CN110820796A - Construction method of ecological gabion retaining wall - Google Patents
Construction method of ecological gabion retaining wall Download PDFInfo
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- CN110820796A CN110820796A CN201911013622.7A CN201911013622A CN110820796A CN 110820796 A CN110820796 A CN 110820796A CN 201911013622 A CN201911013622 A CN 201911013622A CN 110820796 A CN110820796 A CN 110820796A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/17—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing slag
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0208—Gabions
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0258—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features
- E02D29/0283—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features of mixed type
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method of an ecological gabion retaining wall, which is characterized in that a gabion net is filled with slag rubbles with the diameter of 200-500 mm, and ecological mixed soil slurry prepared from the slag rubbles, mixed soil, vermiculite, seaweed powder, plant ash, plant paper ribs, mixed seeds, water and the like is vibrated and filled in the gaps of the slag rubbles by a vibrating rod to densely construct the retaining wall. The construction efficiency of the retaining wall can be improved by adopting the flowable ecological mixed clay slurry for mechanical treatment, the traditional manual construction problem is effectively solved, and the construction period is shortened by 2/3; and the connection viscosity is ensured, the bonding effect is improved by 1-2 times, so that the water and soil loss is prevented, the water and soil loss rate is about 0.02%, and meanwhile, the ecological mixed slurry provides sufficient nutrient components for seeds, thus being beneficial to plant growth and forming the ecological green retaining wall.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology of a gabion retaining wall, in particular to a construction method of an ecological gabion retaining wall.
Background
At present, retaining walls are needed to be adopted to protect the slope of a plurality of existing country roads, such as original country roads of the marathon ecological corridor engineering in Huanning county of Anhui province and the like, because the height difference between the two sides of the country roads and farmlands is too large. If the traditional concrete (reinforced concrete) retaining wall, rubble retaining wall soil wall and anchor rod concrete retaining wall are adopted to carry out slope protection, the construction process is complex, the processes are multiple, the construction period is long, the construction cost is high, and the method belongs to the hard landscape engineering, so that the existing retaining wall mainly adopts a gabion net to fill stones to achieve the effects of low construction cost and simple construction. However, the retaining wall has the problems of being more obtrusive in sense and incompatible with the wind and light of rural farmlands, and fails to embody the ecological and environment-friendly construction concept. Therefore, vegetation planting is carried out on the exposed surface of the retaining wall to ensure the sense organ softness of the retaining wall and form a green ecological retaining wall, so that the retaining wall is coordinated with the wind and light of rural farmlands to embody ecology and environmental protection.
However, since the retaining wall of the gabion mesh is mainly filled with stones, which is not favorable for the rooting and growth of vegetation, planting soil needs to be mixed in the stones for planting vegetation. However, the retaining wall is formed by mixing stones and planting soil and mainly comprises stones, the planting soil and the stones cannot be well agglomerated by vegetation root systems, and the water locking performance and the connection performance of the retaining wall are poor. And the height difference of the side slope leads rainwater to be washed from top to bottom, so that soil on the inner side of the retaining wall is easy to lose, roots of plant roots are exposed and can not be fixed, and the plant roots and the plant seeds need to be repeatedly added into the retaining wall for reconstruction and maintenance.
Cement mortar is mixed into soil in the existing gabion retaining wall, and the erosion effect is reduced after the planting soil is hardened to a certain degree by utilizing the adhesion effect of the cement, so that the loss of water and soil is reduced. However, the use of cement alters the pH of the overall planting matrix and hardened soils are also not conducive to or even inhibit plant growth. And because the structural factor of gabion, cement mortar can only be processed with the stone by adopting the mode of manual piling, the processing efficiency is low, the labor intensity is high, and the time consumption is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a construction method of an ecological gabion retaining wall.
A construction method of an ecological gabion retaining wall is carried out according to the following specific planting steps:
(1) excavating retaining wall foundation grooves at the joint of a road and a farmland or a low-lying land and leveling the land;
(2) the construction section with the length of 200m each time is used for installing and fixing the gabion, and a detachable template is installed on the outer side of the retaining wall;
(3) filling slag rubbles with the diameter of 200mm-500mm into the excavator, and mechanically backfilling soil on the inner side of the retaining wall close to the road;
(4) preparing ecological mixed clay slurry according to the following components in percentage by weight: 350KG of slag stone 310-containing material with the particle size of 10-40mm, 330KG of mixed soil 300-containing material, 15-30KG of plant ash, 2.5-4.5KG of vermiculite, 3-6KG of rice husk, 6-20KG of seaweed powder, 1-4KG of plant paper ribs, 210KG of water 140-containing material and 15-25KG of mixed seeds; firstly, putting the materials into a stirrer according to the following sequence: slag stone, mixed planting soil, seaweed powder, paper ribs and water are added, then a mixture consisting of plant ash, vermiculite and rice husk is added, and the mixture is stirred for 3-5 minutes until the mixed soil slurry is uniformly stirred;
(5) grouting the ecological mixed clay slurry into a gabion, and vibrating the clay slurry for 2-3 minutes by using a vibrating rod to ensure that the ecological mixed clay slurry is tightly filled in a slag slate gap;
(6) after the top cover of the gabion is bound and fixed, continuously pouring and tamping ecological mixed soil slurry with the thickness of 50-100mm at the top of the gabion wall;
(7) and (4) removing the template after the retaining wall is cast and pounded for 4 hours, covering non-woven fabrics on the top and the outer side of the retaining wall, and maintaining for 30-50 days by adopting automatic drip irrigation.
The mixed soil is red loam, and the weight ratio of the mixed soil to the red loam is 2: 1 is formed after being uniformly mixed with slag soil.
The broken stone is slag stone.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the ecological mixed clay slurry prepared from mixed soil, vermiculite, seaweed powder, plant ash, plant paper ribs, mixed seeds and water is used for manufacturing the gabion retaining wall, the ecological mixed clay slurry can be mixed in a mechanical stirring processing mode, and is filled in a vibrating mode of a vibrating rod, so that the defect that the traditional cement mortar processing needs to be manually piled layer by layer is effectively overcome, the construction efficiency is improved, the processing time is shortened, the manual input is reduced, the mechanical construction effect is achieved, the all-weather construction requirement is met, the defects of low efficiency, large weather influence, unstable quality, long construction period, high manufacturing cost and the like in the manual building of the traditional rubble retaining wall are better overcome, and the construction period is shortened by 2/3.
Bonding effect: the method adopts acidic and sticky red loam as an ecological binder of the gabion, can properly bind slag stones and other substances through the sticky texture performance, and adds water to enable the materials to have fluidity so as to facilitate mechanical stirring and vibration construction; the use of the paper ribs and the seaweed meal is combined to form sticky colloid, so that the sticky property of the ecological mixed clay slurry is enhanced, and the bonding force and the connection effect are improved; the seaweed powder and the paper ribs are mixed to form a spatial three-dimensional film-forming property, the seaweed powder and the paper ribs are coated and agglomerated to form a whole, the connection strength and the consistency of the seaweed powder are improved, the connection toughness is improved, the bonding effect is improved by 1-2 times, and therefore water and soil loss is prevented, and the water and soil loss rate is about 0.02%; and it can have the effect of locking water and keeping moisture, and achieve the effect of cracking resistance of hardened soil.
Acid-base performance: the acidic property of the laterite is not beneficial to plant growth, and the acid-base property of the laterite can be effectively neutralized by combining vermiculite with good cation exchange property and plant ash which is light and alkalescent. While the plant ash can quickly neutralize the pH value of the laterite, the vermiculite with the caching performance can block the rapid change of the pH value, and the neutralization effect is gradually performed by combining the plant ash and the vermiculite, so that the continuous proper effect is achieved, and the stability of the pH value of the soil is improved.
Air permeability and water retention: the porosity of the ecological mixed soil slurry can be greatly improved by mixing and adding the rice husks, the plant paper ribs and the vermiculite, the micelle formed after the spatial support and decomposition of the rice husks can agglomerate soil particles, the vermiculite water-absorbing expansion filling can provide enough gaps and natural three-dimensional gaps after the plant paper ribs are rotted, the soil can be prevented from hardening, the gaps for the growth of plant roots are provided, the water-retaining capacity and the looseness are improved, the plant seed development and the plant growth are facilitated, and the water-supplying gaps and the water-retaining capacity are provided for the plant seed development and the plant growth; rice husk and the not unidimensional size vegetable fibre's of plant paper muscle cooperation can increase the tensile strength that retaining wall connects and improve stability ability to vermiculite that has water storage soil moisture conservation improves the gas permeability and the water content of soil, and the rice husk can slow down the infiltration and the evaporation of moisture, and then can continuously provide moisture for the vegetation, ensures the growing environment of vegetation.
Sufficiency and maintenance of soil fertility: the waste slag soil resource is fully utilized by mixing the slag soil, the laterite, the plant ash, the vermiculite and the paper-reinforced rice husk, the matching uniformity of coarse and fine aggregates of the soil is improved, comprehensive fertilizers such as various trace elements and metal minerals can be provided, the soil nutrition is greatly influenced, the seed cultivation is facilitated, the growth of plant roots and the stable development of seedlings can be effectively promoted, the growth of herbaceous plants and shrub plants is facilitated, the vermiculite can enable the fertilizer to be slowly released in crop growth media, the required moisture and nutrition are continuously and stably provided for vegetation growth for a long time, and the plant growth is promoted.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention will be described in further detail below by way of an engineering case for facilitating understanding of those skilled in the art, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The construction method of the ecological gabion retaining wall for the slope support of the country road in the marathon ecological corridor engineering in the shaoxing demonstration area of the single county, Huanning, Anhui, which starts construction in 2018 and starts in 10 months, comprises the following specific planting steps:
(1) excavating a retaining wall foundation groove at the joint of the road and the farmland and leveling the field;
(2) the construction section with the length of 200m each time is used for installing and fixing the gabion, and a detachable template is installed on the outer side of the retaining wall;
(3) filling slag rubbles with the diameter of 200mm-500mm in the gabion by adopting an excavator, and mechanically backfilling soil on the inner side of the retaining wall close to the road;
(4) preparing mixed seeds from the following plant seeds in percentage by weight: 3 of amorpha fruticosa, 10 of tall fescue rhizome, 2 of bermuda grass, 2.2 of Chinese globeflower herb and 2.5 of Chinese starjasmine stem, and putting the mixed seeds into a fiber bag after being prepared, and soaking the mixture for 12 to 24 hours in warm water at the temperature of between 15 and 30 ℃.
(5) Preparing ecological mixed clay slurry according to the following components in percentage by weight: slag stone 310-350KG with the grain diameter of 10-40mm, red loam according to the proportion of 2: 1, uniformly doping slag soil to form mixed soil 315KG, plant ash 25KG, vermiculite 3.5KG, rice hull 5KG, sea vegetable powder 12KG, plant paper reinforcement 2.5KG, water 185KG and mixed seeds 20 KG; putting into a stirrer according to the following sequence: slag stone, mixed planting soil, seaweed powder, paper ribs and water are added, then a mixture consisting of plant ash, vermiculite and rice hulls is added, and the mixture is stirred for 3 to 5 minutes until the mixture is uniformly stirred;
(6) grouting the ecological mixed clay slurry into a gabion, and vibrating the clay slurry for 2-3 minutes by using a vibrating rod to ensure that the ecological mixed clay slurry is tightly filled in a slag slate gap;
(7) after the top cover of the gabion is bound and fixed, continuously pouring and tamping ecological mixed soil slurry with the thickness of 50-100mm at the top of the gabion wall;
(8) and (4) removing the template after the retaining wall is cast and pounded for 4 hours, covering non-woven fabrics on the top and the outer side of the retaining wall, and maintaining for 30-50 days by adopting automatic drip irrigation.
Ecological corridor engineering adopts ecological mixed clay slurry to cooperate with construction to manufacture the gabion retaining wall, so as to achieve mechanized construction treatment, ensure all-weather construction, improve the whole construction efficiency, improve the efficiency and shorten the construction period by 2/3; reduces the labor investment, lowers the construction cost and obtains better social economic benefits and environmental benefits.
The seaweed powder and the paper reinforcement with a certain mixing proportion are added into the ecological mixed soil slurry, compared with the common mixed soil slurry, the bonding effect is improved by 1-2 times, so that the bonding effect of the whole gabion retaining wall is improved, no crack phenomenon occurs, and compared with cement sand soil, the gabion retaining wall can not cause hardening to block vegetation and provide sufficient nutrient components. The soil loss rate of the common dry-masonry rubble retaining wall revetment is about 5%, and the soil loss is continuously increased along with the time extension. The water and soil loss rate of the common rubble gabion net retaining wall is about 7 percent, the soil loss rate of partial weak parts is up to 15 percent, and the collapse phenomenon occurs. After the ecological corridor engineering adopts the ecological gabion retaining wall, the soil loss is reduced by over 99 percent due to the combination of engineering measures and plant measures. Along with the rooting of plants in the ecological retaining wall, the water and soil loss rate of the Anhui Huanning marathon ecological corridor engineering is about 0.02 percent, along with the prolonging of time, the soil loss rate is lower and lower, the overall prevention and control effect of water and soil loss is good, the plant seeds are uniformly distributed, the germination rate is high, and the seeds basically have no loss.
The plant variety and the seeds adopted by the invention fully consider the severe drought in 7-9 months and the severe weather condition of snowing in winter at the location of the project. This patent seed ratio adopts warm season type and cold season type seed to mix, and grass bush plant collocation fully chooses for use the cold-resistant drought-enduring plants of high, the flourishing root system of plant germination rate, the autotransplanting ability of roots such as cynodon dactylon, amorpha fruticosa, trachelospermi caulis, guarantees that the plant plays solid soil and keeps water, and the advantage is complementary.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A construction method of an ecological gabion retaining wall is carried out according to the following specific construction steps:
(1) excavating retaining wall foundation grooves at the joint of a road and a farmland or a low-lying land and leveling the land;
(2) the construction section with the length of 200m each time is used for installing and fixing the gabion, and a detachable template is installed on the outer side of the retaining wall;
(3) filling slag rubbles with the diameter of 200mm-500mm into the excavator, and mechanically backfilling soil on the inner side of the retaining wall close to the road;
the method is characterized in that:
(4) preparing ecological mixed clay slurry according to the following components in percentage by weight: 350KG of slag stone 310-containing material with the particle size of 10-40mm, 330KG of mixed soil 300-containing material, 15-30KG of plant ash, 2.5-4.5KG of vermiculite, 3-6KG of rice husk, 6-20KG of seaweed powder, 1-4KG of plant paper ribs, 210KG of water 140-containing material and 15-25KG of mixed seeds; firstly, putting the materials into a stirrer according to the following sequence: slag stone, mixed planting soil, seaweed powder, paper ribs and water are added, then a mixture consisting of plant ash, vermiculite and rice husk is added, and the mixture is stirred for 3 to 5 minutes until the ecological mixed soil slurry is uniformly stirred;
(5) grouting the ecological mixed clay slurry into a gabion, and vibrating the clay slurry for 2-3 minutes by using a vibrating rod to ensure that the ecological mixed clay slurry is tightly filled in a slag slate gap;
(6) after the top cover of the gabion is bound and fixed, continuously pouring and tamping ecological mixed soil slurry with the thickness of 50-100mm at the top of the gabion wall;
(7) and (4) removing the template after the retaining wall is cast and pounded for 4 hours, covering non-woven fabrics on the top and the outer side of the retaining wall, and maintaining for 30-50 days by adopting automatic drip irrigation.
2. The construction method of an ecological gabion retaining wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mixed soil is red loam, and the weight ratio of the mixed soil to the red loam is 2: 1 is formed after being uniformly mixed with slag soil.
3. The construction method of an ecological gabion retaining wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: the broken stone is slag stone.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112663821A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-04-16 | 张家港江苏科技大学产业技术研究院 | Novel steel slag-containing vegetation concrete composite wall and construction method |
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Inventor after: Huang Jianming Inventor after: Wu Zhiyong Inventor after: Chi Yuya Inventor after: Xie Chaoxia Inventor after: Zhuang Yanping Inventor after: Huang Shiting Inventor before: Huang Jianming Inventor before: Wu Zhiyong Inventor before: Chi Yuya Inventor before: Xie Chaoxia Inventor before: Zhuang Yanping Inventor before: Huang Shiting |
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Application publication date: 20200221 |