JP2004254570A - Vegetation method and plant raising base material - Google Patents

Vegetation method and plant raising base material Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004254570A
JP2004254570A JP2003048142A JP2003048142A JP2004254570A JP 2004254570 A JP2004254570 A JP 2004254570A JP 2003048142 A JP2003048142 A JP 2003048142A JP 2003048142 A JP2003048142 A JP 2003048142A JP 2004254570 A JP2004254570 A JP 2004254570A
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plant
base material
greening
seaweed
plant growing
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JP3521428B1 (en
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Takashi Tamaki
尚 田巻
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OYANAGI KENSETSU KK
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OYANAGI KENSETSU KK
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vegetation method having excellent vegetation effect, by which food by-products are effectively used. <P>SOLUTION: The plant raising base material 1 comprises a marine alga residue material obtained after extraction of agar component from marine algae. The plant raising base materials 1 are arranged in a layer state on a slope 11 to form a plant raising base 12. In agar production, the marine alga residue material from which an agar component is extracted and which is treated for disposal is used for vegetation, a nutrient contained in the marine alga residue material promotes plant raising and the plant raising base is provided with water holding property by the marine alga residue material. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明が属する技術分野】
本発明は緑化工法と植物育成基盤材に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、この種の緑化工法に用いる緑化基盤材として、用土、肥料等を主材とし、通常、肥料として有機質配合肥料、緩効性窒素入り肥料、その他遅効性肥料等が用いられ、土壌改良材、微生物、植生成長ホルモン、あるいは堆肥類を必要に応じ添加し、用土としては現地発生土を使用し、不適な場合は他から搬入し、用土は基準の粒度分布を満足し、有害な雑物や有機不純物を含まないものが用いられる(例えば特許文献1)。また、基盤材として、ピースモス、バーク堆肥などの有機質資材を用い、有機質資材以外の基盤材料(土壌系、砂質土系、その他リサイクル資材等)を用いる場合がある(例えば特許文献2)。
【0003】
一方、工事に伴い発生する抜根材をチップ化し、このチップ化したチップ材を大型チップ材と根圏土壌を含む小型チップ材とに分別し、前記大型チップ材を乾燥した後炭化処理を行い、この炭化処理した炭化物を前記法面の造成工事により形成した法面基盤層の上に炭化層として所定の層厚に形成し、前記根圏土壌を含む小型チップ材を前記炭化層の上に植物の育成に適した土壌に形成した植物育成基盤材料に混合して植物育成基盤層として所定の層厚に形成する法面緑化工法がある(例えば特許文献3)。また、現地表土、団粒化剤、水、木材チップを混合して、この混合物を吐出口に開閉手段を備えたホッパーに投入し、このホッパーを自走車に装備のクレーンに吊り下げて、ホッパー吐出口を通して混合物を緑化工の施工法面に撒き出す法面の緑化工法がある(例えば特許文献4)。
【0004】
さらに、造成法面にチップ受けを設置する工程と、伐採材チップを繊維状チップに破砕する工程と、破砕した繊維状チップを堆積する工程と、前記繊維状チップを造成法面に吹き付けて繊維状チップ層を形成する工程と、繊維状チップ層の上面または下面の少なくとも1面に種子・肥料層を吹き付ける工程とを備える伐採材による法面の保護及び緑化工法(例えば特許文献5)があり、長さ15cm、直径1cm以内の繊維状に破砕した伐採材チップを3ヶ月以上堆積し、樹木が持つ緑化有害物(ヒノキチオールに代表される抗菌成分等)を取り除いた繊維状チップ層3を、厚さ3〜5cm程度で法面1にまで敷き均すか又はエアにて吹き付ける。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特開平6−237606号公報(段落0012段)
【特許文献2】
特開2001−161116号公報(段落0016段)
【特許文献3】
特開平11−196664号公報(段落0009段)
【特許文献4】
特開2001−98775号(段落0011段)
【特許文献5】
特開2002−227210号(段落0009段)
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記各緑化工法においては、植物の育成を図るため、基盤材に各種肥料や微生物などを混合して使用しており、バーク堆肥やピートモスなどの人工の有機客土を主材に用いると原料コストが高くなるという問題がある。このため原料コストの削減が可能で緑化効果に優れた基盤材の開発が望まれている。
【0007】
ところで、上記特許文献3では基盤材に小型チップを用い、特許文献4では基盤材に木材チップを用いているが、いずれも乾燥や堆肥化などの処理をせずにその木材チップをそのまま使用すると、特許文献5にあるように緑化有害物などの影響を受けて緑化が進まず、緑化に長期間を要するため、緑化基盤材に未処理の木材チップを多量に用いることができないという問題がある。
【0008】
そこで、本発明は、食品副産物を有効利用して基盤材の原料コストの削減を図り、緑化効果に優れた緑化工法と植物育成基盤材を提供することを目的とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1の緑化工法は、緑化施工面に植物の育成に適した植物育成基盤を設ける緑化工法において、海藻から寒天成分を抽出した海藻残渣物を混合した植物育成基盤材を形成し、この植物育成基盤材を前記緑化施工面に層状に設ける工法である。
【0010】
この請求項1の構成によれば、寒天製造において、寒天成分が抽出され、廃棄処分となる海藻残渣物を緑化に利用することができ、しかも、前記海藻残渣物に含まれる栄養素が植物の育成を促し、また、海藻残渣物により植物育成基盤に保水性を与えることができる。このように食品副産物を有効利用して基盤材の原料コストの削減と食品副産物のリサイクル化が可能となる。
【0011】
また、請求項2の緑化工法は、前記植物育成基盤材に木質チップを混合した工法である。
【0012】
この請求項2の構成によれば、木質チップ自体は栄養価が低いから、海藻残渣物に含まれる栄養素を木質チップに補給することにより、木質チップの堆肥化が可能となり、緑化に適した植物育成基盤材が得られる。
【0013】
さらに、請求項3の緑化工法は、前記植物育成基盤材に汚泥発酵肥料と有効微生物とを混合した工法である。
【0014】
この請求項3の構成によれば、海藻残渣物の栄養素と汚泥発酵肥料と有効微生物との組み合わせにより、生木あるいは生木に近い状態の木質チップであっても、該木質チップを多量に含む混合物を植物育成基盤とすることができ、施工が簡易にして緑化効果に優れたものが得られる。
【0015】
請求項4の植物育成基盤材は、緑化施工面に層状に設けて植物の育成に適した植物育成基盤を形成する植物育成基盤材において、海藻から寒天成分を抽出した海藻残渣物を混合したものである。
【0016】
この請求項4の構成によれば、寒天製造において、寒天成分が抽出され、廃棄処分となる海藻残渣物を利用することにより、基盤材の材料費の削減を図り、しかも、海藻残渣物に含まれる栄養素が植物の育成を促すとともに、混合した海藻残渣物により保水性を備えた植物育成基盤材が得られる。
【0017】
【発明の実施形態】
図1〜図3は本発明の第1実施形態を示し、同図に示すように、本発明では、植物育成基盤材1に海藻残渣物を用い、この海藻残渣物は、寒天の製造時に発生する副産物であり、すなわち、寒天製造において、オゴノリ、天草、オバクサ等の紅藻類の海藻を寒天の原料とし、この原料を水洗いし、煮熟して熱水中に寒天成分を抽出し、これを濾過して残った海藻残渣物を用い、この海藻残渣物はミネラル分を含有するとともに、海藻残渣物が保水性を有するため、これを混合することにより基盤材1に保水性を付与することができる。
【0018】
また、植物育成基盤材1に、建築土木工事などの現場で伐採した伐採材、間伐材、流木などの植物資材を植物育成用基盤の主材料として用い、法面の施工においては、該法面の造成により発生した伐採材などを植物資材として用いる。前記植物資材としては、伐採材、間伐材、流木、剪定材、末木枝条などが例示される。尚、伐採材には除根材(地中から抜いた根の部分)も含む。また、植物資材として建築物より発生する木質の廃材を用いることもできる。
【0019】
本発明では、前記植物資材に乾燥処理や堆肥化処理を施すことなく、該植物資材を粉砕して木質チップを形成(チップ加工)する。そして、木質チップは、好ましくは、長さ150ミリ以下で直径が25ミリ以下のものを用いる。
【0020】
さらに、植物育成基盤材1には、汚泥発酵肥料と有効微生物とを混合する。前記汚泥発酵肥料は、下水などの汚泥を発酵させ、肥料化したものであり、下水道終末処理場の汚泥や、これに植物質又は動物質の原料を混合したものを微生物処理して得られる肥料を用いる。また、下水の汚泥以外に、し尿処理施設及び農業集落排水処理施設の汚泥や浄化層汚泥など各種の汚泥を発酵したものを用いることができる。
【0021】
前記有効微生物は、前記木質チップの堆肥化に効果のある微生物が用いられ、例えば乳酸菌,酵母菌,放線菌,アゾトバクター,光合成細菌,EM菌やアガリエ菌などがある。また、これら有効微生物はいわゆるぼかし肥として供給することができ、ぼかし肥は遅効性肥料である。
【0022】
そして、前記木質チップと前記海藻残渣物と前記汚泥発酵肥料と前記ぼかし肥とを混合して植物育成基盤材1を形成する。また、植物育成基盤材1に少量の結合材を混合することにより、緑化施工面たる法面11に吹付けた植物育成基盤材1を該法面11の斜面に接合する役目を果たす。また、植物育成基盤材1に種子を混合することができる。
【0023】
法面11を造成する場合は、土を削って形成する切土法面、盛土法面のいずれでも良く、造成現場で植物資材が発生する場合はこれを木質チップとして植物育成基盤材1に使用する。本発明では、植物育成基盤材1を法面11に吹付けて植物育成基盤材1の層からなる植物育成基盤12を形成するため、好ましくは、吹付け前の法面11にラス金網や有機ネットなどの定着用網体13とアンカーピンなどのアンカー部材14を設置しておく。
【0024】
21はモルタルコンクリート吹付け機などの吹付け機であり、コンプレッサーなどの動力発生装置22と吹付け装置本体23とを備え、この吹付け装置本体23にホース24を接続し、そのホース24の先端に吹付けノズル25が設けられ、さらに、ミキシングホッパーなどの混合機26を備え、この混合機26により混合された混合物1は、コンベヤ27により前記吹付け装置本体23に供給され、ホース24内を圧送されて吹付けノズル25から法面11に吹き付けられる。
【0025】
次に、図1を用いて緑化工法の手順を説明すると、法面11を造成する場合は、該造成に伴い、伐採などにより発生した植物資材を集積(S1)し、その植物資材を現場でチップ加工(S2)して木質チップを形成する。この木質チップに、海藻ミネラルを含む前記海藻残渣物と、前記汚泥発酵肥料と、前記有効微生物を含む前記ぼかし肥と、前記結合材と、前記種子とを混合(S3)し、得られた植物育成基盤材1を吹付け機21により前記法面11に吹き付け(S4)、植物育成基盤材1を層状に形成した植物育成基盤12を形成する。尚、別の現場で発生した植物資材を、緑化を行う現場に搬入して木質チップに加工しても良いし、別の現場で発生した植物資材を木質チップに加工した後、緑化を行う現場に搬入しても良いし、工場で加工した木質チップを緑化を行う現場に搬入しても良い。
【0026】
このようにして形成した法面緑化構造においては、植物資材の乾燥処理や堆肥化処理を行う必要がないため、現場で発生した植物資材をチップ化してそのまま使用することができ、このため生木あるいは生木の状態に近い木質チップに海藻ミネラルと汚泥発酵肥料を混合して堆肥化に必要な栄養価を付与することにより緑化に適したものとなり、また、極めて簡易な工法を用いるため、植物資材をチップ化する費用を合わせても従来工法と近いコストで施工を行うことができる。
この場合、現場発生の植物資材を用いることにより、置き場又は産業廃棄物処理が不要になるというコスト面のメリットもある。また、使用する海藻残渣物は、従来は寒天の製造過程で発生する副産物であるため、廃棄されており、このように寒天成分を抽出した後の海藻残渣物であっても、ミネラルなどの栄養素を多く含み、保水性、粘性を有するため、その栄養素により微生物の活動を活発化して木質チップの堆肥化を促進し、その保水性により斜面である法面11での植物育成基盤12の保水性を確保でき、その粘性により植物育成基盤12の飛散流出を防止できる。また、ぼかし肥などにより供給した有効微生物は、自然農法又は自然農業などで活用されているものであるから、自然に適し、法面11の植生活性化と安定を保つ役目をなす。そして、その植物育成基盤12は、ぼかし肥の活用により自然農法又は自然農業の長所を取り入れ、現場発生の植物資材を用いれば、現場廃材などの発生を防止し、海藻残渣物を用いることにより食品廃棄物の有効利用が図られ、さらに、汚泥発酵肥料を用いることにより下水事業の廃棄物を活用したものとなり、本緑化工法は、リサイクルシステムとして極めて高い効果を得ることができる。
【0027】
また、植物育成基盤材1の他の特徴構成として、植物育成基盤材1には現場発生土や客土などの土を混合せずに、主材として木質チップを用いる点である。もちろん、除根材などに付着した分の土は植物育成基盤材1に混合されるが、別途に土を混合する場合も木質チップの容量に比べて極めて少量である。植物育成基盤材1に対して、木質チップを木質チップを5〜95重量%使用する。
【0028】
実験例
本発明による配合1では、伐採材などの生木をチップ化した木質チップを1m用い、木質チップの大きさは25ミリ以下とした。木質チップに、寒天製造により発生した海藻残渣物を25kg、下水汚泥を発酵した汚泥発酵肥料を50kg、土着微生物ぼかし肥を12.5kg、結合材4kgを混合した。また、種子として、トールフェスク、クリーピングレッドフェスク、ケンタッキーブルーグラス、よもぎ、めどはぎ、やまはぎ、いたちはぎを、合計0.94kg混合した。
【0029】
比較例として配合2では、配合1に対して、海藻残渣物、汚泥発酵肥料及びぼかし肥を用いないものとし、すなわち、木質チップ1mと結合材4kgと種子0.94kgとを混合した。
【0030】
上記配合1,2の混合物を、図3に示すように、勾配1:0.6、土壌pH7.27で粘土質の法面11に吹付けて層状に形成し、法面11を幅方向に区画した2つの区画H1,H2に、それぞれ配合1,配合2の混合物を吹付けた。したがって、区画H1には、本発明の植物育成基盤12が設けられている。
【0031】
この結果を下記の表1に示す。尚、試験は秋季に行った。
【0032】
【表1】

Figure 2004254570
【0033】
両区画H1,H2とも吹付けの5〜10日後に発芽した。表1のように、24日後には、区画H1の育成が良好であるのに対し、区画H2の成長に衰えが見られてきた。38日後、区画H1に比べて区画H2は明らかに生育が遅延し、配合2では栄養素が不足しているためと思われる。49日後、区画H1のイネ科植物の分げつ、密植が進み、この後、新たな発芽はほとんどなく、表1のように植物の背丈で大きな差が発生し、区画H2では分げつが進まず、法面表面が露出した状態となった。尚、図3では49日後の状態を図示している。このように海藻残渣物と汚泥発酵肥料とぼかし肥とを木質チップに混合することにより緑化効果に優れた法面構造を得ることが判った。
【0034】
このように本実施形態では、請求項1に対応して、緑化施工面たる法面11に植物の育成に適した植物育成基盤12を設ける緑化工法において、海藻から寒天成分を抽出した海藻残渣物を混合した植物育成基盤材1を形成し、この植物育成基盤材1を法面11に層状に設けるから、寒天製造において、寒天成分が抽出され、廃棄処分となる海藻残渣物を緑化に利用することができ、しかも、前記海藻残渣物に含まれる栄養素が植物の育成を促し、また、海藻残渣物により植物育成基盤12に保水性を与えることができる。
【0035】
また、このように本実施形態では、請求項2に対応して、植物育成基盤材1に木質チップを混合したから、木質チップ自体は栄養価が低いから、海藻残渣物に含まれる栄養素を木質チップに補給することにより、木質チップの堆肥化が可能となり、緑化に適した植物育成基盤材1が得られる。
【0036】
さらに、このように本実施形態では、請求項3に対応して、植物育成基盤材1に汚泥発酵肥料と有効微生物とを混合したから、海藻残渣物の栄養素と汚泥発酵肥料と有効微生物との組み合わせにより、生木あるいは生木に近い状態の木質チップであっても、該木質チップを多量に含む植物育成基盤材1を植物育成基盤12とすることができ、施工が簡易にして緑化効果に優れたものが得られる。
【0037】
このように本実施形態では、請求項4に対応して、緑化施工面たる法面11に層状に設けて植物の育成に適した植物育成基盤12を形成する植物育成基盤材1において、海藻から寒天成分を抽出した海藻残渣物を混合したから、寒天製造において、寒天成分が抽出され、廃棄処分となる海藻残渣物を植物育成基盤材1に利用することにより、植物育成基盤材1の材料費の削減を図り、しかも、海藻残渣物に含まれる栄養素が植物の育成を促すとともに、混合した海藻残渣物により保水性を備えた植物育成基盤材1が得られる。
【0038】
また、実施形態上の効果として、植物資材が建設現場である法面造成現場で発生した伐採材であるから、建設現場で発生した伐採材を乾燥処理や堆肥化処理することなく、そのまま木質チップに加工して利用することができる。また、植物育成基盤材1を法面11に吹き付けて層状に設けるから、吹き付けにより、法面11に植物育成基盤12を簡便に形成することができる。
【0039】
図4は本発明の第2実施形態を示し、植物育成基盤材1Aは、結合材を混合しない以外は第1実施形態の植物育成基盤材と同一構成である。また、緑化施工面31は傾斜のない平地で、荒地や砂地などであり、施工においては、植物育成基盤材1Aを緑化施工面31に敷き均したり、吹き付けたりして植物育成基盤32を形成する。そして、この例のように緑化施工面31が平地の場合は、植物育成基盤材1Aに必ずしも結合材を混合する必要はない。
【0040】
このように本実施形態では、請求項1に対応して、緑化施工面31に植物の育成に適した植物育成基盤32を設ける緑化工法において、海藻から寒天成分を抽出した海藻残渣物を混合した植物育成基盤材1Aを形成し、この植物育成基盤材1Aを緑化施工面31に層状に設けるから、寒天製造において、寒天成分が抽出され、廃棄処分となる海藻残渣物を緑化に利用することができ、しかも、前記海藻残渣物に含まれる栄養素が植物の育成を促し、また、海藻残渣物により植物育成基盤32に保水性を与えることができる。
【0041】
また、植物育成基盤材1Aに木質チップと汚泥発酵肥料と有効微生物とを混合するから、請求項2及び3に対応して、上記第1実施形態と同様な作用効果を奏する。
【0042】
このように本実施形態では、請求項4に対応して、緑化施工面31に層状に設けて植物の育成に適した植物育成基盤32を形成する植物育成基盤材1Aにおいて、海藻から寒天成分を抽出した海藻残渣物を混合したから、寒天製造において、寒天成分が抽出され、廃棄処分となる海藻残渣物を植物育成基盤材1Aに利用することにより、材料費の削減を図り、しかも、海藻残渣物に含まれる栄養素が植物の育成を促すとともに、混合した海藻残渣物により保水性を備えた植物育成基盤材1Aが得られる。
【0043】
図5は本発明の第3実施形態を示し、植物育成基盤材1Bは、現場発生土や客土などの土を主材41とし、この主材41に海藻残渣物と種子を混合し、緑化施工面31に層状に設けて所定厚さの植物育成基盤32を形成する。また、前記植物育成基盤材1Bには必要に応じて肥料を混合する。そして、緑化施工面31は傾斜のない平地で、荒地や砂地などであり、施工においては、植物育成基盤材1Bを緑化施工面31に敷き均したり、吹き付けたりして植物育成基盤32を形成する。
【0044】
このようにして植物育成基盤材1Bに混合した海藻残渣物は、従来は寒天の製造過程で発生する副産物であり、廃棄されており、このように寒天成分を抽出した後の海藻残渣物であっても、ミネラルなどの栄養素を多く含み、保水性、粘性を有するため、その栄養素により微生物の活動を活発化して緑化を促進し、その保水性により植物育成基盤32の保水性を確保でき、その粘性により植物育成基盤32の飛散流出を防止できる。
【0045】
このように本実施形態では、請求項1に対応して、緑化施工面31に植物の育成に適した植物育成基盤32を設ける緑化工法において、海藻から寒天成分を抽出した海藻残渣物を混合した植物育成基盤材1Bを形成し、この植物育成基盤材1Bを緑化施工面31に層状に設けるから、寒天製造において、寒天成分が抽出され、廃棄処分となる海藻残渣物を緑化に利用することができ、しかも、前記海藻残渣物に含まれる栄養素が植物の育成を促し、また、海藻残渣物により植物育成基盤3に保水性を与えることができる。
【0046】
このように本実施形態では、請求項4に対応して、緑化施工面31に層状に設けて植物の育成に適した植物育成基盤32を形成する植物育成基盤材1Bにおいて、海藻から寒天成分を抽出した海藻残渣物を混合したから、寒天製造において、寒天成分が抽出され、廃棄処分となる海藻残渣物を植物育成基盤材1Bに利用することにより、材料費の削減を図り、しかも、海藻残渣物に含まれる栄養素が植物の育成を促すとともに、混合した海藻残渣物により保水性を備えた植物育成基盤材1Bが得られる。
【0047】
尚、本発明は上記実施例に限定されるものではなく本発明の要旨の範囲内において種々の変形実施が可能である。例えば、寒天には実施形態に記載した紅藻類以外に各種の海藻を原料とすることができ、また、汚泥発酵肥料及び有効微生物も適宜選定可能である。
【0048】
【発明の効果】
請求項1の緑化工法は、緑化施工面に植物の育成に適した植物育成基盤を設ける緑化工法において、海藻から寒天成分を抽出した海藻残渣物を混合した植物育成基盤材を形成し、この植物育成基盤材を前記緑化施工面に層状に設ける工法であり、食品副産物を有効利用して基盤材の原料コストの削減を図り、緑化効果に優れた緑化工法を提供することができる。
【0049】
また、請求項2の緑化工法は、前記植物育成基盤材に木質チップを混合した工法であり、食品副産物を有効利用し、緑化効果に優れた緑化工法を提供することができる。
【0050】
さらに、請求項3の緑化工法は、前記植物育成基盤材に汚泥発酵肥料と有効微生物とを混合した工法であり、食品副産物を有効利用し、緑化効果に優れた緑化工法を提供することができる。
【0051】
請求項4の植物育成基盤材は、緑化施工面に層状に設けて植物の育成に適した植物育成基盤を形成する植物育成基盤材において、海藻から寒天成分を抽出した海藻残渣物を混合したものであり、食品副産物を有効利用し、緑化効果に優れた植物育成基盤材を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の第1実施形態を示す施工手順を示すフローチャート図である。
【図2】同上、施工方法を説明する法面の断面図である。
【図3】同上、実験例を示す法面の一部を断面にした斜視図である。
【図4】本発明の第2実施形態を示す緑化施工面の断面図である。
【図5】本発明の第3実施形態を示す緑化施工面の断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1,1A,1B 植物育成基盤材
11 法面(緑化施工面)
12 植物育成基盤
31 緑化施工面
32 植物育成基盤[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a greening method and a plant growing base material.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a greening base material used in this kind of greening method, soil, fertilizer, etc. are mainly used, and usually, organic fertilizers, slow-release nitrogen-containing fertilizers, other slow-acting fertilizers and the like are used as fertilizers. , Microorganisms, vegetative growth hormone, or composts as necessary, use locally generated soil as the soil, and if it is unsuitable, bring in the soil from other sources.The soil satisfies the standard particle size distribution and is harmful. And those containing no organic impurities are used (for example, Patent Document 1). Further, an organic material such as peace moss or bark compost may be used as a base material, and a base material other than the organic material (a soil-based material, a sandy soil-based material, and other recycled materials) may be used (for example, Patent Document 2).
[0003]
On the other hand, root removal material generated during construction is chipped, the chipped chip material is separated into large chip material and small chip material containing rhizosphere soil, and the large chip material is dried and carbonized, The carbonized carbonized material is formed into a predetermined thickness as a carbonized layer on a slope base layer formed by the slope construction work, and a small chip material including the rhizosphere soil is planted on the carbonized layer. There is a slope revegetation method in which a predetermined layer thickness is formed as a plant growth base layer by mixing with a plant growth base material formed on soil suitable for growing the soil (for example, Patent Document 3). In addition, local topsoil, aggregating agent, water, and wood chips are mixed, and this mixture is poured into a hopper provided with opening / closing means at a discharge port, and the hopper is hung by a crane equipped on a self-propelled vehicle, There is a slope greening method in which a mixture is sprayed through a hopper discharge port onto a green slope construction slope (for example, Patent Document 4).
[0004]
Further, a step of installing a chip receiver on the creation method surface, a step of crushing the felled wood chips into fibrous chips, a step of depositing the crushed fibrous chips, and a step of spraying the fiber chips on the creation method surface There is a method of protecting a slope by cutting wood and a greening method (for example, Patent Document 5) which includes a step of forming a chip-shaped chip layer and a step of spraying a seed / fertilizer layer on at least one of the upper surface or the lower surface of the fiber chip layer. The fibrous chip layer 3 is obtained by depositing a logging chip crushed into a fibrous shape having a length of 15 cm and a diameter of 1 cm or less for 3 months or more, and removing greening harmful substances (antibacterial components represented by hinokitiol, etc.) possessed by the tree. Spread it to the slope 1 with a thickness of about 3 to 5 cm, or spray it with air.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-6-237606 (paragraph 0012 step)
[Patent Document 2]
JP 2001-161116 A (paragraph 0016)
[Patent Document 3]
JP-A-11-196664 (paragraph 0009 step)
[Patent Document 4]
JP-A-2001-98775 (paragraph 0011)
[Patent Document 5]
JP-A-2002-227210 (paragraph 0009 step)
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In each of the above-mentioned revegetation methods, various fertilizers and microorganisms are mixed with the base material in order to grow plants, and if an artificial organic soil such as bark compost or peat moss is used as the main material, the raw material cost Is high. Therefore, the development of a base material that can reduce the cost of raw materials and has an excellent greening effect is desired.
[0007]
By the way, although the small chip is used for the base material in Patent Document 3 and the wood chip is used for the base material in Patent Document 4, any of the wood chips is used without any treatment such as drying or composting. As described in Patent Document 5, there is a problem that greening does not proceed under the influence of greening harmful substances and the like, and it takes a long time for greening, so that a large amount of untreated wood chips cannot be used for the greening base material. .
[0008]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a greening method and a plant growing base material which are excellent in a greening effect by reducing the raw material cost of the base material by effectively utilizing food by-products.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The revegetation method according to claim 1 is a revegetation method in which a plant-growing base suitable for growing plants is provided on a revegetation-constructed surface, wherein a plant-growing base material obtained by mixing a seaweed residue obtained by extracting agar components from seaweed is formed. This is a method of providing a growth base material in layers on the greening construction surface.
[0010]
According to the configuration of the first aspect, in agar production, agar components are extracted and seaweed residues to be disposed can be used for greening, and nutrients contained in the seaweed residues are used to grow plants. , And water retentivity can be given to the plant growing base by the seaweed residue. In this way, it is possible to reduce the raw material cost of the base material and recycle the food by-products by effectively utilizing the food by-products.
[0011]
A greening method according to a second aspect is a method in which a wood chip is mixed with the plant growing base material.
[0012]
According to the configuration of claim 2, since the wood chips themselves have a low nutritional value, by supplying nutrients contained in the seaweed residue to the wood chips, the wood chips can be composted, and the plant is suitable for greening. The growth base material is obtained.
[0013]
Furthermore, the greening method of claim 3 is a method in which a sludge fermentation fertilizer and an effective microorganism are mixed with the plant growth base material.
[0014]
According to the configuration of claim 3, even in the case of a wood chip or a wood chip close to a living tree, a large amount of the wood chip is contained by a combination of nutrients of seaweed residue, sludge fermentation fertilizer, and effective microorganisms. The mixture can be used as a plant breeding base, which can be easily constructed and has an excellent greening effect.
[0015]
The plant growing base material according to claim 4 is a plant growing base material that is provided in layers on a greening construction surface to form a plant growing base suitable for growing plants, wherein a seaweed residue obtained by extracting agar components from seaweed is mixed. It is.
[0016]
According to the configuration of claim 4, in the agar production, the agar component is extracted and the seaweed residue which is to be disposed of is used to reduce the material cost of the base material, and further, is included in the seaweed residue. The nutrients promoted plant growth, and the mixed seaweed residue provides a plant growth base material with water retention.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
1 to 3 show a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the drawings, in the present invention, a seaweed residue is used for a plant growing base material 1, and this seaweed residue is generated during the production of agar. In other words, in agar production, red algae seaweeds such as ogonori, amakusa, and oxaxa are used as the raw material for agar, and the raw material is washed with water, boiled and extracted to obtain agar components in hot water, and By using the seaweed residue remaining after filtration, this seaweed residue contains a mineral component, and the seaweed residue has water retention. By mixing this, it is possible to impart water retention to the base material 1. it can.
[0018]
In addition, as a plant breeding base material 1, a plant material such as a logging material, a thinned wood material, a driftwood, etc., which has been cut down at a site such as a building civil engineering work is used as a main material of a plant cultivation base material. The felled timber produced by the construction of the plant is used as plant material. Examples of the plant material include a logging material, a thinning material, a driftwood, a pruning material, a spruce branch, and the like. Note that the felled timber also includes root removal materials (roots extracted from the ground). Further, woody waste materials generated from buildings can also be used as plant materials.
[0019]
In the present invention, the plant material is pulverized to form a wood chip (chip processing) without subjecting the plant material to drying treatment or composting treatment. The wood chips preferably have a length of 150 mm or less and a diameter of 25 mm or less.
[0020]
Furthermore, the sludge fermentation fertilizer and the effective microorganisms are mixed in the plant growing base material 1. The above-mentioned sludge fermentation fertilizer is obtained by fermenting sludge such as sewage and turning it into a fertilizer, and a fertilizer obtained by microbial treatment of sludge in a sewer final treatment plant or a mixture of raw materials of plant matter or animal substances with this. Is used. In addition to the sewage sludge, it is possible to use sludge obtained by fermenting various kinds of sludge, such as sludge from a human waste treatment facility and an agricultural settlement drainage treatment facility, and purification layer sludge.
[0021]
As the effective microorganism, a microorganism effective in composting the wood chip is used, and examples thereof include lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, actinomycetes, azotobacter, photosynthetic bacteria, EM bacteria, and agarie bacteria. Also, these effective microorganisms can be supplied as so-called blurred fertilizers, which are slow-acting fertilizers.
[0022]
Then, the wood chip, the seaweed residue, the sludge fermentation fertilizer, and the blurred fertilizer are mixed to form the plant growing base material 1. In addition, by mixing a small amount of binder into the plant growing base material 1, the plant growing base material 1 sprayed on the slope 11, which is a greening construction surface, plays a role of joining the slope of the slope 11. Further, seeds can be mixed with the plant growing base material 1.
[0023]
When the slope 11 is formed, either a cut slope formed by shaving the soil or an embankment slope may be used. If plant material is generated at the formation site, this is used as a wood chip for the plant growing base material 1. I do. In the present invention, since the plant growing base material 1 is sprayed on the slope 11 to form the plant growing base 12 composed of the layer of the plant growing base material 1, preferably, a lath wire mesh or an organic material is applied to the slope 11 before spraying. A fixing net 13 such as a net and an anchor member 14 such as an anchor pin are installed.
[0024]
Reference numeral 21 denotes a spraying machine such as a mortar concrete spraying machine, which includes a power generating device 22 such as a compressor and a spraying device main body 23, and a hose 24 is connected to the spraying device main body 23. Is provided with a mixer 26 such as a mixing hopper. The mixture 1 mixed by the mixer 26 is supplied to the spraying apparatus main body 23 by a conveyor 27, and the inside of the hose 24 is It is pressure-fed and sprayed from the spray nozzle 25 to the slope 11.
[0025]
Next, the procedure of the greening method will be described with reference to FIG. 1. When the slope 11 is constructed, plant materials generated by cutting or the like are accumulated (S1), and the plant materials are collected on site. Chip processing (S2) is performed to form a wood chip. The obtained woody chip is mixed with the seaweed residue containing seaweed minerals, the sludge fermentation fertilizer, the blur fertilizer containing the effective microorganisms, the binder, and the seed (S3), and the obtained plant is obtained. The growth base material 1 is sprayed on the slope 11 by the spraying machine 21 (S4) to form the plant growth base 12 in which the plant growth base material 1 is formed in a layer. The plant material generated at another site may be carried into a greening site and processed into wood chips, or the plant material generated at another site may be processed into wood chips and then planted at a green site. The wood chips processed in the factory may be carried to a site where greening is performed.
[0026]
In the slope greening structure formed in this way, it is not necessary to perform drying or composting of the plant material, so that the plant material generated on site can be chipped and used as it is. Alternatively, it is suitable for revegetation by adding seaweed minerals and sludge fermentation fertilizer to wood chips close to the state of living trees and giving the nutritive value necessary for composting, and using an extremely simple construction method, plant Even if the cost of chipping the material is combined, the construction can be performed at a cost close to the conventional method.
In this case, there is also a merit in terms of cost that the use of plant materials generated on site eliminates the need for a storage place or industrial waste treatment. In addition, since the seaweed residue used is conventionally a by-product generated in the process of producing agar, it has been discarded.Even if the seaweed residue after extracting the agar component is used, nutrients such as minerals are also used. Contains a large amount of water and has water retention and viscosity, so that the nutrients activate microbial activities to promote the composting of wood chips, and the water retention of the plant growing base 12 on the slope 11 which is a slope. And its viscosity can prevent the scattered outflow of the plant breeding base 12. In addition, since the effective microorganisms supplied by the blurred fertilizer are used in natural farming or natural agriculture, the microorganisms are suitable for nature and play a role in keeping the slope 11 vegetative and stable. The plant cultivation base 12 incorporates the advantages of natural farming or natural agriculture by utilizing blurred fertilizer, and by using on-site plant materials, prevents the generation of on-site waste materials and the like, and by using seaweed residues, Effective utilization of waste is achieved, and furthermore, wastewater from the sewage business is utilized by using sludge fermentation fertilizer, and this revegetation method can achieve an extremely high effect as a recycling system.
[0027]
Another characteristic configuration of the plant growing base material 1 is that a wood chip is used as a main material in the plant growing base material 1 without mixing soil such as on-site generated soil and guest soil. Of course, the soil that has adhered to the root removal material and the like is mixed with the plant growing base material 1. However, when soil is separately mixed, the volume is extremely small compared to the capacity of the wood chips. A wood chip is used in an amount of 5 to 95% by weight based on the plant growing base material 1.
[0028]
In formulation 1 of the Experimental Example The present invention, wood chips chips the living trees such as lumber with 1 m 3, the size of the wood chips was less than 25 mm. A wood chip was mixed with 25 kg of seaweed residue generated by agar production, 50 kg of sludge fermentation fertilizer obtained by fermenting sewage sludge, 12.5 kg of indigenous microorganisms, and 4 kg of binder. In addition, as a seed, tall fescue, creeping red fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, mugwort, Medohagi, Yamahagi, the Hagi weasel, and a total of 0.94kg mixed.
[0029]
In formulation 2 as a comparative example, with respect to Formula 1, seaweed residue, and shall not use the sludge fermentation fertilizers and blurring manure, i.e., a mixture of the binder 4kg and seed 0.94kg and wood chips 1 m 3.
[0030]
As shown in FIG. 3, the mixture of the above Formulations 1 and 2 is sprayed onto a clay slope 11 at a gradient of 1: 0.6 and a soil pH of 7.27 to form a layer, and the slope 11 is moved in the width direction. The mixture of Formulations 1 and 2 was sprayed on the two compartments H1 and H2, respectively. Therefore, the section H1 is provided with the plant growing base 12 of the present invention.
[0031]
The results are shown in Table 1 below. The test was performed in autumn.
[0032]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004254570
[0033]
Both compartments H1 and H2 germinated 5 to 10 days after spraying. As shown in Table 1, 24 days later, while the growth of the section H1 was good, the growth of the section H2 had been declining. Thirty-eight days later, growth of section H2 was clearly slower than that of section H1, and this is probably due to lack of nutrients in formulation 2. 49 days later, tillering and dense planting of the gramineous plants in the section H1 proceeded. After that, there was almost no new germination, and a large difference in plant height occurred as shown in Table 1, and tillering progressed in the section H2. First, the slope surface was exposed. FIG. 3 shows a state after 49 days. As described above, it was found that a slope structure excellent in a greening effect was obtained by mixing the seaweed residue, the sludge fermentation fertilizer, and the blurred fertilizer with the wood chips.
[0034]
Thus, in this embodiment, in response to claim 1, in the revegetation method in which the planting base 12 suitable for growing plants is provided on the slope 11 as a revegetation work surface, seaweed residue obtained by extracting agar components from seaweeds Is formed, and the plant growing base material 1 is provided in layers on the slope 11, so that in the agar production, agar components are extracted and the seaweed residue to be disposed of is used for greening. In addition, the nutrients contained in the seaweed residue promote plant growth, and the seaweed residue can impart water retention to the plant growing base 12.
[0035]
Further, in this embodiment, as described above, according to claim 2, the wood chips are mixed with the plant breeding base material 1, and the wood chips themselves have low nutritional value. By replenishing the chips, the wood chips can be composted, and the plant growing base material 1 suitable for greening can be obtained.
[0036]
Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the sludge fermentation fertilizer and the effective microorganisms are mixed in the plant growing base material 1 according to claim 3, the nutrients of the seaweed residue, the sludge fermentation fertilizer, and the effective microorganisms are mixed. By combination, even if it is a wood chip or a wood chip in a state close to a live tree, the plant growing base material 1 containing a large amount of the wood chip can be used as the plant growing base 12, and the construction is simplified and the greening effect is improved. Excellent ones are obtained.
[0037]
Thus, in the present embodiment, in response to claim 4, in the plant growing base material 1 that is provided in layers on the slope 11 as a greening construction surface to form a plant growing base 12 suitable for growing plants, Since the seaweed residue from which the agar component was extracted was mixed, the agar component was extracted in the production of agar, and the seaweed residue that would be discarded was used as the plant growing base material 1, thereby increasing the material cost of the plant growing base material 1. In addition, the nutrients contained in the seaweed residue promote plant growth, and the plant growth base material 1 having water retention by the mixed seaweed residue is obtained.
[0038]
Also, as an effect of the embodiment, since the plant material is the cut wood generated at the slope construction site, which is the construction site, the wood chip without cutting or composting the cut wood generated at the construction site is used as it is. It can be used after processing. Further, since the plant growing base material 1 is provided in a layer by spraying on the slope 11, the plant growing base 12 can be easily formed on the slope 11 by spraying.
[0039]
FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, in which a plant growing base material 1A has the same configuration as the plant growing base material of the first embodiment except that no binder is mixed. In addition, the greening construction surface 31 is a flat ground without slope, rough land, sandy ground, etc. In the construction, the plant growing base material 1A is spread on the greening construction surface 31 or sprayed to form the plant growing base 32. I do. And when the greening construction surface 31 is a flat ground like this example, it is not necessary to necessarily mix a binder with the plant growing base material 1A.
[0040]
Thus, in this embodiment, in accordance with claim 1, in the greening method of providing the plant growing base 32 suitable for growing the plant on the greening construction surface 31, the seaweed residue obtained by extracting the agar component from the seaweed was mixed. Since the plant-growing base material 1A is formed and the plant-growing base material 1A is provided in layers on the greening construction surface 31, it is possible to use the seaweed residue from which agar components are extracted and disposed of in agar production for greening. In addition, nutrients contained in the seaweed residue promote plant growth, and the seaweed residue can impart water retention to the plant growing base 32.
[0041]
Moreover, since the wood chips, the sludge fermentation fertilizer, and the effective microorganisms are mixed in the plant growing base material 1A, the same operation and effects as those of the first embodiment are achieved.
[0042]
Thus, in this embodiment, in accordance with claim 4, in the plant cultivation base material 1A that is provided in a layered manner on the greening construction surface 31 and forms the plant cultivation base 32 suitable for cultivating plants, the agar component is removed from seaweed. Since the extracted seaweed residue is mixed, agar components are extracted in the agar production, and the seaweed residue to be disposed of is used as the plant cultivation base material 1A, thereby reducing the material cost. The nutrients contained in the plant promote plant growth, and the mixed seaweed residue provides the plant growing base material 1A having water retention.
[0043]
FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of the present invention. The plant breeding base material 1B is made of soil such as soil generated on site or soil as a main material 41, and a seaweed residue and seeds are mixed with the main material 41, and greening is performed. A plant growing base 32 having a predetermined thickness is formed on the construction surface 31 in a layered manner. Further, a fertilizer is mixed into the plant growing base material 1B as necessary. The greening construction surface 31 is a flat land without slope, rough land, sandy ground, etc. In the construction, the plant growing base material 1B is spread on the greening construction surface 31 or sprayed to form the plant growing base 32. I do.
[0044]
The seaweed residue mixed with the plant growing base material 1B in this manner is a by-product conventionally generated in the process of producing agar, and has been discarded. The seaweed residue after the extraction of the agar component has been discarded. However, since it contains a lot of nutrients such as minerals, and has water retention and viscosity, the nutrients activate the activity of microorganisms to promote greening, and the water retention can secure the water retention of the plant growing base 32. Due to the viscosity, the scattered outflow of the plant growing base 32 can be prevented.
[0045]
Thus, in this embodiment, in accordance with claim 1, in the greening method of providing the plant growing base 32 suitable for growing the plant on the greening construction surface 31, the seaweed residue obtained by extracting the agar component from the seaweed was mixed. Since the plant breeding base material 1B is formed and the plant cultivation base material 1B is provided in layers on the greening construction surface 31, it is possible to use the seaweed residue from which agar components are extracted and disposed of in agar production for greening. In addition, the nutrients contained in the seaweed residue promote plant growth, and the seaweed residue can impart water retention to the plant growing base 3.
[0046]
As described above, in the present embodiment, in accordance with claim 4, in the plant cultivation base material 1B provided in a layer on the greening construction surface 31 to form the plant cultivation base 32 suitable for cultivation of plants, the agar component is removed from seaweed. Since the extracted seaweed residue is mixed, the agar component is extracted in the agar production, and the seaweed residue to be disposed of is used as the plant growing base material 1B, thereby reducing the material cost. The nutrients contained in the material promote plant growth, and the mixed seaweed residue provides the plant growth base material 1B having water retention.
[0047]
It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the present invention. For example, various algae can be used as raw materials for the agar in addition to the red algae described in the embodiment, and sludge fermentation fertilizers and effective microorganisms can be appropriately selected.
[0048]
【The invention's effect】
The revegetation method according to claim 1 is a revegetation method in which a plant-growing base suitable for growing plants is provided on a revegetation-constructed surface, wherein a plant-growing base material obtained by mixing a seaweed residue obtained by extracting agar components from seaweed is formed. This is a construction method in which a growth base material is provided in layers on the greening construction surface. It is possible to reduce the raw material cost of the base material by effectively utilizing food by-products and to provide a greening method excellent in greening effect.
[0049]
The greening method according to claim 2 is a method in which wood chips are mixed with the plant growing base material, and can provide a greening method that is effective in greening by effectively utilizing food by-products.
[0050]
Furthermore, the greening method according to claim 3 is a method in which a sludge fermentation fertilizer and an effective microorganism are mixed with the plant growth base material, and a greening method excellent in greening effect can be provided by effectively utilizing food by-products. .
[0051]
The plant growing base material according to claim 4 is a plant growing base material that is provided in layers on a greening construction surface to form a plant growing base suitable for growing plants, wherein a seaweed residue obtained by extracting agar components from seaweed is mixed. Thus, it is possible to provide a plant breeding base material that effectively utilizes food by-products and has an excellent greening effect.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a construction procedure according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a slope for explaining a construction method according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a cross section of a part of a slope showing an experimental example.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a greening construction surface according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a greening construction surface according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1,1A, 1B Plant growth base material 11 Slope (greening construction side)
12 Plant growing base 31 Greening construction surface 32 Plant growing base

Claims (4)

緑化施工面に植物の育成に適した植物育成基盤を設ける緑化工法において、海藻から寒天成分を抽出した海藻残渣物を混合した植物育成基盤材を形成し、この植物育成基盤材を前記緑化施工面に層状に設けることを特徴とする緑化工法。In a greening method for providing a plant growing base suitable for growing plants on a greening construction surface, a plant growing base material is formed by mixing a seaweed residue obtained by extracting agar components from seaweed. A greening method characterized by being provided in layers. 前記植物育成基盤材に木質チップを混合したことを特徴とする請求項1記載の緑化工法。The greening method according to claim 1, wherein a wood chip is mixed with the plant growing base material. 前記植物育成基盤材に汚泥発酵肥料と有効微生物とを混合したことを特徴とする請求項2記載の緑化工法。The greening method according to claim 2, wherein a sludge fermentation fertilizer and an effective microorganism are mixed with the plant growing base material. 緑化施工面に層状に設けて植物の育成に適した植物育成基盤を形成する植物育成基盤材において、海藻から寒天成分を抽出した海藻残渣物を混合したことを特徴とする植物育成基盤材。A plant cultivation base material, wherein a seaweed residue obtained by extracting agar components from seaweed is mixed in a plant cultivation base material which is provided in a layer on a greening construction surface and forms a plant cultivation base suitable for cultivating plants.
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CN111350198B (en) * 2020-03-10 2021-06-15 甘肃省水利厅兰州水土保持科学试验站(甘肃省水土保持科学研究所) Slope trenching greening scour prevention system and construction method thereof

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014091709A (en) * 2012-11-02 2014-05-19 Ina Food Industry Co Ltd Plant growth promoter and plant growth acceleration method using the same

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