JP2004141067A

JP2004141067A - Method for cultivating burdock

Info

Publication number: JP2004141067A
Application number: JP2002309893A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Tatsuya Hayashida; 林田　達也
Original assignee: Fukuoka Prefecture
Current assignee: Fukuoka Prefecture
Priority date: 2002-10-24
Filing date: 2002-10-24
Publication date: 2004-05-20
Anticipated expiration: 2022-10-24
Also published as: JP3935816B2

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for cultivating burdocks, which requires no large-scale equipment such as a hydroponics apparatus, avoids winter dormancy by seed treatment and harvests early dug burdocks in a season conventionally regarded as the between-crop season of early dug burdocks. <P>SOLUTION: Water is absorbed in burdock seeds in flowing water, the water-absorbed seeds are treated at a low temperature in the dark for a fixed period. Consequently, the burdock seeds are not dormant in winter even in sowing before the latter part of October, two or more green leaves are secured, hypertrophy of roots is promoted and early dug burdocks are harvested in a season from January to March conventionally regarded as the between-crop season of early dug burdocks. Early dug burdocks are obtained in a stable yield by application to early dug burdocks in November to December before the end of the year. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ゴボウの栽培方法、とくに若掘りゴボウを端境期に出荷する際の若掘りゴボウの収量を向上させる栽培方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
ゴボウは、植物繊維が多く、フラクトオリゴ糖を含むなど、健康野菜として優れた根菜である。きんぴら、煮物、天ぷらなどからサラダ用にいたるまで、種々に調理され食されている。
【０００３】
ところで、若掘りゴボウは一般に１月から３月は端境期となっている。この理由は、ゴボウを通常の方法で１０月下旬以前に早播きすると、休眠により若々しさと柔らかさを象徴する葉が枯れ、根の肥大が不良となり商品価値がなくなるためである。この休眠を回避する方法として、研究段階では植物成長調節剤であるジベレリンを施設栽培下で散布する方法が知られているが、このジベレリンは農薬として登録されておらず、また、商品性を低下させる異常茎を発生させたり、低温下で効果が不安定になったりして、現状では使用することができない。
一方、端境期の前に収穫可能な若掘りゴボウの作型がある。この若掘りゴボウの作型は、９月に播種して１２月には収穫できる作型であるが、気象条件や年次によって収量が不安定である。
【０００４】
このような問題や露地栽培の作業の繁雑性を解消する栽培法として、ゴボウの水耕栽培法が提案されている。この水耕栽培法は、ゴボウを所定深さのタンク状のベッド内で培養液により栽培するようにし、前記培養液の液面をゴボウの根部に対して所定時間ごとに上下動させるようにした栽培法である（たとえば特許文献１参照）。この水耕栽培法によれば、良質のゴボウを省力的に短期間に安定して生産することができる、とされている。
【０００５】
【特許文献１】
特開平１０−４１号公報（段落番号０００５−００１７）
【０００６】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
特許文献１に記載のような水耕栽培法によれば、気象条件に左右されることなくゴボウの栽培が可能ではあるが、このような水耕栽培により大量のゴボウの生産を実施するためには、光を通さない材料で形成されたタンク状のベッド、ベッド内に配設する水中ポンプ、ポンプを作動させて仕切られたベッドの培養液の液面を上下動させる装置などの大掛かりな設備を数多く必要とし、一般の農家でこのような水耕栽培を導入することは極めて困難である。
【０００７】
本発明が解決すべき課題は、水耕栽培装置のような大掛かりな設備を必要とすることなく、種子の処理によって冬期の休眠を回避して、従来若掘りゴボウの端境期とされていた時期に若掘りゴボウの収穫を可能とすることにある。
【０００８】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明のゴボウの栽培方法は、ゴボウの種子を流水中で吸水させた後、吸水種子を暗黒下で一定期間、低温処理し、処理後の種子を通常の方法により露地栽培することを特徴とする。
【０００９】
このような吸水低温処理を行うことによってゴボウの種子は、発芽が促進されて生育が旺盛となる。この種子は、１０月下旬以前に播いても冬期に休眠することがなく、２枚以上の生葉が確保でき、根の肥大が促進されて、従来若掘りゴボウの端境期とされていた１月から３月の間に収穫することができる。また、１１月〜１２月採りのゴボウに適用して安定した収量を得ることもできる。この低温暗黒処理は大掛かりな設備を必要とせず、農業協同組合などが保有している既存の予冷庫を用いて行うことができ、さらに播種以降の作業は通常のゴボウの栽培と同様な方法で実施できるので、農家においても容易に導入することができる。
【００１０】
ここで、流水中での種子の吸水は１２〜２４時間の範囲とし、吸水後の種子は乾燥を防ぐために合成樹脂フィルム製の袋などに入れて暗黒処理する。暗黒下での低温処理の期間は１７〜３５日間とし、０〜４℃の低温下で、完全に光を遮断した暗黒状態で保持する。
吸水時間が１２時間より短いと吸水が不十分となり、２４時間より長くなるとその後の処理期間中に発芽が促進されるので好ましくない。処理期間が１７日未満であると播種、発芽後の二枚葉の生育が不十分となり、３５日を超えると処理期間中に発芽が進み、播種ができなくなるので、処理期間は前記範囲が望ましい。処理温度が０℃より低くなると種子が凍結して障害を受け、４℃を超えると発芽が進みすぎて播種ができなくなるので、処理温度は前記範囲が望ましい。
【００１１】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、実施例に基づいて実施形態を説明する。
〔実施例１〕
ゴボウの種子（裸種子およびシーダーテープ）を１２時間、流水中で吸水させた後、乾燥を防ぐためにビニル袋に入れて、３０〜３５日間、温度４℃で暗黒処理を行った。処理中は種子が乾燥していないかを確認し、乾燥していれば適宜水分を補給した。この処理により発芽によるロスが最大１５％程度生じた。この発芽種子を除き、処理後の種子を１０月上旬から中旬に播種をし、従来と同様にトンネルマルチ栽培を行った。トンネルの被覆は１２月中旬に行い、トンネル被覆後は地上部の伸長生長が盛んになり過繁茂となってトンネルに接触し、採光が悪くなって葉焼けをおこしやすくなるので、トンネル被覆後２週間くらいは温度が高くならないよう換気した。この方法により１月以降の休眠による展葉停止と葉枯れを防止し、生葉を２枚以上確保することができた。また、根が肥大することにより１月下旬〜３月下旬に収穫することが可能であった。
【００１２】
〔実施例２〕
種子の吸水低温処理による休眠回避に対する効果は、品種および播種日により異なった。すなわち、１０月上旬播種で１月下旬〜２月上旬収穫を行う場合は、ゴボウ品種「てがる」を、１０月中旬播種で２月中旬〜３月下旬収穫を行う場合は、ゴボウ品種「渡辺早生」を用いることで可能であった。
【００１３】
〔実施例３〕
ゴボウの種子（裸種子およびシーダーテープ）を１２時間、流水中で吸水させた後、乾燥を防ぐためビニル袋に入れて、３０日間、温度４℃で暗黒処理を行った。処理中は種子が乾燥していないかを確認し、乾燥していれば適宜水分を補給した。この種子を９月中旬に播種し、マルチ栽培を行った結果、発芽後の生育および根の肥大が促進され、１２月収穫で増収の効果が認められた。
【００１４】
〔試験例１〕
図１は吸水低温処理した種子と無処理の種子についての、葉数と生葉数の推移を示す図である。
品種は渡辺早生で、播種は１０月１５日、トンネル被覆は１２月１６日である。種子の吸水低温処理条件は、流水中で１２時間の吸水後、４℃で３５日間の暗黒処理である。
図１からわかるように、無処理の場合は、１月以降は生葉数が大幅に減少し、葉数の増加はほとんどみられなかった。吸水低温処理した種子は、生葉は減少することなく、葉数も増加した。
【００１５】
〔試験例２〕
表１は試験例１のゴボウの収穫物の生育と収量を示す表である。調査日は２月１５日で、収量は地上部が枯死していない、根重３０ｇ以上で岐根のないものについて算出した。
【表１】

調査日時点で、種子処理なしのゴボウは休眠して地上部が完全に枯死し、根が肥大していなかった。種子処理ありのゴボウは休眠せず、生葉が２枚以上あり、根も十分肥大していた。
【００１６】
〔試験例３〕
表２は試験例１と同じ条件で種子を吸水低温処理したゴボウ品種「てがる」と「渡辺早生」の生育と収量を示す表である。播種日は１０月２日、調査日は１月３０日で、収量は生葉２枚以上で岐根がなく、平均根重が３０ｇ以上の試験区のものについて算出した。
【表２】

調査日時点で、種子処理なしのゴボウ品種「てがる」は、根の肥大が不十分であった。種子処理ありの「てがる」は、生葉が３枚以上あり、根の肥大も十分であった。ゴボウ品種「渡辺早生」は、１０月中旬播種で２月中旬以降収穫の場合（試験例２の条件）は種子処理の効果が高いが、１０月上旬播種で１月下旬〜２月上旬収穫の場合（試験例３の条件）は種子処理の効果が低かった。
【００１７】
〔試験例４〕
表３は試験例１と同じ条件で種子を吸水低温処理したゴボウ品種「渡辺早生」の生育と収量を示す表である。播種日は９月１１日、調査日は１２月３日で、収量は根重が３０ｇ以上の試験区のものについて算出した。
【表３】

播種から８０日後の１２月上旬時点で、種子処理ありのゴボウは処理なしのゴボウに比べて地上部の生育が優れ、収量も増加した。
【００１８】
以上の試験結果から、休眠回避に対する種子の吸水低温処理の効果は、品種および播種時期により異なることがわかった。図２に、これらの結果に基づいて作成したゴボウの新作型の例を従来型とともに示す。
【００１９】
【発明の効果】
ゴボウの種子を流水中で吸水させた後、吸水種子を暗黒下で一定期間、低温処理することによって、ゴボウの種子は、１０月下旬以前に播いても冬期に休眠することがなく、二枚以上の生葉が確保でき、根の肥大が促進されて、従来若掘りゴボウの端境期とされていた１月から３月の間に収穫することができる。また、年内の１１月〜１２月での若掘りゴボウに適用して安定した収量を得ることもできる。この吸水低温処理は大掛かりな設備を必要とせず、既存の予冷庫を用いて行うことができ、さらに播種以降の作業は通常のゴボウの栽培と同様な方法で実施できるので、農家においても容易に導入することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】吸水低温処理した種子と無処理の種子についての、葉数と生葉数の推移を示す図である。
【図２】本発明に基づくゴボウの新作型の例を従来型とともに示す図である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a burdock cultivation method, and more particularly to a cultivation method for improving the yield of a young burdock burdock when shipping it.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Burdock is an excellent root vegetable as a healthy vegetable because it has a lot of plant fiber and contains fructooligosaccharides. It is cooked and eaten in various ways, from kinpira, stewed foods, tempura to salads.
[0003]
By the way, young burdock burdock is generally in an off-season period from January to March. The reason for this is that if burdock is sown early in the usual manner before late October, leaves that symbolize youthfulness and tenderness will die due to dormancy, resulting in poor root enlargement and loss of commercial value. As a method of avoiding dormancy, a method of spraying gibberellin, a plant growth regulator, under institutional cultivation at the research stage is known, but this gibberellin has not been registered as a pesticide, and its commercial value has been reduced. At present, it cannot be used because it causes abnormal stems to be produced or the effect becomes unstable at low temperatures.
On the other hand, there is a young burdock burrow that can be harvested before the off-season. The cropping type of this young burdock burdock is a cropping type that can be sown in September and harvested in December, but the yield is unstable depending on weather conditions and yearly.
[0004]
As a cultivation method that eliminates such problems and the complexity of the work of open-field cultivation, a hydroponics method of burdock has been proposed. In this hydroponic cultivation method, burdock is cultivated with a culture solution in a tank-like bed having a predetermined depth, and the liquid level of the culture solution is moved up and down at predetermined time intervals with respect to the root of the burdock. This is a cultivation method (for example, see Patent Document 1). According to this hydroponic cultivation method, it is said that high-quality burdock can be stably produced in a short time in a labor-saving manner.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-10-41 (paragraph number 0005-0017)
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
According to the hydroponic cultivation method as described in Patent Literature 1, burdock cultivation is possible without being affected by weather conditions. However, in order to carry out the production of a large amount of burdock by such hydroponic cultivation, Is a large-scale facility such as a tank-shaped bed made of a light-impermeable material, a submersible pump placed in the bed, and a device that operates the pump to move the liquid level of the culture liquid up and down in the partitioned bed. It is extremely difficult to introduce such hydroponic cultivation to ordinary farmers.
[0007]
The problem to be solved by the present invention is to avoid winter dormancy by treating seeds without requiring a large-scale facility such as a hydroponic cultivation apparatus, and at a time when the digging burdock was conventionally used as an offshore season. It is to enable harvesting of young burrows.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The burdock cultivation method of the present invention is characterized in that after burdock seeds are absorbed in running water, the water-absorbed seeds are subjected to low-temperature treatment in the dark for a certain period of time, and the treated seeds are cultivated in the open field by a usual method. I do.
[0009]
By performing such a water-absorbing low-temperature treatment, burdock seeds are promoted to germinate and grow vigorously. Even if the seeds are sown before late October, they do not become dormant in the winter season and can secure two or more fresh leaves, promote root enlargement, and have been used as the off-peak season of young burrows since January. It can be harvested during March. In addition, a stable yield can be obtained by applying to burdock harvested from November to December. This low-temperature dark treatment does not require large-scale equipment, and can be performed using an existing pre-cooled refrigerator held by an agricultural cooperative or the like, and the work after sowing is performed in the same manner as ordinary burdock cultivation. Since it can be implemented, it can be easily introduced to farmers.
[0010]
Here, the water absorption of the seeds in running water is set in the range of 12 to 24 hours, and the seeds after the water absorption are put in a bag made of a synthetic resin film or the like and dark-treated to prevent drying. The period of the low-temperature treatment in the dark is 17 to 35 days, and the device is kept at a low temperature of 0 to 4 ° C. in a dark state in which light is completely blocked.
If the water absorption time is shorter than 12 hours, water absorption becomes insufficient, and if it is longer than 24 hours, germination is promoted during the subsequent treatment period, which is not preferable. If the treatment period is less than 17 days, seeding, the growth of the two leaves after germination becomes insufficient, and if it exceeds 35 days, germination proceeds during the treatment period, sowing cannot be performed, so the treatment period is preferably in the above range. . When the treatment temperature is lower than 0 ° C., the seeds freeze and are damaged, and when the treatment temperature is higher than 4 ° C., germination progresses too much and sowing cannot be performed.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments will be described based on examples.
[Example 1]
Burdock seeds (naked seeds and cedar tape) were allowed to absorb water in running water for 12 hours, then placed in a vinyl bag to prevent drying, and dark-treated at 4 ° C for 30 to 35 days. During the treatment, it was checked whether the seeds were dry. If the seeds were dry, water was appropriately supplied. This treatment caused a loss of up to about 15% due to germination. Except for the germinated seeds, the treated seeds were sown from early to mid-October, and cultivated in a tunnel mulch in the same manner as before. The tunnel is covered in mid-December. After the tunnel is covered, the elongation and growth of the aerial part becomes active and overgrows, and it comes into contact with the tunnel. I ventilated to keep the temperature from rising for about a week. By this method, leaf halt and leaf withering due to dormancy after January were prevented, and two or more fresh leaves could be secured. Moreover, it was possible to harvest from late January to late March due to the enlarged roots.
[0012]
[Example 2]
The effect of avoiding dormancy by low-temperature water-absorbing treatment of seeds differed depending on the variety and sowing date. In other words, when sown in early October and harvested from late January to early February, burdock varieties “tegaru” are sown in mid-October and when harvested from mid-February to late March, burdock varieties are “Watanabe Saki” Was possible.
[0013]
[Example 3]
Burdock seeds (naked seeds and cedar tape) were allowed to absorb water in running water for 12 hours, then placed in a vinyl bag to prevent drying, and subjected to darkening at 4 ° C. for 30 days. During the treatment, it was checked whether the seeds were dry. If the seeds were dry, water was appropriately supplied. The seeds were sown in mid-September and cultivated as a mulch. As a result, growth after germination and root enlargement were promoted, and an effect of increasing the yield was recognized in the December harvest.
[0014]
[Test Example 1]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing changes in the number of leaves and the number of fresh leaves for seeds subjected to low-temperature water-absorbing treatment and untreated seeds.
The cultivar is Watanabe Saki, sowing on October 15 and tunnel covering on December 16. The conditions for the low-temperature treatment of water absorption of seeds are dark water treatment at 4 ° C. for 35 days after water absorption in running water for 12 hours.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, in the case of no treatment, the number of fresh leaves significantly decreased after January, and the number of leaves hardly increased. In the seeds subjected to the low-temperature water-absorbing treatment, the number of leaves increased without decreasing the number of fresh leaves.
[0015]
[Test Example 2]
Table 1 is a table showing the growth and yield of the burdock harvest of Test Example 1. The survey date was February 15, and the yield was calculated for a plant that did not wither in the aerial part, a root weight of 30 g or more, and no branch.
[Table 1]

As of the date of the survey, the burdock without seed treatment was dormant, the above-ground part had completely died, and the roots were not enlarged. Burdock with seed treatment was not dormant, had two or more fresh leaves, and had sufficiently enlarged roots.
[0016]
[Test Example 3]
Table 2 is a table showing the growth and yield of burdock varieties “Tegaru” and “Watanabe Saki” in which seeds were subjected to water absorption and low temperature treatment under the same conditions as in Test Example 1. The sowing date was October 2 and the survey date was January 30. The yield was calculated for a test plot having two or more fresh leaves, no roots, and an average root weight of 30 g or more.
[Table 2]

As of the survey date, the burdock cultivar “Tegaru” without seed treatment had insufficient root enlargement. "Tegaru" with seed treatment had three or more fresh leaves and sufficient root enlargement. Burdock cultivar “Watanabe Saki” has a high seed treatment effect in the case of sowing in mid-October and harvesting from mid-February (conditions of Test Example 2). However, sowing in early October to sowing in early January to early February In the case (the condition of Test Example 3), the effect of the seed treatment was low.
[0017]
[Test Example 4]
Table 3 is a table showing the growth and yield of burdock cultivar “Watanabe Saki”, in which seeds were subjected to water absorption and low temperature treatment under the same conditions as in Test Example 1. The sowing date was September 11, the survey date was December 3, and the yield was calculated for the test plot having a root weight of 30 g or more.
[Table 3]

At the beginning of December 80 days after sowing, the burdock with seed treatment had higher growth in the aerial part and increased yield than the burdock without treatment.
[0018]
From the above test results, it was found that the effect of low-temperature treatment with water absorption of seeds on dormancy avoidance differs depending on the cultivar and sowing time. FIG. 2 shows an example of a new type of burdock created based on these results together with a conventional type.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
After the burdock seeds are absorbed in running water, the water-absorbed seeds are subjected to low-temperature treatment in the dark for a certain period of time, so that the burdock seeds do not sleep in winter even if sown before late October, The above-mentioned fresh leaves can be secured, root enlargement is promoted, and harvesting can be performed between January and March, which was conventionally the off-season of young burdock. In addition, a stable yield can be obtained by applying to young burdock burdock in November to December of the year. This water-absorbing low-temperature treatment does not require a large-scale facility, can be performed using an existing pre-cooling cabinet, and the work after sowing can be carried out in the same manner as ordinary burdock cultivation. Can be introduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagram showing changes in the number of leaves and the number of fresh leaves for seeds subjected to low-temperature water-absorbing treatment and untreated seeds.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a new type of burdock according to the present invention together with a conventional type.

Claims

A method for cultivating a burdock, comprising: causing burdock seeds to absorb water in running water; thereafter, subjecting the water-absorbed seeds to low-temperature treatment in the dark for a certain period of time;

The burdock cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein a treatment temperature of the seed is 0 to 4 ° C., and a treatment period is 17 to 35 days.