CN112195940A - Ecological protection structure suitable for uneven rock slope in hollow and construction method - Google Patents
Ecological protection structure suitable for uneven rock slope in hollow and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112195940A CN112195940A CN202010954436.XA CN202010954436A CN112195940A CN 112195940 A CN112195940 A CN 112195940A CN 202010954436 A CN202010954436 A CN 202010954436A CN 112195940 A CN112195940 A CN 112195940A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
- E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00758—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for agri-, sylvi- or piscicultural or cattle-breeding applications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0026—Metals
- E02D2300/0029—Steel; Iron
- E02D2300/0034—Steel; Iron in wire form
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0037—Clays
- E02D2300/0039—Clays mixed with additives
Abstract
An ecological protection structure suitable for a hollow uneven rock slope and a construction method thereof comprise cement soil sprayed on the slope, wire netting laid on the cement soil layer, a short anchor rod for fixing the wire netting and a base material spray layer, wherein the base material spray layer is positioned on the cement soil layer and comprises a base layer without mixed plant green seeds and a surface layer with the mixed plant green seeds. The invention adopts the base materials of three technologies, can respectively use a dry concrete sprayer, a foreign soil sprayer or a wet sprayer to finish the cement soil layer and vegetation concrete spraying construction according to different base materials, has simple construction process, short construction period and low construction cost, is suitable for slope protection and ecological restoration of uneven rock slopes, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ecological protection technology for a hollow uneven rock slope, and belongs to the field of ecological slope protection.
Background
The limestone slope is easy to have a concave and uneven slope surface, the hardness of the limestone is not large, the limestone is easy to erode, and the concave and the convex are formed by geological action. The slope surface often has pot holes with different sizes, the net is not convenient to hang, if the slope surface is not filled, the spraying construction is carried out, a lot of base materials can be wasted, and the construction cost is increased. And the base material is sprayed too thick, so that the water and soil protection is not facilitated, and the side slope protection capability is poor. In order to simplify construction, reduce cost and improve slope stability, a new ecological protection structure and method need to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ecological protection structure suitable for a sloppy or dimpled slope and a construction method. The ecological slope protection structure is reasonable, the problem of uneven side slope depressions can be solved, effective slope protection is realized, and a sustainable slope ecological system is recovered.
The invention provides an ecological protection structure suitable for a concave uneven rock slope and a construction method.
The cement content in the cement soil is 12-20%.
The base material spout the layer and adopt and spout futilely and plant by the concrete substrate, wherein the ratio of basic unit is: sandy loam 850-900L/m3143 to 252 kg/m cement355-60L/m humus360 to 65L/m of grass fiber30.5-0.6 kg/m of water-retaining agent3Long-acting fertilizer 0.6-0.8 kg/m30.6-0.8 kg/m of compound fertilizer350-60 kg/m vegetation concrete greening additive3(ii) a The mixture ratio of the surface layer is as follows: sandy loam 850-900L/m3Cement of 114-201 kg/m3Humus 50-60L/m350 to 60L/m of grass fiber30.5-0.6 kg/m of water-retaining agent3Long-acting fertilizer 0.8-0.9 kg/m30.6-0.8 kg/m of compound fertilizer3Vegetation concrete greening additive 40-55 kg/m3100-200 g/m of plant seeds3。
The base material spray layer adopts foreign soil spray-seeding base material, wherein the base layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: sandy loam 800-900L/m3Humus 50-60L/m340 to 50L/m of grass fiber30.5-0.6 kg/m of water-retaining agent3Long-acting fertilizer 0.6-0.8 kg/m30.6-0.8 kg/m of compound fertilizer30.1-0.2 kg/m of soil binder3(ii) a The mixture ratio of the surface layer is as follows: sandy loam 800-900L/m3Humus 50-60L/m340 to 50L/m of grass fiber30.5-0.6 kg/m of water-retaining agent3Long-acting fertilizer 0.6-0.8 kg/m30.6-0.8 kg/m of compound fertilizer30.15-0.25 kg/m of soil binder3100-200 g/m of plant seeds3。
The base material spraying layer adopts a wet spraying vegetation concrete base material, wherein the base layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 200-600L/m loam334-168 kg/m cement3Wet spraying vegetation concrete additive 30-40 kg/m30.12-0.15 kg/m of organic matter3Long-acting fertilizer 0.6-0.8 kg/m30.5-0.7 kg/m of compound fertilizer30.1 to 0.2 kg/m of soil binder3(ii) a The mixture ratio of the surface layer is (newly mixed base material): 0.5-0.6 kg/m loam327 to 135 kg/m of cement3Wet spraying vegetation concrete additive 20-25 kg/m30.1 to 0.12 kg/m of organic matter3Long-acting fertilizer 0.9-1.0 kg/m30.6-0.8 kg/m of compound fertilizer30.2-0.3 kg/m of soil binder3150-200 g/m of plant seeds3。
The thickness of the base layer is 5-10 cm, and the thickness of the surface layer is 1-2 cm.
The short anchor rod penetrates through the cement soil layer and extends into the rock by at least 15 cm.
The wire netting is made of a double-twisted galvanized metal net with the mesh specification of 5 cm multiplied by 5 cm or 6 cm multiplied by 6 cm.
The construction method aiming at the uneven side slope in the hollow area comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning impurities on the rock slope surface, such as rolling stones, floating soil, withered branches and the like, and measuring and paying off;
(2) spraying cement soil on the uneven side slope pits of the slope surface to fill and level the pits to form a cement soil layer;
(3) punching a hole on a cement soil layer or a slope rock, and hanging a wire mesh on a short anchor rod;
(4) soaking a cement soil layer, keeping a slope body moist, preparing a base material, constructing a base layer and a surface layer, covering and preserving soil moisture after construction is finished, and watering and maintaining.
The vegetation concrete greening additive adopts a product provided according to the patent number ZL 201110380711.2. The wet spray vegetation concrete additive adopts the following patent application numbers: 201910726453.5, respectively.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the ecological slope protection structure provided by the invention can solve the problem of difficult construction caused by uneven side slope potholes by firstly leveling uneven side slope potholes (namely side slope potholes) by using cement soil and then spraying vegetation concrete, is suitable for treating steep side slopes with potholes on the slope surface, and is particularly suitable for occasions where slope cutting treatment cannot be carried out.
(2) The cement soil adopted by the invention has good erosion resistance and corrosion resistance; with the lapse of time, the soil cement layer is under the effect of plant root system secretion organic acid, and soil cement basicity reduces gradually, and the structure becomes soft, can prick into plant root system from the surface gradually inside.
(3) When the base material is sprayed in a dry mode, the construction of the cement soil and the base material can be completed by one set of mechanical equipment, the working procedure is simple, the construction period is short, and the construction cost is low.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of the position a-a for a dimpled uneven rock slope according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a plane layout diagram of the hanging net and the anchor rods when the hanging net is used for a hollow uneven rock slope.
In the figure: side slope 1, wire netting 2, basic unit 3, surface course 4, cement soil layer 5, short stock 6, side slope pot hole 7.
Detailed Description
The invention comprises a wire netting 2 laid on the whole slope surface 1, a short anchor rod 6 for fixing the wire netting 2, and a cement soil layer 5 formed by spraying cement soil on a side slope pot hole 7, wherein the base material spraying layer is positioned on the cement soil layer 5 and comprises a base layer 3 without mixed plant seeds and a surface layer 4 with the mixed plant seeds.
The wire mesh is a double-twisted galvanized metal mesh.
The dry type sprayer adopts a PZ-5 dry type sprayer, the foreign soil spray-seeding machine adopts a HF-HA8 foreign soil spray-seeding machine or a PZ-5 dry type sprayer, and the wet type concrete spray-seeding machine adopts a Senlicok HPB80120K type wet type foreign soil spray-seeding machine.
The vegetation concrete greening additive adopts a product produced according to the patent number ZL 201110380711.2. The wet spray vegetation concrete additive adopts the following patent application numbers: 201910726453.5, respectively.
The plant seed can be selected from Cynodon dactylon, Lolium perenne, Magnolia grandiflora, Trifolium repens or Robinia pseudoacacia, etc.
Example 1:
rock side slope with annual rainfall of 600 plus 1112 mm in some area in south, pits with different slope surface distribution sizes, slope gradient of 1: 1, the ecological slope protection is planned to be carried out by adopting the method; the base material spraying layer adopts a dry spraying concrete base material.
The base layer comprises the following components:
the surface layer comprises the following components:
the thickness of the base layer 3 is 6 cm, and the thickness of the surface layer 4 is 2 cm.
The length of the short anchor rod 6 is 0.3 m.
The wire netting 2 is made of a double-twisted galvanized metal net with the mesh specification of 5 cm multiplied by 5 cm.
The construction method of the ecological protection structure for the uneven rock slope in the hollow area comprises the following steps:
(1) and (4) cleaning rock slope 1 with rolling stones, floating soil and dry branches, and measuring and setting out.
(2) And (3) spraying cement soil at the whole rock slope pot hole 7 to form a cement soil layer 5, wherein the cement content in the cement soil layer 5 is 12-20%. Filling the hole on the slope.
(3) And (3) drilling holes on the cement soil layer 5 or the slope rock, and hanging the wire netting 2 on the short anchor rod 6.
(4) Soaking a cement soil layer 5 to keep the slope body moist, preparing a base material, constructing a base layer 3 and a surface layer 4 by adopting a dry type spraying machine, covering and preserving soil moisture, and watering and maintaining for 2 months.
Example 2:
grooves with different sizes are arranged on the bank side slope of the middle and downstream region of the Karman river, the slope is 50 degrees, and the ecological slope protection is carried out by adopting the method; the base material spraying layer adopts a foreign soil spraying base material.
The thickness of the base layer 3 is 6 cm, and the thickness of the surface layer 4 is 1 cm.
The length of the short anchor rod 6 is 0.5 m.
The wire netting 2 is made of a double-twisted galvanized metal net with the mesh specification of 6 cm multiplied by 6 cm.
The construction method of the ecological protection structure for the uneven rock slope in the hollow area comprises the following steps:
(1) and (4) cleaning rock slope 1 with rolling stones, floating soil and dry branches, and measuring and setting out.
(2) Spraying cement soil at the whole rock slope pit hole 7 to form a cement soil layer 5; the cement content in the cement soil layer 5 is 12-20%.
(3) And laying a wire netting 2 on the cement soil layer 5 and fixing the wire netting by using a short anchor rod 6.
(4) Soaking a cement soil layer 5 to keep the slope body moist, preparing a base material, constructing a base layer 3 and a surface layer 4 by adopting a wet spraying machine, covering and preserving soil moisture, and watering and maintaining for 3 months.
Example 3
Slope of river bank in certain area in south, slope hollow is uneven, and the slope is 1: 0.5, the ecological slope protection is planned to be carried out by adopting the method; the base material spraying layer adopts a wet spraying vegetation concrete base material.
The thickness of the base layer 3 is 5 cm, and the thickness of the surface layer 4 is 2 cm.
The length of the short anchor rod 6 is 0.6 m.
The wire netting 2 is made of a double-twisted galvanized metal net with the mesh specification of 5 cm multiplied by 5 cm.
The construction method of the ecological protection structure for the uneven rock slope in the hollow area comprises the following steps:
(1) and (4) cleaning rock slope 1 with rolling stones, floating soil and dry branches, and measuring and setting out.
(2) And (3) spraying cement soil at the whole rock slope pot hole 7 to form a cement soil layer 5, wherein the cement content in the cement soil layer 5 is 12-20%.
(3) And (3) drilling holes on the cement soil layer 5 or the slope rock, and hanging the wire netting 2 on the short anchor rod 6.
(4) Soaking a cement soil layer 5 to keep the slope body moist, preparing a base material (adding water to form proper consistency), constructing a base layer 3 by adopting a wet spraying machine, constructing a surface layer 4, covering and preserving soil moisture, and watering and maintaining for 4 months.
Claims (10)
1. Ecological protection structure suitable for uneven rock side slope of hollow, its characterized in that: the steel wire net concrete foundation comprises a steel wire net (2) and a cement soil layer (5) for filling and leveling side slope pot holes (7), wherein the steel wire net (2) is laid on the cement soil layer (5) and is fixed through a short anchor rod (6); the base material spraying layer is positioned above the cement soil layer (5), and comprises a base layer (3) without plant seeds and a surface layer (4) with the plant seeds.
2. The ecological protection structure suitable for hollow uneven rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cement content in the cement soil layer (5) is 12-20%.
3. The ecological protection structure suitable for hollow uneven rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: the base material spouts the layer and adopts and spout futilely that plant by concrete substrate, wherein the ratio of basic unit (3) is: sandy loam 850-900L/m3143 to 252 kg/m cement355-60L/m humus360 to 65L/m of grass fiber30.5-0.6 kg/m of water-retaining agent3Long-acting fertilizer 0.6-0.8 kg/m30.6-0.8 kg/m of compound fertilizer350-60 kg/m vegetation concrete greening additive3(ii) a The mixture ratio of the surface layer (4) is as follows: sandy loam 850-900L/m3Cement of 114-201 kg/m3Humus 50-60L/m350 to 60L/m of grass fiber30.5-0.6 kg/m of water-retaining agent3Long-acting fertilizer 0.8-0.9 kg/m30.6-0.8 kg/m of compound fertilizer3Vegetation concrete greening additive 40-55 kg/m3100-200 g/m of plant seeds3。
4. The ecological protection structure suitable for hollow uneven rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: the base material spray layer adopts a foreign soil spray-seeding base material, wherein the base layer (3) is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: sandy loam 800-900L/m3Humus 50-60L/m340 to 50L/m of grass fiber30.5-0.6 kg/m of water-retaining agent3Long-acting fertilizer 0.6-0.8 kg/m30.6-0.8 kg/m of compound fertilizer30.1-0.2 kg/m of soil binder3(ii) a The mixture ratio of the surface layer (4) is as follows: sandy loam 800-900L/m3Humus 50-60L/m340 to 50L/m of grass fiber30.5-0.6 kg/m of water-retaining agent3Long-acting fertilizer 0.6-0.8 kg/m30.6-0.8 kg/m of compound fertilizer30.15-0.25 kg/m of soil binder3100-200 g/m of plant seeds3。
5. The ecological protection structure suitable for hollow uneven rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: the base material spraying layer adopts a wet spraying vegetation concrete base material, wherein the base layer (3) comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 200-600L/m loam334-168 kg/m cement3Wet spraying vegetation concrete additive 30-40 kg/m30.12-0.15 kg/m of organic matter3Long-acting fertilizer 0.6-0.8 kg/m30.5-0.7 kg/m of compound fertilizer30.1 to 0.2 kg/m of soil binder3(ii) a The proportion of the surface layer (4) is as follows (newly mixed base material): 0.5-0.6 kg/m loam327 to 135 kg/m of cement3Wet spraying vegetation concrete additive 20-25 kg/m30.1 to 0.12 kg/m of organic matter3Long-acting fertilizer 0.9-1.0 kg/m30.6-0.8 kg/m of compound fertilizer30.2-0.3 kg/m of soil binder3150-200 g/m of plant seeds3。
6. The ecological protection structure suitable for hollow uneven rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: the short anchor rods (6) penetrate through the cement soil layer (5) when the cement soil layer is formed, and penetrate into the rock by at least 15 cm.
7. The ecological protection structure suitable for hollow uneven rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: the wire netting (2) is made of wire netting of a double-twisted galvanized metal net with the mesh specification of 5 cm multiplied by 5 cm or 6 cm multiplied by 6 cm.
8. The construction method of the ecological protection structure for the rock slopes with uneven depressions as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) cleaning sundries such as rolling stones, floating soil, withered branches and the like on the rock slope (1), and measuring and setting out;
(2) spraying cement soil on side slope pits (7) with uneven slope pits to fill and level the side slope pits to form a cement soil layer (5);
(3) punching holes on a cement soil layer (5) or slope rocks, and hanging a wire netting (2) on a short anchor rod (6);
(4) soaking a cement soil layer (5), keeping the slope body moist, preparing a base material, constructing a base layer (3) and a surface layer (4), covering and preserving soil moisture after construction, and watering and maintaining.
9. The ecological protection structure suitable for hollow uneven rock slopes according to claim 3, characterized in that: the vegetation concrete greening additive adopts the following patent numbers: ZL 201110380711.2.
10. The ecological protection structure suitable for hollow uneven rock slopes according to claim 5, wherein: the wet spray vegetation concrete additive adopts the following patent application numbers: 201910726453.5, respectively.
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Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN112854260A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-05-28 | 青岛理工大学 | Ecological concrete rock-soil slope protection structure and construction method |
CN113045268A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-06-29 | 河北省地质环境监测院(河北省地质灾害应急技术中心、河北省地质环境监测总站) | Plant-growing soil concrete suitable for slope ecological restoration engineering and construction method |
CN113062332A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-07-02 | 广西北投交通养护科技集团有限公司 | Vegetation concrete ecological slope protection and automatic maintenance method |
CN113330967A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-09-03 | 三峡大学 | Method for improving germination rate of rhus chinensis seeds on vegetation concrete restoration slope |
CN113774888A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-12-10 | 广西长长路桥建设有限公司 | Sand soil subgrade improvement and slope protection construction method with low clay content |
CN113863333A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-12-31 | 三峡大学 | Phosphogypsum-based vegetation blanket for rapid greening of multi-pit slope and construction method thereof |
CN113897979A (en) * | 2021-10-09 | 2022-01-07 | 三峡大学 | Vegetation concrete ecological restoration method for combination of dry spraying, wet spraying and spraying of high and steep side slope |
CN113944174A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2022-01-18 | 明达海洋工程有限公司 | Vegetation concrete ecological slope protection construction method |
CN114790751A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-07-26 | 湖北工业大学 | Fruit and mud composite ecological slope protection structure and construction method thereof |
CN114960616A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-08-30 | 湖北工业大学 | High soil slope crack repairing method and waterproof structure based on plant root system |
CN117136748A (en) * | 2023-07-27 | 2023-12-01 | 三峡大学 | Multi-pipe self-expansion filling plant-growing device and construction method |
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CN112854260A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-05-28 | 青岛理工大学 | Ecological concrete rock-soil slope protection structure and construction method |
CN113045268A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-06-29 | 河北省地质环境监测院(河北省地质灾害应急技术中心、河北省地质环境监测总站) | Plant-growing soil concrete suitable for slope ecological restoration engineering and construction method |
CN113062332A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-07-02 | 广西北投交通养护科技集团有限公司 | Vegetation concrete ecological slope protection and automatic maintenance method |
CN113330967A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-09-03 | 三峡大学 | Method for improving germination rate of rhus chinensis seeds on vegetation concrete restoration slope |
CN115233707A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2022-10-25 | 三峡大学 | Construction method of phosphogypsum-based plant-growing blanket for rapid greening of multi-pit slope surface |
CN113863333A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-12-31 | 三峡大学 | Phosphogypsum-based vegetation blanket for rapid greening of multi-pit slope and construction method thereof |
CN115233707B (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2023-08-01 | 三峡大学 | Construction method of phosphogypsum-based vegetation blanket for rapid greening of multi-pit slope |
CN113774888A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-12-10 | 广西长长路桥建设有限公司 | Sand soil subgrade improvement and slope protection construction method with low clay content |
CN113944174B (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2023-08-25 | 明达海洋工程有限公司 | Construction method for vegetation concrete ecological slope protection |
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CN114960616B (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2023-10-03 | 湖北工业大学 | High soil slope crack repairing method and waterproof structure based on plant root system |
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CN117136748B (en) * | 2023-07-27 | 2024-03-29 | 三峡大学 | Multi-pipe self-expansion filling plant-growing device and construction method |
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