JP2005213364A - 黄色酸化チタン系顔料及びその製造方法並びにそれを用いた樹脂組成物 - Google Patents
黄色酸化チタン系顔料及びその製造方法並びにそれを用いた樹脂組成物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2005213364A JP2005213364A JP2004021706A JP2004021706A JP2005213364A JP 2005213364 A JP2005213364 A JP 2005213364A JP 2004021706 A JP2004021706 A JP 2004021706A JP 2004021706 A JP2004021706 A JP 2004021706A JP 2005213364 A JP2005213364 A JP 2005213364A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- titanium oxide
- yellow
- yellow titanium
- aluminum
- oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000088 plastic resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical class [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001463 antimony compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001845 chromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KECAIQNCFZTEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony;chromium Chemical compound [Sb]#[Cr] KECAIQNCFZTEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- -1 polysiloxanes Polymers 0.000 description 12
- QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) oxide Chemical class [Sn]=O QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 10
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 4
- FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K antimony trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Sb](Cl)Cl FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000349 titanium oxysulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021555 Chromium Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- WMWXXXSCZVGQAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] WMWXXXSCZVGQAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001179 medium density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004701 medium-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001038 titanium pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920012753 Ethylene Ionomers Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920010126 Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Metaphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXSIFGRGUVISHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].[Ba] Chemical compound [Ni].[Ba] PXSIFGRGUVISHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001343 alkyl silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TUFZVLHKHTYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony;nickel Chemical compound [Sb]#[Ni] TUFZVLHKHTYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012461 cellulose resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVZNQFNKKMMPFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium niobium Chemical compound [Cr].[Nb] QVZNQFNKKMMPFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H chromium(III) sulfate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[Cr+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- JPNWDVUTVSTKMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt tungsten Chemical compound [Co].[W] JPNWDVUTVSTKMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001493 electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006228 ethylene acrylate copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 1
- MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead chromate Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MOWMLACGTDMJRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel tungsten Chemical compound [Ni].[W] MOWMLACGTDMJRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- PARWUHTVGZSQPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylsilane Chemical class [SiH3]C1=CC=CC=C1 PARWUHTVGZSQPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005668 polycarbonate resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004431 polycarbonate resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005657 pyrophosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009283 thermal hydrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FAKFSJNVVCGEEI-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Sn+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O FAKFSJNVVCGEEI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C=C UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】粒子表面及び/又は内部にリン、マグネシウム、リチウム、亜鉛、アルミニウム、カルシウムからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも2種の第三元素を含み、さらに、粒子表面に酸化アルミニウム及び/又は酸化スズの被覆を有するクロム及びアンチモンを含有する黄色酸化チタン系顔料。
【効果】本発明の黄色酸化チタン系顔料は、このものを配合したプラスチックス樹脂組成物における耐熱性が優れているので、高温で加工しても変色が抑制され、各種の成形物に適用できる。
Description
(1)第1の工程(黄色酸化チタン系粒子の調製)
TiO2として75.5gに相当するルチル形核晶を含む含水酸化チタンに対し、Cr2O3換算で7重量%に相当する塩化クロム、Sb2O3換算で15重量%に相当する塩化アンチモンと、P2O5換算で0.3重量%に相当するオルトリン酸、及び、MgO換算で0.5重量%に相当する硫酸マグネシウムを含水酸化チタンに添加し、電気炉を用いて1120℃の温度で1時間加熱焼成して、ルチル形の黄色酸化チタン系粒子を得た。
第1の工程で得られた黄色酸化チタン系粒子をTiO2濃度が300g/リットルの水性スラリーとし、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加してpHを10.5として分散させた後、サンドミルで粉砕し、静置分級を行った。分級後のスラリーを1000ミリリットル分取し、温度を60℃に保持しながら、攪拌下で、硫酸を添加してpHを9に調整した後、アルミン酸ナトリウム水溶液(Al2O3として300g/リットルの濃度)20ミリリットルと硫酸とを、pHを8〜9に維持するよう20分間かけて添加した。次いで、硫酸でpHを7に調整した後30分間熟成した。熟成後、吸引濾過器で濾過、水洗し、120℃で20時間乾燥した後、ジェットミルで粉砕して、平均粒子径が0.60μmで、リンとマグネシウムとを含み、酸化アルミニウム水和物をAl2O3換算で2重量%被覆した本発明の黄色酸化チタン系顔料(試料A)を得た。
(1)第1の工程
実施例1と同様にして、黄色酸化チタン系粒子を得た。
実施例1と同様にして得られた分級後のスラリーを1000ミリリットル分取し、温度を60℃に保持しながら、攪拌下で、硫酸を添加してpHを9に調整した後、塩化スズ水溶液(SnO2として400g/リットル)3.75ミリリットルと水酸化ナトリウムとを、pHを7.0〜8.0に維持するよう20分間かけて添加した。次いで、硫酸でpHを7に調整した後30分間熟成した。熟成後、吸引濾過器で濾過、水洗し、120℃で20時間乾燥した後、ジェットミルで粉砕して、平均粒子径が0.60μmで、リンとマグネシウムとを含み、酸化第一スズ水和物をSnO2換算で0.5重量%被覆した本発明の黄色酸化チタン系顔料(試料B)を得た。
乾燥を180℃の温度で行った以外は実施例2と同様にして、リンとマグネシウムとを含み、酸化第二スズ水和物をSnO2換算で0.5重量%被覆した本発明の黄色酸化チタン系顔料(試料C)を得た。
実施例1の第2の工程において、分級後のスラリーを濾過、水洗し、120℃で20時間乾燥した後、ジェットミルで粉砕した以外は実施例1と同様にして、リンとマグネシウムとを含み、表面被覆を有しない黄色酸化チタン系顔料(試料D)を得た。
実施例1の第1の工程において、塩化クロムの使用量をCr2O3換算で5重量%、塩化アンチモンの使用量をSb2O3換算で12重量%とし、硫酸マグネシウムを用いずに黄色酸化チタン系顔料粒子を調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして、リンを含み、酸化アルミニウム水和物の被覆を有する黄色酸化チタン系顔料(試料E)を得た。
実施例1の第1の工程において、塩化アンチモンの使用量をSb2O3換算で14重量%とし、硫酸マグネシウムを用いずに黄色酸化チタン系粒子を調製したこと、及び第2の工程において分級後のスラリーを濾過、水洗し、120℃で20時間乾燥した後、ジェットミルで粉砕した以外は実施例1と同様にして、リンを含み、酸化アルミニウム水和物の被覆を有しない黄色酸化チタン系顔料(試料F)を得た。
実施例1〜3、比較例1〜3の黄色酸化チタン系顔料(試料A〜F)を用い、試料0.7g、HDPE樹脂70g(ハイゼックス5000S三井化学製)の混合物とした。この混合物を、6インチロール成形機(西村工機株式会社製、NS−155(w)型)にて樹脂温度が140℃になるようにして混練し、その後油圧成形機(神藤金属工業所株式会社製、F−37型)にて150℃でフィルム状に成形し、プラスチックス樹脂100重量部に対し黄色チタン顔料を1重量部含む樹脂組成物を得た。これらのフィルムを、300℃の温度で40分間加熱し、加熱前後のハンター表色系によるカラー(L、a、b)を式差計(Z‐1001DP型:日本電色製)を用いて計測し、ΔE(={(ΔL)2+(Δa)2+(Δb)2}1/2)を算出した。ΔEが大きい程、変色が大きい。結果を表1に示す。本発明の黄色酸化チタン系顔料を用いた樹脂組成物は、変色が小さく、耐熱性に優れていることが判る。
Claims (9)
- クロム及びアンチモンを含有する黄色酸化チタン系顔料であって、その粒子表面及び/又は内部にリン、マグネシウム、リチウム、亜鉛、アルミニウム、カルシウムからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも2種の第三元素を含み、さらに、粒子表面に酸化アルミニウム及び/又は酸化スズの被覆を有することを特徴とする黄色酸化チタン系顔料。
- 少なくともリンを第三元素として含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の黄色酸化チタン系顔料。
- 少なくともリン及びマグネシウムを第三元素として含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の黄色酸化チタン系顔料。
- 第三元素を酸化物換算で0.03〜2重量%の範囲で含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の黄色酸化チタン系顔料。
- 被覆量が0.05〜20重量%の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の黄色酸化チタン系顔料。
- 平均粒子径が0.1μmより大きく、1.0μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の黄色酸化チタン系顔料。
- リン、マグネシウム、リチウム、亜鉛、アルミニウム、カルシウムからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも2種の第三元素の化合物、チタン酸化物、クロム化合物及びアンチモン化合物とを混合し、加熱焼成して黄色酸化チタン系粒子を得る第1の工程、得られた黄色酸化チタン系粒子を含むスラリーに、アルミニウム塩及び/又はスズ塩の溶液と中和剤とを添加して、粒子表面を酸化アルミニウム及び/又は酸化スズで被覆する第2の工程を含むことを特徴とする黄色酸化チタン系顔料の製造方法。
- 請求項1記載の黄色酸化チタン系顔料とプラスチックス樹脂とを含むことを特徴とする樹脂組成物。
- プラスチックス樹脂がポリオレフィン樹脂であることを特徴とする請求項8記載の樹脂組成物。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004021706A JP5122724B2 (ja) | 2004-01-29 | 2004-01-29 | 黄色酸化チタン系顔料及びその製造方法並びにそれを用いた樹脂組成物 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004021706A JP5122724B2 (ja) | 2004-01-29 | 2004-01-29 | 黄色酸化チタン系顔料及びその製造方法並びにそれを用いた樹脂組成物 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2005213364A true JP2005213364A (ja) | 2005-08-11 |
JP5122724B2 JP5122724B2 (ja) | 2013-01-16 |
Family
ID=34905258
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004021706A Expired - Lifetime JP5122724B2 (ja) | 2004-01-29 | 2004-01-29 | 黄色酸化チタン系顔料及びその製造方法並びにそれを用いた樹脂組成物 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP5122724B2 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008156494A (ja) * | 2006-12-25 | 2008-07-10 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | スラッシュ成形用樹脂粉末組成物 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS60110763A (ja) * | 1983-11-21 | 1985-06-17 | Tsuneo Tsukamoto | 黄色系顔料 |
JPH04170323A (ja) * | 1990-11-02 | 1992-06-18 | Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd | 超微粒子黄色系顔料及びその製造方法 |
-
2004
- 2004-01-29 JP JP2004021706A patent/JP5122724B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS60110763A (ja) * | 1983-11-21 | 1985-06-17 | Tsuneo Tsukamoto | 黄色系顔料 |
JPH04170323A (ja) * | 1990-11-02 | 1992-06-18 | Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd | 超微粒子黄色系顔料及びその製造方法 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008156494A (ja) * | 2006-12-25 | 2008-07-10 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | スラッシュ成形用樹脂粉末組成物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5122724B2 (ja) | 2013-01-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP4090405B2 (ja) | 二酸化チタン顔料の製造方法 | |
US5908498A (en) | Process for preparing an improved low-dusting, free-flowing pigment | |
US5733365A (en) | Process for preparing an improved low-dusting, free-flowing pigment | |
WO2004024832A1 (ja) | 二酸化チタン顔料及びその製造方法並びにそれを用いた樹脂組成物 | |
EP2032661B1 (de) | Pigment und damit mattierte polymere werkstoffe | |
JP5082863B2 (ja) | 複合樹脂組成物およびそれを用いてなる成形体 | |
JP6418159B2 (ja) | 赤外線反射性黒色顔料、該赤外線反射性黒色顔料を用いた塗料及び樹脂組成物 | |
EP0870731A1 (en) | Titanium dioxide reduced in volatile water content, process for producing the same, and masterbatch containing the same | |
JP5136519B2 (ja) | 二酸化チタン粒子とその製造方法 | |
EP3356472B1 (en) | Particle surface treatment | |
WO2015194466A1 (ja) | 二酸化チタン顔料及びその製造方法並びにそれを配合した組成物 | |
US9573108B2 (en) | Treated inorganic core particles having improved dispersability | |
JP2010150354A (ja) | 赤外線反射性複合黒色系顔料、該赤外線反射性複合黒色系顔料の製造方法、該赤外線反射性複合黒色系顔料を用いた塗料及び樹脂組成物 | |
JP4705339B2 (ja) | 二酸化チタン顔料及びその製造方法並びにそれを含む樹脂組成物 | |
AU2012275786B2 (en) | Treated inorganic pigments having reduced photoactivity and improved anti-microbial properties and their use in polymer compositions | |
JP5122724B2 (ja) | 黄色酸化チタン系顔料及びその製造方法並びにそれを用いた樹脂組成物 | |
CN108291097B (zh) | 经多元醇酯表面处理的无机颜料 | |
WO2010073633A1 (ja) | 赤外線反射性黒色系顔料、該赤外線反射性黒色系顔料の製造方法、該赤外線反射性黒色系顔料を用いた塗料及び樹脂組成物 | |
JP4446133B2 (ja) | 微細な黄色複合含水酸化鉄顔料及びその製造法並びに該顔料を用いた塗料及び樹脂組成物 | |
JP4688286B2 (ja) | 二酸化チタン顔料及びその製造方法 | |
JP2005290137A (ja) | 二酸化チタン顔料及びそれを含む樹脂組成物 | |
US6537612B1 (en) | Process for treating particles, and their use in dispersions | |
JP2010150353A (ja) | 赤外線反射性黒色顔料、該赤外線反射性黒色顔料の製造方法、該赤外線反射性黒色顔料を用いた塗料及び樹脂組成物 | |
JP5304306B2 (ja) | 紫外線カットガラス用塗料及び紫外線カットガラス | |
JPWO2016140331A1 (ja) | 赤外線反射性黒色顔料、該赤外線反射性黒色顔料を用いた塗料及び樹脂組成物 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20070123 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20100430 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20100511 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20100614 |
|
A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20100907 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20101126 |
|
A911 | Transfer to examiner for re-examination before appeal (zenchi) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A911 Effective date: 20101206 |
|
A912 | Re-examination (zenchi) completed and case transferred to appeal board |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A912 Effective date: 20110114 |
|
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20121025 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20151102 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
R151 | Written notification of patent or utility model registration |
Ref document number: 5122724 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R151 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20151102 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
EXPY | Cancellation because of completion of term |