JP2005266029A - 拡散性の反射面を持つ反射型調光素子 - Google Patents
拡散性の反射面を持つ反射型調光素子 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ATTFYOXEMHAYAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nickel Chemical compound [Mg].[Ni] ATTFYOXEMHAYAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 9
- -1 rare earth hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001505 atmospheric-pressure chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004313 glare Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910019758 Mg2Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3639—Multilayers containing at least two functional metal layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3618—Coatings of type glass/inorganic compound/other inorganic layers, at least one layer being metallic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3621—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer one layer at least containing a fluoride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3657—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having optical properties
- C03C17/3663—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having optical properties specially adapted for use as mirrors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3681—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating being used in glazing, e.g. windows or windscreens
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
- G02B5/021—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures
- G02B5/0221—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures the surface having an irregular structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0273—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use
- G02B5/0284—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use used in reflection
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
- C03C2217/77—Coatings having a rough surface
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/90—Other aspects of coatings
- C03C2217/94—Transparent conductive oxide layers [TCO] being part of a multilayer coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
- C03C2218/10—Deposition methods
- C03C2218/15—Deposition methods from the vapour phase
- C03C2218/152—Deposition methods from the vapour phase by cvd
- C03C2218/153—Deposition methods from the vapour phase by cvd by plasma-enhanced cvd
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
- C03C2218/10—Deposition methods
- C03C2218/15—Deposition methods from the vapour phase
- C03C2218/154—Deposition methods from the vapour phase by sputtering
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】 透明基材に表面凹凸を有する透明薄膜を形成し、当該透明薄膜上に表面凹凸を有する反射型調光薄膜層を形成したことを特徴とする拡散反射型調光素子、前記の拡散反射型調光素子を構成要素として含むことを特徴とする拡散反射型調光ガラス部材、及び透明基材に一体又は別体で表面凹凸を有する透明薄膜を形成し、当該透明薄膜上に表面凹凸を有する反射型調光薄膜層を形成することを特徴とする拡散反射型調光素子の製造方法。
【選択図】なし
Description
本発明は、調光ミラー薄膜を表面凸凹を有する基板上に形成することで、金属時における反射光を散乱させてまぶしさを取り除くことを可能とし、調光薄膜にこのような形状を持たせることで、透明な状態と白みがかった拡散性の反射状態の間でスイッチングを行うことができ、建築用の窓ガラスなどに好適に使用することが可能な拡散反射型調光素子を提供することを目的とするものである。
(1)透明基材に表面凹凸を有する透明薄膜を形成し、当該透明薄膜上に表面凹凸を有する反射型調光薄膜層を形成したことを特徴とする拡散反射型調光素子。
(2)上記透明基材が、透明プラスチック基板、又は透明シートである前記(1)に記載の拡散反射型調光素子。
(3)上記透明薄膜が、透明導電膜である前記(1)に記載の拡散反射型調光素子。
(4)上記透明導電膜が、フッ素が添加された酸化錫、アンチモンが添加された酸化錫、アンチモンが添加されたインジウム錫酸化物、及びアルミニウムが添加された酸化亜鉛のうちのいずれか1種である前記(3)に記載の拡散反射型調光素子。
(5)上記反射型調光薄膜層が、
1)マグネシウム・ニッケル合金薄膜、マグネシウム薄膜、希土類金属薄膜、又は希土類金属とマグネシウムの合金薄膜を含む、
2)上記薄膜の上に触媒層が形成されている、
3)任意の構成として、上記触媒層の上に保護層が形成されている、
からなり、透明な状態と光を反射する状態に変化する機能を有する、前記(1)に記載の拡散反射型調光素子。
(6)上記薄膜の表面に、触媒層として0.5−10nmのパラジウムもしくは白金又はこれを含む材料をコートした前記(5)に記載の拡散反射型調光素子。
(7)上記保護層が、水素透過性であり、かつ水非透過性の材料からなる前記(5)に記載の拡散反射型調光素子。
(8)上記反射型調光薄膜層に、透明な基材と反対の方向に延びている角錐形状の凸部を多数含む表面形態を形成することで、調光特性及び劣化特性を向上させた前記(1)に記載の拡散反射型調光素子。
(9)上記反射型調光薄膜層が、透明な基材と反対の方向に延びている角錐形状の凸部を多数含む表面形態を有し、表面に露出している凸部の高さが50−200nmである前記(8)に記載の拡散反射型調光素子。
(10)透明基材に一体又は別体で表面凹凸を有する透明薄膜を形成し、当該透明薄膜上に表面凹凸を有する反射型調光薄膜層を形成することを特徴とする拡散反射型調光素子の製造方法。
(11)前記(1)から(9)のいずれかに記載の拡散反射型調光素子を構成要素として含むことを特徴とする拡散反射型調光ガラス部材。
(12)調光ガラスが、建物用調光ガラスである前記(11)に記載の拡散反射型調光ガラス部材。
本発明の拡散反射型調光素子は、透明基材上に表面凹凸を有する透明薄膜を形成し、この透明薄膜上に表面凹凸を有する反射型調光薄膜層を形成したことを特徴とするものである。本発明は、基本的には、図1(a)に模式的に示したように、ガラスやプラスティック等の透明基板上に50−100nm程度の表面凸凹を有する透明薄膜をつけ、その上に、図1(b)に模式的に示したように、例えば、Pd/Mg6 Ni等の反射型の調光薄膜を蒸着することで、反射状態(金属状態)における反射光を拡散させ、白っぽい色にしてまぶしさを抑える機能を付加した拡散反射型調光素子に係るものである。
膜は、多数の角錐形状の結晶粒からなり、かつSnO2 膜表面は、高さ50〜150nmの角錐形状の凸部を有している。図2(b)に、このSnO2
膜上に、スパッタ法により約40nmの厚さのMg6 Ni薄膜、更に、その上に、同じくスパッタ法により約4nmの厚さのPd薄膜をつけた拡散性反射調光薄膜表面(b)の走査型電子顕微鏡写真(SEM)を示す。この反射型調光薄膜をつけても、図2(a)と同様の形状が基本的に維持され、表面に凹凸を持っていることがわかる。
Ni薄膜をつけると、ほとんど銀の鏡に近いクリアな反射を示すが、表面凹凸を持つPd/Mg6 Ni薄膜では、光がこの表面凹凸により散乱されて、白っぽい色になっていることがわかる。
Ni薄膜をつけた場合とほとんど変わらない外観を呈しており、このことは、表面凹凸形状を持たせたPd/Mg6 Ni薄膜では、少し黄色っぽい透明な状態と、少し白っぽい色を呈した拡散性の反射状態とを任意に切り替えることができることを示している。
Ni薄膜で同様の調光の繰り返しを行った場合には、この劣化の度合いが小さくなる。100回のサイクル繰り返し後の表面形状を観察すると、平坦な表面を持つPd/Mg6
Ni薄膜では、膜に亀裂がはしったり、クレーター上の盛り上がりができたりという変化が現れ、これが劣化と関連していると思われるのに対して、表面が凹凸形状を持つPd/Mg6
Ni薄膜では、そのような変化が見られず、調光素子に特殊な形状を持たせることで劣化を抑えることができると考えられる。
Niを形成した。その後、同じ真空条件で、6Wのパワーを加えてパラジウム薄膜の蒸着を行った。
Ni薄膜を形成した場合の方が、透明な状態から鏡の状態に変化する応答が早いという結果が得られた。こちらも、凸凹形状により、水素イオンの出入りが起こりやすくなっているための考えられる。
Claims (12)
- 透明基材に表面凹凸を有する透明薄膜を形成し、当該透明薄膜上に表面凹凸を有する反射型調光薄膜層を形成したことを特徴とする拡散反射型調光素子。
- 上記透明基材が、透明プラスチック基板、又は透明シートである請求項1に記載の拡散反射型調光素子。
- 上記透明薄膜が、透明導電膜である請求項1に記載の拡散反射型調光素子。
- 上記透明導電膜が、フッ素が添加された酸化錫、アンチモンが添加された酸化錫、アンチモンが添加されたインジウム錫酸化物、及びアルミニウムが添加された酸化亜鉛のうちのいずれか1種である請求項3に記載の拡散反射型調光素子。
- 上記反射型調光薄膜層が、
(1)マグネシウム・ニッケル合金薄膜、マグネシウム薄膜、希土類金属薄膜、又は希土類金属とマグネシウムの合金薄膜を含む、
(2)上記薄膜の上に触媒層が形成されている、
(3)任意の構成として、上記触媒層の上に保護層が形成されている、
からなり、透明な状態と光を反射する状態に変化する機能を有する、請求項1に記載の拡散反射型調光素子。 - 上記薄膜の表面に、触媒層として0.5−10nmのパラジウムもしくは白金又はこれを含む材料をコートした請求項5に記載の拡散反射型調光素子。
- 上記保護層が、水素透過性であり、かつ水非透過性の材料からなる請求項5に記載の拡散反射型調光素子。
- 上記反射型調光薄膜層に、透明な基材と反対の方向に延びている角錐形状の凸部を多数含む表面形態を形成することで、調光特性及び劣化特性を向上させた請求項1に記載の拡散反射型調光素子。
- 上記反射型調光薄膜層が、透明な基材と反対の方向に延びている角錐形状の凸部を多数含む表面形態を有し、表面に露出している凸部の高さが50−200nmである請求項8に記載の拡散反射型調光素子。
- 透明基材に一体又は別体で表面凹凸を有する透明薄膜を形成し、当該透明薄膜上に表面凹凸を有する反射型調光薄膜層を形成することを特徴とする拡散反射型調光素子の製造方法。
- 請求項1から9のいずれかに記載の拡散反射型調光素子を構成要素として含むことを特徴とする拡散反射型調光ガラス部材。
- 調光ガラスが、建物用調光ガラスである請求項11に記載の拡散反射型調光ガラス部材。
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