JP2004169036A - 燃料経済性が改善された油組成物 - Google Patents
燃料経済性が改善された油組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2004169036A JP2004169036A JP2003391082A JP2003391082A JP2004169036A JP 2004169036 A JP2004169036 A JP 2004169036A JP 2003391082 A JP2003391082 A JP 2003391082A JP 2003391082 A JP2003391082 A JP 2003391082A JP 2004169036 A JP2004169036 A JP 2004169036A
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- Prior art keywords
- lubricating oil
- oil composition
- tbn
- oil
- composition according
- Prior art date
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- Granted
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- -1 alkaline earth metal alkylarylsulfonate Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydromaleimide Natural products O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 33
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000008055 alkyl aryl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N glycerol monolinoleate Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 58
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
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- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 16
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- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 15
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 14
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol Natural products OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 12
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- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 6
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenamine Chemical compound NC=C UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012208 gear oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
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- WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-pentanol Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)O WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000158728 Meliaceae Species 0.000 description 3
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;dioxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical group [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
- C10M2207/288—Partial esters containing free carboxyl groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/046—Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/52—Base number [TBN]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/54—Fuel economy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
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Abstract
【解決手段】主要量の潤滑粘度の油と全塩基価が約450〜550の油溶性の過塩基性アルカリ土類金属アルキルアリールスルホネート清浄剤及び平均分子量が450〜3000のポリアルキレンから誘導されたアルケニルコハク酸イミド分散剤を含む潤滑油組成物。
【選択図】 なし
Description
金属清浄剤は、燃焼過程および/または潤滑剤酸化の酸性副生成物を中和し、そして石鹸効果を与えてピストンや他の高温表面を清浄に保ち、それによりスラッジを防止するために、エンジン油用潤滑油配合物に広く用いられている。多数の異なる界面活性剤の種類が、種々の潤滑剤清浄剤を製造するのに使用されている。金属清浄剤の一般的な例としては次のものが挙げられる:スルホネート、アルキルフェネート、硫化アルキルフェネート、カルボキシレート、サリチレート、ホスホネート、およびホスフィネート。市販品では、一般に中性または過塩基性である。過塩基性金属スルホネートは一般に、炭化水素、スルホン酸、金属酸化物又は水酸化物(例えば、酸化カルシウムまたは水酸化カルシウム)、およびキシレン、メタノールおよび水などの促進剤の混合物を炭酸塩化することにより製造される。例えば過塩基性カルシウムスルホネートを製造するには、炭酸塩化に際して、酸化又は水酸化カルシウムをガス状の二酸化炭素と反応させて炭酸カルシウムを生成させる。スルホン酸を過剰のCaOまたはCa(OH)で中和し、スルホネートを生成させる。カルシウムスルホネートを過塩基化するための公知の先行技術方法は一般に、TBNが300乃至400mgKOH/gmかそれ以上の高アルカリ性前駆体を生成させる。市販のTBN約400までの高TBNスルホネートは、配合者が酸中和添加剤をより少量で使用することを可能にする一方で、同等の清浄性を維持し、これにより燃焼過程で高酸生成条件下でエンジンを充分に保護している。しかしながら、高TBNスルホネート製造の難しさは、何らかの公知の付加的な利益もなく、結果として許容できない水分許容度、不充分な混合性および高い清浄剤粘度に関係していて、配合者にこれら高TBN清浄剤を用いた潤滑油組成物を実験および/または開発することを止めさせている。本発明により、非常に高TBNのスルホネート(TBNが450より高い)をコハク酸イミド分散剤と一緒に、例えば自動車のクランクケース用エンジン油配合物に用いることが、燃料経済性の改善をもたらすことができることが明らかになった。
アリール基への1又は2アルキル結合を29モル%有するTBN500のアルキルアリールスルホネートの製造:連続反応器内で、ベンゼンとノルマルアルファオレフィンから誘導したC20−C24の線状オレフィンとを、弗化水素の存在下で反応させてこの生成物を生成させた。アルキレートを蒸留し、そして同時にそのアルキレート流中で、酸素と二酸化硫黄の混合物を酸化バナジウムを含む触媒炉に通すことにより生成した三酸化硫黄(SO3)を用いて、スルホン化を行う。スルホン化反応を、温度50−60℃の間、三酸化硫黄の流速76グラム/時、SO3:アルキレートのモル比0.8:1乃至1.2:1で、SO3を4容量%に希釈するのにベクターガスとして窒素を用いて行う。10%の100N油で希釈したのち熱処理して窒素を通気することにより、残留硫酸を取り除く。キシレンとメタノールキャリヤ中の水和石灰を過剰に加えることにより、この生成物を過塩基化し、そして温度20〜55℃で二酸化炭素を加えることにより炭酸塩化する。任意に、遠心分離に先立ってメタノール/水の除去中に水を79℃で導入する。高過塩基性の1又は2アルキル結合したアルキルアリールスルホネートの製造法については、PCT第WO 00/77015号公報に開示され、その開示内容も参照として本明細書の記載とする。得られた生成物は、全Ca18.8%、100℃粘度172cStを有するTBN502(ASTM D2896)のアルキルベンゼンスルホネートとみなされる。
アリール基への1又は2アルキル結合を29モル%有するTBN500のアルキルアリールスルホネートの製造:実施例1と同じ操作を行うが、過塩基性については、遠心分離に先立ってメタノール/水の除去中に続く水の添加をしない。
TBN500のアルキルベンゼンスルホネートの製造:油中の線状モノアルキル(名目はC18-20アルキル)ベンゼンスルホン酸(酸87%)19.71グラムを、1リットルの四ツ口反応フラスコに入れた。そのような酸は、ミックス・オイルS.P.A.社からミックスオイル1245として市販されている。これに、100Pペール油17.0グラム、ウィトコ社からペントロネートC-50Nとして市販されている線状ジアルキル(名目はドデシル)ベンゼンスルホネート52.66グラム、n−ヘプタン182.0グラム、メタノール18.96グラム、および水酸化カルシウム2.40グラムをフラスコに加えた。混合物を50℃で撹拌しながら1時間加熱する。次に、CaO42.64グラム、Ca(OH)237.56グラムを添加し、反応温度を60℃に上げることにより、混合物を過塩基化する。直ちに炭酸塩化の前に水3.6グラムを加える。混合物にCO2を188ml/分で135分間吹込むことにより、炭酸塩化を行う。粗生成物を濾過し、そして溶媒をストリッピングする前に、粗生成物200mlに100Pペール油15グラムを加える。線状アルキルベンゼンスルホネートのTBNは、TBN507である。
TBN500の合成及び天然スルホネートの製造:ジアルキルベンゼンスルホネート(合成カルシウムスルホネート)18.67重量部を含むブレンド、石油スルホネート6.9部、ヘプタン91部、メタノール8部、塩化カルシウム0.1部、酸化カルシウム10.82部、および水酸化カルシウム9.53部を、500mlの四ツ口反応フラスコ内で還流させ(60℃)、そして10分間反応させる。直ちに炭酸塩化の前に水0.9部を加える。CO2を速度40ml/分で導入し、135分後に止める。生成物を濾過し、そして低分子量ペール油4.3部を加える。この合成及び天然スルホネートは、TBN505、100℃動粘度334cSt、全Ca18%で、カルシウムスルホネート19.3%を含むことに特徴がある。
TBN500+の合成モノ/ジアルキルスルホネートの製造:合成モノアルキルベンゼンスルホン酸(エニモント社からMAPSとして入手できるC16-26アルキル)7.55グラム、合成ジアルキルベンゼンスルホネート(C10-18アルキル)15.44グラム、ペール油5.89グラム、n−ヘプタン91.0グラム、メタノール7.9グラム、および塩化カルシウム0.086グラムを含むブレンドを生成させる。混合物を、500mL(ミリリットル)の反応フラスコ内で15分間加熱して還流する。水酸化カルシウム0.88グラムを加え、そして50℃で30分間混合して混合物を中和する。中和後に、酸化カルシウム12.79グラム、および水酸化カルシウム11.27グラムを加えて混合物を過塩基化し、そして反応温度を60℃に上げる。この時点で、水1.10mLを加え、そして直ちに二酸化炭素を速度40mL/分で135分間導入する。生成物を濾過し、溶媒をストリッピングする。得られた合成モノ/ジアルキルスルホネートは、TBN値509/513に特徴がある。
TBN500+の混合合成スルホネートの製造:合成モノアルキルベンゼンスルホン酸(エニモント社からMAPSとして入手したC16-26アルキル)45.30グラム、合成ジアルキルベンゼンスルホネート(C10-18アルキル)92.64グラム、ペール油35.34グラム、n−ヘプタン798.00mL、メタノール47.40グラム、および塩化カルシウム0.516グラムを含むブレンドを生成させる。混合物を、3リットルの反応フラスコ内で15分間加熱して還流する。水酸化カルシウム5.28グラムを加え、そして50℃で30分間混合して混合物を中和する。中和後に、酸化カルシウム76.74グラム、および水酸化カルシウム67.62グラムを加えて混合物を過塩基化し、そして反応温度を60℃に上げる。この時点で、水6.6mLを加え、そして直ちに二酸化炭素を速度250mL/分で135分間導入する。生成物を濾過し、溶媒をストリッピングする。得られた合成スルホネートは、TBN値528およびカルシウム20.9%に特徴がある。
TBN500+の混合合成スルホネートの製造:合成モノアルキルベンゼンスルホン酸(エニモント社からMAPSとして入手したC16-26アルキル)3.1ポンド(lbs)、合成ジアルキルベンゼンスルホネート(C10-18アルキル)8.7ポンド(lbs)、ヘプタン38ポンド(lbs)、100Pペール油2.2ポンド(lbs)、メチルアルコール5.6ポンド(lbs)、および水酸化カルシウム0.56ポンド(lb)を含むブレンドを生成させる。この混合物を10ガロンの反応器内で還流し(57℃)、55〜60℃で1時間撹拌してスルホン酸を中和する。中和後に、反応混合物を40℃まで冷却する。酸化カルシウム6.4ポンド(lbs)、水酸化カルシウム5.6ポンド(lbs)、塩化カルシウム25グラム、および水0.5ポンド(lb)を加えて混合物を過塩基化する。反応混合物の温度を60℃に上げ、そして二酸化炭素全部でCO26.6ポンド(lbs)を3時間に渡って一定速度で加える。得られた粗生成物を40℃で濾過し、次いで溶媒を120℃でストリッピングする。ストリッピングした濾液は、TBNがTBN575を有するとみなされ、これに100Pペール油を適量加えて、TBN値500、100℃動粘度82cStに特徴がある合成スルホネートを得る。
本発明の組成物に用いられる分散剤は、アルケニルコハク酸イミド、アルケニルコハク酸無水物およびアルケニルコハク酸エステルなどの無灰分散剤、またはこのような分散剤の混合物である。
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、高TBNスルホネート清浄剤および分散剤と潤滑粘度の油(基油)とを単にブレンドまたは混合することにより、都合よく製造することができる。また、本発明の化合物は、所望の濃度の添加剤を含む潤滑油組成物のブレンドを容易にするために、濃縮物またはパッケージとして、その他各種の添加剤と一緒に適当な比率でプレブレンドすることもできる。本発明の化合物は、所望の完成潤滑油において燃料経済性の改善をもたらし、油に可溶性で、かつ他の添加剤と混合性がある濃度で、基油とブレンドされる。この場合の混合性は一般に、本化合物が、適用可能な処理速度で油溶性であるのと同じように、他の添加剤も標準条件下で沈殿させないことを意味する。潤滑油配合物のある化合物に対する好適な油溶性/混合性の範囲は、当該分野の一般的な熟練者によって日常の溶解度試験法を用いて決定することができる。例えば、周囲条件(約20℃−25℃)での配合潤滑油組成物からの沈殿は、油組成物からの実際の沈殿、あるいは不溶性ワックス状粒子の形成の証拠となる「濁った」溶液の配合によって測定することができる。
TBN500のカルシウムアルキルアリールスルホネート清浄剤(清浄剤1)55.0ミリモル/キログラムを、基準配合物(前述したものであり、完全配合の乗用車クランクケース用エンジン油の代表的なものである)にブレンドした。シーケンスVIBスクリーナーという名称のシーケンスVIB試験の短縮型を使用してエンジン試験を行うことによって、燃料経済性を求めた。シーケンスVIB(ASTM D6837)は、乗用車および低摩擦エンジンを備えた軽量トラックの燃料経済性を改善する潤滑剤の能力を測定する、エンジン動力計試験である。その方法は、五つの異なる作動段階にわたって試験潤滑剤の性能を基準潤滑剤の性能と比較する。標準シーケンスVIB試験は、基準油(BC)における2回の五段階燃料経済性測定、試験の開始時(I相)に1回、終了時(II相)に1回からなる各試験と、フラッシ及び運転型操作とを組み合わせたものである。2回の基準運転で試験油の評価を行う。1500r/分および油温度125℃でのエンジン作動16時間の間に試験油が最初に経時変化した後、候補試験油の1相燃料経済性を算出する。次いで、エンジン速度2250r/分および油温度135℃で80時間。試験油をもう一度五段階燃料経済性測定にかける。基準油の燃料経済と比較した候補油の1相及び2相燃料経済改善性を算出する。短縮したシーケンスVIBスクリーナーでは、I相燃料経済性のみを厳密な調整無しで求める。算出した燃料経済性改善は、現在製造されている車両のうちの代表的な車両を、現在のEPA(環境保護局)試験サイクルの下で運転して得られた燃料経済性の結果に等しい。合格の判定基準は、ここで使用するとき、ASTM基準(参照油BC)に対する燃料経済性改善の最小%に関係し、SAE0W−20および5W−20粘度グレードではI相(16時間経過)後で少なくとも最小2.4%であり、SAE0W−30および5W30粘度グレードでは最小2.0%であり、そしてその他全てのSAE多粘度グレードでは少なくとも1.3%である。本発明の場合には、実施例1の潤滑油組成物は燃料経済性改善2.65%で、合格の結果を与えた。
Claims (24)
- 下記の成分を含む潤滑油組成物:
主要量の潤滑粘度の油、
全塩基価(TBN)が約450乃至550の油溶性の過塩基性アルカリ土類アルキルアリールスルホネート清浄剤、および
平均分子量が450乃至3000のポリアルキレンから誘導されたアルケニルコハク酸イミド分散剤。 - TBNが475より高い請求項1に記載の潤滑油組成物。
- TBNが480乃至500の範囲にある請求項2に記載の潤滑油組成物。
- アルカリ土類金属がカルシウムである請求項1に記載の潤滑油組成物。
- スルホネート清浄剤が、C14-40の炭素原子を含む線状ノルマルアルファオレフィンであって、少なくとも13モル%のアルキル基がアルキル基の1位又は2位でアリール基に結合しているアルファオレフィンから誘導されたものである請求項4に記載の潤滑油組成物。
- ポリアルキレン基が、平均分子量が900乃至2300のポリイソブテニルである請求項1に記載の潤滑油組成物。
- ポリイソブテニルコハク酸イミドがエチレンカーボネートで後処理されている請求項6に記載の潤滑油組成物。
- さらに、摩擦調整剤を含む請求項1に記載の潤滑油組成物。
- 摩擦調整剤がホウ酸化グリセロールモノオレエートエステルである請求項8に記載の潤滑油組成物。
- さらに、リン成分を含む請求項1に記載の潤滑油組成物。
- リン成分がジアルキルジチオリン酸塩であり、そして組成物の全リン量がリン元素として0.10質量%以下である請求項10に記載の潤滑油組成物。
- 下記の成分からなる内燃機関用潤滑油組成物:
(a)主要量の潤滑粘度の基油、
(b)0.5%〜10%の全塩基価(TBN)が約450乃至550の過塩基性カルシウムアルキルアリールスルホネート清浄剤、
(c)1%〜20%の平均分子量450乃至3000のポリアルキレンから誘導されたカーボネート処理したアルケニルコハク酸イミド分散剤、
(d)0.05%〜1.0%の摩擦調整剤、および
(e)0.25%〜1.2%のジアルキルジチオリン酸亜鉛、
[ただし、添加剤の%は潤滑油組成物全体の重量に基づく重量%である]。 - 約10%〜80%の全塩基価(TBN)が約450乃至550の過塩基性カルシウムアルキルアリールスルホネート清浄剤、および約10%〜60%の平均分子量450乃至3000のポリアルキレンから誘導されたアルケニルコハク酸イミド分散剤、および約1%〜10%の混合性有機液体希釈剤からなる濃縮物。
- ガソリン内燃機関の燃料経済を改善する方法であって、主要量の潤滑粘度の油、および燃料節約量のTBNが450より高い油溶性のアルカリ土類アルキルアリールスルホネート清浄剤と、平均分子量が450乃至3000のポリアルキレンから誘導されたアルケニルコハク酸イミド分散剤とを含む潤滑油組成物を用いて、該内燃機関を作動させることからなる方法。
- 清浄剤のTBNが460乃至550である請求項14に記載の方法。
- TBNが475乃至500である請求項15に記載の方法。
- アルカリ土類金属がカルシウムである請求項14に記載の方法。
- スルホネート清浄剤が、C14-40の炭素原子を含む線状ノルマルアルファオレフィンであって、少なくとも13モル%のアルキル基がアルキル基の1位又は2位でアリール基に結合しているアルファオレフィンから誘導されたものである請求項14に記載の方法。
- ポリアルキレン基が、平均分子量が900乃至2300の範囲のポリイソブテニルである請求項14に記載の方法。
- ポリイソブテニルコハク酸イミドがエチレンカーボネートで後処理されている請求項14に記載の方法。
- さらに、摩擦調整剤を含む請求項14に記載の方法。
- 摩擦調整剤がホウ酸化グリセロールモノオレエートエステルである請求項21に記載の方法。
- さらに、リン成分を含む請求項14に記載の方法。
- リン成分がジアルキルジチオリン酸塩であり、そして組成物の全リン量がリン元素で0.10質量%以下である請求項23に記載の方法。
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JP2004169036A true JP2004169036A (ja) | 2004-06-17 |
JP2004169036A5 JP2004169036A5 (ja) | 2007-01-11 |
JP4921691B2 JP4921691B2 (ja) | 2012-04-25 |
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JP2003391082A Expired - Lifetime JP4921691B2 (ja) | 2002-11-21 | 2003-11-20 | 燃料経済性が改善された油組成物 |
Country Status (5)
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US (1) | US6790813B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1422286B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4921691B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2442764C (ja) |
SG (1) | SG134990A1 (ja) |
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0930697A (ja) * | 1995-07-14 | 1997-02-04 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | テープレススプライス時の張力制御方法 |
JP2007023290A (ja) * | 2005-07-20 | 2007-02-01 | Chevron Oronite Sa | 線状オレフィン誘導のアルキルアリールスルホネート清浄剤混合物 |
JP2007063336A (ja) * | 2005-08-29 | 2007-03-15 | Chevron Oronite Co Llc | 内燃機関用潤滑油組成物 |
KR100695577B1 (ko) | 2005-10-18 | 2007-03-14 | 한국화학연구원 | 술포닐이미드계 음이온 계면활성제 |
JP2007284678A (ja) * | 2006-04-12 | 2007-11-01 | Chevron Oronite Co Llc | 超過塩基性のポリアルケニルスルホネートとアルキルアリールスルホネートとの組成物およびその製造方法 |
JP2009529603A (ja) * | 2006-04-26 | 2009-08-20 | アール.ティー. ヴァンダービルト カンパニー インコーポレーティッド | 潤滑組成物用抗酸化相乗剤 |
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JP2016166333A (ja) * | 2011-11-15 | 2016-09-15 | シェブロン・オロナイト・カンパニー・エルエルシー | グリセロール含有機能性液体 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2442764C (en) | 2012-03-20 |
EP1422286B1 (en) | 2017-03-15 |
CA2442764A1 (en) | 2004-05-21 |
US6790813B2 (en) | 2004-09-14 |
US20040102336A1 (en) | 2004-05-27 |
JP4921691B2 (ja) | 2012-04-25 |
EP1422286A1 (en) | 2004-05-26 |
SG134990A1 (en) | 2007-09-28 |
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