JP2005261246A - Seed-adhered mat - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a seed-adhered mat 1 capable of suitably preventing a phenomenon of "roots reaching out above the ground" and capable of making seeds exhibit sprouting power equivalent to that of forced sprouting husked rice, by using the seeds subjected to "water-soaking treatment" and "drying treatment". <P>SOLUTION: This seed-adhered mat 1 is formed by fastening many of the seeds 4 to a surface of a mat material 2 by an adhesive, wherein the seeds are subjected to the water-soaking treatment, then subjected to the drying treatment, and further adhered to the mat material 2. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a seed, or a seed adhesion mat formed by bonding a seed and a covering material, and in particular, can prevent “uprooting” suitably, and can also be applied to a seed subjected to “water immersion treatment” and “drying treatment”. The present invention relates to a seed adhesion mat that can exhibit a germination ability comparable to a budding pod.

  Conventionally, sowing and raising seedling operations in paddy rice cultivation have been generally performed according to the following procedure. First, put the soil in a nursery box (approx. 60cm x 30cm) that has been cleaned and sterilized, irrigate, and then seed seeds that have undergone germination treatment (treatment to promote germination by soaking the seeds in water for about a week) Sowing and placing a cover soil (approx. 1kg / nursery box) on top of it to prevent "rooting" and "drying", and then carrying it in a seedling container maintained at a specified temperature and humidity And encourage germination for 2-3 days. Then, the budding seedling box is taken out of the vessel, and the temperature and moisture are managed in the nursery house until the seedling grows to a desired height. In some areas, without using a seedling device, it may be placed directly in a seedling house and kept warm with a covering material to promote germination.

  In many cases, such conventional sowing and seedling work is inevitably performed manually, which requires a lot of labor for the operator. In addition, the seedlings cultivated by this method are very heavy because they use floor soil and cover soil, and this is a factor that hinders the smooth progress of work when they are brought into Honda. For this reason, in recent years, it has been desired to save labor in sowing and raising seedlings of paddy rice seeds, or to develop technologies for reducing the weight of seedlings.

  In addition, seedling boxes used for raising seedlings are collected after use, washed and sterilized, and stored for use in the next year. However, the collection and cleaning work is complicated, and the storage location is secured and stored. The maintenance and management of the inside is also necessary, and its rationalization is desired.

  For these reasons, in recent years, direct sowing cultivation (such as direct sowing and dry rice direct sowing) in which seedlings are omitted has been attracting attention as a technique that can save labor in sowing and raising seedlings of paddy rice seeds. However, in order to perform direct sowing cultivation, a dedicated seeder is required, and there is a problem that a general rice transplanter cannot be used as it is. For this reason, various seed adhesion mats that can be directly sown using a rice transplanter have been developed and are also considered for use in raising seedlings.

JP 2002-253008 A JP 2002-223610 A JP 2001-178211 A JP 2001-169612 A JP 2002-058411 A JP 2002-320403 A

  However, conventional seed adhesive mats have been developed mainly for direct sowing and do not have a structure that can suppress “rooting” and “drying”. Is required. More specifically, in the conventional seedling raising method (nursing seedling method using a seedling box), about 1 kg of covering soil is used per box in order to prevent “rooting” and “drying”. If the cover soil is used, the weight of the seedling will increase accordingly, and the burden on the operator will increase when carrying it into Honda. In addition, in order to stabilize the covering soil on the mat, it is assumed that a nursery box is used.

  Therefore, recently, seed-bonding mats have been developed that can save sowing work and reduce the weight by omitting the cover soil. However, as a result of the omission of the cover soil, seedling growth caused by seed "drying" Due to problems, the method of raising seedlings is limited to “pool raising seedlings” in which the pool is always filled with water. In addition, the adhesive used for the seed adhesive mat is a synthetic rubber system containing an organic solvent, and it has been pointed out that there are problems with attention to the work environment and safety.

  In addition, in the case of the conventional seedling raising method, uniform germination and growth are ensured by soaking and sprouting the seeds in water for a certain period of time before sowing. May dissolve and seeds may fall off from the mat material, and soaking and germinating a large amount of seed adhesive mats used for raising seedlings is a labor-intensive task and requires a large work area. Since it needs to be secured, it is not possible to perform dipping / germination after the seeds are adhered. On the other hand, if the soaking and germination treatment is performed before adhering the seeds, it is difficult to preserve for a long time, and there is a possibility that the germination rate may decrease with the passage of days.

  In order to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, the seed adhesive mat according to claim 1 of the present invention is a seed adhesive mat formed by fixing a large number of seeds with an adhesive on the surface of the mat material. These seeds are characterized in that the seeds are subjected to a drying treatment after the water immersion treatment and then adhered to the mat material.

  The seed adhesive mat according to claim 2 of the present invention is characterized in that a soil covering material is fixed on a seed fixed on the mat material by an adhesive. In addition, after fixing a covering material, an adhesive agent can also be apply | coated on it.

Further, as the water immersion treatment, it is preferable to immerse the seeds in water having a water temperature of 15 to 25 ° C. for a predetermined time, and the value S (unit: time) of the immersion time is the value T (unit: ° C.) of the water temperature. Therefore, it is preferable that the following relational expression is satisfied.

The optimum value of the immersion time value S can be obtained by the following equation.
These relational expressions are calculated based on data obtained by the inventors of the present invention by repeatedly performing various experiments. In the above equations, “e” is a natural logarithm.

  Moreover, as a drying process, it is preferable to dry the seed after water immersion at the temperature of 20-40 degreeC, and it is preferable to adjust so that the moisture content of a seed may become 11-14% by this.

  Moreover, as an adhesive agent to be used, from the viewpoint of plant physiology, it is inert, water-soluble, easy to use and highly safe polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution (8 to 11%, more preferably 10%). It is preferable to use a solution. Moreover, since PVA is used, the water permeability at the time of irrigation is good, and water can be sufficiently retained in the mat.

  In the seed adhesive mat according to the present invention, seeds are fixed on the mat material with an adhesive, and therefore, “uprooting” can be suitably avoided when raising seedlings. Therefore, it is possible to omit the soil covering conventionally used to prevent “rooting”. As a result, the seedling weight can be significantly reduced, and the labor of transplanting seedlings (rice planting) can be greatly reduced.

  Further, since the covering is omitted, there is a problem of poor growth due to “drying” of the seeds. However, this problem can be solved by the method of “pool breeding” and the seedling can be easily grown. At that time, sowing work and covering soil can be omitted, and since it can be carried out without using a seedling box or the like, labor can be reduced accordingly.

  In addition, the seedlings nurtured by “pool seedlings” can be set on a general rice transplanter seedling stand, similar to seedlings grown by conventional methods (soiled seedlings grown using a seedling box), Planting in Honda can be done easily.

  Furthermore, this seed adhesive mat can also be applied to flooded direct sowing, in which case it can be expected to save labor and streamline rice cultivation, and it is not necessary to use a special sowing machine. Therefore, it can be expected that the rice transplanter will be used for general purposes.

  In addition, when an adhesive is applied on the seed fixed on the mat material and the covering material is adhered and fixed, the occurrence rate of “rooting” at the time of seedling can be further reduced, and the “drying” of the seed Can be prevented. In this case, the amount of the covering material to be bonded is about 200 to 500 g per mat, and compared with the amount of covering (1 to 1.3 kg per mat) in the conventional seedling method, Small amount is enough. Accordingly, the seedling can be reduced in weight accordingly.

  Moreover, as seeds that adhere to the mat material, a water immersion treatment is performed (soaking in water at a water temperature of 15 to 25 ° C. for about 50 to 148 hours), and then a drying treatment is performed (at a temperature of 20 to 40 ° C., 20 to When dried so that the water content is adjusted to 11 to 14% by drying for about 48 hours, the same germination and initial growth are ensured in the same manner as a general soaked and germinated pod. In addition, it is more preservable than ordinary soaked and germinated buds.

  Furthermore, when an 8-11% solution of PVA is used as an adhesive, even if a small amount of soil covering material is used, or even if it is omitted, the period until the seed root penetrates the mat, It has the effect of fixing seeds and suppressing “rooting”. Further, by applying a small amount of the adhesive uniformly with a spray gun or the like, it is possible to maintain water absorption to the mat material, seeds, and covering soil.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the “seed adhesive mat” of the present invention. As shown in the figure, this seed adhesive mat 1 is disposed on a mat member 2 with an adhesive layer 3 interposed therebetween. The seed 4 is adhered.

  Of the elements constituting the seed adhesive mat 1, the mat material 2 is formed by molding a material whose main raw material is pulverized rice husk into a plate shape. More specifically, in this embodiment, 440 g of pulverized rice husk as a main raw material, PET resin 8 g, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate 0.35 g, acidity adjusting agent (trade name “Coop pH”) 10 g, and nitrogen 1.0 g was added, mixed and stirred, and then formed into a plate shape having a thickness of 15 mm by hot rolling (heating temperature: 150 ° C., heating time: 3 minutes), and a prescribed size (length 580 mm, width 280 mm). ) Is used. In addition, PET resin is added as a “binder”, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate is added as a “surfactant” for improving the water repellency of the ground rice husk, and nitrogen is added as a “nurturing seedling nutrient”.

  In addition, the seed 4 was subjected to “immersion / drying treatment” as a precaution (the soaking was carried out for 144 hours in water maintained at 15 ° C. in a constant temperature water tank, and then the temperature was set to 30 ° C. The dried cocoon seeds are adjusted so that the water content becomes 11 to 14% by drying with a dryer for 48 hours. The adhesive layer 3 is formed by applying a 10% PVA solution (adhesive) on the mat member 2.

  The seed adhesion mat 1 shown in FIG. 1 can be manufactured by the following method. First, an adhesive (40 g) is uniformly applied to the upper surface of the mat member 2 by using a spray gun to form an adhesive layer 3, and seeds 4 (150 g) are uniformly spread thereon, and then pressed with a roller. To do. Then, the adhesive is dried and solidified by a ventilation dryer, and the seed 4 is fixed on the mat member 2.

  In addition, as the seed 4, a seed coated with a calper agent (oxygen generating agent) in advance can be used. In this case, oxygen supplementation can be performed in direct sowing cultivation, thereby promoting the germination of the seeds 4, but the grains are enlarged by the coating, and as a result, the adhesion seeds 4 per unit area of the mat material 2 are increased. The amount may be reduced. Therefore, when using seed 4 coated with a calper agent, after performing a series of steps of “adhesive application, seed dissemination, roller pressing”, these steps are repeated once more, It is preferable to configure it to have two layers. In this way, a sufficient amount of seeds 4 can be adhered.

  Thus, since the seed adhesion mat 1 of the present embodiment has the seeds 4 fixed on the mat material 2 with an adhesive, “rooting” can be suitably avoided when raising seedlings. Therefore, it is possible to omit the soil covering conventionally used to prevent “rooting”. As a result, the seedling weight can be significantly reduced, and the labor of transplanting seedlings (rice planting) can be greatly reduced.

  This seed adhesion mat 1 can be raised by a method called “pool seedling”. Specifically, first, the seed adhesive mats 1 of FIG. 1 are arranged in the pool without any gaps, and using a watering device, water in which a soil disinfectant is dissolved is spread over the entire surface, and 1.5 liters per seed adhesive mat. Absorb water to the extent. Then, the seed adhesive mat is covered with a covering material having a heat retaining effect, and is left as it is for about one week to promote budding. And if budding is confirmed, a coating | covering material will be removed, and it will submerge to the upper surface of the seed adhesion mat 1, and will grow a seedling. After that, when the seedling grows to such an extent that it can be planted in Honda, the seedling is finished.

  As described above, the seed adhesion mat 1 of the present embodiment can be easily nurtured by “pool nurturing”. In this case, seeding work and covering soil can be omitted, and the seed bonding mat 1 can be carried out without using a seedling box or the like. Therefore, labor can be reduced accordingly.

  In addition, the cultivated seedlings are held on the seed bonding mat 1 and are grown on a conventional rice transplanter as in the case of seedlings grown by conventional methods (ground seedlings grown using a seedling box). It can be set on a stand and can be easily planted in Honda. However, since seedling mats 1 are connected by “rooting” at the end of raising seedlings, when set on a rice transplanter, a predetermined size, for example, the original size (580 mm × 280 mm) Or cut into two original sizes (1160 mm × 280 mm). In addition, the cut | disconnected seed adhesion mat 1 can be easily conveyed to Honda or the vicinity of a rice transplanter by winding in roll shape.

  Furthermore, this seed adhesion mat 1 can also be used for “flooded direct sowing”. More specifically, in order to perform direct sowing cultivation, a special sowing machine is usually required. In the seed bonding mat 1 of the present embodiment, the seed 4 is fixed on the mat material 2 with an adhesive. Therefore, after setting on a seedling stand of a general rice transplanter and irrigating with watering, use the same operation as transplanting the seedling to make it one size (3-5 seeds) with the planting claws. Planting (seeding) to Honda can be performed while separating. Thus, when applying the seed adhesion mat 1 of the present embodiment to direct sowing cultivation, it is possible to expect the effects of labor saving of rice cultivation and general use of the rice transplanter.

  In addition, since the seed 4 used in the seed adhesion mat 1 is subjected to the “immersion / drying treatment” as described above, it can be stored for a long period of time. In other words, even after about 6 months have passed since the production, the “dipping / drying treatment” hardly causes a problem such as “decrease in germination rate” and germinates at the same time. Can do.

  In addition, when it is going to manufacture this seed adhesion mat 1 in a required quantity in an area, it will take a certain amount of time. Therefore, it is difficult to manufacture all the amount of seed adhesive mat 1 required in a seed adhesive mat manufacturing facility such as agricultural cooperative in a short time. However, since the seed adhesive mat 1 can be stored for a long period of time as described above, the production is started in advance at the timing, and the seed adhesive mat 1 completed first is completed until the final one is completed. Alternatively, it can be stored until the seedling is started. However, if it is stored under the open air, the water content of the seeds 4 fixed on the mat member 2 may increase, and the germination rate may decrease. For this reason, the seed adhesive mat 1 completed previously is covered with vinyl or the like, shielded from the outside air, and stored while maintaining a low humidity state using a desiccant or the like.

  Next, a second embodiment of the “seed adhesion mat” of the present invention will be described. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the “seed adhesive mat” of the present invention. As shown in the drawing, the seed adhesive mat 1 is formed on the mat material 2 with a first adhesive layer. The seed 4 is adhered via 3a, and the covering material 6 is adhered to the upper layer via the second adhesive layer 3b. As the soil covering material 6, granular soil having a diameter of 1.4 mm or more (large grain soil obtained by sorting commercially available granular soil with a 1.4 mm mesh sieve) is used. The mat member 2 and the seed 4 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and the first adhesive layer 3a and the second adhesive layer 3b are the same as those in the first embodiment. This is the same as the adhesive layer 3 in FIG.

  Here, the manufacturing method of the seed adhesion mat 1 shown in FIG. 2 will be briefly described. First, an adhesive (40 g) is uniformly applied to the upper surface of the mat member 2 by using a spray gun to form a first adhesive layer 3a, and seeds 4 (150 g) are uniformly spread thereon. Crimp with a roller. Next, an adhesive (30-40 g) is uniformly applied on the seed layer again using a spray gun to form a second adhesive layer 3b, and a soil covering material 6 (400 g) is uniformly applied thereon. Sprinkle on and crimp with a roller. Finally, the adhesive is dried and solidified by a ventilation dryer, and the seed 4 and the soil covering material 6 are fixed on the mat material 2. In addition, when adhesion | attachment of the earth covering material 6 is inadequate, after pressing the earth covering material 6 with a roller, you may apply | coat an adhesive agent on it again.

  Since the seed adhesive mat 1 according to the present embodiment fixes the seed 4 and the covering material 6 using an adhesive, the mat material 2 does not necessarily have a special structure. Similarly to the seed adhesive mat 1 in the embodiment, a material mainly composed of crushed rice husks can be used as the mat material 2, and the mat material 2 formed of rock wool, paper, or the like that is generally commercially available. Can also be used. For this reason, manufacturing cost can be suppressed and versatility is high.

  In addition, since the seed 4 is fixed with an adhesive so that the seed 4 does not fall off or “root up”, the soil covering material 6 only needs to exhibit a water retention function to prevent the seed 4 from being dried. In order to prevent “rooting”, about 1 kg of covering soil is used per sheet. In the present embodiment, the amount of covering material 6 used is about 200 to 500 g per seed adhesive mat. Is sufficient, and as a result, the seedling can be significantly reduced in weight. Moreover, since the soil covering material 6 can select and use the granular general commercial item which is easy to adhere | attach, it has versatility.

  Furthermore, since the seed 4 and the soil covering material 6 are fixed by the adhesive, the seed bonding mat 1 does not need to use a nursery box and can be easily raised by a general method called “house raising”. it can. More specifically, first, a vinyl sheet is laid in the house, and the seed adhesive mat 1 of FIG. 2 is arranged without gaps on the house, and using a watering device, water with dissolved soil disinfectant is spread over the entire surface. Absorb about 1.5 liters of water per seed adhesion mat. Then, the seed adhesive mat is covered with a covering material having a heat retaining effect, and is left as it is for about one week to promote budding. And if budding is confirmed, a coating | covering material will be removed, and a seedling will be nurtured after that by performing irrigation about once a day. After that, when the seedling grows to such an extent that it can be planted in Honda, the seedling is finished.

  Here, the results of experiments conducted by the inventors will be described as examples of the “seed adhesive mat” of the present invention.

  First, as Example 1 of the present invention, two types of seed adhesion mats (samples 1 and 2) in which seeds were fixed on a mat material using an adhesive were used, and as a comparative example, seeds were adhered to the mat material. Two types (samples 3 and 4) were prepared.

  More specifically, sample 1 (the present invention) is formed on the upper surface of a mat material formed by processing a material mainly made of crushed rice husk into a plate shape (length 580 mm, width 280 mm, thickness 15 mm), Apply 30 g of adhesive uniformly using a spray gun, spread 150 g of seeds uniformly on it, press with a roller, apply 30 g of adhesive with a spray gun, and dry the adhesive with a draft dryer. , Produced by solidification.

  Sample 2 (the present invention) is the seed adhesion mat 1 (see FIG. 2) described as the second embodiment, and the material using pulverized rice husks as the main material is plate-shaped (length 580 mm, width 280 mm, thickness 15 mm) is applied to the upper surface of the mat material using a spray gun, and 150 g of seeds are uniformly spread on the top surface of the mat material, pressure-bonded with a roller, and the adhesive is applied thereon. 30 g is uniformly applied, and further 300 g of covering material is uniformly sprayed thereon, pressure-bonded with a roller, and the adhesive is dried and solidified by an air dryer.

  On the other hand, Sample 3 (Comparative Example) was obtained by uniformly seeding 150 g of seeds on the mat material similar to the mat material used in Sample 1 (without adhering) and covering 500 g of the covering material thereon. Sample 4 (comparative example) is covered with 1300 g of a covering material.

  These samples 1 to 4 are placed on a vinyl sheet laid in a house, and using a watering device, water in which a soil disinfectant is dissolved is spread over the entire surface, and about 1.5 liters of water is absorbed per sample. Then, it coat | covered with the coating | covering material with a heat retention effect, it left as it was, and the budding number and the number of roots were measured on the 6th day. The results are shown in Table 1.

  From this experimental result, it was confirmed that when seeds were fixed on a mat material with an adhesive, even if the covering soil was 300 g or less, rooting could be sufficiently prevented.

  In addition, a germination test was performed using seeds that were used for the “seed adhesion mat” of the present invention and that had been subjected to “dipping / drying treatment” and normal dry rice cake that had not been subjected to these treatments. .

  Specifically, two petri dishes were prepared by placing two filter papers on the bottom and dripping 10 mL of water, and one petri dish was immersed and dried (water temperature was kept at 15 ° C. in a constant temperature water bath). By dipping the persimmon seeds in the soaked water for 6 days (144 hours) and then drying for 2 days (48 hours) with a draft dryer set at a temperature of 30 ° C., the moisture content becomes 11-14%. 100 seeds of strawberry seeds adjusted so as to be placed on the floor, and 100 seeds of untreated dry pods were placed on the other petri dish.

  And these petri dishes were set in the thermostat set to 30 degreeC, and the number (ratio) of the seed in which the bud length became 1 cm or more after germination was measured, respectively. The measurement results are as shown in the graph of Table 2.

  As is clear from this graph, the proportion of seeds that reached a bud length of 1 cm increased little by little from day 3 to day 7 in the case of untreated normal pistil, whereas immersion -The seed which performed the dry process reached | attained the bud length of 1 cm all over the 3rd-4th day. From this experimental result, it was confirmed that cocoon seeds that had been dipped and dried under predetermined conditions could ensure uniform germination and initial growth.

Sectional drawing of 1st Embodiment of this invention "seed adhesion mat". Sectional drawing of 2nd Embodiment of this invention "seed adhesion mat".

Explanation of symbols

1: seed adhesive mat,
2: Matt material
3: Adhesive layer,
3a: first adhesive layer,
3b: second adhesive layer,
4: Seeds,
6: Covering material

Claims (6)

A seed adhesive mat formed by fixing a large number of seeds with an adhesive on the surface of the mat material,
The seed adhesive mat according to claim 1, wherein the seed is subjected to a water immersion treatment and then a drying treatment, and then adhered to the mat material.   The seed adhesive mat according to claim 1, wherein a soil covering material is fixed on the seed with an adhesive.   The seed adhesive mat according to claim 2, wherein an adhesive is further applied on the soil covering material. As the water immersion treatment, the seed is immersed in water at a water temperature of 15 to 25 ° C. for a predetermined time,
The seed adhesion mat according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the immersion time value S satisfies the following relational expression in relation to the water temperature value T.
  As the drying treatment, the seeds immersed in the water are dried at a temperature of 20 to 40 ° C., whereby the moisture content of the seeds is adjusted to be 11 to 14%. The seed adhesion mat according to any one of claims 1 to 4.   The seed adhesive mat according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein an 8 to 11% solution of polyvinyl alcohol is used as the adhesive.