JP2005155159A - Vegetation base in reservoir slope and greening method of the reservoir slope - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To develop a vegetation base capable of early accomplishing the greening by a group of aquatic plants and a greening method of a reservoir slope using the vegetation base for improving a scene and a water environment by holding a vegetation environment in accordance to the reservoir slope such as a dam lake or the like to dissolve waves, scour and the outflow of surface soil. <P>SOLUTION: A root and stalk fixed layer consisting of cement, sand/sandy soil, a fiber-reinforced material, chemical fertilizer, etc., a vegetable net and the fiber-reinforced material, a corrosion resisting layer consisting of a thickener, corrosion inhibitor and seeds, etc. of the aquatic plants, the vegetation base formed of the corrosion resisting layer and cement, the root and stalk fixed layer consisting of the vegetation base formed of the corrosion resisting layer and cement, sand/sandy soil, the fiber-reinforced material, a pH buffer, the chemical fertilizer and the thickener is sprayed, the vegetable net is coated on it, and the corrosion resisting layer consisting of the fiber-reinforced material, the chemical fertilizer, the thickener, the corrosion inhibitor and the seeds of the aquatic plants is sprayed on the reservoir slope to form the greening method of the reservoir slope. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a vegetation base on a flood slope such as a dam lake or a pond, and a greening method for a flood slope, and particularly comprises cement, sand or sandy soil, fiber reinforcement, pH buffering agent, and the like. Rhizome fixed layer, plant net and fiber reinforcing material, thickener, erosion inhibitor, corrosion-resistant layer such as seeds of aquatic plants, etc. related to vegetation base in flooded slope, cement, sand or sandy soil, fiber Spray a rhizome fixing layer such as a reinforcing material, pH buffering agent, thickening material, etc., coat a vegetable net on it, and then apply a corrosion-resistant layer such as fiber reinforcing material, thickening material, erosion inhibitor, aquatic plant seeds, etc. It is related with the greening method of the flood slope which sprays on the slope of flood.

In lakes, ponds, and rivers represented by dam lakes, there is a flood slope with a cross section as shown in FIG. In such a flood slope, there are a land area that is located above the water surface even when it is full, and a variable water level area that is below or above the water surface depending on the top and bottom of the water surface. Both areas are targeted for greening areas. Especially in the fluctuating water level area, due to physical disturbance such as waves or scouring, the topsoil is unstable and bare, and is always exposed to the danger of collapse. Therefore, a method for greening this bare ground has been proposed. First, a method has been proposed in which the surface of an inclined ground is covered with a mat, the top is covered with a presser net, and the presser net is fixed to the slope with an anchor pin (for example, Patent Literature 1, Patent Literature 6, Patent Literature 7 and the like). reference.). However, this method only prevented the collapse of the bare surface, and there was no idea of greening the slope. For this reason, a greening base material containing palm fiber and water-retaining pulp and the remainder being bark compost has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 2). In addition, a method of placing a non-woven bag in a net cage and continuously installing a box filled with vegetation base material inside the bag on the flooded slope, with a float attached to a bag-like mat There has been proposed a method for greening a waterfront that floats on the water surface (see, for example, Patent Document 4 and Patent Document 5). In addition, after fixing a number of bamboo cylinders with holes for anchor insertion to the flood slopes at appropriate intervals, the flood slopes that cover the bamboo cylinders and on the bamboo cylinders with a spraying material such as a vegetation base material are covered. A greening method has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 8). Furthermore, a method for greening a flooded slope is proposed in which a growth base containing rock wool, peat moss, cement, zeolite, vermiculite, etc. is blown with a blower (for example, Patent Document 9, Patent Document 10 and the like). reference.). On the other hand, a tree species suitable for greening a slope that is submerged intermittently, that is, a fluctuating water level region has also been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 3). However, each of the above proposals has drawbacks, and the present situation is that no suitable foundation and method for greening the bare ground on the flooded slope have been found.
JP 60-37333 A JP-A-61-2227709 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-263407 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 6-322731 JP-A-7-268836 JP-A-8-120640 JP-A-8-333735 Japanese Patent No. 2912938 JP 11-1224836 A JP-A-11-166234

  The present invention is intended for flooded slopes such as dam lakes and ponds, maintaining the stability of the vegetation environment according to the location conditions, and eliminating physical obstacles such as waves or scouring and topsoil runoff. In order to improve the landscape and water quality environment, it is a challenge to develop a vegetation base that can be planted early with aquatic plants and a method for greening the flooded slope using the vegetation base.

  As a result of various investigations to solve these problems, the present inventors have developed a vegetation base that can achieve greening at an early stage by aquatic plants and a method for greening a flooded slope using the vegetation base. It came to offer.

That is, a vegetation base comprising cement, sand or sandy soil, fiber reinforcement, pH buffering agent, chemical fertilizer, thickener and aquatic plant seed, and 20 kg of cement in 1 m ^{3 of} vegetation base ~ 40kg, sand or sandy soil 1,500kg ~ 1,600kg, fiber reinforcement 100L ~ 500L, pH buffer 0.5kg ~ 3.0kg, chemical fertilizer 1.0kg ~ 6.0kg, thickener 25kg ~ 50kg It is preferable to contain.

The second aspect of the present invention is cement, sand or sandy soil, fiber reinforcing material, pH buffer, rhizome fixed layer comprising a chemical fertilizer and thickener, plant net and fiber reinforcing material, chemical fertilizer, thickener, A vegetation base comprising an erosion inhibitor and an anticorrosive layer composed of seeds of aquatic plants, wherein 20 kg to 40 kg of cement and 1,500 kg to 1,600 kg of sand or sandy soil are contained in 1 m ^{3 of} a rhizome fixed layer. , fiber reinforcement 100L～500L, pH buffering agents 0.5Kg～3.0Kg, chemical fertilizers 1.0Kg～6.0Kg, contain thickeners 25Kg～50kg, fiber reinforcement in the corrosion resistant layer 1m ³ 800L~ It preferably contains 1,600 L, chemical fertilizer 1.0 kg to 6.0 kg, thickener 25 kg to 50 kg, erosion inhibitor 4.0 kg to 6.0 kg.

The third aspect of the present invention is a flooding method characterized by spraying cement, sand or sandy soil, fiber reinforcing material, pH buffering agent, chemical fertilizer, thickener and aquatic plant seeds on the surface of flooded water. It is a surface greening method, and materials necessary for the construction of a vegetation base of 1 m ³ min are cement 20 kg to 40 kg, sand or sandy soil 1,500 kg to 1,600 kg, fiber reinforcements 100 L to 500 L, pH buffer 0 It is preferable to contain 0.5 kg to 3.0 kg, chemical fertilizer 1.0 kg to 6.0 kg, and thickener 25 kg to 50 kg.

The fourth aspect of the present invention is that a load-grading material is laid on the slope of flooded water, and cement, sand or sandy soil, fiber reinforcing material, pH buffering agent, chemical fertilizer, thickening material, and aquatic plant seeds from above. Is a method of planting the slope of the flooded water, which is characterized by spraying water on the slope of the flooded water, and the materials necessary for the construction of a vegetation base of 1 m ³ min are cement 20 kg to 40 kg, sand or sandy soil 1,500 kg It is preferable to contain ˜1,600 kg, fiber reinforcing material 100 L to 500 L, pH buffering agent 0.5 kg to 3.0 kg, chemical fertilizer 1.0 kg to 6.0 kg, and thickener 25 kg to 50 kg.

The fifth aspect of the present invention is to spray a rhizome fixing layer made of cement, sand or sandy soil, fiber reinforcing material, pH buffering agent, chemical fertilizer and thickener, and coat the plant net thereon, and then fiber reinforced A method of greening a flooded slope, characterized by spraying a corrosion resistant layer consisting of wood, chemical fertilizer, thickener, erosion inhibitor and aquatic plant seeds on the slope of flooded water, 1 m ^{3 of} rhizome fixed layer Cement 20kg-40kg, sand or sandy soil 1,500kg-1,600kg, fiber reinforcement 100L-500L, pH buffer 0.5kg-3.0kg, chemical fertilizer 1.0kg-6.0kg, thickening Containing 25 kg to 50 kg of material, fiber reinforcing material 800 L to 1,600 L in 1 m ^{3 of} corrosion resistant layer, chemical fertilizer 1.0 kg to 6.0 kg, thickening material 25 kg to 50 kg, erosion inhibitor 4.0 kg to 6.0 kg Contains It is preferable to do.

The sixth aspect of the present invention is a rhizome fixed layer comprising a load-grading material laid on the slope of flooded water, and comprising a cement, sand or sandy soil, a fiber reinforcing material, a pH buffering agent, a chemical fertilizer and a thickening material. , And a plant net is coated thereon, and then a corrosion-resistant layer composed of fiber reinforcement, chemical fertilizer, thickener, erosion inhibitor and aquatic plant seeds is sprayed on the slope of the flooded water. It is a greening method of a flooded slope, in which 20 to 40 kg of cement, 1,500 to 1,600 kg of sand or sandy soil, 100 L to 500 L of fiber reinforcement, 0.5 kg of pH buffering agent in 1 m ^{3 of} rhizome fixed layer 3.0 kg, compound fertilizer 1.0Kg～6.0Kg, contain thickeners 25Kg～50kg, fiber reinforcement 800L~1,600L in corrosion resistant layer 1 m ^3, compound fertilizer 1.0Kg～6.0Kg, increasing Sticky material 25kg ~ 50k g, It is preferable to contain 4.0 kg-6.0 kg of erosion inhibitors.

  Conventional vegetation base sprayers are sprayed by mixing organic materials such as bark compost and peat moss with erosion inhibitors and seeds, but using such organic materials causes problems such as eutrophication, Since it leads to water pollution, it is not a suitable method for the purpose of greening the flood slope. Therefore, in the present invention, a plant crushed material, which is slowly decomposed, and a fiber reinforcing material mainly made of coconut are added to sand or sandy soil. The fiber reinforcing material used here is classified as organic, but its degradation is slow, and the function as an improving material is maintained for about 5 years, and it can be handled almost like an inorganic material. In addition, peat moss is the earth's underground resource that has been built up for thousands of years of moss, and is mined in swamps and wetlands called peat land. Therefore, continuous mining of peat moss raises concerns about the destruction of the natural environment, especially the ecosystem. However, fiber reinforcement is a fibrous layer that forms a hard shell of coconut fruit and is the residue of fibers collected to make mats and ropes, thus protecting the environment in terms of waste issues and recycling. It is a useful material.

  As described above, most of the materials used in the present invention are sand or sandy soil, which does not cause eutrophication of water quality even when used for flooding slopes, and mixes the seeds of aquatic plants. It is a useful greening method of the water slope that can achieve greening.

  The construction method of the present invention includes cement, sand or sandy soil, fiber reinforcing material, pH buffering agent, chemical fertilizer, thickening material rhizome fixing layer, seed, fiber reinforcing material, chemical fertilizer, thickening material, erosion prevention It is based on a corrosion-resistant layer made of an agent. Construction methods are classified into spraying only the rhizome fixed layer and multiple layer spraying using both the rhizome fixed layer and the corrosion-resistant layer. In the case of spraying only the rhizome fixed layer, seeds are mixed in this layer. Whether to use only a rhizome fixed layer or a rhizome fixed layer and a corrosion-resistant layer, consider the effects of scouring caused by waves on the inundation surface and surface water from the natural ground. Determine with reference to Table 1 considering the gradient. The flow chart is as shown in FIG. 7, and it is desirable to spread a plant net on the boundary surface between the rhizome fixed layer and the corrosion-resistant layer for the multi-layer spraying. In addition, a polymer resin is used as the corrosion inhibitor added to the corrosion-resistant layer, and polyvinyl acetate can be given as an example. Although the example of sectional drawing according to spraying layer was shown in FIG.2 and FIG.3, sectional drawing of this invention is not limited to FIG.2 and FIG.3.

  The spray material in the present invention is designed to have a thickness of 5 cm to 10 cm for the rhizome fixed layer, 1 cm to 2 cm for the corrosion resistant layer, and a total thickness of 6 cm to 12 cm. The corrosion resistant layer of the present invention has four advantages. That is, firstly, by adding a fiber reinforcing material that can be collected from coconut, the water permeability and water retention, which are the properties of coconut, are good, so that a sponge effect can be expected in which moisture is appropriately absorbed and diffused. . Second, since the fiber reinforcing material is arranged in a mesh shape, the integration of the spray material and the natural ground is promoted. Third, as shown in FIG. 4, the roots of the vegetation are guided into the gaps in the fiber reinforcement, and the seed spray layer, that is, the outflow of the surface layer is suppressed. Fourth, since the corrosion-resistant layer is 1 cm to 2 cm thin, the germination rate of vegetation is ensured, and the cost is reduced by reducing the seed amount. Table 2 shows the recipe for the rhizome fixed layer, and Table 3 shows the recipe for the corrosion-resistant layer.

  In order to reliably maintain the stability of the vegetation base, a load grading material as shown in FIG. 5 can be used. The load grading material can be fixed to the slope using wood or iron to stabilize the vegetation base. Moreover, in the area where bamboo grows, a method of fixing bamboo with an anchor can be used. Bamboo has the advantage of being strong and difficult to corrode as can be seen from the fact that many crafts are made, but conversely, if left unattended, other plants are destroyed by strong roots, and diversity is increased. It can be a cause of loss. Therefore, using bamboo can contribute to environmental conservation such as recycling and biodiversity.

  In the present invention, the problem of water pollution due to eutrophication is solved by creating a vegetation base using a technique in which sand or sandy soil is used as a main material and a mixture of fiber reinforcing materials is sprayed on the vegetation base. Can do. Here, sand refers to fine sand and coarse sand, and sandy soil refers to sand containing clay and silt components in an amount of about 5 to 10%. The fiber reinforcing material can be supplied semipermanently using fibers mainly made of coconut. Further, by spraying this fiber reinforcing material, water retention and water permeability are increased, and a net effect due to fiber entanglement can be expected. Thereby, scouring of the flood slope is suppressed. Cement promotes consolidation of materials and prevents outflow.

  The pH buffer in the present invention has a function of relaxing the strong alkalinity of the cement component in the vegetation base. Examples of the pH buffer include lime superphosphate, lime heavy perphosphate, sulfur, gypsum and the like. Although it does not specifically limit as a chemical fertilizer, The coating fertilizer whose fertilization effect period is 3 to 12 months is preferable in order to implement this invention. In addition, as the thickening material, coal ash, volcanic soil, clay, etc. that can be collected locally can be used to enhance the ability to retain nutrients in potential sandy soil and prevent the outflow of nutrients.

  In the present invention, by introducing aquatic plants, nitrogen and phosphorus are absorbed and grown in large amounts as nutrients in the nutrient salts of particles whose stems and roots are precipitated or adsorbed in water. Further, when nutrient salts come into contact with leaves and stems, suspended matters that cause turbidity are precipitated, and transparency is restored. Furthermore, it can contribute to the protection of ecosystems by creating a stable environment for living organisms living in the water. Aquatic plants include seed propagation and vegetative propagation that propagates through the underground stem. Table 4 shows examples of these plants.

  In the present invention, spraying of the mixed base material of the rhizome fixed layer or the corrosion-resistant layer can be performed using a spraying device that performs a normal spraying process. For example, as shown in Fig. 6, it consists of a weighing hopper, belt conveyor, spraying machine, nozzle, etc., and measures sand, sandy soil, cement, fiber reinforcement, thickener, pH buffer, fertilizer, seeds, etc. Are supplied to the spraying machine by a belt conveyor, and can be sprayed from the spraying machine as a rhizome fixed layer or a corrosion-resistant layer via a nozzle.

  Although the construction method of the present invention is as described above, as shown in the flowchart of construction in FIG. 7, in the case of a single layer spraying structure, after the rhizome fixed layer spraying, the cleaning and cleaning are started. In the case of the spraying structure, after the rhizome fixed layer spraying work, the plant netting work (greening foundation work) and the corrosion-resistant layer spraying work are carried out, and then the cleaning and cleaning are started.

(Example 1)
Based on the blending design shown in Table 5, the planting base of the rhizome fixed layer only, cement 20kg, sand and sandy soil 1,500kg, coconut fiber 200L as fiber reinforcement, 1.5kg superphosphate lime as pH buffer , Coating fertilizer 1.5kg, coal ash 25kg as thickener, water 160kg, mizuakane seed 372g and perennial ryegrasse seed 28g, 42.6m x 20.9m at the experimental yard of Makino Green Co., Ltd. It sprayed so that the air rate might be set to 10% of A section. The vegetation results were investigated 14 months after the vegetation foundation construction. As a result, the density of young trees was as shown in Table 6 and achieved the intended purpose.

(Example 2)
Based on the formulation shown in Table 7, the rhizome fixed layer is 20kg cement, 1,500kg sand / sandy soil, 200L coconut fiber as fiber reinforcement, 1.5kg superphosphate lime as pH buffer, 1.5kg coating fertilizer Then, 25 kg of coal ash and 160 kg of water were sprayed as thickeners at an experimental yard of Makino Green Co., Ltd. (northern Yamaguchi Prefecture) so that the air rate was 10% in the B section of 62.5 m × 40.0 m. After constructing the rhizome fixing layer, the rhizome fixing layer is covered with a plant net of 25 mm × 20 mm made of coconut fiber, and the corrosion resistant layer is formed on the upper layer, based on the blending design shown in Table 7, coconut fiber as a fiber reinforcing material 830L, coated fertilizer 4kg, coal ash 25kg as thickener, polyvinyl acetate 5kg as erosion inhibitor, water 160kg and yamahagi seeds 105.8g, medhagi seeds 47.6g, perennial ryegrass seeds 13.6g and An appropriate amount of seed was sprayed. The vegetation results were investigated 14 months after the vegetation foundation construction. As a result, young trees were obtained, and the density of each tree type was as shown in Table 8, achieving the intended purpose.

  The present invention relates to a vegetation base and a greening method for greening flooded slopes such as dam lakes and ponds, and when the slope of the slope is gentle, cement, sand or sandy soil, fiber reinforcing material A mixture of pH buffer, chemical fertilizer, thickener and aquatic plant seeds can be diluted with water and sprayed to create a vegetation base on the flooded slope and green. In addition, when the slope of the slope is steep, dilute cement, sand or sandy soil, fiber reinforcement, pH buffer, chemical fertilizer, thickener with water and spray to form a rhizome fixed layer. By coating the plant net on it, and further creating a corrosion resistant layer by diluting and spraying a mixture of fiber reinforcement, chemical fertilizer, thickener, erosion inhibitor and aquatic plant seeds with water, By creating a vegetation base on the flood slope, it can be planted efficiently in a short time.

Cross section of flooded slope Example of rhizome fixed layer cross section Example of cross-sectional view of rhizome fixed layer and corrosion-resistant layer Example of cross section of rhizome fixed layer and corrosion resistant layer with vegetation Arrangement example of slow load material An example of a spraying device Flow chart of construction

Explanation of symbols

1: Inundation slope 2: One example of vegetation in the variable water level region 3: One example of vegetation in the land region 4: Rhizome fixed layer 5: Slow load material 6: Plant net 7: Corrosion resistant layer 8: One example of vegetation 11: Sand / sandy soil 12: Cement, fiber reinforcing material, thickener, pH buffer, fertilizer, seed, etc. 13: Weighing hopper 14: Belt conveyor 15: Spraying machine 16: Nozzle

Claims (10)

  A vegetation base comprising cement, sand or sandy soil, fiber reinforcement, pH buffering agent, chemical fertilizer, thickener and aquatic seeds. Vegetation foundation 1 m ³ cement 20kg~40kg in sand or sandy soil 1,500Kg～1,600kg, fiber reinforcement 100L～500L, pH buffering agents 0.5Kg～3.0Kg, fertilizer 1.0Kg～6. The vegetation base according to claim 1, comprising 0 kg and a thickener 25 kg to 50 kg.   Cement, sand or sandy soil, fiber reinforcement, pH buffering agent, rhizome fixing layer consisting of chemical fertilizer and thickener, plant net and fiber reinforcement, chemical fertilizer, thickener, erosion inhibitor and aquatic plant A vegetation base characterized by consisting of a corrosion-resistant layer made of seeds. Cement 20kg~40kg rhizomes in the fixed layer 1 m ^3, sand or sandy soil 1,500Kg～1,600kg, fiber reinforcement 100L~500L, pH buffering agents 0.5Kg～3.0Kg, chemical fertilizer 1.0kg~6 .0Kg, containing thickeners 25Kg～50kg, corrosion resistant layer 1 m ³ fiber reinforcement in 800L～1600L, fertilizer 1.0Kg～6.0Kg, thickeners 25Kg～50kg, erosion inhibitor 4.0kg~ The vegetation base according to claim 3, comprising 6.0 kg.   A method for greening a flooded slope, characterized by spraying cement, sand or sandy soil, fiber reinforcing material, pH buffer, chemical fertilizer, thickener and aquatic plant seeds on the slope.   Lay the load-grading material on the slope of the flooded water, and cement, sand or sandy soil, fiber reinforcement, pH buffer, chemical fertilizer, thickener and aquatic plant seeds on the slope of the flooded water. A greening method for flooded slopes characterized by spraying. Materials required for reclamation of the vegetation base 1 m ³ minutes, cement 20Kg～40kg, sand or sandy soil 1,500Kg～1,600kg, fiber reinforcement 100L～500L, pH buffering agents 0.5Kg～3.0Kg, Chemical The method for greening a flooded slope according to claim 5 or 6, comprising 1.0 kg to 6.0 kg of fertilizer and 25 kg to 50 kg of thickener.   Spray a rhizome fixing layer consisting of cement, sand or sandy soil, fiber reinforcement, pH buffer, chemical fertilizer and thickener, cover the plant net on it, then fiber reinforcement, chemical fertilizer, thickener A method for greening a flooded slope, characterized by spraying a corrosion resistant layer made of wood, an erosion inhibitor and an aquatic plant seed on the slope.   A gradual load grading material is laid on the slope of the flooded water, and a rhizome fixed layer consisting of cement, sand or sandy soil, fiber reinforcement, pH buffer, chemical fertilizer and thickener is sprayed on top of it, and plants are planted on it. A method for greening a flooded slope, characterized by covering the nature net and then spraying a corrosion resistant layer comprising fiber reinforcement, chemical fertilizer, thickener, erosion inhibitor and aquatic plant seeds on the slope . Cement 20kg~40kg rhizomes in the fixed layer 1 m ^3, sand or sandy soil 1,500Kg～1,600kg, fiber reinforcement 100L~500L, pH buffering agents 0.5Kg～3.0Kg, chemical fertilizer 1.0kg~6 .0Kg, containing thickeners 25Kg～50kg, corrosion resistant layer 1 m ³ fiber reinforcement in 800L～1600L, fertilizer 1.0Kg～6.0Kg, thickeners 25Kg～50kg, erosion inhibitor 4.0kg~ The method for greening a flood slope according to claim 8 or 9, comprising 6.0 kg.

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