated solution at 95 ° C. for 1 minute.

(Measurement method of aquatic organisms)
The number of surviving plankton was counted with a microscope. Plankton's carcass was excluded from the measurement because of its lack of movement and appearance. The display is phytoplankton pcs / ml and zooplankton pcs / m ³ . In addition, E. coli was added to a BGLB medium and cultured at 35 ° C. for 24 hours, then E. coli was measured and displayed as CFU / 100 ml.

  The same as in Example 1 except that the concentrated liquid of sterilization treatment is 95 ° C. for 1 minute, and the raw water is subjected to ultrasonic treatment with a frequency of 28 kHz and an irradiation time of 1 minute and then cooled to prevent temperature rise. Went to. As a result, the phytoplankton in the concentrated solution sterilized water was zero, and the zooplankton was zero. But E. coli did not die.

  The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that 10 mg / l of hypochlorous acid was added to the raw water instead of the sterilization treatment at 95 ° C. for 1 minute. As a result, the phytoplankton in the concentrated solution sterilized water was zero, and the zooplankton was zero. E. coli was completely killed as in Example 1.

The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that the following experimental ballast water production apparatus and operation method were used. The results are shown in Table 2.
(Experimental ballast water production system)
The apparatus shown in FIG. 3 was used. The experimental ballast water production apparatus 30 is mainly composed of a total filtration type separation membrane apparatus 2b, and the separation membrane 46 uses a precision metal filtration membrane “Metal Fiber Filter-FA3 (manufactured by Fuji Filter Co., Ltd.) having an opening of 3 μm. The raw seawater tank 11a and the separation membrane device 2b are connected by a pipe 21 (28), and the separation membrane device 2b and the backwash tank 5 are connected by a treated water pipe 42, so that the backwash tank 5 and the treated water storage tank 16a are connected. Between them, an overflow pipe 38 was connected, and a backwash pump 45 was installed so that the filtered metal in the backwash tank 5 could be backwashed by the backwash pipe 43. Also, the separation membrane device 2b. The backwash water storage tank 9 a is connected by a pipe 47, and the concentrated liquid storage tank 9 and the sterilizer 3 are connected by a pipe 48.

(how to drive)
Raw seawater was supplied to the separation membrane device 2b at a treatment rate of 0.5 m ³ / hour. Moreover, it was set as the backwashing process 1 minute with respect to 15 minutes of aquatic organism removal processes, and this was repeated. The liquid which took in the aquatic organisms by backwashing was drained from the raw water chamber of the separation membrane device 2b to the backwashing water storage tank 9a, sequentially sterilized, and discarded. The sterilization treatment was performed by heating backwash water at 95 ° C. for 1 minute.

  The same procedure as in Example 4 was performed except that the concentrated water for sterilization was heated at 95 ° C. for 1 minute, and the raw water was subjected to ultrasonic treatment at a frequency of 28 kHz and an irradiation time of 1 minute. As a result, zero phytoplankton and zero zooplankton were found in the backwash water.

  The same procedure as in Example 4 was performed except that 10 mg / l of hypochlorous acid was added to the raw water instead of the heat treatment at 95 ° C. for 1 minute for the sterilization treatment. As a result, the phytoplankton in the concentrated solution sterilized water was zero, and the zooplankton was zero.

  Instead of using a precision metal filtration membrane with a mesh opening of 3 μm “Metal Fiber Filter-FA3 (Fuji Filter)”, a precision metal filtration membrane with a mesh opening of 5 μm “Metal Fiber Filter-FA5 (Fuji Filter)” was used. The same method as in Example 4 was performed, and the results are shown in Table 3.

  The same procedure as in Example 7 was performed except that the concentrated water for sterilization was heated at 95 ° C. for 1 minute, and the raw water was subjected to ultrasonic treatment at a frequency of 28 kHz and an irradiation time of 1 minute. As a result, the phytoplankton in the concentrated solution sterilized water was zero, and the zooplankton was zero.

  The same procedure as in Example 7 was performed except that 10 mg / l of hypochlorous acid was added to the raw water instead of the heat treatment at 95 ° C. for 1 minute for the sterilization treatment. As a result, the phytoplankton in the concentrated solution sterilized water was zero, and the zooplankton was zero.

  As shown in each Example, by treating the raw seawater with the separation membrane device of the ballast water production apparatus, the plankton group in the raw seawater was not detected or removed to a very small amount. Moreover, the plankton group in concentrate etc. was able to be removed completely by sterilizing the liquid mixture of a concentrate and backwash water, or backwash water.

It is a flowchart of the ship mounting ballast water manufacturing apparatus of the example of this embodiment. It is a flowchart of the ballast water manufacturing apparatus used in Example 1. It is a flowchart of the ballast water manufacturing apparatus used in Example 4.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 2 Separation membrane apparatus 3 Sterilization apparatus 4 Oil adsorption removal apparatus 5 Backwash tank 7 Hollow fiber membrane module 8 Treatment tank 9 Concentrated liquid storage tank 10 Ship mounted ballast water production apparatus 11-16 Ballast water tank 11a Raw seawater storage tank 20, 30 Experiment Ballast water production equipment

Claims (11)

  A method for concentrating and separating aquatic organisms in raw water by passing the raw water through a separation membrane, and using the membrane-treated water as ballast water, wherein the concentrated and separated concentrated solution is sterilized and is used for marine ballast water Manufacturing method.   The method for producing ballast water for ships according to claim 1, further comprising a step of backwashing the separation membrane, wherein the backwash water obtained by the backwashing is sterilized.   In the method of trapping aquatic organisms in the raw water by passing the raw water through the separation membrane and using the membrane treated water as ballast water, the method has a step of backwashing the separation membrane, A method for producing marine ballast water, which is sterilized.   The said sterilization process is a heat processing, a mechanical crushing process, or a chemical process, The manufacturing method of the ballast water for ships of any one of Claims 1-3 characterized by the above-mentioned.   In the method of trapping aquatic organisms in raw water by passing the raw water through a heat-resistant separation membrane and using the membrane treated water as ballast water, the method has a step of directly heat sterilizing the separation membrane A method for producing ballast water for ships. The method for producing ballast water for a ship according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the raw water is seawater in a port area where the ship is anchored or fresh water.   The method for producing ballast water for a ship according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the separation membrane treatment and the sterilization treatment of the raw water are performed on a ship.   Raw water supply means for supplying raw water to the separation membrane, a separation membrane device for concentrating and separating aquatic organisms in the supplied raw water, or means for obtaining the membrane treated water as ballast water, and concentrated and separated A ship ballast water production apparatus comprising a sterilizer for sterilizing a concentrated liquid or backwash water.   Raw water supply means for supplying raw water to the separation membrane, a separation membrane device for capturing aquatic organisms in the supplied raw water in the separation membrane, means for obtaining membrane treated water as ballast water, and direct thermal sterilization of the separation membrane A marine ballast water production apparatus comprising:   A plurality of ballast water tanks loaded with the pumped raw water, a separation membrane apparatus for concentrating and separating aquatic organisms stored in the ballast water tank or capturing in a separation membrane, and membrane treated water obtained by the separation membrane apparatus A tank for backwashing, a raw water supply pipe connecting each ballast water tank and the separation membrane device, a membrane treated water supply pipe connecting the backwash tank and each ballast water tank, and concentrated and separated A ship-mounted ballast water production apparatus comprising a sterilizer for sterilizing concentrated liquid or backwash water.   A plurality of ballast tanks for loading the pumped raw water, a separation membrane device for capturing aquatic organisms in the raw water stored in the ballast water tank in a separation membrane, a respective ballast water tank and a raw water inflow pipe of the separation membrane device It comprises a raw water supply pipe to be connected, a membrane treated water outflow pipe of the separation membrane apparatus, a membrane treated water supply pipe for connecting the respective ballast water tanks, and a sterilization apparatus for directly heating and sterilizing the separation membrane. Ship mounted ballast water production equipment.

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