JP2004181379A - Method and apparatus for organic waste disposal - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for organic waste disposal Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004181379A
JP2004181379A JP2002352238A JP2002352238A JP2004181379A JP 2004181379 A JP2004181379 A JP 2004181379A JP 2002352238 A JP2002352238 A JP 2002352238A JP 2002352238 A JP2002352238 A JP 2002352238A JP 2004181379 A JP2004181379 A JP 2004181379A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
organic waste
larvae
larva
pupa
garbage
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Pending
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JP2002352238A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yoshio Shibata
良夫 柴田
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PUROTEKKU KK
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PUROTEKKU KK
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Priority to JP2002352238A priority Critical patent/JP2004181379A/en
Publication of JP2004181379A publication Critical patent/JP2004181379A/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and an apparatus for organic waste disposal that can realize a rapid treatment, odor control and low cost treatment. <P>SOLUTION: The apparatus for organic waste disposal comprises a larva rearing bed 5 for breeding red wigglers and larvae of black soldier flies, pupa blocking plates 4 installed above the larva rearing bed 5 on the inside wall of an enclosure 1, an inlet 3 for loading the organic waste located above the larva rearing bed 5 on the wall of the enclosure 1, a pupa collecting box 6 equipped with an opening (not drawn) for larvae or pupae coming out from the enclosure 1 located above the larva rearing bed 5 and below the pupa blocking plates 4, and a disposal residue withdrawing box 7 located at the bottom of the enclosure 1. The method for organic waste disposal comprises loading the organic waste from the inlet 3 for loading the organic waste as feed for the red wigglers and the larvae of black soldier flies in the larva rearing bed 5. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は有機廃棄物処理方法および有機廃棄物処理装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
【特許文献1】特開2000−070910号公報
【特許文献2】特開2001−286849号公報
従来、有機廃棄物処理方法および有機廃棄物処理装置として、微生物を含む生物を利用する方法および装置が知られている。
【0003】
たとえば、上記特許文献1に記載されているように、微生物を利用して、有機廃棄物である生ゴミの処理を行う生ゴミ処理方法および生ゴミ処理装置が知られている。また、上記特許文献2に記載されているように、ミミズを利用して、有機廃棄物である生ゴミの処理を行う生ゴミ処理装置が知られている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記生ゴミ処理方法および生ゴミ処理装置には、生ゴミ処理の時間が長い、処理中に異臭が発生する、特に微生物を利用する場合には生ゴミを撹拌するためのエネルギーを消費し、しかもその際に騒音が発生する、などの問題点がある。
【0005】
本発明の目的は、上記問題を解決し、処理の迅速化、異臭防止および処理コストの低減を可能とする有機廃棄物処理方法および有機廃棄物処理装置を提供することにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために、本発明は、請求項1に記載したように、
アブの幼虫を飼育し、有機廃棄物を該アブの幼虫に食餌として与えることを特徴とする有機廃棄物処理方法を構成する。
【0007】
また、本発明は、請求項2に記載したように、
アブの幼虫を飼育する幼虫飼育床を有することを特徴とする有機廃棄物処理装置を構成する。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
(実施の形態例1)
本発明に係る有機廃棄物処理方法の一実施の形態例を以下に説明する。
【0009】
屋外の土壌地面に縦横各30cm、深さ50cmの穴(以下、巣穴と呼ぶ)を堀り、巣穴の底部において、アメリカミズアブの幼虫を飼育する。飼育のための食餌としては、家庭で廃棄される生ゴミを用いることができる。
【0010】
アメリカミズアブの幼虫が1mm以下の体長から18mmの体長にまで成長するのに要する時間は2〜3週間であり、非常に成長が早い。成長過程において、幼虫は生ゴミを良く食し、食した生ゴミの体積よりも著しく少ない体積量の糞を排泄する。したがって、巣穴でアメリカミズアブの幼虫を飼育し、有機廃棄物である生ゴミをその幼虫に食餌として与えることによって生ゴミの迅速な処理を行うことができる。
【0011】
アメリカミズアブの幼虫は、生ゴミは勿論、落ち葉および紙などの有機物も食するため、有機物である新聞紙、包装紙等も併せて巣穴に投入し処理することもできる。特に、新聞紙を水平に重ねて与えておくと、表面の1枚は必ず食べずに残すので、幼虫の姿はその1枚に隠れて見えず、見た目に不快感を与えることがない。
【0012】
アメリカミズアブの幼虫は成長が早く、2〜3週間以内にはさなぎとなり、その後、羽化して成虫となってしまうので、巣穴への幼虫の補給が必要となるが、本実施の形態例におけるように、屋外の開放式巣穴で幼虫を飼育し、有機廃棄物を処理する場合には、巣穴で羽化した成虫が巣穴から離れ、巣穴外で花の蜜を吸う等の生活をした後に、その一部は巣穴に戻って次代の卵を産み、その卵が孵化して幼虫となるので、幼虫を補給するための対策は必要でない。
【0013】
4人家族の生ゴミ発生量は、5kg/日程度であり、これを1日以内に処理するためには、上記の巣穴に2〜3千匹程度の幼虫を飼育しているだけで十分である。
【0014】
また、幼虫は獣肉、魚介類、特に魚類の内蔵を好んで食するので、それらの食餌が腐敗する前に幼虫が食べてしまい、悪臭を発生することがない。
【0015】
上記の巣穴にシマミミズを併せて飼育すると、シマミミズは生ゴミとアメリカミズアブの幼虫の糞との両方を食するので、生ゴミ処理の能率が向上し、処理による体積減少率も向上(減少を正としたときに増大)する。
【0016】
本実施の形態例において、生ゴミ以外の有機廃棄物、たとえば豆腐製造の際に生じる大豆の搾りかす等を処理することが可能である。
【0017】
本実施の形態例においては、微生物利用生ゴミ処理の場合に必要であった撹拌がまったく不要であり、撹拌のための電力が不要であり、撹拌に伴う騒音も発生しない。
【0018】
(実施の形態例2)
本発明に係る有機廃棄物処理装置の一実施の形態例を図1に示す。図において1は装置の筐体であり、その一部分は網戸8となっている。筐体1の下部にはアメリカミズアブの幼虫およびシマミミズを飼育する幼虫飼育床5があり、幼虫飼育床5上部の筐体1内壁にはひさし状のさなぎ返し4が内壁をめぐるように設けられている。また、筐体1の天井からは成虫用餌台2が吊り下げられている。幼虫飼育床5上部の筐体1の側面上部には有機廃棄物投入口3があり、有機廃棄物投入口3は、有機廃棄物投入等、開口が必要な時以外は、懸垂式の蓋9によって閉じられている。幼虫飼育床5上部でさなぎ返し4よりも下部に位置する筐体1の側面外側には筐体1内部からの幼虫あるいはさなぎの進入口(図示せず)を有するさなぎ収集箱6が設けられている。筐体1の最下部には処理残渣取り出し箱7が設けられている。
【0019】
本実施の形態例を用いて有機廃棄物の処理を行う方法を以下に説明する。
【0020】
まず、幼虫飼育床5でアメリカミズアブの幼虫およびシマミミズを飼育する。最初に幼虫飼育床5を形成する方法としては、アメリカミズアブの卵が産み付けられている生ゴミと、シマミミズが生息している土壌とを混合して筐体1の底部に敷きつめ、アブの卵を孵化させる方法を用いてもよいし、すでにアメリカミズアブの幼虫およびシマミミズが生息している土壌を有機廃棄物と一緒に筐体1の底部に敷きつめる方法を用いてもよい。幼虫の数が有機廃棄物の処理を行うのに十分な数に達したならば、有機廃棄物投入口3の蓋9を開けて、生ゴミ等の有機廃棄物を装置内に投入する。
【0021】
幼虫飼育床5中の幼虫は有機廃棄物を餌として成育し、さなぎになる時期が近づいた幼虫、あるいはさなぎへの変態中で運動能力があるものは筐体1の内壁を登るようになるが、さなぎ返し4よりも上には登ることができずに、最終的には、筐体1内部と通じているさなぎ収集箱6中に集まる。このようにして集まり、変態を終えたさなぎの一部を羽化させて成虫とし、装置内に戻し、残部のさなぎは魚類あるいは鳥類の餌等として利用する。装置内の成虫は成虫用餌台2に置かれた蜂蜜等の餌によって生活し、装置内の有機廃棄物に卵を産み、その卵が孵化して次代の幼虫となる。
【0022】
処理前よりも著しく体積が減少した処理後の残渣は処理残渣取り出し箱7を装置から引き出すことによって、装置外に取り出される。この残渣は植物栽培用の肥料として利用することができる。
【0023】
本実施の形態例を用いる有機廃棄物処理方法においても、生ゴミ以外の有機廃棄物、たとえば豆腐製造の際に生じる大豆の搾りかす等を処理することが可能である。
【0024】
本実施の形態例においても、上記実施の形態例1と同様に、微生物利用生ゴミ処理の場合に必要であった撹拌がまったく不要であり、撹拌のための電力が不要であり、撹拌に伴う騒音も発生しない。
【0025】
(実施の形態例3)
本発明に係る有機廃棄物処理装置の他の実施の形態例を図2に示す。図において、3は有機廃棄物投入口であり、4はさなぎ返しであり、5は幼虫飼育床であり、10は処理残渣取り出し室であり、11は処理残渣取り出し室10への出入口であり、12は有機廃棄物投入口3を塞ぐためのシャッタであり、13は処理残渣取り出し室10側に設けられたさなぎ収集箱(図示せず)へ通じるさなぎ収集箱入口である。
【0026】
本実施の形態例を用いて有機廃棄物の処理を行う方法は、処理の規模が大きくなった点を除けば、上記実施の形態例2を用いて有機廃棄物の処理を行う方法と同様である。この場合には、処理の対象となる有機廃棄物は、たとえば、有機廃棄物15としてトラック14によって運ばれ、有機廃棄物投入口3から処理装置内に投入され、幼虫飼育床5中のアメリカミズアブの幼虫およびシマミミズによって処理される。処理後の残渣は処理残渣取り出し室10および出入口11を経て装置外部へ搬出される。
【0027】
幼虫飼育床5中のアメリカミズアブの幼虫は有機廃棄物を餌として成育し、さなぎになる時期が近づいた幼虫、あるいはさなぎへの変態中で運動能力があるものはさなぎ収集箱入口13からさなぎ収集箱(図示せず)に進入し、そこでさなぎとなる。このさなぎの一部を羽化させて成虫とし、幼虫飼育床5上方の装置内空間に戻し、残部のさなぎは魚類あるいは鳥類の餌等として利用する。装置内空間の成虫は成虫用餌(図示せず)によって生活し、装置内の有機廃棄物に卵を産み、その卵が孵化して次代の幼虫となる。
【0028】
本実施の形態例を用いる有機廃棄物処理方法においても、生ゴミ以外の有機廃棄物、たとえば豆腐製造の際に生じる大豆の搾りかす等を処理することが可能である。
【0029】
本実施の形態例においても、上記実施の形態例1および2と同様に、処理の迅速化が可能であり、悪臭が発生せず、撹拌のための電力が不要であり、撹拌に伴う騒音も発生しない。
【0030】
なお、上記の各実施の形態例において、貝殻、プラスチック等の処理残留物は幼虫飼育床5の表面近くに残留するので、それの除去は容易である。
【0031】
上記の各実施の形態例において、アメリカミズアブの幼虫に代えて、アメリカミズアブ以外の種類のアブの幼虫を用いることができる。その際に、幼虫の食性に応じて、複数の種類のアブの幼虫を併せて飼育してもよい。この場合に、植物系の有機廃棄物を好んで食餌とするアブの幼虫、たとえばシマハナアブの幼虫、コウカアブの幼虫、キイロコウカアブの幼虫等に併せて、動物系の有機廃棄物を好んで食餌とするアブの幼虫、たとえばメクラアブの幼虫、シロフアブの幼虫、ホソヒラタアブの幼虫等を飼育すれば、有機廃棄物を、植物系あるいは動物系に偏ることなく処理することができる。さらに、シマミミズ以外のミミズをシマミミズと併用または単独で利用してもよい。
【0032】
【発明の効果】
本発明の実施により、処理の迅速化、異臭防止および処理コストの低減を可能とする有機廃棄物処理方法および有機廃棄物処理装置を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る有機廃棄物処理装置の一実施の形態例を示す図である。
【図2】本発明に係る有機廃棄物処理装置の他の実施の形態例を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1…筐体、2…成虫用餌台、3…有機廃棄物投入口、4…さなぎ返し、5…幼虫飼育床、6…さなぎ収集箱、7…処理残渣取り出し箱、8…網戸、9…蓋、10…処理残渣取り出し室、11…出入口、12…シャッタ、13…さなぎ収集箱入口、14…トラック、15…有機廃棄物。
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an organic waste treatment method and an organic waste treatment device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-070910 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-286849 Conventionally, as an organic waste treatment method and an organic waste treatment apparatus, a method and an apparatus utilizing organisms including microorganisms have been known. Are known.
[0003]
For example, as described in Patent Document 1, there is known a garbage disposal method and a garbage disposal apparatus for treating garbage, which is an organic waste, using microorganisms. Further, as described in Patent Document 2, there is known a garbage disposal apparatus that processes garbage, which is an organic waste, using earthworms.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the garbage processing method and the garbage processing apparatus require a long garbage processing time, generate an unpleasant odor during the processing, and consume energy for stirring the garbage particularly when microorganisms are used. In addition, there is a problem that noise is generated at that time.
[0005]
It is an object of the present invention to provide an organic waste treatment method and an organic waste treatment apparatus which solve the above-mentioned problems and which can speed up treatment, prevent off-flavors and reduce treatment costs.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides, as described in claim 1,
A method of treating organic waste, comprising breeding larvae of a tabby and feeding organic waste to the larvae of the tab.
[0007]
Further, the present invention provides, as described in claim 2,
An organic waste treatment apparatus having a larva breeding bed for breeding tabby larvae is provided.
[0008]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
(Embodiment 1)
One embodiment of an organic waste treatment method according to the present invention will be described below.
[0009]
A hole (hereinafter, referred to as a burrow) having a length of 30 cm and a depth of 50 cm (hereinafter referred to as a burrow) is dug in the outdoor soil ground. Garbage discarded at home can be used as a feed for breeding.
[0010]
The time required for the larva of American waterflies to grow from a length of 1 mm or less to a length of 18 mm is 2-3 weeks, and the growth is very fast. During the growth process, the larva eats garbage well and excretes feces in a volume significantly less than the volume of garbage eaten. Therefore, the larvae of the American water flies can be bred in the burrows, and the garbage, which is an organic waste, can be fed to the larvae for prompt processing of the garbage.
[0011]
Since the larvae of American waterflies eat not only raw garbage but also organic substances such as fallen leaves and paper, they can also be put into burrows and treated with organic substances such as newspapers and wrapping paper. In particular, when newspapers are given horizontally in layers, one of the surfaces is always left without being eaten, so that the larva is hidden behind the one and cannot be seen, so that it does not give an unpleasant appearance.
[0012]
The larvae of the American water flies grow quickly, become pupae within 2-3 weeks, and then evolve into adults, so it is necessary to replenish the burrows with the larvae. When rearing larvae in open burrows and treating organic waste, adults living in the burrows leave the burrows and suck the flower nectar outside the burrows. After that, some of them return to their burrows to lay the next generation of eggs, which hatch into larvae, so no measures are needed to replenish the larvae.
[0013]
The amount of garbage generated by a family of four is about 5 kg / day. In order to treat this within one day, it is sufficient to breed about 2-3 thousand larvae in the above burrow. It is.
[0014]
In addition, since larvae prefer to eat meat, fish and shellfish, particularly fish, the larvae do not eat odors before their food rots, and do not generate bad smell.
[0015]
When the earthworms are bred together in the above burrows, the earthworms eat both the garbage and the larvae's dung of the American waterflies, so that the efficiency of the garbage treatment is improved and the volume reduction rate by the treatment is also improved ( Increases when positive).
[0016]
In this embodiment, it is possible to treat organic waste other than garbage, for example, soybean pomace generated during the production of tofu.
[0017]
In the present embodiment, the agitation that was required in the case of the garbage treatment using microorganisms is not required at all, no power is required for the agitation, and no noise is caused by the agitation.
[0018]
(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of an organic waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a housing of the apparatus, a part of which is a screen door 8. At the lower part of the housing 1, there is a larva breeding bed 5 for breeding the larva and the worm of the American waterflies. On the inner wall of the housing 1 at the upper part of the larva breeding floor 5, an eaves-shaped inverted back 4 is provided so as to go around the inner wall. I have. An adult feed stand 2 is suspended from the ceiling of the housing 1. An organic waste input port 3 is provided on the upper side of the casing 1 above the larva breeding floor 5, and the organic waste input port 3 is a suspension-type lid 9 except when an opening is required, for example, for inputting organic waste. Is closed by A pupa collection box 6 having a larva or pupa entrance (not shown) from the inside of the casing 1 is provided outside the side surface of the casing 1 located above the larva breeding bed 5 and below the flippers 4. I have. A processing residue removal box 7 is provided at the bottom of the housing 1.
[0019]
A method for treating organic waste using this embodiment will be described below.
[0020]
First, the larvae of the American waterflies and the worms are bred on the larva rearing bed 5. First, as a method of forming the larva breeding bed 5, a garbage on which the eggs of the American waterflies are laid and the soil where the worms inhabit are mixed and spread on the bottom of the housing 1, and the eggs of the flies are laid. May be used, or a method in which the soil in which larvae of the American waterflies and worms are already inhabiting may be laid on the bottom of the housing 1 together with the organic waste. When the number of larvae has reached a number sufficient to process organic waste, the lid 9 of the organic waste input port 3 is opened, and organic waste such as garbage is injected into the apparatus.
[0021]
The larvae in the larva breeding bed 5 grow on organic waste, and larvae approaching the pupa, or those that have the ability to exercise during transformation to the pupa, climb the inner wall of the housing 1. Cannot be climbed above the pupil turnover 4, and eventually gather in the pupa collection box 6 communicating with the inside of the housing 1. A part of the pupa which has gathered and has undergone metamorphosis in this manner is evolved into an adult, and is returned to the apparatus. The remaining pupa is used as food for fish or birds. Adults in the device live on food such as honey placed on the adult feeding stand 2, lay eggs on organic waste in the device, and the eggs hatch and become larvae of the next generation.
[0022]
The residue after the treatment, whose volume has been significantly reduced compared to that before the treatment, is taken out of the device by pulling out the treatment residue removal box 7 from the device. This residue can be used as fertilizer for plant cultivation.
[0023]
The organic waste treatment method according to the present embodiment can also treat organic waste other than garbage, for example, soybean pomace generated during the production of tofu.
[0024]
Also in the present embodiment, similarly to Embodiment 1 described above, the stirring that was necessary in the case of the microorganism-based garbage treatment is not required at all, and no electric power for stirring is required, which is accompanied by the stirring. No noise is generated.
[0025]
(Embodiment 3)
FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the organic waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention. In the figure, 3 is an organic waste input port, 4 is an upside-down, 5 is a larva breeding bed, 10 is a processing residue extraction chamber, 11 is an entrance to the processing residue extraction chamber 10, Reference numeral 12 denotes a shutter for closing the organic waste input port 3, and reference numeral 13 denotes a pupa collection box entrance which is connected to a pupa collection box (not shown) provided on the processing residue removal chamber 10 side.
[0026]
The method of treating organic waste using this embodiment is the same as the method of treating organic waste using Embodiment 2 except that the scale of treatment is increased. is there. In this case, the organic waste to be treated is carried, for example, as an organic waste 15 by the truck 14, is introduced into the treatment apparatus through the organic waste input port 3, and is stored in the larva breeding bed 5. Processed by larvae and worms. The residue after the treatment is carried out of the apparatus through the treatment residue removal chamber 10 and the entrance 11.
[0027]
The larvae of American waterflies in the larva breeding bed 5 grow on organic waste as feed, and larvae that are approaching pupae or those that have a motor capacity during transformation to pupae are collected from the pupa collection box entrance 13 Enters a box (not shown) where it becomes a pupa. A part of the pupa is evolved into an adult and returned to the space inside the apparatus above the larva breeding bed 5, and the remaining pupa is used as bait for fish or birds. Adults in the space inside the apparatus live on an adult bait (not shown), lay eggs on organic waste in the apparatus, and the eggs hatch and become larvae of the next generation.
[0028]
The organic waste treatment method according to the present embodiment can also treat organic waste other than garbage, for example, soybean pomace generated during the production of tofu.
[0029]
Also in this embodiment, as in the first and second embodiments, the processing can be speeded up, no odor is generated, no electric power is required for stirring, and the noise caused by stirring is also reduced. Does not occur.
[0030]
In addition, in each of the above-described embodiments, the processing residue such as the shell and the plastic remains near the surface of the larva breeding bed 5, so that it can be easily removed.
[0031]
In each of the above-described embodiments, a larva of a type of abalone other than the American baboon may be used in place of the larva of the American babby. At this time, a plurality of types of tabby larvae may be bred together depending on the feeding habits of the larvae. In this case, animal-based organic waste is preferred to feed along with larvae of tabby larvae that prefer to feed on plant-based organic waste, for example, larvae of zebra flies, larvae of terriers, and larvae of yellow-tailed cubs. By rearing the larvae of the tabby larvae, such as the larvae of the black-tailed tabby, the larva of the snowflies tabby, the larvae of the fly tabby, etc., the organic waste can be treated without being biased toward plant or animal systems. Further, earthworms other than the earthworm may be used in combination with the earthworm or alone.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
By carrying out the present invention, it is possible to provide an organic waste treatment method and an organic waste treatment apparatus which can speed up the treatment, prevent an odor, and reduce the treatment cost.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of an organic waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view showing another embodiment of the organic waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Housing, 2 ... Adult feeding stand, 3 ... Organic waste input port, 4 ... Puppies return, 5 ... Larval breeding floor, 6 ... Puppies collection box, 7 ... Processing residue removal box, 8 ... Screen door, 9 ... Lid, 10: Processing residue removal chamber, 11: Doorway, 12: Shutter, 13: Puppy collection box entrance, 14: Truck, 15: Organic waste.

Claims (2)

アブの幼虫を飼育し、有機廃棄物を該アブの幼虫に食餌として与えることを特徴とする有機廃棄物処理方法。A method for treating organic waste, comprising breeding larvae of a tabby and feeding organic waste to the larvae of the tab. アブの幼虫を飼育する幼虫飼育床を有することを特徴とする有機廃棄物処理装置。An organic waste treatment apparatus having a larva breeding floor for breeding tabby larvae.
JP2002352238A 2002-12-04 2002-12-04 Method and apparatus for organic waste disposal Pending JP2004181379A (en)

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CN101889629A (en) * 2010-06-13 2010-11-24 中山大学 Method for processing food waste by using black soldier fly larvae and material formula
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CN102350433A (en) * 2011-08-22 2012-02-15 广东省昆虫研究所 Process for treating restaurant-kitchen garbage by utilizing Hermitia illucens
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