JP7025147B2 - Waterside greening method and planting base - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a waterside greening method for rivers, ponds, lakes, waterways, artificial ponds, gardens, etc., and a planting base in this greening method.

In recent years, in urban areas, hydrophilic spaces have been provided in order to create urban ecosystems, suppress the heat island phenomenon, and improve landscapes, and aquatic plants are often planted around them. It is also expected that aquatic plants will purify water by immobilizing nitrogen and phosphorus, which are eutrophication factors (Non-Patent Document 1).
Generally, the soil used for plant growth has a large amount of fertilizer components, and good plant growth can be expected. However, if such soil is used near the water, it is likely to deteriorate the water quality. On the other hand, the non-soil base material having a low organic matter content does not deteriorate in water quality, but the base material is not compacted in water, and good plant growth cannot be expected.

Patent Document 1 describes a water quality conservation method in which a greening material for water quality conservation having an aquatic plant having a matted root system and a planting base material containing an inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material held in the root system is installed on a waterside construction surface. Has been proposed.
The method proposed in Patent Document 1 solves the problem of the outflow of the base material in water by promoting the growth of the root system in advance, but promotes the growth of the root system in another place in advance for several months. A period of time is required, and the shape of the waterside is also limited.

Japanese Patent No. 5554628

Yasuo Ozaki, "Development of Resource Recycling Purification System for Domestic Wastewater Using Useful Plants", Agriculture and Horticulture, 2001, Vol. 76, pp. 1107-1115

To provide a waterside greening method that does not require long-term curing in other places in advance, is easy to construct on-site, has good plant growth, and does not deteriorate water quality, and a planting base for this greening method. Make it an issue.

The means for solving the problems of the present invention are as follows.
1. 1. The process of covering the waterside construction surface with a paste containing a granular base material, a polymer-based solidifying material, and water,
The process of growing aquatic plants on the planting base where the paste is solidified,
A waterside greening method characterized by having.
2. 2. The paste is characterized by containing a hydrophilic polymer. The waterside greening method described in.
3. 3. 1. The volume ratio of soil to the entire granular base material is 10% or less. Or 2. The waterside greening method described in.
4. 1. The granular base material contains an inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material. ~ 3. The waterside greening method described in any of.
5. A planting substrate characterized in that a composition containing a granular substrate material and a polymer-based solidifying material is solidified.
6. 5. It is characterized by containing a hydrophilic polymer. The planting base described in.

The waterside greening method of the present invention does not need to prepare a mat in which the roots of aquatic plants are entwined in advance, and can be easily constructed on site. Since the planting base in the waterside greening method of the present invention can be constructed only by covering the construction surface with the paste kneaded at the site, it is possible to easily construct a large area, and the degree of design freedom is high and the design is high. High modeling is possible.
The waterside greening method of the present invention can construct a solid planting base, and aquatic plants can firmly take root in this planting base, so that the growth of aquatic plants can be promoted. The planting base constructed from a paste containing a hydrophilic polymer is easy for water to permeate, and the three-phase distribution of solid phase, liquid phase, and gas phase is maintained within an appropriate range, so that the growth of aquatic plants Can be promoted. The planting base constructed from the paste containing the inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material can effectively supply fertilizers such as nitrogen and phosphoric acid necessary for the growth of the plant to the plant, thus promoting the growth of aquatic plants. can do.
When the volume ratio of the soil to the entire granular base material is 10% or less, it is possible to prevent the nutrients contained in the soil from flowing out and causing an environmental load.

The figure which shows the growth amount of the plant height of Azesuge in Experiment 1.

The waterside greening method of the present invention includes a step of covering the waterside construction surface with a paste containing a granular base material, a polymer-based solidifying material, and water, and a step of growing aquatic plants on a planting base formed by solidifying the paste. And, characterized by having.
In the present invention, the "waterside" means a habitat of aquatic plants (more preferably, aquatic plants or wet plants), particularly a wet area at the water's edge and a shallow water area up to a depth of about 100 cm.

Hereinafter, the waterside greening method of the present invention will be described in order of process.
First, a paste containing a granular base material, a polymer-based solidifying material, and water is prepared, and the waterside construction surface is covered with this paste to construct a planting base. Since the present invention covers the construction surface with a paste, it can be painted with a trowel in the same manner as the so-called "plasterer", and a planting base with a high degree of freedom in design and a high design can be constructed.

"Granular base material"
The granular base material is the main constituent material of the planting base for planting plants.
Granular base materials include, for example, soil, sand (river sand, etc.), gravel, natural materials such as pumice (Kanuma soil, Hinata soil, etc.), planting base materials processed from volcanic rocks such as pearlite, foamed styrol waste materials, construction waste materials, and sewage. Examples thereof include artificial materials such as molten slag derived from sludge and the like, as well as inorganic ion adsorption / desorption materials. Here, in the present specification, the soil means a soil having an organic matter content of 10 wt% or more. Soil is rich in nutrients, and these nutrients may flow out and cause an environmental burden. Therefore, the volume ratio of the soil to the entire granular base material is preferably 10% or less, more preferably 5% or less, and most preferably no soil. In the present invention, the content of organic matter in the soil means the amount of weight loss after calcining the soil after absolute drying at 600 degrees.

The particle size of the granular base material is not particularly specified, but is equivalent to sand (particle size 0.074 mm to 2 mm), which is between silt (particle size 0.005 mm to 0.0074 mm) and leki (particle size 2 mm or more). Those having a particle size are preferable. For example, in the case of sand, fine sand (particle size 0.075 to 0.25 mm), medium sand (particle size 0.25 to 0.85 mm), and Kanuma soil, which is a kind of light stone, are used. If there is, it is preferable that the particle size is 2 mm or less. Further, a material having a narrow particle size distribution is preferable. When the particle size distribution is narrow, small particles are not filled by voids between the particles, so that the three-phase distribution of solid phase, liquid phase, and gas phase in the planting substrate can be within a preferable range.
As the granular base material, it is preferable to use sand and pumice in combination because it is easy to control the particle size distribution and the cost is low.

By using the inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material as a part of the granular base material, the growth of aquatic plants can be promoted. The inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material refers to an adsorbent that can adsorb inorganic ions that are useful for plant growth and can desorb and release the adsorbed inorganic ions. The inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material may be a porous material containing an inorganic ion adsorbing substance.
Examples of the inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material include an inorganic ion exchanger, and examples thereof include a nitrate ion adsorption / desorption material and a phosphate ion adsorption / desorption material. Examples of the nitrate ion desorbing material include functional charcoal such as calcium-supported charcoal, anion exchange resin and the like. Examples of the phosphate ion desorbing material include a calcined adsorbent containing tovamorite allophane and kaolin-based clay. As the inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material, different ion adsorption / desorption materials can also be used in combination.
The blending amount of the inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material is preferably 0.1% or more and 30% or less in terms of volume ratio with respect to the total amount of the granular base material. If it is less than 0.1%, the amount of inorganic ions that can be supplied will be small and the effect of improving plant growth will not be exhibited. If it is more than 30%, the effect of improving plant growth is not seen and the cost is high. The volume ratio of the inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material to the total amount of the granular base material is more preferably 1% or more and 20% or less, and most preferably 5% or more and 10% or less.

"Polymer-based solidifying material"
The polymer-based solidifying material binds the granular base materials together so that the planting base, which is constructed by solidifying the paste containing at least the granular base material and the polymer-based solidifying material, does not collapse due to the flow of water or rainfall. It is something to do. Since the planting substrate of the present invention is solidified by a polymer-based solidifying material, it does not collapse even in the rain of about 100 mm / hour. In addition, the planting base of the present invention allows the roots of aquatic plants to grow firmly, so that the entire plant is stably supported, and the aquatic plant is compared with the planting base that does not contain a polymer-based solidifying material. Can promote the growth of.

As the polymer-based solidifying material, a material having a soil hardness (Yamanaka type) of 15 mm or more and 35 mm or less after solidification and a soil hardness (Yamanaka type) of 15 mm or more and 30 mm or less when moistened after solidification can be used. can. If the soil hardness after solidification is within the above range, it is easy to dig a hole in the planting base and plant a plant seedling or the like, and the root of the plant can grow in the planting base. As the polymer-based solidifying material, for example, an acrylic resin, an epoxy resin, rosins and the like can be used. As the solidifying material, there are also inorganic solidifying materials such as asphalt, gypsum, and magnesium, but the inorganic solidifying material fills the space between the particles of the granular base material and does not allow water to permeate. Problems such as excessively strong bonds between roots, inhibition of root growth, and dissolution of harmful components in water may occur.

In the present invention, a hydrophilic polymer can be added to the paste that constructs the soil base. The soil base constructed from the paste containing the hydrophilic polymer is easier for water to permeate than the soil base constructed from the paste not containing the hydrophilic polymer, and each phase of the three-phase distribution (actual volume method). Since the difference in the values of is small, the growth of aquatic plants can be promoted.

As the hydrophilic polymer, the liquid phase ratio value (Ls (%)) of the three-phase distribution (actual volume method) after solidification of the soil is used, and the liquid phase ratio value (Lp (%)) of the paste before solidification is used. That is, a material having Lp ≦ Ls can be used, and examples thereof include a cellulosic polymer, glucan, guar gum, and gazein.
The blending amount of the hydrophilic polymer is not particularly limited as long as it is within the range satisfying the above-mentioned liquid phase ratio relationship (Lp ≦ Ls), but is usually 0.01 w / v% or more with respect to the granular base material. It is 0 w / v% or less. When the blending amount of the hydrophilic polymer is less than 0.01 w / v%, the liquid phase ratio (Ls) after solidification does not improve more than the liquid phase ratio (Lp) of the paste, and the blending amount is more than 5.0 w / v%. If it is too large, problems such as the soil hardness after solidification (Yamanaka type) becoming too soft and the cost becoming too high may occur. The blending amount of the hydrophilic polymer is more preferably 0.03 w / v% or more and 3.0 w / v% or less, and further preferably 0.05 w / v% or more and 1.0 w / v% or less. ..

The paste for constructing the soil base may be a uniform mixture of a granular base material, a polymer-based solidifying material, and optionally a hydrophilic polymer. If either or both of the polymer-based solidifying material and the hydrophilic polymer are prone to lumps, they may be mixed well with the granular base material in advance, or dissolved or dispersed in water in advance and then mixed. .. The amount of water in the paste may be within the range of having fluidity and stickiness that can be applied by plastering, and is usually 5 v / v% or more and 20 v / v% or less in volume ratio with respect to the granular base material. It is within the range.

Next, aquatic plants are grown on the planting base formed by solidifying the paste.
In the present invention, the granular base material of the planting base is bonded with a polymer-based solidifying material, but since the soil hardness is low and soft, holes can be easily dug with a metal tool or the like. Alternatively, it is possible to form a hole for planting at the time of solidification. Aquatic plants can be grown by planting seeds or seedlings of aquatic plants in the holes formed in the solidified planting base, or by kneading the seeds in the paste in advance. Furthermore, it can be left as it is just by constructing the planting base. In this case, since the surrounding aquatic plants invade the planting base and prosper over time, there is no need for the formation of holes and the cost of seeds and seedlings.

"Aquatic plants"
Aquatic plants are plants that grow in freshwater areas such as lakes, reservoirs, and rivers, wetlands, and marshes. Examples of aquatic plants include submerged plants, floating plants, floating leaves plants, water-extracted plants (waterborne plants), and wet plants. The aquatic plant used in the present invention is not limited, but aquatic plant or a wet plant is more preferable. A water-extracted plant is a plant that has roots on the bottom of the water and the lower part of the stem is underwater, but at least a part of the stem or leaves protrudes above the water. Wet plants are plants that grow in wet areas such as waterfronts, wetlands and marshes. Examples of the water-extracted plant or wet plant that can be used in the present invention include the genus Dutch Garashi, the genus Harinazuna, the genus Ayame, the genus Fusamo, the genus Sayanukagusa, the genus Suzumenohie, the genus Dojotsunagi, the genus Makomo, the genus Yoshi, the genus Omodaka, and the genus Sagimodaka. Genus, Marubaomodaka, Gama, Ukiyagara, Nevikigusa, Harii, Hotarui, Ukiazena, Shisokusa, Shobu, Kohone, Tade, Ibokusa, Tokusa, Hass, Mikuri, American Konagi Genus, genus Mizuaoi, genus Mizunira, genus Mizuwarabi, genus Mitsugashiwa, genus Kinpouge, genus Seri, genus Choujitade, genus Hishi, genus Kouhone, genus Hiyodoribana, genus Mizokakushi, genus Misohagi, genus Tentsuki, genus Gishigishi, genus Kuwagatasou , Aquatic plants such as the genus Okatranoo, but are not limited thereto. Examples of water-extracted plants or wet plants that can be used in the present invention include, but are not limited to, reed canary grass (reed canary grass), phragmites auspicus, softstem bulrush, Japanese water iris, Japanese water iris, Lobelia sessilifolia, and Zizania latifolia. do not have.

"Experiment 1"
After mixing the granular base material (sand, Kanuma soil, inorganic ion desorption material (functional charcoal)) in the amount shown in Table 1 below, the polymer-based solidifying material (acrylic) and the hydrophilic polymer (cellulose), Distilled water was mixed, mixed well, and spread on a 35 cm × 50 cm bat. After air-drying and solidifying, 6 strains of Azesuge were planted per bat, submerged together with the bat in a container filled with water, and plant growth was observed for 2 months (April to June). The soil hardness (Yamanaka formula) at the end of the experiment under the conditions 1-4 to 6 containing the polymer-based solidifying material of the present invention was about 20 mm.

Figure 1 shows the average value of plant height growth during the growing season under each condition.
Under conditions 1-1 to 3, the tip of the leaf withered and the plant height decreased, resulting in a negative value. In addition, condition 1-2 is an average value of 5 strains because 1 strain died.
Under the conditions 1-4 to 6 of the present invention, the plant grew smoothly. In particular, under the conditions 1-6 in which nitrate ions were adsorbed in advance, the plant grew significantly.
From this, it was confirmed that the growth of aquatic plants can be promoted by the planting base in which the granular base material is solidified with the polymer-based solidifying material.

"Experiment 2"
Polymer-based solidifying material (A, B, all acrylic) in the ratio shown in Table 2 below to the granular base material consisting of sand 50, Kanuma soil 25, and inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material (functional charcoal) 25 in volume ratio. And a hydrophilic polymer (C, cellulosic) were mixed and solidified, and then the three-phase distribution was measured. The three-phase distribution was measured immediately after the paste was prepared (on-site) and in the most water-retained state (pF1.5) according to the actual volume method. The soil hardness under the conditions 2-2 to 8 was in the range of 25 to 33 mm. The results are shown in Table 2.

In the three-phase distribution, it is preferable that each phase is about 30-40% and there is not much difference in the values of each phase, but conditions 2-2, 4 and 5 in which a hydrophilic polymer is not blended are liquid phases. The rate (pF1.5) was as low as about 20% or less.
On the other hand, under the conditions 2-3, 6, 7, and 8 in which the hydrophilic polymer is blended, the liquid phase ratio (pF1.5) is as high as 25% or more, and the planting base is more suitable for plant growth. It was confirmed.

Claims (6)

The process of covering the waterside construction surface with a paste containing a granular base material, a polymer-based solidifying material, and water,
The process of growing aquatic plants on a planting base where the paste is solidified and the soil hardness (Yamanaka type) is 15 mm or more and 35 mm or less.
A waterside greening method characterized by having. The waterside greening method according to claim 1, wherein the paste contains a hydrophilic polymer different from the polymer-based solidifying material contained in the paste. The waterside greening method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the volume ratio of soil to the entire granular base material is 10% or less. The waterside greening method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the granular base material contains an inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material. A planting substrate characterized in that a composition containing a granular substrate material and a polymer-based solidifying material is solidified and the soil hardness (Yamanaka type) is 15 mm or more and 35 mm or less. The planting substrate according to claim 5, further comprising a hydrophilic polymer different from the polymer-based solidifying material contained in the composition .

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