JP2005537515A - 気体状懸濁流体を有する電気泳動媒体 - Google Patents
気体状懸濁流体を有する電気泳動媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
- G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
- G09F9/37—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being movable elements
- G09F9/372—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being movable elements the positions of the elements being controlled by the application of an electric field
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/1675—Constructional details
- G02F1/16757—Microcapsules
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
- G02F1/1671—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect involving dry toners
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- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
この電気泳動粒子は、揮発性相中に分散され、次いでこの揮発性相は結合剤前駆物質中で小滴に形成され、この小滴/結合剤前駆物質混合物は薄層に形成され、そして比較的剛性になるが、内部揮発性液体に対して依然として透過性であるように結合剤が硬化される。次いで、この液体は、この小滴からゆっくりと蒸発され、そしてこの構造体のへこみを防止するために、空気または別の気体がその媒体中に拡散されてこの液体を置換する。あるいは、この液体は、エーロゲルの調製において用いられる様式と類似の様式で、超臨界流体を用いて媒体から抽出され得る。結合剤の最終的な硬化は、気体を用いた揮発性液体の置換後に生じ得る。
この電気泳動粒子は材料と混合され、これは、単独で、または結合剤の成分との組み合わせで、気体を生成し得る。電気泳動粒子と気体生成性材料との混合物は、結合剤前駆物質中に分散され、そして得られる混合物は、薄層に形成に形成され、そして結合剤は、上記1においてと同様の方法で部分的に硬化される。このプロセスと同時に、またはその後、この電気泳動粒子が配置された泡を形成するように気体が生成される。
開放セル構造体は、電気泳動粒子を用いないこと以外は上記の2において記載された通りに気体生成ペレットを用いて、または上記の2において記載されるかもしくはポリマーの分野で公知の他の気体生成を用いて、製造され得る。セルの密封、またはセルにまたがるフィルムを積層することによるセルの閉鎖が容易に達成され得るように、選択される方法が、均質な高さの壁を有する規則的な構造を有するセルを生じることが望ましい。このアプローチは、上記の異なったサイズの端部を有する、成形されたカプセルを生成するために特に適切である。
気体を充填したカプセルは、超臨界流体を用いてカプセル化プロセスを実施することにより、先行技術の液体充填カプセルと同じ方法で製造され得る。材料は、臨界温度より上まで加熱された場合、超臨界であるといわれる;この温度より上では、液相と気相との間の区別はもはや存在しない。この超臨界領域において作動する種々の利点が存在する。重要な材パラメータ(例えば、誘電率および密度)が、温度および圧力を変更することにより、広範囲にわたって変動され得る。
1.電荷輸送層は、過剰の電荷輸送材料を用いて、導電性支持体(例えば、ITO層)上にコーティングされる。
Claims (20)
- 複数のカプセル(104;202)を含む電気泳動媒体(102;202)であって、各カプセル(104;202)は、内相および該内相を取り囲むカプセル壁(212)を含み、該内相は、電気泳動により移動する複数の粒子(108;210)を懸濁媒体中に含み、該媒体は、該懸濁媒体は、ガス状である点で特徴付けられる、電気泳動媒体。
- 各カプセル(202)が、電気泳動により移動する1種類の粒子(210)を含み、各カプセル(202)が、サイズの異なる一対の対向表面(214,216)を有する、請求項1に記載の電気泳動媒体(202)。
- 異なる光学的特徴および異なる電気泳動移動度を有する2種類の粒子(106,108)を含む、請求項1に記載の電気泳動媒体(102)。
- 1種類の粒子(106)が、実質的にゼロの電気泳動移動度を有する、請求項3に記載の電気泳動媒体(102)。
- 前記2種類の粒子が、同じ極性の電荷を保有するが電気泳動移動度が異なる、請求項3に記載の電気泳動媒体。
- 前記複数のカプセルのカプセル壁が、互いに合わさっており、その結果、前記媒体が、複数の泡を含み、各泡が、電気泳動により移動する粒子および前記気体状懸濁媒体を含み、該泡が、連続した固体相中に分散している、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の電気泳動媒体。
- 前記気体状懸濁媒体が、二酸化炭素を含む、請求項1に記載の電気泳動媒体。
- 電気泳動ディスプレイ(100;200)であって、該電気泳動ディスプレイは、請求項1に記載の電気泳動媒体(102;202)および少なくとも1つの電極(110,112)を備え、該電極は、該電気泳動媒体(102;202)に隣接して配置され、該媒体(102;202)に電場を印加するように配列されている、電気泳動ディスプレイ(100;200)。
- 請求項1に記載の電気泳動媒体を製造するためのプロセスであって、該プロセスは、複数のカプセルを含む媒体を形成する工程であって、各カプセルが、内相および該内相を取り囲むカプセル壁を含み、該内相が、複数の粒子を液体懸濁媒体中に含む、工程;ならびに該液体懸濁媒体を気体状懸濁媒体で置換する工程によって特徴付けられる、プロセス。
- 前記液体懸濁媒体の置換が、気体状懸濁媒体を前記カプセル中に拡散させながら該液体懸濁媒体を蒸発させることによってもたらされる、請求項9に記載のプロセス。
- 前記液体懸濁媒体を含む媒体の形成が、複数の小滴を形成工程であって、各小滴が、該液体懸濁媒体および前記粒子を、硬化可能な結合剤を含む連続相中に含む、工程、ならびにその後、該硬化可能な結合剤を少なくとも部分的に硬化させる工程
によってもたらされる、請求項9に記載のプロセス。 - 請求項1に記載の電気泳動媒体を製造するためのプロセスであって、該プロセスは、粒子と、気体を生成し得る材料とを混合する工程;該粒子と気体生成性材料との混合物を、硬化可能な結合剤中に分散させる工程;該結合剤を少なくとも部分的に硬化させる工程;ならびに該気体生成性材料を、そこからの気体の生成を引き起こすに有効な条件に曝露して、それにより、該結合剤中で、該粒子を含むカプセルの形成を引き起こす工程によって特徴付けられる、プロセス。
- 前記気体生成性材料が、揮発性液体を含み、前記気体が、該気体の蒸発によって形成される、請求項12に記載のプロセス。
- 前記気体が、前記気体生成性材料と、前記結合剤中に存在する材料との反応により生成される、請求項12に記載のプロセス。
- 請求項1に記載の電気泳動媒体を製造するためのプロセスであって、該プロセスが、気体を生成し得る材料と、壁形成材料とを混合する工程;該気体生成性材料を、そこからの気体の生成を引き起こすに有効な条件に曝露して、それにより、該壁形成材料中で、気体充填腔の形成を引き起こす工程;ならびに前記粒子を該腔中に導入する工程によって特徴付けられる、プロセス。
- 請求項1に記載の電気泳動媒体を製造するためのプロセスであって、該プロセスは、粒子を、超臨界流体と混合する工程;粒子と超臨界流体との混合物を、カプセル壁で取り囲み、それによりカプセルを形成する工程;および該カプセルへの圧力を、該超臨界流体の臨界圧未満に低下させ、それにより該超臨界流体に、該カプセル中で気体状懸濁媒体を形成させる、工程によって特徴付けられる、プロセス。
- 前記粒子と超臨界流体との混合物をカプセル壁で取り囲む工程が、該混合物の小滴を硬化可能な結合剤中で形成する工程、および該結合剤を少なくとも部分的に硬化させ、その後、前記圧力を前記臨界圧未満に低下させる工程によってもたらされる、請求項16に記載のプロセス。
- 前記粒子と超臨界流体との混合物をカプセル壁で取り囲む工程が、該混合物の小滴を前記超臨界流体と不混和性の液相中で形成する工程、および前記カプセルを、該超臨界流体と該液相との界面で形成させる工程によってもたらされる、請求項16に記載のプロセス。
- 前記超臨界流体が、二酸化炭素である、請求項16〜18のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記超臨界流体から形成された気体状懸濁流体を、異なる気体状懸濁媒体で置換する工程をさらに包含する、請求項16〜19のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US31951702P | 2002-09-03 | 2002-09-03 | |
PCT/US2003/027257 WO2004023202A1 (en) | 2002-09-03 | 2003-09-03 | Electrophoretic medium with gaseous suspending fluid |
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JP2010138792A Division JP2010250343A (ja) | 2002-09-03 | 2010-06-17 | 気体状懸濁流体を有する電気泳動媒体 |
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JP2005537515A true JP2005537515A (ja) | 2005-12-08 |
JP4564355B2 JP4564355B2 (ja) | 2010-10-20 |
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JP2004534395A Expired - Fee Related JP4564355B2 (ja) | 2002-09-03 | 2003-09-03 | 気体状懸濁流体を有する電気泳動媒体 |
JP2010138792A Withdrawn JP2010250343A (ja) | 2002-09-03 | 2010-06-17 | 気体状懸濁流体を有する電気泳動媒体 |
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JP2010138792A Withdrawn JP2010250343A (ja) | 2002-09-03 | 2010-06-17 | 気体状懸濁流体を有する電気泳動媒体 |
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US (1) | US8129655B2 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP4564355B2 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003260137A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004023202A1 (ja) |
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JP2002139751A (ja) * | 2000-11-02 | 2002-05-17 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 画像表示媒体及び画像表示装置 |
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JP2011090322A (ja) * | 2005-01-26 | 2011-05-06 | E Ink Corp | ガス状流体を用いる電気泳動ディスプレイ |
JP2013238862A (ja) * | 2005-01-26 | 2013-11-28 | E Ink Corp | ガス状流体を用いる電気泳動ディスプレイ |
JP2009545011A (ja) * | 2006-07-25 | 2009-12-17 | イー インク コーポレイション | ガス状流体を使用する電気泳動ディスプレイ |
JP2012208531A (ja) * | 2006-07-25 | 2012-10-25 | E Ink Corp | ガス状流体を使用する電気泳動ディスプレイ |
JP2013130883A (ja) * | 2006-07-25 | 2013-07-04 | E Ink Corp | ガス状流体を使用する電気泳動ディスプレイ |
KR20140130535A (ko) * | 2006-12-19 | 2014-11-10 | 이 잉크 코포레이션 | 에지 시일을 구비한 전기-광학 디스플레이 |
KR101689942B1 (ko) * | 2006-12-19 | 2016-12-26 | 이 잉크 코포레이션 | 에지 시일을 구비한 전기-광학 디스플레이 |
KR101819411B1 (ko) * | 2006-12-19 | 2018-01-16 | 이 잉크 코포레이션 | 에지 시일을 구비한 전기-광학 디스플레이 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2010250343A (ja) | 2010-11-04 |
US20040112750A1 (en) | 2004-06-17 |
US8129655B2 (en) | 2012-03-06 |
WO2004023202A1 (en) | 2004-03-18 |
JP4564355B2 (ja) | 2010-10-20 |
AU2003260137A1 (en) | 2004-03-29 |
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