JP2005525461A - アゾール誘導体を用いた窒素の電解発生 - Google Patents
アゾール誘導体を用いた窒素の電解発生 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2005525461A JP2005525461A JP2003564313A JP2003564313A JP2005525461A JP 2005525461 A JP2005525461 A JP 2005525461A JP 2003564313 A JP2003564313 A JP 2003564313A JP 2003564313 A JP2003564313 A JP 2003564313A JP 2005525461 A JP2005525461 A JP 2005525461A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- electrolytic cell
- cathode
- anode
- tetrazole
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 22
- 150000007980 azole derivatives Chemical class 0.000 title description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- ULRPISSMEBPJLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-tetrazol-5-amine Chemical compound NC1=NN=NN1 ULRPISSMEBPJLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- TWBYWOBDOCUKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isonicotinic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1 TWBYWOBDOCUKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003115 supporting electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- MHFJSVNTDPZPQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;2h-tetrazol-5-amine Chemical compound [K].NC=1N=NNN=1 MHFJSVNTDPZPQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- KLSJWNVTNUYHDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Amitrole Chemical compound NC1=NC=NN1 KLSJWNVTNUYHDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VUZPGEIXNYGDJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitroethanol Chemical compound CC(O)[N+]([O-])=O VUZPGEIXNYGDJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- IDCPFAYURAQKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitroguanidine Chemical compound NC(=N)N[N+]([O-])=O IDCPFAYURAQKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007798 antifreeze agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002577 cryoprotective agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 229910001963 alkali metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001964 alkaline earth metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims 2
- GEHBUYNXWNQEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-tetrazol-5-amine Chemical compound NC=1N=NNN=1.NC=1N=NNN=1 GEHBUYNXWNQEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- HYXSMPANYVHSKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N NC1=NN=NN1.[K].NC1=NN=NN1 Chemical compound NC1=NN=NN1.[K].NC1=NN=NN1 HYXSMPANYVHSKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 31
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 18
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- -1 alkali metal nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 7
- JSIAIROWMJGMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-triazol-4-amine Chemical compound NC1=CNN=N1 JSIAIROWMJGMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 5
- KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-tetrazole Substances C=1N=NNN=1 KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-1,2,3-Triazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNN=1 QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4H-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C=1N=CNN=1 NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002048 anodisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-pyrrole Natural products C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010349 cathodic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WFJRIDQGVSJLLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl n-aminocarbamate Chemical compound COC(=O)NN WFJRIDQGVSJLLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010517 secondary reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FMCUPJKTGNBGEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-triazol-4-amine Chemical compound NN1C=NN=C1 FMCUPJKTGNBGEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formic acid Chemical compound OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FGHAZDVJHATENE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N-]=[N+]=[N-].[N-]=[N+]=[N-].[N-]=[N+]=[N-].[NH6+3] Chemical compound [N-]=[N+]=[N-].[N-]=[N+]=[N-].[N-]=[N+]=[N-].[NH6+3] FGHAZDVJHATENE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HAMNKKUPIHEESI-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoguanidine Chemical class NNC(N)=N HAMNKKUPIHEESI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OWIUPIRUAQMTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbazic acid Chemical compound NNC(O)=O OWIUPIRUAQMTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- JMGZBMRVDHKMKB-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;2-sulfobutanedioate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OS(=O)(=O)C(C([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O JMGZBMRVDHKMKB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002897 organic nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006174 pH buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium chlorate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KNRUQUSSDKZTSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrazol-1-amine Chemical compound NN1C=NN=N1 KNRUQUSSDKZTSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJPANWOKBWZVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrazol-2-amine Chemical compound NN1N=CN=N1 XJPANWOKBWZVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003567 thiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MPSUGQWRVNRJEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazol-1-amine Chemical compound NN1C=CN=N1 MPSUGQWRVNRJEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDJWKDVEYUXIRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazol-2-amine Chemical compound NN1N=CC=N1 BDJWKDVEYUXIRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16N—LUBRICATING
- F16N11/00—Arrangements for supplying grease from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated; Grease cups
- F16N11/10—Arrangements for supplying grease from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated; Grease cups by pressure of another fluid
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
aR +/− ne− → bG + cP
式中、R、GおよびPは、それぞれ反応物、ガス生成物、および非ガス生成物を表し、a、b、c、およびnは、化学量論係数である。電気回路を用いて電気化学的電解槽を通して電流を流す場合、電荷消費の観点からは、気体を効率的に発生させることが望ましい。この効率は、電子化学量論係数が低いことに関連してガス生成物化学量論係数が高いことが必要とされる。1ファラデーあたりのモル数で表したガス発生の化学量論効率(E)は、等式(1)で
E=b/n モル/F
として定義することができる。
H2Oの陽極酸化: 2H2O − 4e− → O2 + 4H+ 反応1
H2Oの陰極還元: 2H2O + 2e− → H2 + 2OH− 反応2
2N3 − → 3N2 + 2e− 反応3
CH3CO2NHNH2 → CH3CO2H + N2 + 2H+ + 2e− 反応4
2H2O + 2e− → H2 + 2OH− 反応2
本例は、二室H型電解槽の一方のアーム中に配置した陽極で行う単電極試験に関する。表1は、種々の電解質溶液/陽極材料系に対する標準的な条件下での、陽極におけるガス発生率を示す。指定の電解質溶液約100mlを、ガラスH電解槽の一方のアーム中に入れ、指定の陽極材料からなる12cm2の陽極において、0.2アンペアで陽極酸化に実施する。ガス測定系の校正は、炭酸カリウム水溶液の電気分解により行う(表1の第一列)。
本例は、二室H型電解槽を用いた陰極での単一試験に関する。表2は、種々の電解質溶液/陰極材料系に対する標準的な条件下での、陰極におけるガス発生率を示す。電解質溶液はすべて、カリウム5−アミノ−テトラゾールおよび陰極減極剤を含む。指定の電解質溶液約100mlを、ガラスH電解槽の一方のアーム中に入れ、指定の陽極材料からなる12cm2の陽極において、0.2アンペアで陽極酸化を実施する。
本例は、市販の潤滑装置の非分割電解槽における工程を組み合わせた模擬試験に関する。GRAFOIL(商標)グラファイトシートからなる陽極とグラファイトクロスからなる陰極とを、表3に示す電解質溶液約100mlと共に、H型電解槽の一方のアーム中に配置する。指定の電解質溶液を、表3に示す12cm2の電極において、0.2アンペアで電極材料の陽極酸化と陰極還元とを同時に実施する。
CH3N5+2H2O→2N2+HCOOH+NH4 ++H++2e− 反応5
本例は、市販の潤滑剤供給装置の条件と類似の条件下で窒素を発生する、電極と電解質組成物の6種類の異なる組合せを例示する。表4に示す電解質溶液(ユニット3、5、7、9、21または35)約25mlを、ATS Electro-Luber BUDGET-LUBER(商標)サイズの密封したPVC試験電解槽の2個の電極(直径約6cmの電極)間に構成されたセルローススポンジに吸収させる。この電解槽を2個の1.6ボルトバッテリー、抵抗器およびスイッチと直列に接続した。室温で数週間運転を行い、電流および発生したガスの体積を監視した。
本例は、例4に記載する条件と同様の実験条件下で操作する、電極と電解質系との種々の組合せに対するガス組成を提供する。室温において1ヶ月間機能させた後の各ユニットからガス試料を採取し、窒素80体積%、酸素2体積%、水素8体積%、メタン5体積%および一酸化炭素5体積%から構成されるガスにより校正を行ったMTI分析装置 (Freemont, CA製M100)を用いてガスクロマトグラフで分析を行った。表5に示すガス組成は、標準化していない値の合計が100%未満である場合(これはこの計器によって同定できないガスの存在を示している場合である)を除いて、標準化したものである。
Claims (36)
- 電気分解により窒素ガスを製造するための電解質であって、トリアゾール、アミノトリアゾール、テトラゾール、アミノテトラゾール、およびそれらの塩からなる群から選択された活性窒素化合物を含んでなり、前記活性窒素化合物が陽極反応物である、電解質。
- 水素ガスの形成を抑制するための陰極減極剤反応物をさらに含んでなる、請求項1に記載の電解質。
- 前記陰極減極剤が、イソニコチン酸およびその可溶性塩、ニトロ−エタノール、ニトロメタン、ニトログアニジン、硝酸塩、および塩素酸塩からなる群から選択されるものである、請求項2に記載の電解質。
- 前記陰極減極剤が、ニトロ−エタノール、ニトロメタン、イソニコチン酸、硝酸塩、または塩素酸塩である、請求項3に記載の電解質。
- 前記電解質が、5−アミノ−テトラゾールカリウム、硝酸塩、塩素酸塩、および塩酸塩からなる群から選択されたイオン系化合物である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の電解質。
- 共溶剤をさらに含んでなる、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の電解質。
- 前記共溶剤が、アセトン、またはジメチルスルホキシド、グリセロール、エチレングリコール、メタノール、およびエタノールからなる群から選択されるものである、請求項7に記載の電解質。
- 前記電解質が支持電解質を含んでなる、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の電解質。
- 前記支持電解質が、硝酸塩、塩素酸塩、または塩酸塩である、請求項9に記載の電解質。
- 凍結防止剤をさらに含んでなる、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の電解質。
- 前記凍結防止剤が、アセトン、グリセロール、DMSO、およびエチレングリコールからなる群から選択されるものである、請求項11に記載の電解質。
- 前記活性窒素化合物が5−アミノ−1H−テトラゾールである、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の電解質。
- 前記電解質が水性であり、かつ共溶剤および支持電解質をさらに含んでなる、請求項13に記載の電解質。
- 前記共溶剤が、グリセロール、エチレングリコール、またはDMSOであり、前記支持電解質が、塩酸塩または硝酸塩である、請求項14に記載の電解質。
- 前記活性窒素化合物が、アミノテトラゾール塩である、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の電解質。
- 陰極減極剤をさらに含んでなる、請求項16に記載の電解質。
- 前記陰極減極剤がイソニコチン酸または硝酸塩である、請求項17に記載の電解質。
- (a)陽極、
(b)陰極、および
(c)トリアゾール、アミノトリアゾール、テトラゾール、アミノテトラゾールおよびそれらの塩からなる群から選択された活性窒素化合物を含んでなり、前記活性窒素化合物が陽極反応物である電解質
を含んでなる、電気分解により窒素ガスを製造するための電解槽。 - 前記活性窒素化合物がアミノテトラゾールまたはアミノテトラゾール塩である、請求項19に記載の電解槽。
- 陰極における水素ガスの形成を抑制するための陰極減極剤をさらに含んでなる、請求項19または20に記載の電解槽。
- 前記陰極減極剤が、ニトロ−エタノール、ニトロメタン、イソニコチン酸、硝酸塩、または塩素酸塩である、請求項21に記載の電解槽。
- 共溶剤をさらに含んでなる、請求項19〜22のいずれか一項に記載の電解槽。
- 凍結防止剤をさらに含んでなる、請求項19〜22のいずれか一項に記載の電解槽。
- 前記凍結防止剤が、アセトン、グリセロール、エチレングリコール、またはDMSOである、請求項24に記載の電解槽。
- 前記陽極および前記陰極が、重合体含浸したグラファイト、GRAFOIL(商標)、グラファイト紙、グラファイトフェルト、またはグラファイトクロスを含んでなる、請求項19〜25のいずれか一項に記載の電解槽。
- 前記活性窒素化合物が、アミノテトラゾール5−アミノ−1H−テトラゾールである、請求項19〜26のいずれか一項に記載の電解槽。
- 前記陰極減極剤がアルカリまたはアルカリ土類金属硝酸塩であり、共溶剤がDMSOである、請求項27に記載の電解槽。
- 前記陽極および前記陰極が重合体含浸したグラファイトである、請求項28に記載の電解槽。
- 前記活性窒素化合物が、アミノテトラゾール塩カリウム5−アミノ−テトラゾールである、請求項19〜26のいずれか一項に記載の電解槽。
- 前記陽極がGRAFOIL(商標)であり、前記陰極がグラファイトクロスである、請求項30に記載の電解槽。
- 陰極減極剤が、イソニコチン酸またはそのアルカリまたはアンモニウム塩、または、アルカリもしくはアルカリ土類金属硝酸塩である、請求項31に記載の電解槽。
- 凍結防止剤をさらに含んでなる、請求項32に記載の電解槽。
- 前記陽極がGRAFOIL(商標)であり、前記陰極がグラファイトクロスであり、前記電解質が、カリウム5−アミノ−テトラゾール10重量%、5−アミノ−1H−テトラゾール10重量%、イソニコチン酸8重量%、硝酸リチウム6重量%、およびジメチルスルホキシド40重量%を含んでなる水溶液である、請求項19に記載の電解槽。
- 前記陽極および陰極がナイロン(商標)含浸したグラファイトであり、前記電解質が、カリウム5−アミノ−テトラゾール26重量%、イソニコチン酸10重量%、およびジメチルスルホキシド40重量%を含んでなる水溶液である、請求項19に記載の電解槽。
- 前記陽極で発生した窒素ガスを捕獲して、そのガスから機械的エネルギーを発生させるための変換器をさらに含んでなる、請求項19〜35のいずれか一項に記載の電解槽。
- 前記変換器が流体供給装置に機械的に接続されていることにより、前記陽極での窒素ガス発生時に、前記流体供給装置から流体が供給される、請求項36に記載の電解槽。
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US10/061,754 US6835298B2 (en) | 2002-02-01 | 2002-02-01 | Electrolytic generation of nitrogen using azole derivatives |
PCT/CA2003/000023 WO2003064726A2 (en) | 2002-02-01 | 2003-01-08 | Electrolytic generation of nitrogen using azole derivatives |
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EP (1) | EP1472389A2 (ja) |
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AU (1) | AU2003201556B2 (ja) |
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WO2011118772A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-25 | 2011-09-29 | 国立大学法人広島大学 | 水素の発生方法、水素の利用方法及び発電システム |
JP2012017509A (ja) * | 2010-07-09 | 2012-01-26 | Hirotsugu Tsuji | 燃焼ガス発生装置 |
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US6835298B2 (en) * | 2002-02-01 | 2004-12-28 | A.T.S. Electro-Lube Holdings, Ltd. | Electrolytic generation of nitrogen using azole derivatives |
GB0221439D0 (en) * | 2002-09-16 | 2002-10-23 | Enpar Technologies Inc | Ion-exchange/electrochemical treatment of ammonia in waste-water |
JP2007505268A (ja) * | 2003-07-07 | 2007-03-08 | ナタサ、エンタープライジズ、リミテッド | 再使用可能な流体供給装置 |
DE102004032260B4 (de) * | 2004-03-19 | 2006-04-27 | Perma-Tec Gmbh & Co Kg | Zelle zur Gaserzeugung |
AU2005240682B2 (en) | 2004-05-06 | 2010-11-25 | Stephania Holdings Inc. | Automatic motor driven in-line piston pump lubricator |
US8033504B2 (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2011-10-11 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | System, method and apparatus for windblast reduction during release or ejection from aircraft |
US9151443B2 (en) | 2009-02-22 | 2015-10-06 | Stephania Holdings Inc. | Fluid holder and electromechanical lubricator employing same |
CN104419945A (zh) * | 2013-08-28 | 2015-03-18 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | 一种电解氨制备氢气的方法及装置 |
CN108359234A (zh) * | 2017-07-31 | 2018-08-03 | 安徽旭升新材料有限公司 | 废料回收型导电尼龙碳纤维热塑性复合材料及其制备方法 |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2011118772A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-25 | 2011-09-29 | 国立大学法人広島大学 | 水素の発生方法、水素の利用方法及び発電システム |
JP5717257B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-25 | 2015-05-13 | 国立大学法人広島大学 | 水素の発生方法、水素の利用方法及び発電システム |
JP2012017509A (ja) * | 2010-07-09 | 2012-01-26 | Hirotsugu Tsuji | 燃焼ガス発生装置 |
Also Published As
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CA2474786C (en) | 2011-10-11 |
US20040232003A1 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
US7429315B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 |
WO2003064726A3 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
EP1472389A2 (en) | 2004-11-03 |
WO2003064726A2 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
US20050067276A1 (en) | 2005-03-31 |
US7306711B2 (en) | 2007-12-11 |
AU2003201556B2 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
CA2474786A1 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
JP4566563B2 (ja) | 2010-10-20 |
US6835298B2 (en) | 2004-12-28 |
US20030146104A1 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
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