RU2612214C1 - Method of reclamation of domestic waste storage places - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of reclamation of domestic waste storage places consist in the following: the domestic waste deposit is preliminary inspected, and the revealed inorganic inclusions are removed from it. Then continuous planning of the area is carried out. Then the layers are applied in the autumn period on the digested organic domestic wastes in the following order: first - a layer of preliminary dewatered river mud, then a layer of sludge of treatment facilities is applied, which was preliminary inactivated for at least 1 year, and then - a layer of sawdust of any tree species in the following ratio of dewatered river mud: inactivated sludge of treatment facilities: sawdust of any tree species - 1:1:1 in an amount of 4 t/ha. Then milling is carried out in the first decade of December. After that, the compost mass is left for the autumn and winter and the early spring periods for further maturation and loosening under natural conditions. Then, plowing is carried out in the early spring period. After that, at the final stage of reclamation, grasses are sown or shrubs are planted.

EFFECT: method enables to reduce the time of biological reclamation of domestic waste storage places to 6-7 months, to increase the efficiency by creating the conditions for the life of reducing organisms and development of root system of plants, as well as to create a recreation area which improves the environment.

Description

The invention relates to methods for biological reclamation of places of unauthorized and authorized storage of household waste, and it can be used to restore the ecology of disturbed lands, including landscaping.

Many spontaneous landfills with accumulated household and industrial waste spoil the aesthetic appearance, violate the environment and occupy usable land, so there is a need for reclamation of these sites.

A known method of biological reclamation of landfills of solid household waste (RF patent No. 2448785 dated 04/27/2012), which includes examination of the landfill, cleaning of metal objects found, applying two layers of soil alternately on a leveled surface, with a layer of humus not more than 20 cm thick first, then a layer of potentially fertile soil with a thickness of at least 10 cm, soil compaction, then disking and harrowing the area of the reclaimed area, followed by sowing grassy and planting woody vegetation and then digging ditches around the perimeter portion for collecting filtrate.

The disadvantage is the complexity of the formation of the fertile layer.

A known method of reclamation of disturbed lands (RF patent No. 2425347 from 08.10.2008), including the creation of a pit, layering clay, solid household waste and the plant layer, namely soil suitable for plant life and planting perennial grasses, predetermined in accordance with physically -geographic conditions of the types of planting material. Moreover, between the layer of solid household waste and the vegetable layer, dehydrated sludge from biological wastewater treatment and wood waste are mixed with mechanical means.

The disadvantage is the complexity and significant material costs in the formation of the fertile layer.

There is a method of reclamation of disturbed soils (RF patent No. 2044434 from 09/27/1995) by laying on the reclaimed soil surface an organic substrate, and as an organic substrate, compost obtained from dehydrated sludge and bark at their mass ratio (0.5-1, 5): 1, and after laying on the reclaimed surface, compost is covered with a layer of sand or soil with a thickness of 5-10 cm.

The disadvantage is the cost of pre-obtaining organic compost, which is then delivered to disturbed lands, and the creation of an upper layer of sand or soil.

There is also known a method of reclamation of disturbed soils (AS USSR No. 1360615), which includes carrying out a continuous two-tier profiling after planning the site, then applying a layer of sawdust with a thickness of 2-3 cm, after which applying a layer of sludge to sewage treatment plants equal to half the arable power layer, covering it with a humus layer of soil with a thickness of 8-10 cm, after a year conduct continuous slitting with the destruction of the underlying breed, and sow perennial grasses the next year over the entire area of the cultivated area, p At the same time, the grass is mowed for 2 years and used as a green fertilizer. In order to disinfect the sludge of treatment facilities, sawdust is applied with a disinfectant, mainly bleach, and after applying the treatment plant sludge to the site, it is treated with liquid ammonia. We take it for a prototype.

The disadvantage of this method is its low efficiency due to the complexity of the formation of the fertile layer, the low survival rate of plants due to the presence of disinfectants in the substrate and, consequently, the duration of the process of reclamation of disturbed soils.

The technical result of the proposed method is to accelerate, increase efficiency and reduce the complexity of biological reclamation of waste storage sites.

The technical result consists in the fact that in the method of reclamation of places of storage of household waste, including a continuous layout of the site, followed by layer-by-layer application of the sludge of treatment facilities and sawdust, characterized in that before the continuous layout of the site, a landfill of household waste is examined and the inorganic inclusions found are removed from them , then in the autumn, layers are applied to decayed organic household waste in the following sequence: first, a layer of previously dehydrated river sludge, then wear a layer of sludge from treatment plants previously inactivated for at least 1 year, after which a layer of sawdust of any tree species with the following ratio of dehydrated river sludge: inactivated sludge of treatment plant: sawdust of any tree species - 1: 1: 1 in an amount of 4 t / hectares, then in the first ten days of December milling is carried out, after which the compost mass is left for the autumn-winter and early spring period for further ripening and loosening under natural conditions, then plowing is carried out in the early spring, after h at the final stage of reclamation, they sow grasses or plant shrubbery.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed method is characterized by a new set of features, which consists in the fact that in order to accelerate the restoration of unauthorized and authorized storage of household waste up to 6-7 months, compost mass is placed on decayed organic household waste, including dehydrated river sludge inactivated in for 1 year, sludge treatment plants and sawdust of any tree species taken in certain proportions, which is fundamentally new.

The above circumstances indicate that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty."

The conformity of the claimed technical solution with the criterion of “inventive step” indicates the presence of the following features: a preliminary examination of the landfill for household waste and the removal of inorganic inclusions found therein, application of compost mass from river sludge that has decayed and has been inactivated for 1 year to any sewage treatment plants and any sawdust tree species taken in the ratio 1: 1: 1 are produced in the autumn, ripening and loosening occurs under natural conditions in autumn -zimny and early spring, and planting grass seed or planting shrubs performed after plowing in the early spring.

The claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "industrial applicability", because can be carried out at any landfill of unauthorized and authorized storage of household waste.

The proposed method will improve the efficiency and accelerate biological reclamation, because when applying layer-by-layer dehydrated river sludge, inactivated sludge from treatment plants and sawdust of any tree species, the smallest surface compaction is achieved, which allows oxygen to penetrate the center of the compost mass and contribute to the life of reduced organisms and development of the root system of plants.

The ratio of the components of the compost mass 1: 1: 1 allows you to get the highest percentage of germination and germination of plant seeds during landscaping, which indicates an increase in the efficiency of reclamation. The introduction of compost mass in the amount of 4 t / ha is equivalent to the application of mineral fertilizers during agronomic approaches in agricultural production, and dehydrated river and inactivated sludge from sewage treatment plants will replace organic fertilizers.

The reclamation will accelerate the thermal effect resulting from the decomposition of household waste covered by the claimed compost layers, since biogas is released.

Improving the efficiency of reclamation is achieved by introducing layers of compost mass in the autumn period and milling in the first decade of December, allowing to go through the stages of ripening and loosening in natural conditions, as well as plowing the soil before spring sowing or landscaping.

Reducing the complexity is achieved by applying compost mass immediately to the site of reclamation.

Milling (simultaneous deep loosening, crumbling and mixing of the soil) in the first decade of December and further ripening and loosening by winter freezing will reduce labor costs, since the compost mass contains various harmful soil microorganisms that will be destroyed by frost in natural conditions.

The method of reclamation of places of storage of household waste is as follows.

A waste landfill is preliminarily examined and inorganic inclusions detected are removed from them. Carry out a continuous layout of the site. Then, in the autumn period, layers are applied to decayed organic household waste in the following sequence: first, a layer of pre-dehydrated river sludge, then a layer of sludge from treatment plants previously inactivated for at least 1 year, then a layer of sawdust of any tree species in the following ratio dehydrated river sludge: inactivated sludge from sewage treatment plants: sawdust of any tree species - 1: 1: 1 in the amount of 4 t / ha. After that, milling is carried out in the first ten days of December. After that, the compost mass is left for the autumn-winter and early spring period for further ripening and loosening under natural conditions. Then, in the early spring period, plowing is carried out. Then, at the final stage of reclamation, grass is sown or shrubbery planted.

An example of a specific application for the rehabilitation of household waste storage facilities

A preliminary survey of the spontaneous landfill of household waste in the Dinsky district of the Krasnodar Territory with an area of 40,000 m ² (200 m × 200 m) or 4 ha. Then it was cleaned of detected inorganic inclusions, including metal objects and other wastes that do not decompose. And the site with the remaining household waste with partial or complete decomposition was subjected to reclamation.

Next, a continuous layout of the landfill surface was carried out.

In the autumn period, a layer of pre-dehydrated river sludge was applied layer-by-layer on a smoothed surface of decayed organic household waste, then a layer of inactivated sludge from sewage treatment plants, which had been lying on the filtration fields for 1 year to completely destroy dangerous microorganisms under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, after which a layer of sawdust of any tree species , with a ratio of components: 1 part of dehydrated river sludge, 1 part of inactivated sludge, 1 part of sawdust of any tree species, in an amount of 4 t / ha.

Then, in the first ten days of December, milling was performed, and compost was aerated while mixing the components: household waste, dehydrated river sludge, inactivated sludge from sewage treatment plants, sawdust of any tree species. After that, the compost mass was left for further ripening and loosening. In the autumn-winter and early spring period under natural conditions at minus and plus temperatures, the compost mass not only ripened, but also was dehydrated and loosened by freezing. And additional mixing and aeration of the compost mass was carried out during plowing in the early spring.

Sowing lawn grasses and planting shrubs at the final stage of reclamation allowed transferring the waste storage area to the recreation zone.

Thus, in comparison with the prototype, the inventive method reduces the time of biological reclamation of household waste storage sites to 6-7 months, increases efficiency by creating conditions for the life of reduced organisms and the development of the root system of plants, as well as creating a recreation zone that improves the environment.

Claims (1)

A method for reclamation of household waste storage sites, including continuous layout of the site with subsequent layer-by-layer application of the sludge of treatment facilities and sawdust, characterized in that before the continuous planning of the site, a landfill of household waste is examined and inorganic inclusions that are found are removed from them, then in the autumn period to rotted organic household waste is deposited in the following sequence: first, a layer of pre-dehydrated river sludge, then a layer of sludge from treatment facilities, pre it must be inactivated for at least 1 year, after which - a layer of sawdust of any tree species with the following ratio of dehydrated river sludge: inactivated sludge from treatment plants: sawdust of any tree species - 1: 1: 1 in an amount of 4 t / ha, then in the first decade December, milling is carried out, after which the compost is left for the autumn-winter and early spring period for further ripening and loosening under natural conditions, then plowing is done in the early spring period, after which at the final stage of plant restoration drive seeding or planting grasses and shrubs.