JP2004230289A - Method and equipment for treating thallium-containing liquid - Google Patents

Method and equipment for treating thallium-containing liquid Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004230289A
JP2004230289A JP2003022079A JP2003022079A JP2004230289A JP 2004230289 A JP2004230289 A JP 2004230289A JP 2003022079 A JP2003022079 A JP 2003022079A JP 2003022079 A JP2003022079 A JP 2003022079A JP 2004230289 A JP2004230289 A JP 2004230289A
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thallium
liquid
containing liquid
adsorbent
adsorbed
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JP4446426B2 (en
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Muneharu Fujikawa
宗治 藤川
Koji Mishima
弘次 三嶋
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Takuma Co Ltd
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Takuma Co Ltd
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  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a thallium-containing liquid treatment method capable of efficiently adsorbing and removing thallium to efficiently recover the same even if the concentration of thallium in a waste liquid is low, and treatment equipment therefor. <P>SOLUTION: In the thallium-containing liquid treatment method and the treatment equipment therefor, the thallium-containing liquid is supplied to an RO (retro-osmosis) membrane device 2 to separate and concentrate metal ions containing thallium, and thallium is selectively adsorbed from the concentrated liquid by an adsorbent. An eluent is passed through adsorbed thallium to elute and recover thallium. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はタリウム含有液処理方法と処理設備に関し、詳しくは、タリウムを吸着剤により選択吸着し、吸着されたタリウムからタリウムを溶離し回収するタリウム含有液処理方法と処理設備に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
タリウムは、近年のOA機器や通信技術の発達から、光ファイバー、半導体、屈折率分布型レンズ等の光学レンズ、光学部品などに、酸化物、フッ化物、臭化物などとして少なくない量が使用されており、これらの製造工場からの廃液(排水)として、あるいは最終使用者からの廃棄物として廃棄されると、鉛、砒素などと同様にタリウムは有害重金属物質であるため、その処理が問題となる。その他としては、非鉄金属精錬工程において副産物として得られるカドミウム灰などにタリウムが含まれており、無害化処理が必要になる。
【0003】
そこで、廃液あるいは廃棄物中のタリウムを回収すべく種々の方法が実施されている。例えば、蒸発固化する方法があるが、これは蒸発固化して得られた固形物からタリウムを分離せず、得られた固形物を溶出防止処理をした後、管理埋立処理を行うようにしている。
【0004】
タリウム含有固形物からタリウムを回収する方法としては、例えば、次のような方法が行われている(特許文献1)。
(1)タリウム含有固形物を硫酸液中に溶離させる。
【0005】
(2)溶離液から残渣を除去した後、ろ液にソーダ灰などのアルカリ剤を添加して固液分離する。
【0006】
(3)このアルカリろ液に硫酸などを添加して、pH2〜5程度にしてから、亜鉛板にてセメンテーションを行い、スポンジタリウムを得る。
【0007】
(4)得られたスポンジタリウムを還元雰囲気中で加熱・溶解し、鋳造することにより金属タリウムを得る。
【0008】
しかしこの方法では、工程が複雑であることと、固液分離作業を複数回にわたって行わなければならず、使用する薬剤も多く、生産コストのかかるものであった。
【0009】
そこで、本発明者らは、より工程を簡略化すると共に、タリウムを効率良く回収・除去する方法を提案した(未公開特許文献2)。この方法は、クラウンエーテルを坦持させたシリカゲルのような吸着剤を充填したカラム内にタリウム含有液を通液し、タリウムのみを選択的に吸着させ、次いで溶離液をカラムに通液することにより、吸着されているタリウムを回収する方法であり、従来一般に行われていなかった廃液中のタリウムを回収可能にする。
【0010】
【特許文献1】
特開昭56−136941号
【特許文献2】
特願2002−124289号
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記方法では金属吸着剤の吸着量が被処理液中のタリウム濃度が低い場合には、多量の吸着剤を必要とする等、濃度依存性が高いという問題があった。
【0011】
そこで、本発明の目的は、廃液中のタリウム濃度が低い場合であっても、効率よくタリウムを吸着除去でき、効率的に回収可能なタリウム含有液処理方法と処理設備を提供することにある。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的は各請求項記載の発明により達成される。すなわち、本発明に係るタリウム含有液処理方法の特徴構成は、タリウム含有液をRO膜装置に送給してタリウムを含む金属イオンを分離濃縮し、この濃縮された液からタリウムを吸着剤により選択的に吸着し、吸着されたタリウムに溶離液を通流してタリウムを溶離し回収することにある。
【0013】
この構成によれば、タリウム含有液中のタリウムを選択的に吸着して、分離除去するに際して、予めタリウム濃度を高くするため、タリウム含有液中のタリウム含有量が少ない場合でも回収効率を高く、効率的なものとすることができる。したがって、多量の吸着剤を必要とせず、吸着設備を小形にすることができて省スペースにできると共に、設備コストや運転コストを低減できることになる。
【0014】
その結果、本発明によれば、廃液中のタリウム濃度が低い場合であっても、効率よくタリウムを吸着除去でき、効率的に回収可能なタリウム含有液処理方法を提供することができた。
【0015】
本発明に係るタリウム含有液処理方法として、タリウム含有液を加熱濃縮してタリウムを蒸発濃縮し、この蒸発濃縮された液からタリウムを吸着剤により選択的に吸着し、吸着されたタリウムに溶離液を通流してタリウムを溶離し回収するようにしてもよい。
【0016】
この構成によっても、廃液中のタリウム濃度が低い場合に、効率よくタリウムを吸着除去でき、効率的に回収可能なタリウム含有液処理方法を提供することができた。
【0017】
前記吸着剤として、クラウンエーテルを坦持した坦体が充填されていることが好ましい。
【0018】
この構成によれば、廃液中に含まれる各種金属類の内、特にタリウムを効率的に選択吸着できる。したがって、後工程の溶離工程ではタリウムを高い濃度で回収でき、これらを有価金属として再利用でき都合がよい。
【0019】
本発明に係るタリウム含有液処理設備の特徴構成は、タリウム含有液中のタリウムを含む金属イオンを分離濃縮するRO膜装置と、このRO膜装置によって濃縮された液からタリウムを選択的に吸着する金属吸着剤充填槽と、この金属吸着剤充填槽により吸着されたタリウムを溶離する溶離手段とを有することにある。
【0020】
この構成によれぱ、廃液中のタリウム濃度が低い場合に、効率よくタリウムを吸着除去でき、特に廃液の量が多い場合でも、効率的に回収可能なタリウム含有液処理設備を提供することができる。
【0021】
又、本発明に係るタリウム含有液処理設備として、タリウム含有液を加熱してタリウムを蒸発濃縮する加熱濃縮装置と、この蒸発濃縮された液中のタリウムを吸着する金属吸着剤充填槽と、この金属吸着剤充填槽に吸着したタリウムを溶離し回収する溶離手段とを有する構成としてもよい。
【0022】
この構成によっても、同様に廃液中のタリウム濃度が低い場合に、効率よくタリウムを吸着除去でき、効率的に回収可能なタリウム含有液処理設備を提供することができる。工場内などの廃熱を利用することで、コストをより低くすることもできる。
【0023】
前記金属吸着剤充填槽には、吸着剤としてクラウンエーテルを坦持した坦体が充填されていることが好ましい。
【0024】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の形態を、図面を参照して詳細に説明する。図1は、本実施形態に係るタリウム含有液処理装置の概略全体構成ブロック図を示し、図2は、本実施形態に係るタリウム含有液処理方法のフローチャートを示す。
【0025】
このタリウム含有液処理装置は、タリウム含有廃液あるいはタリウム含有物溶解液(以下、単に「タリウム含有液」ということがある)を貯留する貯槽1と、この貯槽1から送給されタリウム含有液からタリウムを含む金属イオンを分離濃縮するRO(逆浸透)膜を内蔵したRO膜装置2と、分離濃縮されたタリウム含有液の中からタリウムのみを選択的に吸着する吸着剤を充填した金属吸着剤充填槽3と、この金属吸着剤充填槽3に吸着されているタリウムを溶離する溶離液を貯留する溶離液貯槽4と、溶離液によって溶離されたタリウムを回収するタリウム回収槽5と、金属吸着剤充填槽3を通液したタリウム除去液を貯留する廃液槽6と、更に金属吸着剤充填槽3を洗浄する洗浄液を貯留する洗浄液槽7と、洗浄した洗浄廃液を貯留する洗浄廃液貯槽8などを備えて構成されている。
【0026】
RO膜装置2は、中空糸モジュール、スパイラルモジュール、平膜モジュール、プリーツモジュール等、種々のタイプのものを使用でき、処理液中のタリウム濃度が高い場合、あるいはタリウムを除去した液中のタリウム濃度をできるだけ低くしたい場合などには、膜モジュールの段数を多くすればよい。更に、被処理液中にRO膜へのスケール付着の原因となる物質、例えば、シリカ、カルシウム、鉄、バリウム等が含まれている場合には、前処理としてイオン交換樹脂あるいは活性炭などを配置して、これらに被処理液を通流させることがRO膜装置を適正に稼働される上で好ましい。このようにRO膜装置2を用いて、廃液中のタリウム濃度を高くして処理することができるので、例えば、工場内で流れた雨水のように濃度が薄い廃液に対しても、タリウムを除去して回収することが容易になる。
【0027】
金属吸着剤充填槽3は、タリウムを選択吸着するクラウンエーテルが固定・坦持された、シリカゲル坦体が充填されているカラムからなる。クラウンエーテルは、具体的には、ジシクロヘキサーノ−18−クラウン−6−エーテル(例えば、IBC Advanced Inc.社製の商品名:SuperLig332)であることが好ましい。金属吸着剤充填槽3の構成として、前部カラムと後部カラムとが直列に配置された組み合わせからなるようにしてもよい。その場合、最初に溶離液を通流させてタリウムを溶離するのは、前部カラムに対して行うと共に、洗浄も前部カラムに対して行い、次の吸着工程では後部カラムに対して同様な通流を行うようにし、これらを交互に行うようにすると、処理能力が高められて好ましい。
【0028】
溶離液としては、硫酸水素ナトリウム溶液などを使用できる。坦体は、シリカゲルに限定されるものではなく、ガラス、アルミナ、チタニア、ジルコニア、砂などであってもよく、その形状もビーズ状、膜状など種々の形態が使用できる。
【0029】
以下に、タリウム含有液処理方法を図2に基づいて説明する。まず、タリウム含有液を、その貯槽1からRO膜を内蔵したRO膜装置2に送給してRO膜処理し、ここでタリウムを含む金属イオンを分離濃縮する(RO膜処理工程:A)。そして、タリウムが除去された廃液はそのまま放流されるか、工場内で再利用される。廃液中のタリウム含有量をより低くしたいためには、必要に応じてRO膜装置中のRO膜の段数を増やしたり、更には、金属吸着剤をRO膜装置の後段側に配置すればよい。このようにすると、廃液中のタリウム含有量を1ppb未満にできる。また、処理対象となるタリウム含有液中に、RO膜へのスケールの原因となる物質、例えば、シリカ、カルシウム、鉄、バリウム等が含まれている場合には、RO膜装置にタリウム含有液を送給する前に、予めこれらを除去すべくイオン交換樹脂槽あるいは活性炭吸着槽を設けておき、これらにより処理してから、タリウム含有液をRO膜装置に送給することが好ましい。
【0030】
次いで、RO膜装置により濃縮された液を、タリウムを選択的に吸着する吸着剤を充填した金属吸着剤充填槽3に送給し、タリウムを選択吸着させる(選択吸着工程:B)。金属吸着剤としては、上記したクラウンエーテルが固定されたシリカゲル等を用いる。金属吸着剤充填槽3を通過した廃液には、タリウムがほとんど含まれていないが、より一層排出するタリウム濃度を低減するためには、金属吸着剤充填槽3を通過した廃液を再度RO膜装置2に送り込むようにする。
【0031】
更に、金属吸着剤充填槽3を水で洗浄すると共に、その洗浄廃液を除去する。この洗浄液中に含まれる微量のタリウムについては、再度、洗浄廃液を貯槽1に戻すことによりタリウム回収率を高めるようにしてもよい。水洗浄に続いて、金属吸着剤充填槽3に対して0.1M程度のNaHSO 溶液を通流させ、金属吸着剤に吸着されているタリウムをタリウム塩(Tl SO )として溶離し、溶離液をタリウム回収槽5に回収してタリウム濃縮液を得る(金属溶離工程:C)。この場合、タリウム除去率は、タリウム含有液中の90〜99%という高い値が得られる。
【0032】
得られたタリウム塩からは、図示はしないが、必要に応じて還元処理されて金属タリウムを回収することもできる。例えば、タリウムが濃縮された回収液中に亜鉛板を投入して、これにスポンジ状タリウムを析出させると共に、これを加熱脱水後、高温に加熱して溶融し、金属タリウムを得る方法などである。更に、これを精製して純度を上げることも可能である。又、廃液槽6の貯留された廃液は、適宜排水処理されて放流させる。
【0033】
【実施例】
(実施例1)
タリウムを0.1mg/L含む廃液100Lを、ポリアミド系スパイラルタイプのRO膜装置に通流してタリウム濃度を濃縮して廃液中のタリウムを0.5mg/Lとすると共に、これを、クラウンエーテル(商品名:SuperLig332)が固定・坦持されたシリカゲルの充填槽に通液し、次いで0.1MのNaHSO 溶液を通流させて、タリウムをTl SO として回収した。タリウムを除去した廃液中のタリウム濃度を測定すると、0.001mg/L未満になっていた(除去率99%)。この場合、予めタリウム濃度を濃縮する工程を採用しているため、予めタリウム濃度を濃縮することなく従来の金属吸着剤槽を用いた場合に比べて、金属吸着剤槽中に必要な吸着剤量を約40%にすることができた。尚、タリウムの回収率は、99.0%であった。
【0034】
(実施例2)
実施例1と同様な方法で、RO膜装置により液量を約1/5に濃縮した後、上記した吸着剤により0.01mg/Lにまでタリウムを除去した。次いで、その液を再度RO膜装置に送給して、廃液中のタリウム濃度を0.001mg/L未満にした。この場合、金属吸着剤槽中に必要な吸着剤量を、従来の方法に比べて約1/3に低減できた。尚、タリウムの回収率としては99.0%が得られた。
【0035】
〔別実施の形態〕
(1)上記実施形態では、タリウム含有液中のタリウムを分離濃縮する方法として、RO膜装置を用いた例を示したが、これに代えて以下の方法により、濃縮してもよい。すなわち、図3に示すように、タリウム含有液を加熱濃縮装置9に送給してタリウムを蒸発濃縮し(蒸発濃縮工程:A’)、この蒸発濃縮された液を金属吸着剤充填槽3に送給してタリウムを吸着し(選択吸着工程:B)、タリウムを吸着した金属吸着剤充填槽3に溶離液を通流して、吸着したタリウムを溶離し(金属溶離工程:C)回収する方法である。この方法によっても、濃度の低いタリウム含有液に対して上記した方法と同様に高い回収率でタリウムを回収可能となる。タリウム含有液を加熱蒸発して得られる蒸留水は、カラムを洗浄する際に使用したり、工場内での各種用途に使用することができるのみならず、放流してもよい。尚、蒸発濃縮を行った際、固形物が析出する場合には、析出物を除去するための通常の固液分離処理を行えばよい。
【0036】
(2)更に、タリウム含有液中のタリウムを分離濃縮する方法として、タリウム含有液を上記加熱濃縮装置に送給してタリウムを蒸発濃縮した後、この残留物を、上記加熱濃縮装置の後段に配置したRO膜装置に送給して濃縮する方法を採用してもよい。その後は、上記実施形態に示した方法により処理する。このようにすると、タリウム含有液中のタリウム含有率がかなり低くても、効果的にタリウム回収率を高くすることができる。
【0037】
(3)水洗浄に続いて行う溶離工程におけるタリウム溶離液として、NaNO 溶液を用いることにより、タリウムをTlNO として回収してもよい。この場合、坦体としては耐酸性の高いアクリレート系などの樹脂性坦体を用いることが好ましい。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係るタリウム含有液処理装置の概略全体構成ブロック図
【図2】本発明に係るタリウム含有液処理方法を示すフローチャート
【図3】他の実施形態に係るタリウム含有液処理方法を示すフローチャート
【符号の説明】
2 RO膜装置
3 金属吸着剤充填槽
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a thallium-containing liquid treatment method and treatment equipment, and more particularly, to a thallium-containing liquid treatment method and treatment equipment for selectively adsorbing thallium with an adsorbent and eluting and recovering thallium from the adsorbed thallium.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Thallium has been used in optical fibers, semiconductors, optical lenses such as gradient index lenses, optical components, etc. in a large amount as oxides, fluorides, bromides, etc. due to the recent development of OA equipment and communication technology. When discarded as waste liquid (waste water) from these manufacturing plants or as waste from end users, thallium is a harmful heavy metal substance like lead, arsenic, etc., and its disposal poses a problem. Other than that, thallium is contained in cadmium ash and the like obtained as a by-product in the non-ferrous metal refining process, so that harmless treatment is required.
[0003]
Therefore, various methods have been implemented to recover thallium in waste liquid or waste. For example, there is a method of evaporating and solidifying, but this does not separate thallium from a solid obtained by evaporating and solidifying, and after performing an elution prevention treatment on the obtained solid, performs a management landfill treatment. .
[0004]
As a method of recovering thallium from a thallium-containing solid, for example, the following method is performed (Patent Document 1).
(1) The thallium-containing solid is eluted in a sulfuric acid solution.
[0005]
(2) After removing the residue from the eluate, an alkali agent such as soda ash is added to the filtrate to perform solid-liquid separation.
[0006]
(3) Sulfuric acid or the like is added to the alkali filtrate to adjust the pH to about 2 to 5, and then cementation is performed on a zinc plate to obtain sponge thallium.
[0007]
(4) The obtained sponge thallium is heated and melted in a reducing atmosphere and cast to obtain metal thallium.
[0008]
However, in this method, the process is complicated, and the solid-liquid separation operation has to be performed a plurality of times, so that many chemicals are used and the production cost is high.
[0009]
Therefore, the present inventors have proposed a method of simplifying the process and efficiently collecting and removing thallium (unpublished patent document 2). This method involves passing thallium-containing liquid through a column filled with an adsorbent such as silica gel loaded with crown ether, selectively adsorbing only thallium, and then passing the eluent through the column. Is a method for recovering the adsorbed thallium, which makes it possible to recover thallium in the waste liquid, which has not been generally performed conventionally.
[0010]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-56-136941 [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-124289 [Problems to be Solved by the Invention]
However, in the above method, when the amount of the metal adsorbent to be adsorbed is low in the thallium concentration in the liquid to be treated, a large amount of the adsorbent is required.
[0011]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a thallium-containing liquid treatment method and treatment equipment that can efficiently adsorb and remove thallium and efficiently recover thallium even when the thallium concentration in the waste liquid is low.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The above object is achieved by the invention described in each claim. That is, the characteristic structure of the thallium-containing liquid treatment method according to the present invention is that the thallium-containing liquid is fed to the RO membrane device to separate and concentrate metal ions containing thallium, and thallium is selected from the concentrated liquid by an adsorbent. And thallium is eluted and recovered by flowing an eluent through the adsorbed thallium.
[0013]
According to this configuration, the thallium in the thallium-containing liquid is selectively adsorbed, and the thallium concentration is increased beforehand when separating and removing the thallium, so that the collection efficiency is high even when the thallium content in the thallium-containing liquid is small, It can be efficient. Therefore, a large amount of adsorbent is not required, the adsorption equipment can be made small, space can be saved, and equipment costs and operation costs can be reduced.
[0014]
As a result, according to the present invention, even when the thallium concentration in the waste liquid is low, a thallium-containing liquid treatment method capable of efficiently adsorbing and removing thallium and efficiently collecting the thallium can be provided.
[0015]
As a method for treating a thallium-containing liquid according to the present invention, the thallium-containing liquid is heated and concentrated, and thallium is evaporated and concentrated, thallium is selectively adsorbed from the evaporated and concentrated liquid by an adsorbent, and an eluent is applied to the adsorbed thallium. The thallium may be eluted and recovered by flowing through.
[0016]
Also with this configuration, when the thallium concentration in the waste liquid is low, thallium can be efficiently adsorbed and removed, and a thallium-containing liquid treatment method that can be efficiently recovered can be provided.
[0017]
It is preferable that a carrier carrying crown ether is filled as the adsorbent.
[0018]
According to this configuration, it is possible to selectively and selectively adsorb thallium among various metals contained in the waste liquid. Therefore, thallium can be recovered at a high concentration in the subsequent elution step, and these can be reused as valuable metals, which is convenient.
[0019]
The characteristic configuration of the thallium-containing liquid treatment equipment according to the present invention is an RO membrane device for separating and concentrating metal ions containing thallium in the thallium-containing liquid, and selectively adsorbing thallium from the solution concentrated by the RO membrane device. The present invention has a metal adsorbent filling tank and an elution means for eluting thallium adsorbed by the metal adsorbent filling tank.
[0020]
According to this configuration, when the thallium concentration in the waste liquid is low, thallium can be efficiently adsorbed and removed, and in particular, even when the amount of the waste liquid is large, it is possible to provide a thallium-containing liquid treatment equipment that can be efficiently recovered. .
[0021]
Further, as the thallium-containing liquid treatment equipment according to the present invention, a heating and concentrating device for heating the thallium-containing liquid to evaporate and concentrate thallium, a metal adsorbent filling tank for adsorbing thallium in the evaporated and concentrated liquid, An elution unit for eluting and collecting thallium adsorbed on the metal adsorbent filling tank may be provided.
[0022]
Also with this configuration, similarly, when the thallium concentration in the waste liquid is low, thallium can be efficiently adsorbed and removed, and a thallium-containing liquid treatment facility that can be efficiently recovered can be provided. Costs can also be reduced by using waste heat from factories and the like.
[0023]
It is preferable that the metal adsorbent filling tank is filled with a carrier carrying crown ether as an adsorbent.
[0024]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing the overall configuration of a thallium-containing liquid processing apparatus according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a thallium-containing liquid processing method according to the present embodiment.
[0025]
This thallium-containing liquid treatment apparatus includes a storage tank 1 for storing a thallium-containing waste liquid or a thallium-containing substance dissolving liquid (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as “thallium-containing liquid”), and a thallium-containing liquid fed from the storage tank 1. Membrane device 2 with a built-in RO (reverse osmosis) membrane for separating and concentrating metal ions containing, and a metal adsorbent filled with an adsorbent for selectively adsorbing only thallium from the separated and concentrated thallium-containing liquid A tank 3, an eluent storage tank 4 for storing an eluent for eluting thallium adsorbed in the metal adsorbent filling tank 3, a thallium recovery tank 5 for collecting thallium eluted by the eluent, a metal adsorbent A waste liquid tank 6 for storing the thallium removal liquid that has passed through the filling tank 3, a cleaning liquid tank 7 for storing a cleaning liquid for cleaning the metal adsorbent filling tank 3, and a cleaning liquid tank for storing the washed waste liquid. It is configured to include a like washing waste liquid storage tank 8.
[0026]
As the RO membrane device 2, various types such as a hollow fiber module, a spiral module, a flat membrane module, and a pleated module can be used. When the thallium concentration in the treatment liquid is high, or the thallium concentration in the liquid from which thallium is removed, For example, when it is desired to reduce the number of layers, the number of stages of the membrane module may be increased. Further, when the liquid to be treated contains a substance that causes scale adhesion to the RO film, for example, silica, calcium, iron, barium, etc., an ion exchange resin or activated carbon is disposed as a pretreatment. It is preferable to allow the liquid to be treated to flow through these, in order to properly operate the RO membrane apparatus. As described above, the thallium concentration in the waste liquid can be increased by using the RO membrane device 2 for treatment, so that thallium can be removed even from a waste liquid having a low concentration such as rainwater flowing in a factory. It becomes easy to collect.
[0027]
The metal adsorbent packed tank 3 is composed of a column filled with a silica gel carrier on which a crown ether for selectively adsorbing thallium is fixed and supported. Specifically, the crown ether is preferably dicyclohexano-18-crown-6-ether (for example, trade name: SuperLig332 manufactured by IBC Advanced Inc.). The configuration of the metal adsorbent filling tank 3 may be a combination of a front column and a rear column arranged in series. In this case, the thallium is eluted by first passing the eluent through the front column, and the washing is also performed on the front column. In the next adsorption step, the same process is performed on the rear column. It is preferable to perform the flow and alternately perform the flow because the processing capacity is increased.
[0028]
As an eluent, a sodium hydrogen sulfate solution or the like can be used. The carrier is not limited to silica gel, and may be glass, alumina, titania, zirconia, sand, or the like, and various shapes such as a bead shape and a film shape can be used.
[0029]
Hereinafter, the method of treating the thallium-containing liquid will be described with reference to FIG. First, a thallium-containing liquid is fed from its storage tank 1 to an RO membrane device 2 having a built-in RO membrane, and subjected to RO membrane treatment, where metal ions containing thallium are separated and concentrated (RO membrane treatment step: A). The waste liquid from which thallium has been removed is discharged as it is or reused in a factory. In order to lower the thallium content in the waste liquid, the number of stages of the RO film in the RO membrane device may be increased as necessary, or the metal adsorbent may be arranged at the subsequent stage of the RO membrane device. By doing so, the thallium content in the waste liquid can be reduced to less than 1 ppb. When the thallium-containing liquid to be treated contains a substance that causes scale to the RO film, for example, silica, calcium, iron, barium, or the like, the thallium-containing liquid is supplied to the RO film apparatus. Before feeding, it is preferable to provide an ion exchange resin tank or an activated carbon adsorption tank in advance so as to remove them, to treat them, and then to feed the thallium-containing liquid to the RO membrane device.
[0030]
Next, the liquid concentrated by the RO membrane device is fed to a metal adsorbent filling tank 3 filled with an adsorbent for selectively adsorbing thallium, and thallium is selectively adsorbed (selective adsorption step: B). As the metal adsorbent, silica gel or the like to which the above-mentioned crown ether is fixed is used. Although the waste liquid that has passed through the metal adsorbent filling tank 3 contains almost no thallium, in order to further reduce the thallium concentration discharged, the waste liquid that has passed through the metal adsorbent filling tank 3 is reconstituted with an RO membrane device. Send it to 2.
[0031]
Further, the metal adsorbent filling tank 3 is washed with water, and the washing waste liquid is removed. With respect to a small amount of thallium contained in the cleaning liquid, the thallium recovery rate may be increased by returning the cleaning waste liquid to the storage tank 1 again. Following the water washing, a 0.1 M NaHSO 4 solution is passed through the metal adsorbent filling tank 3 to elute thallium adsorbed on the metal adsorbent as a thallium salt (Tl 2 SO 4 ). The eluate is collected in the thallium recovery tank 5 to obtain a thallium concentrate (metal elution step: C). In this case, the thallium removal rate is as high as 90 to 99% of the thallium-containing liquid.
[0032]
Although not shown, metal thallium can be recovered from the obtained thallium salt by a reduction treatment, if necessary. For example, there is a method in which a zinc plate is put into a thallium-concentrated recovery liquid, and sponge-like thallium is deposited thereon, and after heating and dehydration, the mixture is heated to a high temperature and melted to obtain metal thallium. . Further, it can be purified to increase the purity. Further, the waste liquid stored in the waste liquid tank 6 is appropriately drained and discharged.
[0033]
【Example】
(Example 1)
100 L of waste liquid containing 0.1 mg / L of thallium is passed through a polyamide-type spiral RO membrane apparatus to concentrate the thallium concentration to 0.5 mg / L of thallium in the waste liquid, and to convert the thallium into crown ether ( The solution was passed through a silica gel packed tank on which trade name: SuperLig332) was fixed and supported, and then passed through a 0.1 M NaHSO 4 solution to collect thallium as Tl 2 SO 4 . The thallium concentration in the waste liquid from which thallium had been removed was less than 0.001 mg / L (99% removal rate). In this case, the step of pre-concentrating the thallium concentration is employed, so that the amount of adsorbent required in the metal adsorbent tank is smaller than when using the conventional metal adsorbent tank without prior concentration of the thallium concentration. Of about 40%. The recovery of thallium was 99.0%.
[0034]
(Example 2)
In the same manner as in Example 1, the liquid amount was reduced to about 1/5 by the RO membrane device, and then thallium was removed to 0.01 mg / L by the above-mentioned adsorbent. Next, the liquid was supplied again to the RO membrane device, and the thallium concentration in the waste liquid was reduced to less than 0.001 mg / L. In this case, the amount of adsorbent required in the metal adsorbent tank could be reduced to about 1/3 as compared with the conventional method. The thallium recovery was 99.0%.
[0035]
[Another embodiment]
(1) In the above embodiment, as an example of a method for separating and concentrating thallium in a thallium-containing liquid, an example using an RO membrane device has been described. Alternatively, the thallium may be concentrated by the following method. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the thallium-containing liquid is supplied to the heating and concentration device 9 to evaporate and concentrate the thallium (evaporation concentration step: A ′), and the evaporated and concentrated liquid is placed in the metal adsorbent filling tank 3. A method of feeding and adsorbing thallium (selective adsorption step: B), flowing an eluent through the metal adsorbent filling tank 3 adsorbing thallium to elute the adsorbed thallium (metal elution step: C), and recovering the thallium. It is. This method also enables thallium to be recovered at a high recovery rate for a thallium-containing liquid having a low concentration, similarly to the above-described method. Distilled water obtained by heating and evaporating the thallium-containing liquid can be used not only when washing the column, but also for various uses in the factory, and may be discharged. In the case where a solid precipitates out when the evaporation and concentration are performed, a normal solid-liquid separation treatment for removing the precipitate may be performed.
[0036]
(2) Further, as a method for separating and concentrating thallium in the thallium-containing liquid, the thallium-containing liquid is fed to the above-mentioned heating and concentrating apparatus to evaporate and condense thallium. It is also possible to adopt a method of feeding and concentrating to an arranged RO membrane device. Thereafter, processing is performed by the method described in the above embodiment. In this way, even if the thallium content in the thallium-containing liquid is considerably low, the thallium recovery rate can be effectively increased.
[0037]
(3) Thallium may be recovered as TlNO 3 by using a NaNO 3 solution as a thallium eluent in an elution step performed after the water washing. In this case, it is preferable to use a resinous carrier such as an acrylate-based resin having high acid resistance as the carrier.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall block diagram of a thallium-containing liquid processing apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a thallium-containing liquid processing method according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a thallium-containing liquid processing method according to another embodiment. [Description of reference numerals]
2 RO membrane device 3 Metal adsorbent filling tank

Claims (6)

タリウム含有液をRO膜装置に送給してタリウムを含む金属イオンを分離濃縮し、この濃縮された液からタリウムを吸着剤により選択的に吸着し、吸着されたタリウムに溶離液を通流してタリウムを溶離し回収するタリウム含有液処理方法。The thallium-containing liquid is fed to the RO membrane device to separate and concentrate metal ions containing thallium, thallium is selectively adsorbed from the concentrated liquid by an adsorbent, and an eluent is passed through the adsorbed thallium. A thallium-containing liquid treatment method for eluting and recovering thallium. タリウム含有液を加熱濃縮してタリウムを蒸発濃縮し、この蒸発濃縮された液からタリウムを吸着剤により選択的に吸着し、吸着されたタリウムに溶離液を通流してタリウムを溶離し回収するタリウム含有液処理方法。Thallium is concentrated by heating the thallium-containing solution to evaporate and concentrate thallium.Thallium is selectively adsorbed by the adsorbent from the evaporated and concentrated solution, and thallium is passed through the eluent to the thallium to elute and collect thallium. Liquid-containing treatment method. 前記吸着剤として、クラウンエーテルを坦持した坦体が充填されている請求項1又は2のタリウム含有液処理方法。3. The method for treating a thallium-containing liquid according to claim 1, wherein a carrier carrying crown ether is filled as the adsorbent. タリウム含有液中のタリウムを含む金属イオンを分離濃縮するRO膜装置と、このRO膜装置によって濃縮された液からタリウムを選択的に吸着する金属吸着剤充填槽と、この金属吸着剤充填槽により吸着されたタリウムを溶離する溶離手段とを有するタリウム含有液処理設備。An RO membrane device for separating and concentrating metal ions containing thallium in the thallium-containing liquid, a metal adsorbent filling tank for selectively adsorbing thallium from the liquid concentrated by the RO membrane device, and a metal adsorbent filling tank A thallium-containing liquid treatment facility having an elution means for eluting the adsorbed thallium. タリウム含有液を加熱してタリウムを蒸発濃縮する加熱濃縮装置と、この蒸発濃縮された液中のタリウムを吸着する金属吸着剤充填槽と、この金属吸着剤充填槽に吸着したタリウムを溶離し回収する溶離手段とを有するタリウム含有液処理設備。A heating and concentrating device that evaporates and concentrates thallium by heating thallium-containing liquid, a metal adsorbent filling tank that adsorbs thallium in the evaporated and concentrated liquid, and eluting and recovering thallium adsorbed in the metal adsorbent filling tank And a thallium-containing liquid treatment facility having an elution means. 前記金属吸着剤充填槽には、吸着剤としてクラウンエーテルを坦持した坦体が充填されている請求項4又は5のタリウム含有液処理設備。The thallium-containing liquid treatment equipment according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the metal adsorbent filling tank is filled with a carrier supporting crown ether as an adsorbent.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101542286B1 (en) 2008-08-29 2015-08-06 스미토모 오사카 세멘토 가부시키가이샤 Thallium and potassium nitrate recovery method and recovery apparatus
KR101542287B1 (en) 2008-08-29 2015-08-06 스미토모 오사카 세멘토 가부시키가이샤 Thallium and potassium nitrate recovery method and recovery apparatus
JP2019193926A (en) * 2018-05-04 2019-11-07 广州大学 Manufacturing method of magnetic hydrothermal charcoal, and application thereof

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101542286B1 (en) 2008-08-29 2015-08-06 스미토모 오사카 세멘토 가부시키가이샤 Thallium and potassium nitrate recovery method and recovery apparatus
KR101542287B1 (en) 2008-08-29 2015-08-06 스미토모 오사카 세멘토 가부시키가이샤 Thallium and potassium nitrate recovery method and recovery apparatus
JP2019193926A (en) * 2018-05-04 2019-11-07 广州大学 Manufacturing method of magnetic hydrothermal charcoal, and application thereof

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