CN113944174B - Construction method for vegetation concrete ecological slope protection - Google Patents
Construction method for vegetation concrete ecological slope protection Download PDFInfo
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- CN113944174B CN113944174B CN202111127969.1A CN202111127969A CN113944174B CN 113944174 B CN113944174 B CN 113944174B CN 202111127969 A CN202111127969 A CN 202111127969A CN 113944174 B CN113944174 B CN 113944174B
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- slope protection
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- YDEXUEFDPVHGHE-GGMCWBHBSA-L disodium;(2r)-3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-(3-sulfonatopropyl)phenoxy]propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].COC1=CC=CC(C[C@H](CS([O-])(=O)=O)OC=2C(=CC(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=2)OC)=C1O YDEXUEFDPVHGHE-GGMCWBHBSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
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- SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCN SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/12—Supports for plants; Trellis for strawberries or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0026—Metals
- E02D2300/0029—Steel; Iron
- E02D2300/0034—Steel; Iron in wire form
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0037—Clays
- E02D2300/0039—Clays mixed with additives
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0045—Composites
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0075—Textiles
- E02D2300/0076—Textiles non-woven
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of ecological restoration of side slopes, and particularly discloses a vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method. The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method provided by the application comprises the following steps: (1) covering the surface of the slope body with an iron wire net; (2) Spraying a vegetation concrete substrate spray layer on an iron wire net, wherein the substrate spray layer comprises a substrate layer and a surface layer, the substrate layer is mainly prepared from planting soil, cement, plant residues, fibers, organic fertilizers and compound fertilizers, and the surface layer is mainly prepared from planting soil, cement, plant residues, fibers, organic fertilizers, compound fertilizers and plant seeds; (3) transplanting shrubs and rattans on the surface layer; (4) covering a nonwoven fabric; (5) slope maintenance. The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method can enhance the anti-scouring capability of the slope protection and reduce water and soil loss.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of ecological restoration of side slopes, in particular to a construction method of ecological slope protection of vegetation concrete.
Background
In engineering construction of highways, railways, water conservancy and the like, a large number of side slopes are frequently required to be excavated, and the development of the side slopes causes serious damage to original vegetation cover layers, so that ecological environment problems such as desertification, water and soil loss, landslide and debris flow and the like are caused. The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection technology is a novel technology aiming at slope ecological protection, and can effectively solve the problems of slope vegetation recovery and water and soil loss.
The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection technology is a technology which is to mix cement, loam, organic matters, plant seeds, fertilizer and vegetation concrete additives according to a proper proportion to obtain a vegetation concrete slope protection greening base material, then spray the vegetation concrete slope protection greening base material onto a slope needing ecological restoration or ecological protection by using a sprayer, and then spray water for maintenance. The anchor rods and the hanging nets are often firstly hung on the slope surface before spraying so as to enhance the integrity and stability of the sprayed layer of the base material.
The vegetation concrete ecological restoration application is implemented on the premise of the overall stability of the slope. For greening treatment of side slopes, the overall treatment effect of the traditional technical measures is not ideal, so that the anti-scouring strength of the vegetation concrete ecological slope protection structure is insufficient.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method for improving the anti-scouring strength of a vegetation concrete ecological slope protection structure.
In a first aspect, the application provides a vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method, which adopts the following technical scheme: the vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method comprises the following steps:
(1) Covering the surface of the slope body with a wire netting;
(2) Spraying vegetation concrete base material spray layer on the wire netting, wherein the base material spray layer comprises a base material layer and a surface layer, and each cubic base material layer is mainly prepared from 10-15m of planting soil 3 500-700kg of cement and 2.0-2.5m of plant residue 3 1.5-2.0m of fiber 3 180-200kg of organic fertilizer and 5-8kg of compound fertilizer, wherein each cubic surface layer of raw material mainly comprises 1 of planting soil0-15m 3 400-500kg of cement and 2.0-2.5m of plant residues 3 1.0-2.0m of fiber 3 150-180kg of organic fertilizer, 5-8kg of compound fertilizer and 30-35g of plant seeds;
(3) Transplanting shrubs and climbing rattans on the surface layer;
(4) Covering non-woven fabrics;
(5) And (5) slope maintenance.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the substrate spouts the layer and includes substrate layer and surface course, contains plant seeds on the surface course, including substances such as plant residue, fibre and fertilizer in the surface course, thereby provide nutrition for plant seeds, thereby it is better to make plant growth, plant's root system thrives, plant's root system is crisscross entangled in the substrate spouts the layer, thereby the erosion resistance of the ecological bank protection of reinforcing vegetation concrete reduces the loss of soil, the bush and the climbing vine of transplanting on the surface course are easy to survive, the cost is lower, can absorb water, thereby consolidate the intensity that the substrate spouted the layer in advance when plant seeds do not grow, and then reduce the soil loss of the ecological bank protection of vegetation concrete.
Preferably, the thickness ratio of the substrate layer to the surface layer in the step (2) is (7-10): 1-3.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the thickness of substrate layer is greater than the thickness of surface course to make the intensity of substrate layer bigger, the plant in the surface course takes root, and when the root system was longer, the entering substrate layer of being convenient for, the thickness of surface course was suitable for plant seed to grow out.
Preferably, 400-600kg of ecological modifier is also added into each cubic substrate layer and each cubic surface layer.
By adopting the technical scheme, the ecological modifier is added, so that the acid-base property of soil is improved, the germination and root growth of plants are promoted, and the ecological modifier can be used as a fertilizer to provide nutrition for plant seeds.
Preferably, the planting soil is sandy loam within 1m below the ground surface around the engineering site.
By adopting the technical scheme, the sandy loam is soft and breathable, is beneficial to plant growth, and is beneficial to root system absorption of water and nutrients of soil.
Preferably, the grain diameter of the planting soil is less than or equal to 0.8cm, and the sand grain content of the planting soil is less than or equal to 15%.
By adopting the technical scheme, the planting soil has smaller particle size, can reduce the gap of the base material mixture of the injection slope, and promotes the formation of the aggregate structure of the injection mixture together with other base material spray layer raw materials.
Preferably, the plant residue is any one of coconut husk, rice husk and sawdust.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the difficult microorganism that breeds of coconut husk, water retention and gas permeability are preferred, and natural decomposition rate is slow, and the plant growth of being convenient for contains a large amount of carbon element and multiple microelement in the rice husk, can promote the growth of crop as fertilizer, and the condition of rotten root appears in the plant can be reduced to the sawdust, has ventilative, moisturizing effect, improves the survival rate of plant.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer in the step (2) is a powdery organic fertilizer.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the organic fertilizer source of powder is extensive, and is with low costs, can evenly distributed in the substrate spouts the layer, simultaneously, with the substrate spout other ingredient compatibility preferred in the layer, can fully mix with other raw materials, can be absorbed by the plant more easily, improves the growth state of plant.
Preferably, the plant seeds are mixed plant seeds, and the mixed plant seeds comprise herbaceous plants, leguminous plants, shrubs, wild flower combinations and climbing plants.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, mixed plant seed contains plant species more, can increase the variety of species, simultaneously, can compensate the not enough of single grass seed, can keep vegetation community's stability for a long time, the herbaceous plant growth is faster, can restrain weed growth, other kinds of plants of protection simultaneously, other plant plants are higher, do not receive herbaceous plant's influence, can coexist, shrub plant vigor is stubborn, when being located subaerial part dead, the root still is in the survival state, can continue to germinate new branch, the wild flower combination, the climbing plant ornamental performance is stronger.
Preferably, in each cubic mixed plant seed: the weight ratio of the herbs, leguminous plants, shrubs, wild flower combinations and climbing plants is (9-16): (6-9): (9-11): (4-7): (6-9).
By adopting the technical scheme, the proportion of the raw materials of each component of the mixed plant seeds is optimized, so that the proportion of the mixed plant seeds reaches an optimal proportion, the germination condition and the survival condition of the mixed plant seeds on the slope protection are improved, and the anti-scouring capability of the slope protection is improved.
Preferably, the preparation method of the substrate layer comprises the following steps: feeding according to the sequence of plant residues, planting soil, organic fertilizer, fiber, cement and compound fertilizer, and uniformly mixing and stirring.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, adding cement in the substrate makes the intensity of bank protection higher, and scour resistance and adhesive force are stronger, and the chemical property and the biological characteristic of vegetation concrete are convenient for strengthen in the addition of planting soil, fertilizer, fibre, compound fertilizer, build better vegetation environment to make the root system of mixed plant seed staggered growth in the substrate layer, and then improve the scour resistance of substrate layer.
Preferably, two adjacent wire netting overlap joint, overlap joint department interlude is fixed with reinforcing bar or stick, overlap joint length is 10-15cm.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, tie bar or stick in the middle of the overlap joint part of crochet wire netting can strengthen the intensity of wire netting junction, and then strengthen the joint strength on wire netting and slope body surface, improve the scour protection intensity of bank protection, reduce the soil loss condition.
Preferably, the shrub is amorpha fruticosa, the climbing vine is climbing tiger, the climbing tiger and the amorpha fruticosa are transplanted on the slope surface, and the climbing tiger is transplanted on the slope foot and the slope top.
By adopting the technical scheme, the climbing tiger and the amorpha fruticosa are transplanted on the slope, the climbing tiger is transplanted on the top of the slope and the bottom of the slope, the climbing tiger has strong adsorption force and can be adsorbed on the rock, so that the stability of the slope is enhanced, the soil loss is reduced, the vitality of the amorpha fruticosa is stubborn, the growth speed of the amorpha fruticosa is higher, and the soil and water conditions can be kept and the soil conditions can be improved.
In a second aspect, the application provides a substrate layer raw material for vegetation concrete ecological slope protection, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the substrate layer raw material for vegetation concrete ecological slope protection is characterized in that: the preparation method is mainly prepared from the following raw materials: planting soil, cement, plant residues, fibers, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, wherein each cubic substrate layer mainly comprises 10-15m of planting soil 3 500-700kg of cement and 2.0-2.5m of plant residue 3 1.5-2.0m of fiber 3 180-200kg of organic fertilizer and 5-8kg of compound fertilizer.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the cement addition in the substrate layer is more with the addition of planting soil to can strengthen the intensity of substrate layer, strengthen the compactness on substrate layer simultaneously, and then make substrate layer intensity higher, and then strengthen the anti-brush ability of bank protection, plant residue in the substrate layer, fibre, fertilizer, compound fertilizer can strengthen the fertility on substrate layer, thereby improve plant root system growth's speed, and then improve the anti-brush ability of bank protection.
In a third aspect, the application provides a surface layer raw material for vegetation concrete ecological slope protection, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the surface layer raw material for vegetation concrete ecological slope protection is mainly prepared from the following raw materials: planting soil, cement, plant residues, fibers, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and plant seeds, wherein each cubic surface layer of raw material mainly comprises 10-15m of planting soil 3 400-500kg of cement and 2.0-2.5m of plant residues 3 1.0-2.0m of fiber 3 150-180kg of organic fertilizer, 5-8kg of compound fertilizer and 30-35g of plant seeds.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the addition of cement in the surface course is less than the addition of cement in the substrate layer to make other raw materials that promote vegetation increase in the surface course, thereby can promote vegetation, add the plant seed in the surface course, after the plant seed growth, can strengthen the joint strength between surface course and the substrate layer, strengthen the anti-scour intensity of surface course simultaneously, and then reduce the ability of the soil erosion and water loss of bank protection.
In summary, the application has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method, the addition amount of each component in the substrate layer and the addition amount of each component in the surface layer are adjusted, so that the strength of the substrate layer and the surface layer is enhanced, the germination rate and the survival rate of plant seeds on the surface layer are enhanced, the anti-scouring capability of the substrate layer and the surface layer is further improved, and the anti-scouring capability of the vegetation concrete ecological slope protection is further enhanced.
2. According to the vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method, the ecological modifier is added into the substrate layer and the surface layer, so that the soil condition of the substrate layer and the surface layer is improved, the environment of the substrate layer and the surface layer is more suitable for plant growth, the plant growth survival rate is further improved, and the anti-scouring strength of the substrate layer and the surface layer is enhanced.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
The raw materials of each substrate layer further comprise 20-30kg of soil binder, and further preferably, the soil binder is composed of phenolated lignin, a silane coupling agent and a silicate type inorganic adhesive according to the mass ratio of (3-5): (4-7): (2-4), and the silicate type inorganic adhesive is prepared from sodium silicate and sodium fluosilicate.
The preparation method of the phenolized lignin comprises the following steps: sequentially adding sodium lignin sulfonate, phenol solution and sodium hydroxide solution into a container, uniformly mixing, heating to 110 ℃, stirring at constant temperature for 2 hours for reaction, adjusting pH=2-3, carrying out suction filtration, and washing a filter cake with boiling water until free phenol is not present to obtain phenolized lignin; the phenolated lignin is ground to a particle size of less than 1cm, wherein the mass ratio of sodium lignin sulfonate, phenol and sodium hydroxide is 100:60:3.
The preparation method of the silicate type inorganic adhesive comprises the following steps: mixing and stirring liquid-phase sodium silicate and sodium fluosilicate uniformly, wherein the mass ratio of the sodium silicate to the fluosilicic acid is 1:5.
The ecological rod is arranged between the slope and the substrate layer, horizontally arranged along the slope anchor, fixed on the slope through the slope anchor, and fixed by adopting an HRB 4008U-shaped needle if an end joint of the ecological rod is in a suspended state. The ingredients of the ecological bars are shown in table 1.
Table 1 ecological bar nutrient soil formulation
| Planting soil (m) 3 ) | Rice hull (m) 3 ) | Sawdust (m) 3 ) | Organic fertilizer (kg) | Compound fertilizer (kg) |
| 10 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 200 | 10 |
The plant spacing of the climbing tiger and the amorpha fruticosa on the slope surface of the application is 1m, and the plant spacing of the climbing tiger on the slope top and the climbing tiger on the slope foot is 0.5m.
The vegetation concrete base material spraying layer is perpendicular to the slope surface spraying, and the distance between the spraying opening and the rock wall is less than or equal to 2m.
The application relates to a slope maintenance and application of a sprinkling irrigation system capable of irrigating plants, which comprises a tap water nozzle, a tap, a sprinkling irrigation control valve, a tap water supply pipeline, a main water supply pipeline and a branch water supply pipeline, wherein in the slope maintenance process, the sprinkling irrigation system is required to always keep the sprinkling area not lower than 95% of the slope, and the moderate atomization degree is always kept in the sprinkling process.
The anchor length, the crochet wire mesh type and the ecological bar size of the application are adjusted according to the slope class and the actual condition of the slope, the slope class comprises a rock steep slope, a rock gentle slope and a backfill slope, and the slope anchors and ribs in the three types of areas are shown in the table 2.
Table 2 three types of regional side slope anchor, tendon parameter tables
The mixed plant seeds of the application are selected according to the slope class, and the proportion of the mixed plant seeds in the three types of areas is shown in the table 3 with the unit of g/m 2 。
Table 3 three types of regional blend plant seed ratios table
The preparation of the substrate layer and the surface layer is selected according to the slope surface type, and each part of the substrate raw material and the surface layer raw material are shown in table 4.
Table 4 three types of regional side slope substrate formulation table
The silane coupling agent of the present application is any one of 3- [2- (2-aminoethylamino) ethylamino ] propyl-trimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane and 3- (2-aminoethylamino) propyl trimethoxysilane, and more preferably, the silane coupling agent is 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane.
The planting soil is sandy loam within 1m below the ground surface around the engineering site, and further preferably, the grain size of the planting soil is less than or equal to 0.8cm, and the sand grain content of the planting soil is less than or equal to 15%.
The organic fertilizer is a powdery organic fertilizer, and further preferably, the organic fertilizer is a powdery biological organic fertilizer, and the manufacturer is ancient cooking vessel source fertilizer company Limited in Zhaoqing, and the product number is dy002.
The compound fertilizer of the application is commercially available.
The cement of the application is common P42.5 cement.
The fiber of the application is straw fiber, the manufacturer is Jining city Fuxun agricultural products limited company, and the product number is 009.
The plant residue is any one of coconut chaff, rice husk and sawdust, and preferably the plant residue is rice husk.
When the side slope type of the application is a rock steep slope, the herbaceous plants comprise perennial ryegrass, fescue, bermuda grass, golden silk grass, small crown flowers and chrysanthemum indicum according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:2:1:3, the leguminous plants comprise white clover and alfalfa according to the mass ratio of 2:4, the shrub plants comprise lespedeza and multiflower magnolia according to the mass ratio of 5:4, and the climbing plants comprise lotus iron and morning glory according to the mass ratio of 2:4.
When the slope type of the application is a rock gentle slope, the herbal plants are composed of perennial ryegrass, fescue, bermuda grass, golden silk grass and small crown flowers according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:3:1, the leguminous plants are composed of white clover and alfalfa according to the mass ratio of 2:4, the shrub plants are composed of lespedeza, amorpha fruticosa, gleditsia sinensis and arborvitae according to the mass ratio of 5:5:3:3, and the climbing plants are 2g/m of clematis 2 。
When the type of the side slope is backfilled side slope, the herbal plants comprise perennial ryegrass, fescue, bermuda grass, golden silk grass, elm, small crown flower and sallowness according to the mass ratio of 1:1:2:3:2:1:2, and the leguminous plants comprise white clover and alfalfa according to the mass ratio of 2:4The shrub plant consists of lespedeza and amorpha fruticosa according to the mass ratio of 4:4, and the climbing plant is clematis with the mass of 4g/m 2 。
The wild flower combination has a wild shape, and has strong ecological adaptability and stress resistance of wild flowers. The manufacturer of the wild flower combination is a flower garden field of Zhiyang county, beauty and collection, and the number of the flower garden field is 45.
The material weighing method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of accurately weighing required material quantity by a weighing scale, pouring the material into a weighing hopper, recording mark lines on the hopper and the numerical value of the poured material, recording the name of the material outside the weighing hopper, selecting the material according to a material formula which is recorded in advance, and controlling the quantity of the material.
When the mixed plant seeds are assembled and configured, according to the result calculated by multiplying the consumption per square of each plant seed in the proportioning table by the same multiple, the mixed plant seeds are sequentially weighed according to the sequence in the proportioning table and then uniformly mixed and stirred in a container, the ground is required to be flat and not moist, and the size and the material of the container are required to be proper.
The ecological modifier is prepared from Hubei Shangzhi ecological science and technology Co.
Preferably, the sodium silicate is liquid sodium silicate, and the manufacturer is Ji's Xin Sen Yuan chemical Co., ltd., product number 007.
Preferably, the CAS number for sodium fluorosilicate is 16893-85-9.
Preferably, 3- [2- (2-aminoethylamino) ethylamino ] propyl-trimethoxysilane has a CAS number of 35141-30-1.
Preferably, 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane has a CAS number of 13822-56-5.
Preferably, 3- (2-aminoethylamino) propyltrimethoxysilane has a CAS number of 1760-24-3.
Examples
Example 1
The slope protection type of this embodiment is a rock steep slope.
The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) Laying a crochet iron wire net on a slope surface, wherein the type of the iron wire net is 14#, the aperture of the net is 5cm multiplied by 5cm, the lap joint length is 10cm, simultaneously, the crochet iron wire net is fixed by using anchors with the model of 14, the length of 50-80cm and the spacing of 100cm, the iron wire net is separated from the slope surface by 7cm, the diameter of an ecological rod is 0.08m, the length of the ecological rod is 1m, the vertical spacing of the ecological rod is 1m, the iron wire net is horizontally arranged along the slope surface anchors, when the ecological rod is fixed by using the anchors, the contact position between the anchors and the ecological rod is fixed by using 14# soft iron wires, the binding is firm, and if the end joint of the ecological rod is in a suspended state, the ecological rod is fixed by using an HRB 4008U-shaped needle;
(2) Spraying a vegetation concrete substrate spraying layer on the wire netting, wherein a spray gun opening is perpendicular to the slope surface for spraying, the distance between the spray opening and the rock wall is 2m, the substrate spraying layer comprises a substrate layer and a surface layer, the thickness of the substrate layer is 7cm, and the thickness of the surface layer is 1cm;
(3) Transplanting shrubs and climbing vines on the surface layer, wherein the shrubs are amorpha fruticosa, the climbing vines are climbing tigers, the climbing tigers and the amorpha fruticosa are transplanted on the slope surface of the side slope, the plant spacing is 1m, and the climbing tigers are transplanted on the slope foot and the slope top of the side slope, and the plant spacing is 0.5m;
(4) Covering non-woven fabrics, wherein the non-woven fabrics are matched with the slope in size, the non-woven fabrics are closely attached to the slope and laid from top to bottom, the bottom ends of the non-woven fabrics are closely attached to the top ends of the non-woven fabrics and are firmly arranged on the slope, the joint of the two non-woven fabrics is vertically overlapped and fixed, and the fixed length is more than or equal to 0.1m; fixing the non-woven fabrics by using U-shaped anchor rods, wherein the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction of each non-woven fabric are fixed, and the installation number of the U-shaped anchor rods is 2 per square meter;
(5) The slope maintenance, the slope maintenance uses the sprinkling irrigation system, the sprinkling irrigation system includes running water shower nozzle, tap, sprinkling irrigation control valve, running water supply pipe, main part water supply pipe and branch water supply pipe, in the slope maintenance process, need make the sprinkling irrigation system accomplish its spraying area all the time and be not less than 95% of the slope to keep moderate atomization degree all the time in its spraying process.
The substrate layer of this example was made from the following raw materials: planting soil, cement, plant residues, fibers, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, wherein each substrate layer is formed by 10m of planting soil 3 500kg of cement and 2.0m of plant residue 3 1.5m of fiber 3 180kg of organic fertilizer,5kg of compound fertilizer; wherein the planting soil is sandy loam which is crushed and sieved within 1m below the ground surface around the engineering site, the sand grain content of the sandy loam is less than or equal to 15 percent, and the sand grains with the grain diameter of more than 0.8cm are sieved; the cement is P42.5 ordinary Portland cement; the plant residue is coconut husk; the fiber is straw fiber; the organic fertilizer is a powdery biological organic fertilizer; the compound fertilizer is a commercially available compound fertilizer.
The preparation method of the substrate layer in the embodiment comprises the following steps: according to the formula, plant residues, planting soil, organic fertilizer, fiber, cement and compound fertilizer are sequentially fed, and are uniformly mixed and stirred to obtain the fertilizer.
The surface layer of the embodiment is made of the following raw materials: planting soil, cement, plant residues, fibers, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and plant seeds, wherein each surface layer is formed by 10m of planting soil 3 400kg of cement and 2.0m of plant residue 3 1.0m of fiber 3 150kg of organic fertilizer, 5kg of compound fertilizer and 30g of plant seeds; wherein the planting soil is commercially available; the cement is P42.5 ordinary Portland cement; the plant residue is coconut husk; the fiber is straw fiber; the organic fertilizer is a powdery biological organic fertilizer; the compound fertilizer is a commercially available compound fertilizer; the plant seed is green bristlegrass.
The preparation method of the surface layer of the embodiment comprises the following steps: and feeding according to the sequence of plant residues, planting soil, organic fertilizer, fiber, cement, compound fertilizer and plant seeds, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain the plant fertilizer.
Example 2
The slope protection type of this embodiment is a rock steep slope.
The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method of this embodiment is exactly the same as that of embodiment 1.
Each substrate layer of the embodiment is formed by planting soil 10m 3 700kg of cement and 2.5m of plant residue 3 1.5m of fiber 3 200kg of organic fertilizer and 8kg of compound fertilizer, and the other materials are exactly the same as in the example 1.
The preparation method of the substrate layer of this example is exactly the same as that of example 1.
Each surface layer of the embodiment is formed by planting soil 10m 3 Cement and cement500kg, plant residue 2.0m 3 Fiber 2.0m 3 180kg of organic fertilizer, 7kg of compound fertilizer and 30g of plant seeds, and the other steps are exactly the same as those of the example 1.
The preparation method of the surface layer of this example is exactly the same as that of example 1.
Example 3
The slope protection type of this embodiment is a rock steep slope.
The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method of this embodiment is exactly the same as that of embodiment 1.
Each substrate layer of the embodiment is formed by planting soil 15m 3 600kg of cement and 2.0m of plant residue 3 Fiber 2.0m 3 200kg of organic fertilizer and 8kg of compound fertilizer, and the other materials are exactly the same as in the example 1.
The preparation method of the substrate layer of this example is exactly the same as that of example 1.
Each surface layer of the embodiment is formed by 15m of planting soil 3 450kg of cement and 2.5m of plant residue 3 1.0m of fiber 3 165kg of organic fertilizer, 8kg of compound fertilizer and 35g of plant seeds, and the other steps are exactly the same as in example 1.
The preparation method of the surface layer of this example is exactly the same as that of example 1.
Example 4
The slope protection type of this embodiment is a rock steep slope.
The thickness of the base material layer in the step (2) of the vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method of this embodiment is 8cm, the thickness of the surface layer is 2cm, and the other steps are exactly the same as those of embodiment 2.
The material of the base material layer in this example was exactly the same as in example 2.
The preparation method of the substrate layer of this example is exactly the same as that of example 2.
The raw material of the top layer of this example was exactly the same as that of example 2.
The preparation method of the surface layer of this example is exactly the same as that of example 2.
Example 5
The slope protection type of this embodiment is a rock steep slope.
The thickness of the base material layer in the step (2) of the vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method of this embodiment is 10cm, the thickness of the surface layer is 3cm, and the other steps are exactly the same as those of embodiment 2.
The material of the base material layer in this example was exactly the same as in example 2.
The preparation method of the substrate layer of this example is exactly the same as that of example 2.
The raw material of the top layer of this example was exactly the same as that of example 2.
The preparation method of the surface layer of this example is exactly the same as that of example 2.
Example 6
The slope protection type of this embodiment is a rock steep slope.
The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method of this embodiment is exactly the same as that of embodiment 4.
Each substrate layer of the embodiment is formed by planting soil 10m 3 700kg of cement and 2.5m of plant residue 3 1.5m of fiber 3 200kg of organic fertilizer, 8kg of compound fertilizer and 400kg of ecological modifier, wherein the ecological modifier is commercially available, and the other parts are exactly the same as in example 4.
The preparation method of the substrate layer of this example is exactly the same as that of example 4.
Each surface layer of the embodiment is formed by planting soil 10m 3 500kg of cement and 2.0m of plant residue 3 Fiber 2.0m 3 180kg of organic fertilizer, 7kg of compound fertilizer, 30g of plant seeds and 400kg of ecological modifier, wherein the ecological modifier is commercially available and the other parts are exactly the same as in the example 4.
The preparation method of the surface layer of this example is exactly the same as that of example 4.
Example 7
The slope protection type of this embodiment is a rock steep slope.
The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method of this embodiment is exactly the same as that of embodiment 6.
The ecological modifier in each substrate layer of this example was 600kg, and the other was exactly the same as in example 6.
The preparation method of the substrate layer of this example is exactly the same as that of example 6.
The ecological modifier in each surface layer of this example was 600kg, and the other steps were exactly the same as in example 6.
The preparation method of the surface layer of this example is exactly the same as that of example 6.
Example 8
The slope protection type of this embodiment is a rock steep slope.
The substrate layer and the surface layer planting soil in the step (2) of the vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method in the embodiment are all sandy loam within 1m below the ground surface around the engineering place, the grain size of the planting soil is less than or equal to 0.8cm, the sand grain content is less than or equal to 15%, and the other is completely the same as the embodiment 7.
The material of the base material layer in this example was exactly the same as that in example 7.
The preparation method of the substrate layer of this example was exactly the same as that of example 7.
The raw material of the top layer of this example was exactly the same as that of example 7.
The preparation method of the surface layer of this example was exactly the same as that of example 7.
Example 9
The slope protection type of this embodiment is a rock steep slope.
The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method of this embodiment is exactly the same as that of embodiment 8.
The plant residues in the substrate layer and the surface layer of this example are rice hulls, and the other is exactly the same as in example 8.
The preparation method of the substrate layer of this example was exactly the same as that of example 8.
The preparation method of the surface layer of this example is exactly the same as that of example 8.
Example 10
The slope protection type of this embodiment is a rock steep slope.
The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method of this embodiment is exactly the same as that of embodiment 9.
The material of the base material layer in this example was exactly the same as in example 9.
The preparation method of the substrate layer of this example was exactly the same as that of example 9.
The plant seeds in the raw materials of the surface layer of the embodiment are mixed plant seeds, the mixed plant seeds are composed of herbaceous plants, leguminous plants, shrub plants, wild flower combinations and climbing plants according to the weight ratio of 1:1:1:1, the herbaceous plants are composed of perennial ryegrass, fescue, bermudagrass, golden silk grass, small crown flowers and chrysanthemum indicum according to the mass ratio of 1:1:2:1:3, the leguminous plants are composed of white clover and alfalfa according to the mass ratio of 2:4, the shrub plants are composed of lespedeza and multiflower magnolia according to the mass ratio of 5:4, and the climbing plants are composed of iron-wire lotus and morning glory according to the mass ratio of 2:4, and the other parts are completely the same as in the embodiment 9.
The preparation method of the surface layer of this example is exactly the same as that of example 9.
Example 11
The slope protection type of this embodiment is a rock steep slope.
The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method of this embodiment is exactly the same as that of embodiment 10.
The material of the base material layer in this example was exactly the same as in example 10.
The preparation method of the substrate layer of this example was exactly the same as that of example 10.
The plant seeds in the raw materials of the surface layer of the embodiment are mixed plant seeds, the mixed plant seeds consist of herbaceous plants, leguminous plants, shrubs, wild flower combinations and climbing plants according to the weight ratio of 9:6:9:4:6, and the other parts are completely the same as those of the embodiment 10.
The preparation method of the surface layer of this example was exactly the same as that of example 10.
Example 12
The slope protection type of this embodiment is a rock steep slope.
The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method of this embodiment is exactly the same as that of embodiment 10.
The material of the base material layer in this example was exactly the same as in example 10.
The preparation method of the substrate layer of this example was exactly the same as that of example 10.
The plant seeds in the raw materials of the surface layer of the embodiment are mixed plant seeds, the mixed plant seeds consist of herbaceous plants, leguminous plants, shrubs, wild flower combinations and climbing plants according to the weight ratio of 10:8:10:5:7, and the other parts are completely the same as the embodiment 10.
The preparation method of the surface layer of this example was exactly the same as that of example 10.
Example 13
The slope protection type of this embodiment is a rock steep slope.
The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method of this embodiment is exactly the same as that of embodiment 10.
The material of the base material layer in this example was exactly the same as in example 10.
The preparation method of the substrate layer of this example was exactly the same as that of example 10.
The plant seeds in the raw materials of the surface layer of the embodiment are mixed plant seeds, the mixed plant seeds consist of herbaceous plants, leguminous plants, shrubs, wild flower combinations and climbing plants according to the weight ratio of 16:9:11:7:9, and the other parts are completely the same as those of the embodiment 10.
The preparation method of the surface layer of this example was exactly the same as that of example 10.
Example 14
The slope protection type of this embodiment is a rock steep slope.
The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method of this embodiment is exactly the same as that of embodiment 1.
The material of the base material layer in this example was exactly the same as in example 1.
The preparation method of the substrate layer of this example is exactly the same as that of example 1.
The plant seeds in the raw materials of the surface layer of the embodiment are mixed plant seeds, the mixed plant seeds consist of herbaceous plants, leguminous plants, shrubs, wild flower combinations and climbing plants according to the weight ratio of 16:9:11:7:9, and the other parts are completely the same as those of the embodiment 1.
The preparation method of the surface layer of this example is exactly the same as that of example 1.
Example 15
The slope protection type of this embodiment is a rock steep slope.
The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method of this embodiment is exactly the same as that of embodiment 13.
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 13 is that 25kg of soil binder is also added into each substrate layer, the soil binder is composed of phenolized lignin, a silane coupling agent and a silicate type inorganic adhesive according to the mass ratio of 3:4:2, the silane coupling agent is 3-aminopropyl trimethoxy silane, and the preparation method of the phenolized lignin comprises the following steps: adding sodium lignin sulfonate, phenol solution and sodium hydroxide solution into a container in sequence, uniformly mixing, heating to 110 ℃, stirring at constant temperature for reacting for 2 hours, adjusting PH=2, carrying out suction filtration, and washing a filter cake with boiling water until free phenol is not present to obtain phenolized lignin; grinding the phenolated lignin to a particle size of less than 1cm, wherein the weight ratio of sodium lignin sulfonate, phenol and sodium hydroxide is 100:60:3; the preparation method of the silicate type inorganic adhesive comprises the following steps: mixing and uniformly stirring liquid-phase sodium silicate and sodium fluosilicate, wherein the mass ratio of the sodium silicate to the fluosilicic acid is 1:5; the other is exactly the same as in example 13.
The raw materials and the preparation method of the surface layer in this example are exactly the same as in example 13.
Example 16
The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method of this embodiment is exactly the same as that of embodiment 15.
The difference between this example and example 15 is that the soil binder consists of phenolated lignin, silane coupling agent and silicate type inorganic adhesive in the mass ratio of 5:7:4, and the other is exactly the same as example 15.
The raw materials and the preparation method of the surface layer in this example are exactly the same as in example 15.
Example 17
The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method of this embodiment is exactly the same as that of embodiment 15.
The difference between this example and example 15 is that 25kg of soil binder consisting of phenolated lignin, silane coupling agent and silicate type inorganic adhesive in mass ratio of 1:1:1 is added to each substrate layer, and the other is exactly the same as example 15.
The raw materials and the preparation method of the surface layer in this example are exactly the same as in example 15.
Example 18
The slope protection type of this embodiment is a rock gentle slope.
The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method of this embodiment is exactly the same as that of embodiment 16.
The material of the base material layer in this example was exactly the same as in example 16.
The preparation method of the substrate layer of this example was exactly the same as that of example 16.
The raw material of the top layer of this example was exactly the same as that of example 16.
The preparation method of the surface layer of this example was exactly the same as that of example 16.
Example 19
The slope protection type of this embodiment is a rock gentle slope.
In the step (1) of the vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method of the embodiment, a crochet iron wire net is paved on a slope surface of the side slope, the type of the iron wire is 14#, the aperture of the net is 5cm multiplied by 5cm, the lap joint length is 10cm, meanwhile, anchors with the model number of 14, the length of 60-80cm and the spacing of 100cm are used for fixing, the iron wire net is separated from the slope surface by 7cm, the diameter of an ecological rod is 0.08m, the length of 1m and the vertical spacing of 2m, the ecological rod is horizontally arranged along the slope surface anchors, when the ecological rod is fixed by the anchors, the contact position of the 14# soft iron wire anchors and the ecological rod is used for fixing, binding is firm, and if the end joint of the ecological rod is in a suspended state, the ecological rod is fixed by using an HRB 4008U-shaped needle, otherwise, and the method is completely the same as in the embodiment 13.
Each substrate layer of the embodiment is formed by planting soil 10m 3 600kg of cement and 2.5m of plant residue 3 1.5m of fiber 3 180kg of organic fertilizer, 7kg of compound fertilizer and 500kg of ecological modifier, and the other materials are exactly the same as in example 13.
The preparation method of the substrate layer of this example was exactly the same as that of example 13.
Each surface layer of the embodiment is formed by planting soil 10m 3 400kg of cement and 2.5m of plant residue 3 1.5m of fiber 3 180kg of organic fertilizer, 7kg of compound fertilizer, 30g of plant seeds and 400kg of ecological modifier, wherein the plant seeds are mixed plant seeds, the mixed plant seeds consist of herbaceous plants, leguminous plants, shrub plants and wild flower combinations, and climbing plants according to the weight ratio of 16:9:11:7:9, the herbaceous plants consist of perennial ryegrass, fescue, bermuda grass, golden silk grass and small crown flowers according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:3:1, the leguminous plants consist of white clover and alfalfa according to the mass ratio of 2:4, the shrub plants consist of lespedeza, amorpha fruticosa, wild gleditsia sinensis and arborvitae according to the mass ratio of 5:5:3:3, and the climbing plants are iron-wire lotus with the mass ratio of 2g/m 2 The other steps are exactly the same as in example 13.
The preparation method of the surface layer of this example was exactly the same as that of example 13.
Example 20
The slope protection type of this embodiment is a rock gentle slope.
In the step (1) of the vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method of the embodiment, a crochet iron wire net is paved on a slope surface of the side slope, the type of the iron wire is 14#, the aperture of the net is 5cm multiplied by 5cm, the lap joint length is 10cm, meanwhile, anchors with the model number of 14, the length of 60-80cm and the spacing of 100cm are used for fixing, the iron wire net is separated from the slope surface by 7cm, the diameter of an ecological rod is 0.08m, the length of 1m and the vertical spacing of 2m, the ecological rod is horizontally arranged along the slope surface anchors, when the ecological rod is fixed by the anchors, the contact position of the 14# soft iron wire anchors and the ecological rod is used for fixing, binding is firm, and if the end joint of the ecological rod is in a suspended state, the ecological rod is fixed by using an HRB 4008U-shaped needle, and the method is completely the same as in the embodiment 16.
Each substrate layer of the embodiment is formed by planting soil 10m 3 600kg of cement and 2.5m of plant residue 3 1.5m of fiber 3 180kg of organic fertilizer, 7kg of compound fertilizer, 500kg of ecological modifier and 25kg of soil binder, and the other materials are exactly the same as in example 16.
The preparation method of the substrate layer of this example was exactly the same as that of example 16.
Each surface layer of the embodiment is formed by planting soil 10m 3 400kg of cement and 2.5m of plant residue 3 1.5m of fiber 3 180kg of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer7kg, 30g of plant seeds and 400kg of ecological modifier, wherein the plant seeds are mixed plant seeds, the mixed plant seeds consist of herbaceous plants, leguminous plants, shrubs and wild flower combinations, and climbing plants according to the weight ratio of 16:9:11:7:9, the herbaceous plants consist of perennial ryegrass, fescue, bermuda grass, golden silk grass and small crown flowers according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:3:1, the leguminous plants consist of white clover and alfalfa according to the mass ratio of 2:4, the shrub plants consist of lespedeza, amorpha fruticosa, wild gleditsia sinensis and arborvitae according to the mass ratio of 5:5:3, and the climbing plants are iron-wire lotus with the mass of 2g/m 2 The other steps are exactly the same as in example 16.
The preparation method of the surface layer of this example was exactly the same as that of example 16.
Example 21
The slope protection type of this embodiment is a backfill slope.
The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method of this embodiment is exactly the same as that of embodiment 16.
The material of the base material layer in this example was exactly the same as in example 16.
The preparation method of the substrate layer of this example was exactly the same as that of example 16.
The raw material of the top layer of this example was exactly the same as that of example 16.
The preparation method of the surface layer of this example was exactly the same as that of example 16.
Example 22
The slope protection type of this embodiment is a backfill slope.
In the step (1) of the vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method of the embodiment, a crochet iron wire net is paved on a slope surface of the side slope, the type of the iron wire is 14#, the aperture of the net is 7cm multiplied by 7cm, the lap joint length is 10cm, meanwhile, 8mmU type nails, 5cm multiplied by 12cm multiplied by 5cm in size and 1000cm in interval are used for fixing, the iron wire net is 7cm away from the slope surface, the diameter of an ecological rod is 0.08m, the length is 1m, the vertical interval is 1m, the iron wire net is horizontally arranged along the slope surface anchor, when the ecological rod is fixed by the anchor, the contact position of the 14# soft iron wire anchor and the ecological rod is used for fixing, and if the end joint of the ecological rod is in a suspended state, the ecological rod is fixed by using an HRB4008U type needle, and the ecological rod is completely the same as in the embodiment 13.
Each substrate layer of the embodiment is formed by planting soil 10m 3 500kg of cement and 2m of plant residue 3 Fiber 2m 3 180kg of organic fertilizer, 7kg of compound fertilizer and 400kg of ecological modifier, and the other materials are exactly the same as in example 13.
The preparation method of the substrate layer of this example was exactly the same as that of example 13.
Each surface layer of the embodiment is formed by planting soil 10m 3 400kg of cement and 2.0m of plant residue 3 Fiber 2.0m 3 180kg of organic fertilizer, 7kg of compound fertilizer, 30g of plant seeds and 400kg of ecological modifier, wherein the plant seeds are mixed plant seeds, the mixed plant seeds consist of herbaceous plants, leguminous plants, shrub plants, wild flower combinations and climbing plants according to the weight ratio of 16:9:11:7:9, the herbaceous plants consist of perennial ryegrass, fescue, bermudagrass, golden silk grass, elm, small crown flowers and schefflera arboricola according to the mass ratio of 1:1:2:3:2:1:2, the leguminous plants consist of white clover and alfalfa according to the mass ratio of 2:4, the shrub plants consist of lespedeza and amorpha fruticosa according to the mass ratio of 4:4, and the climbing plants are clematis with the mass of 4g/m 2 The other steps are exactly the same as in example 13.
The preparation method of the surface layer of this example was exactly the same as that of example 13.
Example 23
The slope protection type of this embodiment is a backfill slope.
In the step (1) of the vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method of the embodiment, a crochet iron wire net is paved on a slope surface of the side slope, meanwhile, 8mmU type nails, anchors with the size of 5cm multiplied by 12cm multiplied by 5cm and the interval of 1000cm are used for fixing, the iron wire net is separated from the slope surface by 7cm, the ecological rod is 0.08m in diameter, 1m in length and 1m in vertical interval, and is horizontally arranged along the slope surface anchors, when the ecological rod is fixed by the anchors, the contact positions of the anchors and the ecological rod are fixed by using 14# soft iron wires, binding is firm, and if the end joint of the ecological rod is in a suspended state, the ecological rod is fixed by using an HRB4008U type needle, and the method is identical to the embodiment 16.
Each substrate layer of the embodiment is formed by planting soil 10m 3 500kg of cement and 2m of plant residue 3 Fiber 2m 3 180kg of organic fertilizer, 7kg of compound fertilizer, 400kg of ecological modifier and 25kg of soil binder, and the other materials are exactly the same as in example 16.
The preparation method of the substrate layer of this example was exactly the same as that of example 16.
Each surface layer of the embodiment is formed by planting soil 10m 3 400kg of cement and 2.0m of plant residue 3 Fiber 2.0m 3 180kg of organic fertilizer, 7kg of compound fertilizer, 30g of plant seeds and 400kg of ecological modifier, wherein the plant seeds are mixed plant seeds, the mixed plant seeds consist of herbaceous plants, leguminous plants, shrub plants, wild flower combinations and climbing plants according to the weight ratio of 16:9:11:7:9, the herbaceous plants consist of perennial ryegrass, fescue, bermudagrass, golden silk grass, elm, small crown flowers and schefflera arboricola according to the mass ratio of 1:1:2:3:2:1:2, the leguminous plants consist of white clover and alfalfa according to the mass ratio of 2:4, the shrub plants consist of lespedeza and amorpha fruticosa according to the mass ratio of 4:4, and the climbing plants are clematis with the mass of 4g/m 2 The other steps are exactly the same as in example 16.
The preparation method of the surface layer of this example was exactly the same as that of example 16.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
The slope protection type of this comparative example is a rock steep slope.
The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method of the comparative example comprises the following steps: (1) Laying a crochet iron wire net on a slope surface, wherein the type of the iron wire net is 14#, the aperture of the net is 5cm multiplied by 5cm, the lap joint length is 10cm, simultaneously, the crochet iron wire net is fixed by using anchors with the model of 14, the length of 50-80cm and the spacing of 100cm, the iron wire net is separated from the slope surface by 7cm, the diameter of an ecological rod is 0.08m, the length of the ecological rod is 1m, the vertical spacing of the ecological rod is 1m, the iron wire net is horizontally arranged along the slope surface anchors, when the ecological rod is fixed by using the anchors, the contact position between the anchors and the ecological rod is fixed by using 14# soft iron wires, the binding is firm, and if the end joint of the ecological rod is in a suspended state, the ecological rod is fixed by using an HRB 4008U-shaped needle;
(2) Spraying a vegetation concrete substrate spraying layer on the wire netting, wherein a spray gun opening is perpendicular to the slope surface for spraying, the distance between the spray opening and the rock wall is 2m, the substrate spraying layer comprises a substrate layer and a surface layer, the thickness of the substrate layer is 7cm, and the thickness of the surface layer is 1cm;
(3) Transplanting shrubs and climbing vines on the surface layer, wherein the shrubs are amorpha fruticosa, the climbing vines are climbing tigers, the climbing tigers and the amorpha fruticosa are transplanted on the slope surface of the side slope, the plant spacing is 1m, and the climbing tigers are transplanted on the slope foot and the slope top of the side slope, and the plant spacing is 0.5m;
(4) Covering non-woven fabrics, wherein the non-woven fabrics are matched with the slope in size, the non-woven fabrics are closely attached to the slope and laid from top to bottom, the bottom ends of the non-woven fabrics are closely attached to the top ends of the non-woven fabrics and are firmly arranged on the slope, the joint of the two non-woven fabrics is vertically overlapped and fixed, and the fixed length is more than or equal to 0.1m; fixing the non-woven fabrics by using U-shaped anchor rods, wherein the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction of each non-woven fabric are fixed, and the installation number of the U-shaped anchor rods per square meter is at least 1;
(5) The slope maintenance, the slope maintenance uses the sprinkling irrigation system, the sprinkling irrigation system includes running water shower nozzle, tap, sprinkling irrigation control valve, running water supply pipe, main part water supply pipe and branch water supply pipe, in the slope maintenance process, need make the sprinkling irrigation system accomplish its spraying area all the time and be not less than 95% of the slope to keep moderate atomization degree all the time in its spraying process.
The substrate layer of this comparative example was made of the following raw materials: loam, cement, plant residues, fiber, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, wherein each substrate layer is formed by loam 0.5m 3 35kg of cement and 0.1m of plant residue 3 1.5m of fiber 3 0.6kg of organic fertilizer and 0.6kg of compound fertilizer; the cement is P42.5 ordinary Portland cement; the plant residue is coconut husk; the fiber is straw fiber; the organic fertilizer is a powdery biological organic fertilizer; the compound fertilizer is a commercially available compound fertilizer.
The preparation method of the substrate layer of the comparative example comprises the following steps: according to the formula, plant residues, loam, organic fertilizer, fiber, cement and compound fertilizer are sequentially fed, and are uniformly mixed and stirred to obtain the fertilizer.
The surface layer of the embodiment is made of the following raw materials: planting soil, cement, plant residues, fibers, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and plant seeds, wherein each surface layer is formed by loam of 0.5m 3 30kg of cement and 0.2m of plant residue 3 1.0m of fiber 3 0.5kg of organic fertilizer, 1kg of compound fertilizer and 100g of plant seeds; wherein the planting soil is commercially available; the cement is P42.5 ordinary Portland cement; the plant residue is coconut husk; the fiber is straw fiber; the organic fertilizer is powdery organic fertilizer; the compound fertilizer is a commercially available compound fertilizer; the plant seed is green bristlegrass.
The preparation method of the surface layer of the embodiment comprises the following steps: and (3) feeding materials according to the sequence of plant residues, loam, organic fertilizer, fiber, cement, compound fertilizer and mixed plant seeds, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain the plant fertilizer.
Comparative example 2
The slope protection type of this comparative example is a rock gentle slope, and the other is exactly the same as comparative example 1.
Comparative example 3
The slope protection type of this comparative example is a backfill slope, and the other is exactly the same as comparative example 1.
Comparative example 4
The slope protection type of this comparative example is a rock steep slope.
The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method of the comparative example comprises the following steps: (1) Laying a crochet iron wire net on a slope surface, wherein the type of the iron wire net is 14#, the aperture of the net is 5cm multiplied by 5cm, the lap joint length is 10cm, simultaneously, the crochet iron wire net is fixed by using anchors with the model of 14, the length of 50-80cm and the spacing of 100cm, the iron wire net is separated from the slope surface by 7cm, the diameter of an ecological rod is 0.08m, the length of the ecological rod is 1m, the vertical spacing of the ecological rod is 1m, the iron wire net is horizontally arranged along the slope surface anchors, when the ecological rod is fixed by using the anchors, the contact position between the anchors and the ecological rod is fixed by using 14# soft iron wires, the binding is firm, and if the end joint of the ecological rod is in a suspended state, the ecological rod is fixed by using an HRB 4008U-shaped needle;
(2) Spraying vegetation concrete base material spray layer on the wire netting, spraying the slope perpendicularly to the spray gun mouth, the distance between spray port and the rock wall is 2m, and the base material spray layer includes base material layer and surface course, and the thickness of base material layer is 7cm, and the thickness of surface course is 1cm.
The substrate layer of this comparative example was made of the following raw materials: loam, cement, plant residue, fiber, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizerAnd (3) mixing the fertilizers, wherein each part of substrate layer consists of loam with the thickness of 0.5m 3 35kg of cement and 0.1m of plant residue 3 1.5m of fiber 3 0.6kg of organic fertilizer and 0.6kg of compound fertilizer; the cement is P42.5 ordinary Portland cement; the plant residue is coconut husk; the fiber is straw fiber; the organic fertilizer is a powdery biological organic fertilizer; the compound fertilizer is a commercially available compound fertilizer.
The preparation method of the substrate layer of the comparative example comprises the following steps: according to the formula, plant residues, loam, organic fertilizer, fiber, cement and compound fertilizer are sequentially fed, and are uniformly mixed and stirred to obtain the fertilizer.
The surface layer of the embodiment is made of the following raw materials: planting soil, cement, plant residues, fibers, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and plant seeds, wherein each surface layer is formed by loam of 0.5m 3 30kg of cement and 0.2m of plant residue 3 1.0m of fiber 3 0.5kg of organic fertilizer, 1kg of compound fertilizer and 100g of plant seeds; wherein the planting soil is commercially available; the cement is P42.5 ordinary Portland cement; the plant residue is coconut husk; the fiber is straw fiber; the organic fertilizer is powdery organic fertilizer; the compound fertilizer is a commercially available compound fertilizer; the plant seed is green bristlegrass.
The preparation method of the surface layer of the embodiment comprises the following steps: and (3) feeding materials according to the sequence of plant residues, loam, organic fertilizer, fiber, cement, compound fertilizer and mixed plant seeds, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain the plant fertilizer.
Performance test
Detection method
And (3) detecting the anti-scouring performance of soil: and taking the vegetation concrete ecological slope protection prepared in the examples 1-23 and the comparative examples 1-4, and carrying out field test when the vegetation grows to about 45 days. The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection is tested for water and soil loss rate and vegetation grass planting coverage rate according to the test method in GB 50434-2008 "Water and soil loss control Standard of development construction project", and the test results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 Properties of vegetation concrete ecological slope protection of examples 1-23 and comparative examples 1-4
In combination with example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 4, and in combination with table 5, it can be seen that when the slope protection type is a steep rock slope, the cement addition amount in example 1 is relatively large, the slope protection strength is relatively high, the soil erosion rate is relatively low, and the shrubs and climbing vines are transplanted in both example 1 and comparative example 1, so that the soil erosion rate is relatively small, and the vegetation coverage rate is relatively large, compared with comparative example 4.
By combining the embodiments 1-9 and combining the table 5, it can be seen that by optimizing the proportions of the raw materials of the base layer and the surface layer, the soil and water loss and vegetation coverage of the revetment are improved, and meanwhile, the thickness ratio of the base layer and the surface layer has larger influence on the soil and water loss and vegetation coverage of the revetment.
By combining examples 9-17 and table 5, it can be seen that the plants in the surface layer adopt mixed plant seeds, and the water and soil loss and vegetation coverage of the surface layer are better than those of single plant seeds, the mixed plant seeds are more in variety, and the seeds are mutually complementary, so that the water and soil loss rate of the revetment is reduced, the vegetation coverage is improved, and the water and soil loss and vegetation coverage of the revetment are improved after the soil binder is added into the substrate layer.
In combination with examples 18-20, and in combination with Table 5, it can be seen that the soil erosion and water loss of a gentle rock slope is better than that of a steep rock slope.
In combination with examples 21-23, and in combination with Table 5, it can be seen that the soil and water loss of the backfill slope is better than that of the steep rock slope.
The present embodiment is only for explanation of the present application and is not to be construed as limiting the present application, and modifications to the present embodiment, which may not creatively contribute to the present application as required by those skilled in the art after reading the present specification, are all protected by patent laws within the scope of claims of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Covering the surface of the slope body with a wire netting;
(2) Spraying vegetation concrete base material spray layers on an iron wire net, wherein each base material spray layer comprises a base material layer and a surface layer, each base material layer is prepared from 10-15m of planting soil, 500-700kg of cement, 2.0-2.5m of plant residues, 1.5-2.0m of fiber, 180-200kg of organic fertilizer, 5-8kg of compound fertilizer, 20-30kg of soil binder and 400-600kg of ecological modifier, and each surface layer raw material is prepared from 10-15m of planting soil, 400-500kg of cement, 2.0-2.5m of plant residues, 1.0-2.0m of fiber, 150-180kg of organic fertilizer, 5-8kg of compound fertilizer, 30-35g of plant seeds and 400-600kg of ecological modifier; the soil binder consists of phenolated lignin, a silane coupling agent and a silicate type inorganic adhesive according to the mass ratio of (3-5): (4-7): (2-4), wherein the silicate type inorganic adhesive is prepared from sodium silicate and sodium fluosilicate; the preparation method of the phenolized lignin comprises the following steps: sequentially adding sodium lignin sulfonate, phenol solution and sodium hydroxide solution into a container, uniformly mixing, heating to 110 ℃, stirring at constant temperature for 2 hours for reaction, adjusting pH=2-3, carrying out suction filtration, and washing a filter cake with boiling water until free phenol is not present to obtain phenolized lignin; grinding the phenolated lignin to a particle size of less than 1cm, wherein the mass ratio of sodium lignin sulfonate, phenol and sodium hydroxide is 100:60:3; the plant seeds are mixed plant seeds, and the mixed plant seeds comprise herbaceous plants, leguminous plants, shrubs, wild flower combinations and climbing plants; each of the mixed plant seeds: the weight ratio of the herbaceous plants, the leguminous plants, the shrubs, the wild flower combination and the climbing plants is (9-16): (6-9): (9-11): (4-7): (6-9); an ecological rod is arranged between the slope and the substrate layer, the ecological rod is horizontally arranged along the slope anchor, the ecological rod is fixed on the slope through the slope anchor, and if the end joint of the ecological rod is in a suspended state, the ecological rod is fixed by adopting an HRB 4008U-shaped needle; the ecological stick comprises the following raw materials: planting soil 10m 3 Rice husk 2.5m 3 Saw dust 1.5m 3 200kg of organic fertilizer and 10kg of compound fertilizer; the thickness ratio of the substrate layer to the surface layer is (7-10): 1-3;
(3) Transplanting shrubs and climbing rattans on the surface layer;
(4) Covering non-woven fabrics;
(5) And (5) slope maintenance.
2. The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method according to claim 1, wherein: the planting soil in the step (2) is sandy loam within 1m below the ground surface around the engineering site.
3. The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method according to claim 2, wherein: the grain diameter of the planting soil is less than or equal to 0.8cm, and the sand grain content of the planting soil is less than or equal to 15%.
4. The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method according to claim 1, wherein: the plant residue is any one of coconut husk, rice husk and sawdust.
5. The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method according to claim 1, wherein: the organic fertilizer in the step (2) is powdery organic fertilizer.
6. The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method according to claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the substrate layer comprises the following steps: feeding according to the sequence of plant residues, planting soil, organic fertilizer, fiber, cement and compound fertilizer, and uniformly mixing and stirring.
7. The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method according to claim 1, wherein: the two adjacent wire netting overlap joint, overlap joint department interlude is fixed with reinforcing bar or stick, overlap joint length is 10-15cm.
8. The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method according to claim 1, wherein: the shrubs are amorpha fruticosa, the climbing rattans are climbing tigers, the climbing tigers and the amorpha fruticosa are transplanted on the slope surface, and the climbing tigers are transplanted on the slope foot and the slope top.
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