JP2004111515A - Highly weather resistant magnet powder, resin composition for bonded magnet and bonded magnet obtained by using the resin composition - Google Patents

Highly weather resistant magnet powder, resin composition for bonded magnet and bonded magnet obtained by using the resin composition Download PDF

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JP2004111515A
JP2004111515A JP2002269801A JP2002269801A JP2004111515A JP 2004111515 A JP2004111515 A JP 2004111515A JP 2002269801 A JP2002269801 A JP 2002269801A JP 2002269801 A JP2002269801 A JP 2002269801A JP 2004111515 A JP2004111515 A JP 2004111515A
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magnet powder
magnet
powder
phosphate
rare earth
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JP4135447B2 (en
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Takashi Ishikawa
石川 尚
Yoshiyo Hashiguchi
橋口 佳代
Takashi Izeki
井関 隆士
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Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd
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Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a highly weather resistant magnet powder having stable and high coercive force and high weather resistance and reduced at its dispersion of coercive force and weather resistance, a resin composition for a bonded magnet and the bonded magnet using the resin composition. <P>SOLUTION: In the highly weather resistant magnet powder constituted of coating the surface of rare earth element-iron-nitrogen (R-T-N) magnet powder having Th<SB>2</SB>Zn<SB>17</SB>or Th<SB>2</SB>Ni<SB>17</SB>crystal structure with a phosphate (R-T-P-O) film, average grain size is 1-10μm and the composition consists of 20-25 wt% R (rare earth elements), 2.1-3.9 wt% N (nitrogen), 0.2-2.0 wt% P (phosphorus), 0.5-5.0 wt% O (oxygen), and balance T (transition metallic elements and unavoidable impurities) and the content of H (hydrogen) which is an unavoidable impurity is ≤ 0.3wt%. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、高耐候性磁石粉、ボンド磁石用樹脂組成物及びそれを用いて得られるボンド磁石に関し、さらに詳しくは、安定して高い保磁力を有し耐候性に優れ、保磁力や耐候性のばらつきが低減された高耐候性磁石粉、ボンド磁石用樹脂組成物及びそれを用いて得られるボンド磁石に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来から、フェライト磁石、アルニコ磁石、希土類磁石等が、モーターをはじめとする種々の用途に用いられている。しかし、これらの磁石は、主に焼結法により製造されるために、一般に脆く、薄肉のものや複雑な形状のものを得るのが難しいという欠点を有している。それに加え、焼結時の収縮が15〜20%と大きいために、寸法精度の高いものが得られず、精度を上げるには研磨等の後加工が必要であるという欠点をも有している。
【0003】
ボンド磁石は、これら焼結法の欠点を解決すると共に新しい用途をも開拓するために、近年になって開発されたものであるが、通常は、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリフェニレンサルファイド樹脂等の熱可塑性樹脂をバインダーとし、これに磁石粉末を充填することにより製造されている。
【0004】
しかし、こうしたボンド磁石の中でも、特に、希土類元素−鉄−窒素系磁石粉を用いたボンド磁石は、高温多湿雰囲気下で錆の発生や磁気特性の低下を起こし易いため、例えば、成形体表面に熱硬化性樹脂等のコーティング膜を形成することで発錆を抑制したり、また、成形体表面に燐酸塩含有塗料による被覆処理を施すことで発錆を抑制しているが(特許文献1参照)、成形体を構成する磁石粉を被覆するわけではないので、難発錆特性や保磁力等の磁気特性の点で十分に満足できるものではない。
【0005】
ところで、希土類元素−鉄−窒素系磁石粉を樹脂と混練してボンド磁石として使用する場合、高い磁気特性を得るためには磁石合金粉を数μmに粉砕する必要がある。磁石合金粉の粉砕は、通常、不活性ガス中または溶剤中で行なわれるが、粉砕後の磁石粉は極めて活性が高いため、成形体に被覆処理を施す前に大気に触れると酸化発錆が急激に進んで磁気特性が低下するという問題がある。
【0006】
これらの問題を解決するために、例えば、磁性粉を湿式ないし乾式処理で徐酸化して薄い酸化膜を磁石粉表面に形成したり(特許文献2参照)、分子内にP−O結合を有する燐酸化合物又はこれとオルガノポリシロキサン化合物との混合物(特許文献3参照)、燐酸エステル(特許文献4、5参照)、あるいは燐酸塩(特許文献6参照)によって粉砕後の磁石粉に被覆処理を施したり、オルト燐酸などによって粉砕後の磁石粉表面に燐酸皮膜を形成する(特許文献7〜9参照)ことが行なわれている。
【0007】
希土類−鉄−窒素系磁石粉の表面を燐酸塩皮膜で被覆する場合、粉砕終了後に燐酸塩を添加すると、粉砕後の磁石粉は、その磁力によって互いに凝集しているため、磁石粉の接触面に燐酸塩皮膜で被覆されていない部分が発生する。
このような磁石粉を、ボンド磁石用樹脂と一旦混練すると、凝集していた磁石粉が混練による剪断力により一部解砕され、皮膜のない活性な粉末表面が露出することとなる。このため、かかる磁石粉を成形して得られたボンド磁石は、実用上重要な湿度環境下での使用で、容易に腐食が生じ、磁気特性が低下してしまう。希土類−鉄−窒素系磁石粉は、核発生型の保磁力発現機構を示すため、一部にこのような領域が生じると著しく保磁力が低下してしまう。
【0008】
つまり、磁力により互いに凝集した磁石粉は、凝集粉表面が皮膜で保護されていても、個々の磁石粉に対する保護が十分ではないため、乾燥環境下での耐候性は向上しているものの、実用上重要な湿度環境下での耐候性が満足できるほど改善されていないという問題があった。
【0009】
本発明者らは、このような問題点に対して、磁石粉を粉砕中に燐酸を添加することにより、燐酸塩皮膜の機能、形態が従来よりも改良された希土類元素−鉄−窒素系磁石粉を製造する方法を提案した(特許文献10参照)。しかしながら、この方法では磁石粉の磁気特性、特に保磁力や耐候性が製造ロット間でばらつく場合がある。
【0010】
【特許文献1】
特開2000−208321号公報(特許請求の範囲)
【特許文献2】
特開昭52−54998号公報(特許請求の範囲)
【特許文献3】
特開昭60−13826号公報(特許請求の範囲)
【特許文献4】
特許第2602883号公報(特許請求の範囲)
【特許文献5】
特開平2−46703号公報(特許請求の範囲)
【特許文献6】
特開平11−251124号公報(特許請求の範囲)
【特許文献7】
特許第2602979号公報(特許請求の範囲)
【特許文献8】
特開平7−278602号公報(特許請求の範囲)
【特許文献9】
特開2000−260616号公報(特許請求の範囲)
【特許文献10】
特開2002−124406号公報(請求項1)
【0011】
こうした状況下、近年、小型モーター、音響機器、OA機器等に用いられるボンド磁石には、機器の小型化の要請から磁気特性に優れたものが要求されているが、従来の希土類元素−鉄−窒素系磁石粉から得られるボンド磁石の磁気特性は、これらの用途に使用するには不十分であり、希土類元素−鉄−窒素系磁石粉の耐候性を早期に改善し、ボンド磁石の磁気特性を向上させることが強く望まれていた。
【0012】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、上記の従来技術の問題点に鑑み、安定して高い保磁力を有し耐候性に優れ、保磁力や耐候性のばらつきが低減された高耐候性磁石粉、ボンド磁石用樹脂組成物及びそれを用いて得られるボンド磁石を提供することにある。
【0013】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記目的を達成するために鋭意研究を重ね、希土類−鉄−窒素系磁石粉の表面に様々な条件で燐酸塩の皮膜を形成して、その磁石粉の組成を分析し、組成と磁気特性や耐候性との関係を詳細に検討した結果、磁石粉の粉砕中に燐酸化合物を添加し、皮膜形成と乾燥処理を最適化することにより特定の元素組成を有する磁石粉が得られ、この磁石粉が安定した保磁力を有し耐候性に優れ、ばらつきも低減されていることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0014】
即ち、本発明の第1の発明によれば、ThZn17型またはThNi17型結晶構造をもつ希土類−鉄−窒素(R−T−N)系磁石粉の表面が燐酸塩(R−T−P−O)皮膜で被覆された高耐候性磁石粉において、平均粒径が1〜10μm、かつ組成は、20〜25wt%のR(希土類元素)、2.1〜3.9wt%のN(窒素)、0.2〜2.0wt%のP(リン)、0.5〜5.0wt%のO(酸素)及び残部がT(遷移金属元素および不可避的不純物)であり、不可避的不純物であるH(水素)の含有量を0.3wt%以下としたことを特徴とする高耐候性磁石粉が提供される。
【0015】
また、本発明の第2の発明によれば、第1の発明において、希土類−鉄−窒素(R−T−N)系磁石粉がSm−Fe−N系磁石粉であることを特徴とする高耐候性磁石粉が提供される。
【0016】
また、本発明の第3の発明によれば、第1の発明において、T(遷移金属元素)として、さらにCo、Zn、Cu、又はMnから選択される1種以上が含まれることを特徴とする高耐候性磁石粉が提供される。
【0017】
また、本発明の第4の発明によれば、第1の発明において、燐酸塩皮膜の膜厚が平均3〜50nmで、磁石粉が均一に被覆されていることを特徴とする高耐候性磁石粉が提供される。
【0018】
また、本発明の第5の発明によれば、第1又は4の発明において、燐酸塩皮膜が、燐酸鉄と希土類その他の燐酸塩からなる複合塩であり、かつ燐酸鉄含有率がFe/希土類元素比で8以上であることを特徴とする高耐候性磁石粉が提供される。
【0019】
また、本発明の第6の発明によれば、第1の発明において、体積基準比表面積が7m/cm以下であることを特徴とする高耐候性磁石粉が提供される。
【0020】
さらに、本発明の第7の発明によれば、第1の発明において、室温での保磁力が400kA/m以上であることを特徴とする高耐候性磁石粉が提供される。
【0021】
一方、本発明の第8の発明によれば、第1〜7の発明のいずれかの高耐候性磁石粉に対して、樹脂バインダーが主成分として配合されていることを特徴とするボンド磁石用樹脂組成物が提供される。
【0022】
さらに、本発明の第9の発明によれば、第8の発明のボンド磁石用樹脂組成物を射出成形法、押出成形法、射出圧縮成形法、射出プレス成形法、圧縮成形法又はトランスファー成形法のいずれかの成形法により成形してなるボンド磁石が提供される。
【0023】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の高耐候性磁石粉、ボンド磁石用樹脂組成物及びそれを用いて得られるボンド磁石を詳細に説明する。
【0024】
1.高耐候性磁石粉
本発明の高耐候性磁石粉は、磁石合金粉である希土類−鉄−窒素(R−T−N)系磁石粉の表面が燐酸塩(R−T−P−O)皮膜で被覆され、特定の平均粒径で、構成成分が特定の元素組成をもつものである。
【0025】
(1)磁石合金粉
本発明の高耐候性磁石粉の材料となる磁石合金粉は、ThZn17型またはThNi17型結晶構造を持つ希土類元素−鉄−窒素(R−T−N)系磁石粉である。これらは菱面体晶系、六方晶系、正方晶系または単斜晶系の結晶構造をもつ金属間化合物であり、ThZn17型の磁石合金粉としては、例えばSmFe17合金、NdFe17などが挙げられ、また、ThNi17型の磁石合金粉としては、例えば、GdFe17などが挙げられる。
【0026】
希土類元素(R)としては、Sm、Nd、Pr、Y、La、Ce、またはGd等が挙げられ、これらは単独でも混合物でもよいが、これらの中では、Sm及びNdが有効であり、特にSmを80wt%以上含有するものが好ましい。遷移金属元素(T)は、Feが必須成分であり、この一部がCoで置換されたものでもよい。
【0027】
磁石合金粉は、C、Al、Si、Ca、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Zr、Nb、Mo、Ag、In、Sn、Hf、Ta、W、Re、Os、Ir、Pt、又はAuを含有することができる。これらの中には、遷移金属以外の元素も含まれているが、本発明では全て遷移金属元素(T)に準じて扱うものとする。これら成分を3wt%以下、好ましくは0.05〜0.5wt%添加すれば、磁石の耐候性や耐熱性をさらに高めることができる。
【0028】
このうち、Al、Si、Ca、V、Cr、Mn、Cu、Mo、Zr、Nb、又はTa等から選ばれた一種以上を添加すれば保磁力の向上、生産性の向上並びに低コスト化を図ることができる。この場合、添加量は、遷移金属(T)全重量に対して3重量%以下とすることが望ましい。
【0029】
本発明の磁石合金粉として、特に好ましい希土類−鉄−窒素(R−Fe−N)系磁石粉は、還元拡散法によって得られた希土類−鉄−窒素系磁石粉の粗粉末を微粉砕し、特定の平均粒径、粒度分布をもつ微粉末となるように粒度を揃えることによって製造される。
【0030】
原料として用いる鉄などの遷移金属粉末は、一般的にアトマイズ法、電解法等により製造されるが、粉末状の遷移金属であれば、その製法は限定されない。また、遷移金属の20wt%以下を遷移金属酸化物とすることもできる。遷移金属(T)、希土類元素(R)、また、保磁力の向上、生産性の向上並びに低コスト化のために添加しうる元素は、前記のとおりである。
【0031】
上記希土類元素を含む希土類酸化物粉末原料と、その粒径が10μm〜100μmの範囲に粒度調整された遷移金属粉末原料および、その他原料粉末を秤量して混合し、さらに希土類元素を還元するのに十分な量の還元剤を添加し混合する。還元剤としては、Caなどのアルカリ土類金属が用いられる。上記還元剤の粒度は、5mm以下の塊状になっていることが好ましい。
【0032】
その後、この混合物を非酸化性雰囲気(すなわち、酸素が実質的に存在しない雰囲気)中において、還元剤が溶融する温度以上で、かつ、目的とする希土類−鉄系合金が溶融しない温度まで昇温保持して加熱焼成する。
これにより、上記希土類酸化物が希土類元素に還元されると共に、還元時の発熱温度を用いて、この希土類元素が遷移金属に拡散され、希土類−鉄系合金が合成される。
【0033】
次に、この希土類−鉄系合金を室温まで冷却する。冷却した焙焼物を純水中に投じ、水素イオン濃度pHが10以下となるまで、攪拌とデカンテーションとを繰り返す。そして、pHがおよそ5となるまで水中に酢酸または塩酸を添加し、この状態で攪拌を行う。その後、得られた希土類−鉄系合金を乾燥して粉末状にした後、この粉末状の希土類−鉄系合金を窒化処理することで、所望の希土類−鉄−窒素系磁石粉が製造される。
【0034】
(2)高耐候性磁石粉
高耐候性磁石粉は、こうして得られた希土類元素−鉄−窒素(R−T−N)系磁石粉の表面に燐酸塩皮膜を形成したもので、磁石粉が特定の平均粒径にあり、この燐酸塩皮膜を含んだ磁石粉全体を構成する各成分が特定の元素組成を有することを特徴としている。
【0035】
本発明において、磁石粉の平均粒径は、1〜10μmである。磁石粉の平均粒径を1〜10μmの範囲とすることで、室温での保磁力が400kA/m以上もの高耐候性磁石粉を得ることができる。平均粒径が1μm未満では磁石粉の残留磁化が低下し、10μmを超えると室温での保磁力が小さくなるので好ましくない。
【0036】
燐酸塩被膜の成分は、例えば、燐酸鉄、燐酸サマリウム又はこれらの複合金属塩などである。主要な成分は、燐酸鉄であって、鉄/希土類元素比は8以上、好ましくは9以上、さらには10以上がより好ましい。鉄/希土類元素比が8以上であれば、水をある程度遮断するとともに、樹脂バインダーとの結合力を高め、ボンド磁石の成形性を高めることができる。鉄/希土類元素比が8未満では、これらの効果を期待することができない。
【0037】
高耐候性磁石粉の構成成分は、磁石粉の成分である希土類元素(R)、鉄などの遷移金属元素(T)及び窒素(N)と、燐酸塩皮膜の成分であるリン(P)、酸素(O)を必須成分とし、これらに製造途上で不可避的に混入する不純物(T)である水素(H)を含有したものということができる。前記のとおり、磁石粉の成分としてコバルト、燐酸塩皮膜の成分として、亜鉛、銅、マンガンなどの遷移金属元素(T)がさらに含まれていてもよい。
【0038】
本発明の高耐候性磁石粉を構成する各成分は、R(希土類元素)が20〜25wt%、N(窒素)が2.1〜3.9wt%、P(リン)が0.2〜2.0wt%、O(酸素)が0.5〜5.0wt%、残部がT(遷移金属元素及び不可避的不純物)という元素組成を有し、不可避的不純物としてH(水素)を含有しているが、その量は0.3wt%未満に低減されている。
【0039】
磁石粉の主要な成分である希土類元素(R)は、20〜25wt%、好ましくは23〜25wt%含有されている。Rが20wt%未満では磁石粉の残留磁化と保磁力が低下し、25wt%を超えると磁石粉の残留磁化と耐候性が低下する。
【0040】
N(窒素)は2.1〜3.9wt%、好ましくは2.8〜3.5wt%含有されている。Nが2.1wt%未満であるか、あるいは3.9wt%を超えると磁石粉の残留磁化と保磁力が低下するので好ましくない。
【0041】
一方、燐酸塩皮膜の成分であるP(リン)の含有量は0.2〜2.0wt%、好ましくは0.3〜1.0wt%である。Pが0.2wt%未満では磁石粉の耐候性や耐熱性に劣り、2.0wt%を超えるとその残留磁化が低下するので好ましくない。
【0042】
また、O(酸素)は0.5〜5.0wt%、好ましくは1.0〜3.0wt%である。Oが0.5wt%未満では磁石粉表面の燐酸塩皮膜が十分に形成されていないので、耐候性や耐熱性が劣るのに加えて、表面活性が高いため大気中で取り扱ったとき発火のおそれがある。一方、5.0wt%を超えると残留磁化が低下するので好ましくない。
【0043】
そして、残部が磁石粉の主成分の遷移金属元素(T)、すなわち、FeまたはCoなどである。燐酸塩皮膜の成分として、Zn、Cu、Mnなどがさらに含まれてもよい。このようなことから、遷移金属元素(T)としては、Feの他に、Co、Zn、Cu、又はMnから選択される1種以上が含まれるものが好適といえる。
【0044】
さらに、不可避的に混入する任意成分のH(水素)は0〜0.3wt%、好ましくは0.1wt%以下である。Hは耐候性に悪影響を及ぼし、0.3wt%を超えると耐候性が低下すると共に、保磁力も低下するので極力排除するのが望ましい。
【0045】
本発明の磁石粉は、その表面が平均3〜50nmの厚さの燐酸塩皮膜で均一に被覆されている。平均4〜45nm、特に5〜40nmの厚さであることが好ましい。3nm未満では磁石粉を被覆不良箇所が発生しやすく、耐候性が不十分となり、一方、50nmを超えると磁気特性が悪化する恐れがあり好ましくない。
【0046】
ここで、磁石粉表面が均一に被覆されているとは、磁石粉表面の80%以上、好ましくは85%以上、さらに好ましくは90%以上が燐酸塩皮膜で覆われていることをいう。
【0047】
本発明の高耐候性磁石粉は、体積基準比表面積が7m/cm以下であることを特徴とするものである。7m/cmを超えると耐候性が低下するので好ましくない。
【0048】
(3)高耐候性磁石粉の製造
本発明の高耐候性磁石粉を製造するには、例えば、希土類元素を含む鉄系磁石合金粉を燐酸化合物の存在下に有機溶剤中で粉砕した後、乾燥する方法が使用できる。
【0049】
すなわち、平均粒径10μmを超える希土類−鉄−窒素系磁石粉を粉砕機に入れ、燐酸化合物を添加し、有機溶媒中で、該磁石粉が平均粒径10μm以下になるまで攪拌、粉砕し、磁石粉の表面に鉄/希土類元素比が8以上である燐酸塩皮膜を形成させた後、有機溶媒を分離し、さらに特定条件で加熱、乾燥させる方法によって製造される。
【0050】
従って、本発明の高耐候性磁石粉は、先ず、合金粉を燐酸化合物の存在下に粉砕し、表面に燐酸塩による皮膜を形成する第1の工程、得られた合金粉を乾燥、加熱して表面の燐酸塩による皮膜を定着させる第2の工程によって製造される。
【0051】
従来、希土類−鉄−窒素系磁石粉の表面を燐酸塩皮膜で被覆する処理が行われているが、磁石粉の粉砕終了後に燐酸塩等の処理剤を添加しているために、粉砕後の磁石粉がその磁力によって互いに凝集してしまい、磁石粉の接触面に燐酸塩皮膜で被覆されていない部分が少なくとも一部に発生する。
【0052】
そこで、本発明では、燐酸化合物を、磁石粉末の粉砕前若しくは粉砕中に添加する。燐酸化合物の添加方法は、特に限定されないが、例えば、媒体攪拌ミル等の粉砕機で磁石合金粉を粉砕するに際し、溶媒として用いる有機溶剤に燐酸化合物を添加する。燐酸化合物は、最終的に所望の燐酸濃度になれば良く、粉砕開始前に一度に添加してもよいが、溶媒中の燐酸濃度が一定となるように徐々に添加するとなお好ましい。
【0053】
本発明の高耐候性磁石粉を製造する第1の工程では、燐酸化合物として、燐酸塩皮膜を形成できるものであれば特に制限はなく、市販されている通常の燐酸(例えば、85%濃度の燐酸水溶液)が使用できる。このほかに燐酸亜鉛などの金属燐酸化合物などを単独で或いは組み合わせて使用できるが、燐酸を単独で使用することが好ましい。組み合わせて使用する場合は、燐酸を金属燐酸化合物の1〜3倍の濃度として使用することが望ましい。公知の燐酸エステル類のみを用いても本発明の効果は得られない。
【0054】
燐酸としては、オルト燐酸をはじめ、亜燐酸、次亜燐酸、ピロ燐酸、直鎖状のポリ燐酸、環状のメタ燐酸などの燐酸系化合物が挙げられ、水、有機溶媒とともに好ましく使用される。
【0055】
また、燐酸アンモニウム、燐酸アンモニウムマグネシウムなど、更には磁石粉末表面でホパイト、フォスフォフェライト等を形成する燐酸亜鉛系;ショルツァイト、フォスフォフィライト、ホパイト等を形成する燐酸亜鉛カルシウム系;マンガンヒューリオライト、鉄ヒューリオライト等を形成する燐酸マンガン系;ストレンナイト、ヘマタイト等からなる燐酸鉄系などの被膜を形成する化合物も使用できる。これら金属燐酸化合物は、単独でも複数種を組合せてもよく、通常、キレート剤、中和剤などと混合して処理剤とされる。
【0056】
これらのうち、オルト燐酸が好ましい性能を発揮するが、その理由は、希土類系金属、鉄との反応性が大きく、磁石粉末の表面に燐酸塩被膜を形成しやすいためである。
【0057】
また、燐酸化合物の添加量は、粉砕後の磁石粉の粒径、表面積等に関係するので一概には言えないが、通常は、粉砕する磁石合金粉に対して、0.1mol/kg以上2mol/kg未満が良く、より好ましくは0.15〜1.5mol/kgであり、さらに好ましくは0.2〜0.4mol/kgである。
0.1mol/kg未満であると磁石粉の表面処理が十分に行なわれないために耐候性が改善されず、また、大気中で取り扱うと酸化・発熱して磁気特性が極端に低下する。2mol/kg以上であると磁石粉との反応が激しく起こって磁石粉が溶解してしまう。
【0058】
有機溶媒としては、特に制限はなく、通常はエタノールまたはイソプロピルアルコール等のアルコール類、ケトン類、低級炭化水素類、芳香族類、またはこれらの混合物が用いられるが、特にアルコール類の使用が好ましい。
【0059】
粉砕には、媒体攪拌ミル、或いはビーズミル等の装置が使用され、これによって磁石合金粉を粉砕する際に燐酸化合物を添加することにより、粉砕によって凝集粒子に新生面が生じても瞬時に溶媒中の燐酸化合物と反応し、粒子表面に安定な燐酸塩皮膜が形成される。また、その後、粉砕された磁石粉がその磁力によって凝集しても、接触面はすでに安定化されており、解砕により腐食が生じることはない。
【0060】
当初は平均粒径が10μm以上であった磁石粉も粉砕が進むにつれ、その表面に薄い燐酸塩被膜が短時間で形成されるが、この反応が完結し、充分な膜厚の燐酸塩被膜を形成するには、燐酸化合物の種類などにもよるが、30〜180分間、好ましくは60〜150分間の粉砕(攪拌)時間が必要である。
【0061】
ThZn17型結晶構造を持つ希土類元素−鉄−窒素系磁石粉では、燐酸処理に用いた燐酸化合物の種類によって構成元素それぞれの燐酸塩を生じ得るが、希土類元素は鉄に比べて著しく卑であり、燐酸化合物の添加量や粉砕条件によっては希土類元素が優先的に溶出して燐酸塩を形成する場合がある。
【0062】
この場合も、磁石粉の耐熱性には問題は生じないが、耐候性の観点からは皮膜中の燐酸鉄の含有量が多い方が望ましい。燐酸鉄は希土類元素の燐酸塩に比べて耐候性に優れており、また、希土類元素が優先的に溶出するような条件では、磁石粉表面のFe濃度が高くなり、磁石粉の磁気的性質が変化する可能性があるからである。
このため、燐酸塩中のFe/希土類元素(元素比)は、燐酸化合物の添加量、混合時間等により、8以上に調整することが望ましい。磁石粉表面を保護する燐酸塩皮膜の厚さは、平均で3〜50nmとするのが望ましい。
【0063】
なお、あらかじめ希土類元素−鉄−窒素系磁石粉の表面に、亜鉛を化学的に被覆反応させる亜鉛処理を施せば、粉末表面の軟磁性相や欠陥などが低減するので、燐酸塩皮膜を容易に形成でき、耐候性のみならず耐熱性にも優れるので特に好適である。
【0064】
第2の工程は、さらに、上記のようにして得た磁石粉を、不活性ガス中または真空中、100℃以上400℃未満の温度範囲で加熱処理する工程である。不活性ガスとしては、アルゴン、ヘリウムなども使用できるが、通常、窒素を使用する。0.1atm以下の真空度に減圧すれば、より効率的に乾燥させることができる。
【0065】
加熱温度は100℃〜400℃、特に120℃〜370℃の温度範囲が好ましい。100℃未満で加熱処理すると、磁石粉の乾燥が十分進まずに安定な表面皮膜の形成が阻害される。また、400℃を超える温度で加熱処理すると、磁石粉が熱的なダメージを受けるためか、保磁力がかなり低くなるという問題がある。
【0066】
なお、加熱処理に要する時間は、処理装置や処理量、加熱雰囲気や加熱温度によって変わるが、30分以上であればよく、60〜400分、特に100〜360分が好ましい。30分未満では、H(水素)を十分に低減できず、一方、400分を超える時間は経済性の面で好ましくない。
【0067】
これら燐酸化合物の添加量、粉砕時間、乾燥温度、又は乾燥時間などの条件を制御することにより、磁石粉の平均粒径と燐酸塩皮膜の厚さなどを特定の範囲に調整でき、これによって成分組成、特にP、O、Hの含有量を本発明の所定範囲に入るようにするのが重要である。
【0068】
本発明の高耐候性磁石粉は、表面に燐酸塩被膜が形成されていることで十分な性能を有するが、必要に応じて、さらにシラン系、アルミネート系、チタネート系など各種のカップリング剤やアビエチン酸系化合物などから選択された1種以上を被覆してもよい。
【0069】
2.ボンド磁石用樹脂組成物
本発明のボンド磁石用樹脂組成物は、高耐候性磁石粉に樹脂バインダーが主成分として配合されたものである。ボンド磁石用樹脂組成物を製造する方法は、特に限定されず、例えば、以下に示すような公知の熱可塑性樹脂、熱硬化性樹脂や添加剤を用いて製造することができる。
【0070】
(1)樹脂バインダー
本発明において樹脂バインダーは、磁石粉の結合剤として働くものであり、熱可塑性樹脂あるいは熱硬化性樹脂であれば特に制限なく、従来公知のものを使用できる。
【0071】
熱可塑性樹脂の具体例としては、6ナイロン、6,6ナイロン、11ナイロン、12ナイロン、6,12ナイロン、芳香族系ナイロン、これらの分子を一部変性した変性ナイロン等のポリアミド樹脂、直鎖型ポリフェニレンサルファイド樹脂、架橋型ポリフェニレンサルファイド樹脂、セミ架橋型ポリフェニレンサルファイド樹脂、低密度ポリエチレン、線状低密度ポリエチレン樹脂、高密度ポリエチレン樹脂、超高分子量ポリエチレン樹脂、ポリプロピレン樹脂、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合樹脂、エチレン−エチルアクリレート共重合樹脂、アイオノマー樹脂、ポリメチルペンテン樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、アクリロニトリル−ブタジエン−スチレン共重合樹脂、アクリロニトリル−スチレン共重合樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニリデン樹脂、ポリ酢酸ビニル樹脂、ポリビニルアルコール樹脂、ポリビニルブチラール樹脂、ポリビニルホルマール樹脂、メタクリル樹脂、ポリフッ化ビニリデン樹脂、ポリ三フッ化塩化エチレン樹脂、四フッ化エチレン−六フッ化プロピレン共重合樹脂、エチレン−四フッ化エチレン共重合樹脂、四フッ化エチレン−パーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテル共重合樹脂、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリアセタール樹脂、ポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂、ポリブチレンテレフタレート樹脂、ポリフェニレンオキサイド樹脂、ポリアリルエーテルアリルスルホン樹脂、ポリエーテルスルホン樹脂、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン樹脂、ポリアリレート樹脂、芳香族ポリエステル樹脂、酢酸セルロース樹脂、前出各樹脂系エラストマー等が挙げられ、これらの単重合体や他種モノマーとのランダム共重合体、ブロック共重合体、グラフト共重合体、他の物質での末端基変性品等が挙げられる。
【0072】
このうち耐熱性、機械的強度、取り扱い性などの面から、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリフェニレンサルファイド樹脂或いはそれらの変性樹脂が好ましい。
これら熱可塑性樹脂の溶融粘度や分子量は、得られるボンド磁石に所望の機械的強度が得られる範囲で低い方が望ましい。また、熱可塑性樹脂の形状は、パウダー状、ビーズ状、ペレット状等、特に限定されないが、磁石粉と均一に混合される点で、パウダー状が望ましい。
【0073】
また、例えば熱硬化性樹脂の場合は、エポキシ樹脂、ビニルエステル樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、フェノール樹脂、メラミン樹脂、ユリア樹脂、ベンゾグアナミン樹脂、ビスマレイミド・トリアジン樹脂、ジアリルフタレート樹脂、フラン樹脂、熱硬化性ポリブタジエン樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、ポリウレタン系樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、キシレン樹脂等が挙げられ、これらの基本組成物や他種モノマーやこれら樹脂の2種類以上のブレンド等における系も当然含まれる。特に好ましいのは、エポキシ樹脂、ビニルエステル樹脂、又は不飽和ポリエステル樹脂である。
【0074】
これら熱硬化性樹脂の粘度、分子量、性状等は、所望の機械的強度や成形性が得られる範囲であれば特に限定されないが、磁石粉との均一混合性や成形性から考えるとパウダー又は液状が望ましい。
射出成形ボンド磁石の製造では、熱硬化性樹脂を用いれば金型内で磁石成形品が硬化する直前で、いったん樹脂バインダーの粘度が低下するため良好な配向特性が得られる。
【0075】
これら樹脂バインダーの配合量は、磁石粉100重量部に対して、通常2〜100重量部、好ましくは3〜50重量部である。樹脂バインダーの配合量が2重量部未満であると、組成物の混練抵抗(トルク)が大きくなったり、流動性が低下して磁石の成形が困難となる他、成形体の機械強度が低下する。一方、100重量部を超えると、所望の磁気特性が得られない。
【0076】
(2)添加剤
本発明の高耐候性磁石粉を用いたボンド磁石用組成物には、本発明の目的を損なわない範囲で、プラスチック成形用滑剤や種々の安定剤等の添加剤を配合することができる。
【0077】
滑剤としては、例えば、パラフィンワックス、流動パラフィン、ポリエチレンワックス、ポリプロピレンワックス、エステルワックス、カルナウバ、マイクロワックス等のワックス類、ステアリン酸、1,2−オキシステアリン酸、ラウリン酸、パルミチン酸、オレイン酸等の脂肪酸類、ステアリン酸カルシウム、ステアリン酸バリウム、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、ステアリン酸リチウム、ステアリン酸亜鉛、ステアリン酸アルミニウム、ラウリン酸カルシウム、リノール酸亜鉛、リシノール酸カルシウム、2−エチルヘキソイン酸亜鉛等の脂肪酸塩(金属石鹸類)ステアリン酸アミド、オレイン酸アミド、エルカ酸アミド、ベヘン酸アミド、パルミチン酸アミド、ラウリン酸アミド、ヒドロキシステアリン酸アミド、メチレンビスステアリン酸アミド、エチレンビスステアリン酸アミド、エチレンビスラウリン酸アミド、ジステアリルアジピン酸アミド、エチレンビスオレイン酸アミド、ジオレイルアジピン酸アミド、N−ステアリルステアリン酸アミド等脂肪酸アミド類、ステアリン酸ブチル等の脂肪酸エステル、エチレングリコール、ステアリルアルコール等のアルコール類、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、ポリテトラメチレングリコール、及びこれら変性物からなるポリエーテル類、ジメチルポリシロキサン、シリコングリース等のポリシロキサン類、弗素系オイル、弗素系グリース、含弗素樹脂粉末といった弗素化合物、窒化珪素、炭化珪素、酸化マグネシウム、アルミナ、二酸化珪素、二硫化モリブデン等の無機化合物粉体が挙げられる。
これらの滑剤は、一種単独でも二種以上組み合わせても良い。該滑剤の配合量は、磁石粉100重量部に対して、通常0.01〜20重量部、好ましくは0.1〜10重量部である。
【0078】
また、安定剤としては、ビス(2,2,6,6−テトラメチル−4−ピペリジル)セバケート、ビス(1,2,2,6,6−ペンタメチル−4−ピペリジル)セバケート、1−[2−{3−(3,5−ジ−第三ブチル−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオニルオキシ}エチル]−4−{3−(3,5−ジ−第三ブチル−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオニルオキシ}−2,2,6,6−テトラメチルピペリジン、8−ベンジル−7,7,9,9−テトラメチル−3−オクチル−1,2,3−トリアザスピロ[4,5]ウンデカン−2,4−ジオン、4−ベンゾイルオキシ−2,2,6,6−テトラメチルピペリジン、こはく酸ジメチル−1−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)−4−ヒドロキシ−2,2,6,6−テトラメチルピペリジン重縮合物、ポリ[[6−(1,1,3,3−テトラメチルブチル)イミノ−1,3,5−トリアジン−2,4−ジイル][(2,2,6,6−テトラメチル−4−ピペリジル)イミノ]ヘキサメチレン[[2,2,6,6−テトラメチル−4−ピペリジル)イミノ]]、2−(3,5−ジ−第三ブチル−4−ヒドロキシベンジル)−2−n−ブチルマロン酸ビス(1,2,2,6,6−ペンタメチル−4−ピペリジル)等のヒンダード−アミン系安定剤のほか、フェノール系、ホスファイト系、チオエーテル系等の抗酸化剤等が挙げられる。
これらの安定剤も、一種単独でも二種以上組み合わせても良い。該安定剤の配合量は、磁石粉100重量部に対して、通常0.01〜5重量部、好ましくは0.05〜3重量部である。
【0079】
本発明の高耐候性の希土類−鉄−窒素系磁石には、フェライト、アルニコなど通常、ボンド磁石の原料となる各種の磁石粉末を混合してもよく、異方性磁石粉末だけでなく、等方性磁石粉末も対象となるが、異方性磁場(HA)が、4000kA/m(50kOe)以上の磁石粉末が好ましい。
【0080】
尚、上記の各成分の混合方法は、特に限定されず、例えばリボンブレンダー、タンブラー、ナウターミキサー、ヘンシェルミキサー、スーパーミキサー等の混合機、あるいは、バンバリーミキサー、ニーダー、ロール、ニーダールーダー、単軸押出機、二軸押出機等の混練機を用いて実施される。
【0081】
得られるボンド磁石用組成物の形状は、パウダー状、ビーズ状、ペレット状、あるいはこれらの混合物の形であるが、取扱易さの点で、ペレット状が望ましい。熱硬化性樹脂は、混合時の剪断発熱などによって硬化が進まないよう、剪断力が弱く、かつ冷却機能を有する混合機を使用することが好ましい。
【0082】
本発明では平均3〜50nmの燐酸塩皮膜により磁石粉が安定化されているため、これを樹脂と混合してボンド磁石を作製する場合、混合に伴なう剪断力により粒子の凝集の一部が解砕されても皮膜のない新生面は生じず、得られたボンド磁石は極めて高い耐候性を示す。
【0083】
3.ボンド磁石
次いで、上記のボンド磁石用組成物は,所望の形状を有するボンド磁石に成形される。
【0084】
その際、成形法としては、従来からプラスチック成形加工等に利用されている射出成形法、押出成形法、射出圧縮成形法、射出プレス成形法、圧縮成形法、トランスファー成形法等の各種成形法が挙げられるが、これらの中では、特に射出成形法、押出成形法、射出圧縮成形法、及び射出プレス成形法が好ましい。
【0085】
こうして磁石粉を圧密化して成形した磁石は、磁石成形体の表面のみならず、それを構成する個々の磁石粉が上記燐酸塩皮膜で均一に被覆されているので、劣化が磁石体表面で発生しても磁石体内部に進行しにくく、高い耐候性を示す。換言すれば、本発明においては、優れた磁気特性を引き出すために、燐酸塩皮膜で均一に被覆され、安定化された高耐候性磁石粉を用いることが肝要である。
【0086】
【実施例】
以下に、本発明の実施例及び比較例を示すが、本発明は、これらの実施例によって何ら限定されるものではない。尚、実施例や比較例に用いた各成分の詳細や評価方法は、以下の通りである。
【0087】
(1)成分
磁石合金粉
・Sm−Fe−N系磁石合金粉(住友金属鉱山(株)製)
平均粒径:30μm、Sm:23.5〜24.5wt%、N:3.1〜3.5wt%、残部はFe(Ca:0.006〜0.015wt%、H:0.002〜0.008wt%)
燐酸化合物
・85%オルト燐酸水溶液(商品名:「りん酸」、関東化学(株)製)
【0088】
(2)試験・評価方法
・組成分析
得られた磁石粉試料中のSmとPをICP発光分析法で、Nは抵抗加熱・赤外吸収法で、O、Hは抵抗加熱・伝導率法で組成を分析した。
【0089】
・平均粒径、体積基準比表面積
(株)日本レーザー製HELOS&RODOSで測定した50%粒子径を磁石粉試料の平均粒径とした。体積基準比表面積も(株)日本レーザー製HELOS&RODOSで測定し、算出した。
【0090】
・皮膜厚さ、均一性
得られた磁石粉試料を熱硬化性樹脂と混合して硬化させた後、FIB(イオンビーム)加工して薄片試料を作製した。透過型電子顕微鏡で磁石粉の断面観察を行い、磁石粉の表面に形成されている燐酸塩皮膜の均一性を確認すると共に、厚みを求めた。
【0091】
・Fe/希土類元素比
得られた磁石粉試料をArスパッタしながら、XPS(X線光電子分光法)にて得たFe、Smスペクトルの面積強度に、測定装置(VG Scientific社製ESCALAB220i−XL)の感度係数を乗じて、Fe/Sm元素比を求めた。
【0092】
・磁石粉の保磁力と残留磁化
磁石粉試料の保磁力Hcと残留磁化σrを、日本ボンド磁石工業協会ボンド磁石試験方法ガイドブックBMG−2002に従い、振動試料型磁力計にて常温で測定した。
【0093】
・ボンド磁石の保磁力
磁石粉試料を用いて得たボンド磁石の保磁力は、磁石を4000kA/mで着磁した後に、チオフィー(Cioffi)型自記磁束計で測定した。
【0094】
[実施例1〜14]
容器内部を窒素で置換したアトライタを用い、回転数200rpmで、磁石合金粉1kgを1.5kgのイソプロパノール中で表1に示す時間粉砕し、磁石粉を作製した。
ここで、粉砕前または粉砕途中に、燐酸化合物を85%オルト燐酸水溶液として、磁石合金粉1kgあたり表1に記載した量だけ粉砕溶媒に添加している。その後、磁石粉を表1に示す条件で乾燥させた。
【0095】
【表1】

Figure 2004111515
【0096】
得られた磁石粉の分析組成、平均粒径、皮膜厚さ、Fe/希土類元素比、初期及び大気中80℃−90%RHで300時間放置後の保磁力Hc(0)とHc(300)、初期の残留磁化σrを上記方法で測定し、表2に示す通りの結果を得た。これにより、実施例1〜14では、それぞれの試料から任意に選んだ20個の粒子表面すべてに燐酸塩皮膜が均一に形成されていることが確認できた。
【0097】
【表2】
Figure 2004111515
【0098】
次に、得られた磁石粉を用いて、磁粉体積率が56%となるように12ナイロンを添加し、ラボプラストミルで混練後に、配向磁界640kA/mで磁界中射出成形して直径10mm高さ7mmの円柱状ボンド磁石を作製した。混練温度は200℃、射出成形のノズル温度は210℃とした。得られた磁石試料の保磁力HcJを上記方法で測定し、表2に示す通りの結果を得た。
【0099】
[比較例1〜4]
上記の実施例と同様にして、容器内部を窒素で置換したアトライタを用い、回転数200rpmで、磁石合金粉1kgを1.5kgのイソプロパノール中で表1に示す時間粉砕し、磁石粉を作製した。その後、磁石粉を表1に示す条件で乾燥させた。磁石合金粉として、本出願人による特許第3304726号公報の記載に基づいて、Sm組成とN組成を調整したSm−Fe−N磁石合金粉を用いた。
得られた磁石粉の分析組成、平均粒径、皮膜厚さ、Fe/希土類元素比、初期及び大気中80℃−90%RHで300時間放置後の保磁力Hc(0)とHc(300)、初期の残留磁化σrを上記方法で測定し、表3に示す通りの結果を得た。
【0100】
【表3】
Figure 2004111515
【0101】
次に、得られた磁石粉を用いて、実施例と同様にして円柱状ボンド磁石を作製した。得られた磁石試料の保磁力HcJを上記方法で測定し、表3に示す通りの結果を得た。
【0102】
[比較例5〜11]
上記の実施例と同様にして、表1に示した条件で磁石粉を燐酸塩皮膜で被覆し、得られた磁石粉に12ナイロンを配合し、比較用のボンド磁石を製造した。この結果は表3に示すとおりであった。
【0103】
これらの実施例1〜14より、磁石粉のSmが20〜25wt%である平均粒径が1〜10μmの試料に、燐酸化合物を添加し、有機溶媒中で粉砕し、100℃以上の温度で、30分以上乾燥させれば、皮膜厚さが平均3〜50nmでFe/希土類元素比が8以上の皮膜が形成され、これにより、皮膜を含む磁石粉全体の組成(R、N、P、O、H)を所定の範囲とすることができ、保磁力がほぼ400kA/m以上の高耐候性磁石粉が得られることが分かる。
これに対して、比較例1〜11では、これらの条件に合わない磁石粉を用いるか、磁石粉への燐酸塩被覆条件或いは乾燥条件が適切ではないために、いずれも磁気特性の面で満足すべき結果が得られないことが分かる。
【0104】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明の磁石粉は、平均粒径が1〜10μmであって、その表面が燐酸塩皮膜で被覆され、所定の成分組成を有する希土類−鉄−窒素系磁石粉であり、さらには、所定の皮膜厚さ、Fe/希土類比となるよう皮膜が形成されているので、安定して400kA/m以上の保磁力を有し、耐候性に優れている。さらに、この磁石粉を使用したボンド磁石用樹脂組成物も耐候性に優れたものとなる。また、これを成形すれば、高い保磁力HcJを有するボンド磁石が得られる。すなわち、本発明の磁石粉を用いることにより高耐候性ボンド磁石を安定して製造することが可能となり、その工業的価値は極めて大きい。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a highly weatherable magnet powder, a resin composition for a bonded magnet, and a bonded magnet obtained by using the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a highly stable and high coercive force, excellent weatherability, coercive force and weatherability. And a resin composition for a bonded magnet, and a bonded magnet obtained using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, ferrite magnets, alnico magnets, rare earth magnets, and the like have been used for various applications including motors. However, since these magnets are mainly manufactured by a sintering method, they have a disadvantage that they are generally brittle, and it is difficult to obtain a thin or complicated one. In addition, since the shrinkage during sintering is as large as 15 to 20%, a product having high dimensional accuracy cannot be obtained, and a post-processing such as polishing is required to increase the accuracy. .
[0003]
Bond magnets have been developed in recent years in order to solve these disadvantages of the sintering method and open up new applications.However, usually, thermoplastic resins such as polyamide resin and polyphenylene sulfide resin are used. It is manufactured by filling a magnet powder into a binder.
[0004]
However, among these bonded magnets, in particular, a bonded magnet using a rare earth element-iron-nitrogen based magnet powder is liable to generate rust and deteriorate magnetic properties in a high-temperature and high-humidity atmosphere. Rust is suppressed by forming a coating film of a thermosetting resin or the like, and rust is suppressed by coating the surface of a molded article with a phosphate-containing paint (see Patent Document 1). ), Since it does not cover the magnet powder constituting the compact, it is not sufficiently satisfactory in terms of magnetic properties such as poor rust resistance and coercive force.
[0005]
By the way, when a rare earth element-iron-nitrogen magnet powder is kneaded with a resin and used as a bond magnet, it is necessary to pulverize the magnet alloy powder to several μm in order to obtain high magnetic properties. The grinding of the magnet alloy powder is usually performed in an inert gas or a solvent, but the magnet powder after grinding is extremely active. There is a problem that the magnetic characteristics are deteriorated due to rapid progress.
[0006]
In order to solve these problems, for example, the magnetic powder is gradually oxidized by wet or dry treatment to form a thin oxide film on the surface of the magnet powder (see Patent Document 2), or to have a PO bond in the molecule. The magnet powder after pulverization is coated with a phosphate compound or a mixture of the same with an organopolysiloxane compound (see Patent Document 3), a phosphate ester (see Patent Documents 4 and 5), or a phosphate (see Patent Document 6). Or, a phosphoric acid film is formed on the surface of the magnet powder after grinding with orthophosphoric acid or the like (see Patent Documents 7 to 9).
[0007]
When the surface of the rare earth-iron-nitrogen based magnetic powder is coated with a phosphate film, if the phosphate is added after the completion of the pulverization, the magnet powder after the pulverization is agglomerated with each other by its magnetic force. Some parts are not covered with a phosphate film.
Once such a magnet powder is kneaded with the resin for the bonded magnet, the agglomerated magnet powder is partially disintegrated by the shearing force of the kneading, so that the active powder surface without a film is exposed. For this reason, the bonded magnet obtained by molding such a magnet powder is easily corroded when used in a humid environment that is practically important, and the magnetic properties are degraded. Rare earth-iron-nitrogen based magnetic powders exhibit a nucleation-type coercive force developing mechanism, and if such a region is partially formed, the coercive force is significantly reduced.
[0008]
In other words, magnet powder that has been agglomerated by magnetic force, even if the surface of the agglomerated powder is protected by a coating, is not sufficiently protected against individual magnet powders. There has been a problem that the weather resistance in a humid environment, which is important, has not been sufficiently improved.
[0009]
The present inventors have solved the above problem by adding phosphoric acid during the grinding of the magnet powder, thereby improving the function and form of the phosphate film compared to the conventional rare earth element-iron-nitrogen based magnet. A method for producing powder has been proposed (see Patent Document 10). However, in this method, the magnetic properties of the magnet powder, particularly the coercive force and weather resistance, may vary between production lots.
[0010]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2000-208321 A (Claims)
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-52-54998 (Claims)
[Patent Document 3]
JP-A-60-13826 (Claims)
[Patent Document 4]
Japanese Patent No. 2602883 (Claims)
[Patent Document 5]
JP-A-2-46703 (Claims)
[Patent Document 6]
JP-A-11-251124 (Claims)
[Patent Document 7]
Japanese Patent No. 2602979 (Claims)
[Patent Document 8]
JP-A-7-278602 (Claims)
[Patent Document 9]
JP-A-2000-260616 (Claims)
[Patent Document 10]
JP-A-2002-124406 (Claim 1)
[0011]
Under these circumstances, bond magnets used in small motors, audio equipment, OA equipment, and the like have recently been required to have excellent magnetic properties in order to reduce the size of the equipment. The magnetic properties of the bonded magnet obtained from the nitrogen-based magnet powder are insufficient for use in these applications, and the weather resistance of the rare-earth-iron-nitrogen-based magnet powder is quickly improved, and the magnetic properties of the bonded magnet are improved. It was strongly desired to improve the quality.
[0012]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a highly weather-resistant magnet powder having a stable high coercive force, excellent weather resistance, reduced coercive force and weather resistance variation, and a bonded magnet in view of the above-described problems of the prior art. An object of the present invention is to provide a resin composition and a bonded magnet obtained using the same.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object, formed a phosphate film on the surface of the rare earth-iron-nitrogen based magnet powder under various conditions, and analyzed the composition of the magnet powder. As a result of a detailed study of the relationship between the composition and the magnetic properties and weather resistance, a magnet powder having a specific elemental composition was obtained by adding a phosphate compound during the grinding of the magnet powder and optimizing the film formation and drying treatment. As a result, the inventors have found that this magnet powder has a stable coercive force, has excellent weather resistance, and has reduced variation, and has completed the present invention.
[0014]
That is, according to the first aspect of the present invention, Th 2 Zn 17 Type or Th 2 Ni 17 -Rare Earth-Iron-Nitrogen (R-T-N) -based magnet powder having a type crystal structure, the surface of which is coated with a phosphate (R-T-P-O) film, has an average particle size of 1 to 10 μm, and the composition is 20 to 25 wt% R (rare earth element), 2.1 to 3.9 wt% N (nitrogen), 0.2 to 2.0 wt% P (phosphorus), 0.5 O to 5.0 wt% of O (oxygen) and the balance being T (transition metal element and unavoidable impurities), and the content of unavoidable H (hydrogen) is set to 0.3 wt% or less. A highly weather-resistant magnet powder is provided.
[0015]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the rare earth-iron-nitrogen (RTN) -based magnet powder is an Sm-Fe-N-based magnet powder. A highly weatherable magnet powder is provided.
[0016]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, T (transition metal element) further includes at least one selected from Co, Zn, Cu, or Mn. A highly weather-resistant magnet powder is provided.
[0017]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the invention, there is provided a highly weather-resistant magnet, wherein the phosphate film has an average thickness of 3 to 50 nm and is uniformly coated with magnet powder. Powder is provided.
[0018]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the first or the fourth aspect, the phosphate film is a composite salt comprising iron phosphate and a rare earth or other phosphate, and the iron phosphate content is Fe / rare earth. A highly weather-resistant magnet powder characterized by an element ratio of 8 or more is provided.
[0019]
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the volume-based specific surface area is 7 m. 2 / Cm 3 A highly weather-resistant magnetic powder characterized by the following is provided.
[0020]
Further, according to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided the highly weather-resistant magnet powder according to the first aspect, wherein the coercive force at room temperature is 400 kA / m or more.
[0021]
On the other hand, according to an eighth aspect of the present invention, for a bonded magnet, a resin binder is blended as a main component with the highly weatherable magnet powder of any of the first to seventh aspects. A resin composition is provided.
[0022]
Further, according to the ninth invention of the present invention, the resin composition for a bonded magnet of the eighth invention is subjected to an injection molding method, an extrusion molding method, an injection compression molding method, an injection press molding method, a compression molding method or a transfer molding method. And a bonded magnet formed by any one of the above forming methods.
[0023]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the highly weatherable magnet powder, the resin composition for bonded magnets of the present invention, and the bonded magnet obtained using the same will be described in detail.
[0024]
1. High weather resistant magnet powder
In the highly weather-resistant magnet powder of the present invention, the surface of a rare earth-iron-nitrogen (RTN) -based magnet powder, which is a magnet alloy powder, is coated with a phosphate (RTP-O) film, And the constituents have a specific elemental composition.
[0025]
(1) Magnet alloy powder
The magnetic alloy powder used as the material for the highly weather-resistant magnet powder of the present invention is Th alloy. 2 Zn 17 Type or Th 2 Ni 17 It is a rare earth element-iron-nitrogen (RTN) magnet powder having a type crystal structure. These are intermetallic compounds having a rhombohedral, hexagonal, tetragonal or monoclinic crystal structure; 2 Zn 17 As a type of magnet alloy powder, for example, Sm 2 Fe 17 N 3 Alloy, Nd 2 Fe 17 N 3 And the like, and Th 2 Ni 17 As a type of magnet alloy powder, for example, Gd 2 Fe 17 N 3 And the like.
[0026]
Examples of the rare earth element (R) include Sm, Nd, Pr, Y, La, Ce, and Gd. These may be used alone or as a mixture. Among them, Sm and Nd are effective. Those containing 80% by weight or more of Sm are preferable. The transition metal element (T) includes Fe as an essential component, and a part of which may be substituted with Co.
[0027]
The magnet alloy powder includes C, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, Sn, Hf, Ta, W, Re, and Os. , Ir, Pt, or Au. These include elements other than transition metals, but in the present invention, they are all handled according to the transition metal element (T). If these components are added in an amount of 3 wt% or less, preferably 0.05 to 0.5 wt%, the weather resistance and heat resistance of the magnet can be further increased.
[0028]
Of these, the addition of one or more selected from Al, Si, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Mo, Zr, Nb, Ta, or the like will improve coercive force, improve productivity, and reduce cost. Can be planned. In this case, the addition amount is desirably 3% by weight or less based on the total weight of the transition metal (T).
[0029]
Particularly preferred rare earth-iron-nitrogen (R-Fe-N) -based magnet powder as the magnet alloy powder of the present invention is obtained by finely pulverizing a rare earth-iron-nitrogen-based magnet powder obtained by a reduction diffusion method, It is manufactured by adjusting the particle size so that it becomes a fine powder having a specific average particle size and particle size distribution.
[0030]
A transition metal powder such as iron used as a raw material is generally manufactured by an atomizing method, an electrolytic method, or the like, but the manufacturing method is not limited as long as it is a powdery transition metal. In addition, the transition metal oxide can be 20% by weight or less of the transition metal. The transition metal (T), the rare earth element (R), and the elements that can be added for improving coercive force, improving productivity, and reducing cost are as described above.
[0031]
The above rare earth oxide powder raw material containing the rare earth element, the transition metal powder raw material whose particle diameter is adjusted to a range of 10 μm to 100 μm, and other raw material powders are weighed and mixed to further reduce the rare earth element. Add sufficient amount of reducing agent and mix. As the reducing agent, an alkaline earth metal such as Ca is used. The particle size of the reducing agent is preferably a lump of 5 mm or less.
[0032]
Thereafter, the mixture is heated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere (that is, an atmosphere substantially free of oxygen) to a temperature not lower than the temperature at which the reducing agent melts and to a temperature at which the desired rare earth-iron alloy does not melt. Hold and heat and bake.
As a result, the rare earth oxide is reduced to the rare earth element, and the rare earth element is diffused into the transition metal by using the exothermic temperature at the time of the reduction, whereby the rare earth-iron alloy is synthesized.
[0033]
Next, the rare earth-iron alloy is cooled to room temperature. The cooled roasted product is thrown into pure water, and the stirring and the decantation are repeated until the hydrogen ion concentration pH becomes 10 or less. Then, acetic acid or hydrochloric acid is added to water until the pH becomes about 5, and stirring is performed in this state. Thereafter, the obtained rare earth-iron-based alloy is dried into a powder, and then the powdered rare-earth-iron-based alloy is nitrided to produce a desired rare earth-iron-nitrogen-based magnet powder. .
[0034]
(2) High weather resistant magnet powder
The highly weather-resistant magnet powder is obtained by forming a phosphate film on the surface of the rare earth element-iron-nitrogen (RTN) -based magnet powder thus obtained, and the magnet powder has a specific average particle size. Each component constituting the entire magnet powder including the phosphate film has a specific elemental composition.
[0035]
In the present invention, the average particle size of the magnet powder is 1 to 10 μm. By setting the average particle size of the magnet powder in the range of 1 to 10 μm, a highly weather-resistant magnet powder having a coercive force at room temperature of 400 kA / m or more can be obtained. If the average particle size is less than 1 μm, the residual magnetization of the magnet powder is reduced, and if it exceeds 10 μm, the coercive force at room temperature is reduced, which is not preferable.
[0036]
The component of the phosphate coating is, for example, iron phosphate, samarium phosphate, or a composite metal salt thereof. The main component is iron phosphate, and the iron / rare earth element ratio is 8 or more, preferably 9 or more, and more preferably 10 or more. When the iron / rare earth element ratio is 8 or more, water can be cut off to some extent, the bonding force with the resin binder can be increased, and the moldability of the bonded magnet can be improved. If the iron / rare earth element ratio is less than 8, these effects cannot be expected.
[0037]
The components of the highly weather-resistant magnet powder include rare earth elements (R), which are components of the magnet powder, transition metal elements (T) such as iron, and nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), which is a component of a phosphate film. It can be said that oxygen (O) is an essential component and contains hydrogen (H), which is an impurity (T) unavoidably mixed during the production process. As described above, cobalt may be further included as a component of the magnet powder, and a transition metal element (T) such as zinc, copper, or manganese may be further included as a component of the phosphate film.
[0038]
The components constituting the highly weather-resistant magnet powder of the present invention are as follows: R (rare earth element) is 20 to 25 wt%, N (nitrogen) is 2.1 to 3.9 wt%, and P (phosphorus) is 0.2 to 2 wt%. 0.0 (wt%), O (oxygen) is 0.5 to 5.0 wt%, and the balance is T (transition metal element and unavoidable impurities), and contains H (hydrogen) as an unavoidable impurity. However, the amount has been reduced to less than 0.3 wt%.
[0039]
The rare earth element (R), which is a main component of the magnet powder, is contained in an amount of 20 to 25 wt%, preferably 23 to 25 wt%. If R is less than 20 wt%, the remanence and coercive force of the magnet powder decrease, and if it exceeds 25 wt%, the remanence and weather resistance of the magnet powder decrease.
[0040]
N (nitrogen) is contained in an amount of 2.1 to 3.9 wt%, preferably 2.8 to 3.5 wt%. If N is less than 2.1 wt% or exceeds 3.9 wt%, the residual magnetization and coercive force of the magnet powder are undesirably reduced.
[0041]
On the other hand, the content of P (phosphorus), which is a component of the phosphate film, is 0.2 to 2.0 wt%, preferably 0.3 to 1.0 wt%. If P is less than 0.2 wt%, the weather resistance and heat resistance of the magnet powder are inferior, and if it exceeds 2.0 wt%, the residual magnetization is undesirably reduced.
[0042]
Further, O (oxygen) is 0.5 to 5.0 wt%, preferably 1.0 to 3.0 wt%. If O is less than 0.5% by weight, the phosphate film on the surface of the magnet powder is not sufficiently formed, so that the weather resistance and heat resistance are poor, and in addition, the surface activity is high, and there is a risk of ignition when handled in the atmosphere. There is. On the other hand, when the content exceeds 5.0 wt%, the residual magnetization decreases, which is not preferable.
[0043]
The balance is a transition metal element (T) as a main component of the magnet powder, ie, Fe or Co. As a component of the phosphate film, Zn, Cu, Mn, and the like may be further included. Accordingly, it is preferable that the transition metal element (T) contains one or more selected from Co, Zn, Cu, and Mn in addition to Fe.
[0044]
Further, the optional component H (hydrogen) unavoidably mixed is 0 to 0.3 wt%, preferably 0.1 wt% or less. H has an adverse effect on the weather resistance, and if it exceeds 0.3 wt%, the weather resistance is reduced and the coercive force is also reduced.
[0045]
The surface of the magnetic powder of the present invention is uniformly coated with a phosphate film having an average thickness of 3 to 50 nm. The average thickness is preferably 4 to 45 nm, particularly preferably 5 to 40 nm. When the thickness is less than 3 nm, defective portions are likely to be coated with the magnet powder and the weather resistance becomes insufficient. On the other hand, when the thickness exceeds 50 nm, the magnetic properties may be deteriorated, which is not preferable.
[0046]
Here, that the magnet powder surface is uniformly coated means that 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, and more preferably 90% or more of the magnet powder surface is covered with a phosphate film.
[0047]
The high weather resistant magnet powder of the present invention has a volume-based specific surface area of 7 m. 2 / Cm 3 It is characterized by the following. 7m 2 / Cm 3 If it exceeds 30, the weather resistance decreases, which is not preferable.
[0048]
(3) Production of highly weatherable magnet powder
In order to produce the highly weather-resistant magnet powder of the present invention, for example, a method in which an iron-based magnet alloy powder containing a rare earth element is pulverized in an organic solvent in the presence of a phosphate compound and then dried.
[0049]
That is, a rare earth-iron-nitrogen-based magnetic powder having an average particle diameter of more than 10 μm is put into a grinder, a phosphoric acid compound is added, and the mixture is stirred and pulverized in an organic solvent until the magnetic powder has an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less. After a phosphate film having an iron / rare earth element ratio of 8 or more is formed on the surface of the magnet powder, the organic solvent is separated, and then heated and dried under specific conditions.
[0050]
Therefore, the high weather resistant magnet powder of the present invention is obtained by first pulverizing the alloy powder in the presence of a phosphate compound, forming a phosphate film on the surface, drying and heating the obtained alloy powder. The second step is to fix the phosphate film on the surface.
[0051]
Conventionally, a process of coating the surface of the rare earth-iron-nitrogen-based magnetic powder with a phosphate film has been performed. However, since a processing agent such as phosphate is added after the completion of the grinding of the magnet powder, The magnetic powders agglomerate each other due to the magnetic force, and at least a portion of the contact surface of the magnetic powder that is not coated with the phosphate film is generated.
[0052]
Therefore, in the present invention, the phosphate compound is added before or during the pulverization of the magnet powder. The method of adding the phosphate compound is not particularly limited. For example, when the magnet alloy powder is pulverized by a pulverizer such as a medium stirring mill, the phosphate compound is added to an organic solvent used as a solvent. The phosphoric acid compound may be finally added to a desired phosphoric acid concentration, and may be added all at once before starting the pulverization. However, it is more preferable that the phosphoric acid compound is gradually added so that the phosphoric acid concentration in the solvent is constant.
[0053]
In the first step of producing the highly weather-resistant magnet powder of the present invention, the phosphoric acid compound is not particularly limited as long as it can form a phosphate film, and is commercially available ordinary phosphoric acid (for example, 85% concentration). Aqueous phosphoric acid) can be used. In addition, metal phosphate compounds such as zinc phosphate can be used alone or in combination, but it is preferable to use phosphoric acid alone. When used in combination, it is desirable to use phosphoric acid at a concentration one to three times that of the metal phosphate compound. Even if only known phosphoric esters are used, the effect of the present invention cannot be obtained.
[0054]
Examples of the phosphoric acid include phosphoric acid compounds such as orthophosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, pyrophosphoric acid, linear polyphosphoric acid, and cyclic metaphosphoric acid, which are preferably used together with water and an organic solvent.
[0055]
In addition, ammonium phosphate, ammonium magnesium phosphate, etc., and a zinc phosphate type which forms a whipite, a phosphoferrite, etc. on the surface of a magnet powder; a zinc calcium phosphate type which forms a scholzeite, a phosphophyllite, a whipite, etc .; Compounds that form a film, such as manganese phosphates that form light, iron huliolite, and the like; and iron phosphates that consist of strainnite, hematite, and the like can also be used. These metal phosphate compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more, and are usually used as a treating agent by mixing with a chelating agent, a neutralizing agent and the like.
[0056]
Of these, orthophosphoric acid exhibits preferable performance because it has high reactivity with rare earth metals and iron, and easily forms a phosphate film on the surface of the magnet powder.
[0057]
Further, the amount of the phosphoric acid compound to be added cannot be said unconditionally because it is related to the particle size, surface area and the like of the magnet powder after pulverization, but usually, 0.1 mol / kg or more and 2 mol or more based on the magnet alloy powder to be pulverized. / Kg, more preferably 0.15 to 1.5 mol / kg, even more preferably 0.2 to 0.4 mol / kg.
If the amount is less than 0.1 mol / kg, the surface treatment of the magnet powder is not sufficiently performed, so that the weather resistance is not improved. Further, when the powder is handled in the air, the magnetic properties are extremely lowered due to oxidation and heat generation. If it is 2 mol / kg or more, the reaction with the magnet powder occurs violently, and the magnet powder is dissolved.
[0058]
The organic solvent is not particularly limited, and is usually an alcohol such as ethanol or isopropyl alcohol, a ketone, a lower hydrocarbon, an aromatic, or a mixture thereof. The use of an alcohol is particularly preferable.
[0059]
A device such as a medium stirring mill or a bead mill is used for the pulverization. By adding a phosphoric acid compound when pulverizing the magnet alloy powder, even if a new surface is generated in the agglomerated particles due to the pulverization, it is instantaneously added to the solvent. Reacts with the phosphate compound to form a stable phosphate film on the particle surface. Further, even if the ground magnet powder thereafter agglomerates due to its magnetic force, the contact surface has already been stabilized, and corrosion does not occur by crushing.
[0060]
At the beginning, a thin phosphate film is formed on the surface of the magnet powder having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or more in a short time as the grinding proceeds, but the reaction is completed, and a phosphate film having a sufficient thickness is formed. The formation requires a pulverization (stirring) time of 30 to 180 minutes, preferably 60 to 150 minutes, depending on the type of the phosphoric acid compound and the like.
[0061]
Th 2 Zn 17 In the rare earth element-iron-nitrogen based magnetic powder having a type crystal structure, a phosphate of each of the constituent elements can be generated depending on the type of the phosphoric acid compound used for the phosphoric acid treatment, but the rare earth element is significantly lower than iron, Depending on the amount of the compound added and the pulverization conditions, the rare earth element may elute preferentially to form a phosphate.
[0062]
In this case as well, there is no problem in the heat resistance of the magnet powder, but from the viewpoint of weather resistance, it is desirable that the content of iron phosphate in the film is large. Iron phosphate has better weather resistance than phosphates of rare earth elements, and under conditions where rare earth elements are preferentially eluted, the Fe concentration on the surface of the magnet powder is increased, and the magnetic properties of the magnet powder are reduced. This is because it may change.
For this reason, it is desirable that the ratio of Fe / rare earth element (element ratio) in the phosphate be adjusted to 8 or more depending on the amount of the phosphate compound added, the mixing time, and the like. The thickness of the phosphate coating for protecting the surface of the magnet powder is desirably 3 to 50 nm on average.
[0063]
If the surface of the rare earth element-iron-nitrogen based magnetic powder is subjected to a zinc treatment for chemically coating and reacting zinc, the soft magnetic phase and defects on the powder surface are reduced, so that the phosphate film can be easily formed. It is particularly suitable because it can be formed and has excellent heat resistance as well as weather resistance.
[0064]
The second step is a step of heating the magnet powder obtained as described above in an inert gas or vacuum in a temperature range of 100 ° C. or more and less than 400 ° C. As the inert gas, argon, helium and the like can be used, but usually nitrogen is used. If the pressure is reduced to a degree of vacuum of 0.1 atm or less, drying can be performed more efficiently.
[0065]
The heating temperature is preferably from 100 ° C to 400 ° C, particularly preferably from 120 ° C to 370 ° C. When the heat treatment is performed at a temperature lower than 100 ° C., the drying of the magnet powder does not proceed sufficiently and the formation of a stable surface film is hindered. Further, when the heat treatment is performed at a temperature exceeding 400 ° C., there is a problem that the coercive force is considerably reduced, possibly because the magnet powder is thermally damaged.
[0066]
The time required for the heat treatment varies depending on the treatment apparatus, the treatment amount, the heating atmosphere and the heating temperature, but may be 30 minutes or more, and is preferably 60 to 400 minutes, particularly preferably 100 to 360 minutes. If the time is less than 30 minutes, H (hydrogen) cannot be sufficiently reduced, while the time exceeding 400 minutes is not preferable in terms of economy.
[0067]
The average particle size of the magnet powder and the thickness of the phosphate film can be adjusted to specific ranges by controlling conditions such as the amount of the phosphate compound added, the pulverization time, the drying temperature, or the drying time. It is important that the composition, especially the contents of P, O and H, fall within the predetermined range of the present invention.
[0068]
The highly weather-resistant magnet powder of the present invention has sufficient performance due to the formation of a phosphate film on its surface. However, if necessary, various coupling agents such as silane-based, aluminate-based, and titanate-based can be used. And at least one selected from abietic acid compounds and the like.
[0069]
2. Resin composition for bonded magnet
The resin composition for a bonded magnet of the present invention is obtained by blending a resin binder as a main component in highly weatherable magnet powder. The method for producing the resin composition for a bonded magnet is not particularly limited, and for example, it can be produced using a known thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin, or an additive as shown below.
[0070]
(1) Resin binder
In the present invention, the resin binder serves as a binder for the magnetic powder, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin, and a conventionally known resin can be used.
[0071]
Specific examples of the thermoplastic resin include polyamide resins such as 6-nylon, 6,6-nylon, 11-nylon, 12-nylon, 6,12-nylon, aromatic nylon, modified nylon obtained by partially modifying these molecules, and straight-chain. -Type polyphenylene sulfide resin, cross-linked polyphenylene sulfide resin, semi-cross-linked polyphenylene sulfide resin, low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene resin, high-density polyethylene resin, ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin , Ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer resin, ionomer resin, polymethylpentene resin, polystyrene resin, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer resin, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinyl chloride Nilidene resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, polyvinyl butyral resin, polyvinyl formal resin, methacrylic resin, polyvinylidene fluoride resin, poly (chlorotrifluoroethylene) resin, ethylene tetrafluoride-propylene hexafluoride copolymer resin, ethylene -Ethylene tetrafluoride copolymer resin, ethylene tetrafluoride-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer resin, polytetrafluoroethylene resin, polycarbonate resin, polyacetal resin, polyethylene terephthalate resin, polybutylene terephthalate resin, polyphenylene oxide resin, polyallyl ether Allyl sulfone resin, polyether sulfone resin, polyether ether ketone resin, polyarylate resin, aromatic polyester resin, cellulose acetate resin, Each resin-based elastomer and the like, and random copolymers of these homopolymers and other species monomer, block copolymers, graft copolymers, and end groups modified products with other substances.
[0072]
Among these, a polyamide resin, a polyphenylene sulfide resin, or a modified resin thereof is preferable in terms of heat resistance, mechanical strength, handleability, and the like.
It is desirable that the melt viscosity and the molecular weight of these thermoplastic resins be low as long as the desired mechanical strength of the obtained bonded magnet can be obtained. The shape of the thermoplastic resin is not particularly limited, such as powder, beads, and pellets. However, the powder is desirably homogeneous because it is uniformly mixed with the magnet powder.
[0073]
In the case of a thermosetting resin, for example, epoxy resin, vinyl ester resin, unsaturated polyester resin, phenol resin, melamine resin, urea resin, benzoguanamine resin, bismaleimide / triazine resin, diallyl phthalate resin, furan resin, thermosetting Examples include a basic polybutadiene resin, a polyimide resin, a polyurethane resin, a silicone resin, a xylene resin, and the like, and naturally, a system in a basic composition of these, another kind of monomer, a blend of two or more kinds of these resins, and the like. Particularly preferred are epoxy resins, vinyl ester resins, or unsaturated polyester resins.
[0074]
The viscosity, molecular weight, properties, and the like of these thermosetting resins are not particularly limited as long as the desired mechanical strength and moldability can be obtained. Is desirable.
In the production of the injection-molded bonded magnet, if a thermosetting resin is used, the viscosity of the resin binder is reduced immediately before the magnet molded product is cured in the mold, so that good orientation characteristics can be obtained.
[0075]
The compounding amount of these resin binders is usually 2 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 3 to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the magnetic powder. If the compounding amount of the resin binder is less than 2 parts by weight, the kneading resistance (torque) of the composition increases, the fluidity decreases, and molding of the magnet becomes difficult. In addition, the mechanical strength of the molded body decreases. . On the other hand, if it exceeds 100 parts by weight, desired magnetic properties cannot be obtained.
[0076]
(2) Additive
Additives such as plastic molding lubricants and various stabilizers can be added to the bonded magnet composition using the highly weather-resistant magnet powder of the present invention, as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
[0077]
Examples of the lubricant include waxes such as paraffin wax, liquid paraffin, polyethylene wax, polypropylene wax, ester wax, carnauba, and micro wax, stearic acid, 1,2-oxystearic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, and the like. Fatty acids such as calcium stearate, barium stearate, magnesium stearate, lithium stearate, zinc stearate, aluminum stearate, calcium laurate, zinc linoleate, calcium ricinoleate, and zinc 2-ethylhexoate (metal soaps) Classifications) stearic acid amide, oleic acid amide, erucic acid amide, behenic acid amide, palmitic acid amide, lauric acid amide, hydroxystearic acid amide, methylene bisstear Acid amides, ethylenebisstearic acid amide, ethylenebislauric acid amide, distearyladipamide, ethylenebisoleic acid amide, dioleyladipamide, N-stearylstearic acid amide, fatty acid amides, butyl stearate, etc. Fatty acid esters, alcohols such as ethylene glycol and stearyl alcohol, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, polytetramethylene glycols, and polyethers composed of modified products thereof, dimethyl polysiloxane, polysiloxanes such as silicone grease, fluorine-based oils, Examples include fluorine compound such as fluorine-based grease and fluorine-containing resin powder, and inorganic compound powder such as silicon nitride, silicon carbide, magnesium oxide, alumina, silicon dioxide, and molybdenum disulfide.
These lubricants may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of the lubricant is usually 0.01 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the magnet powder.
[0078]
Examples of the stabilizer include bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, bis (1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, 1- [2 -{3- (3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionyloxy {ethyl] -4- {3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionyloxy} -2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 8-benzyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-3-octyl-1,2,3-triazaspiro [4,5] undecane-2,4- Dione, 4-benzoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, dimethyl succinate-1- (2-hydroxyethyl) -4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine polycondensate Poly [[6- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) imino-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl] [(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl ) Imino] hexamethylene [[2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) imino]], 2- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) -2-n-butyl In addition to hindered-amine stabilizers such as bis (1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) malonate, antioxidants such as phenol-based, phosphite-based, and thioether-based stabilizers are included.
These stabilizers may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of the stabilizer is usually 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 0.05 to 3 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the magnetic powder.
[0079]
The high weather resistance rare earth-iron-nitrogen based magnet of the present invention may be mixed with various magnet powders that are usually used as raw materials for bonded magnets, such as ferrite and alnico. Although anisotropic magnet powder is also a target, a magnet powder having an anisotropic magnetic field (HA) of 4000 kA / m (50 kOe) or more is preferable.
[0080]
The method of mixing the above components is not particularly limited, and for example, a mixer such as a ribbon blender, a tumbler, a Nauter mixer, a Henschel mixer, a super mixer, or a Banbury mixer, a kneader, a roll, a kneader ruder, a single shaft It is carried out using a kneader such as an extruder or a twin-screw extruder.
[0081]
The shape of the composition for a bonded magnet to be obtained is in the form of powder, beads, pellets, or a mixture thereof, but pellets are desirable from the viewpoint of easy handling. For the thermosetting resin, it is preferable to use a mixer having a low shearing force and a cooling function so that the curing does not progress due to shear heat generated during mixing.
[0082]
In the present invention, since the magnet powder is stabilized by a phosphate film having an average of 3 to 50 nm, when this is mixed with a resin to produce a bonded magnet, a part of the aggregation of the particles is caused by the shearing force accompanying the mixing. Does not form a new surface without a coating even if the powder is disintegrated, and the resulting bonded magnet exhibits extremely high weather resistance.
[0083]
3. Bonded magnet
Next, the composition for a bonded magnet is formed into a bonded magnet having a desired shape.
[0084]
At this time, various molding methods such as injection molding, extrusion molding, injection compression molding, injection press molding, compression molding, and transfer molding, which are conventionally used for plastic molding, etc., are used as molding methods. Among these, in particular, the injection molding method, the extrusion molding method, the injection compression molding method, and the injection press molding method are preferable.
[0085]
In the magnet formed by compacting the magnet powder in this way, not only the surface of the magnet molded body, but also the individual magnet powder constituting the magnet is uniformly coated with the above-mentioned phosphate film, so that deterioration occurs on the surface of the magnet body. Even if it does not easily progress inside the magnet body, it shows high weather resistance. In other words, in the present invention, in order to obtain excellent magnetic properties, it is important to use a highly weatherable magnet powder which is uniformly coated with a phosphate film and stabilized.
[0086]
【Example】
Hereinafter, examples and comparative examples of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. Details and evaluation methods of each component used in Examples and Comparative Examples are as follows.
[0087]
(1) Component
Magnet alloy powder
・ Sm-Fe-N magnet alloy powder (Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd.)
Average particle size: 30 μm, Sm: 23.5 to 24.5 wt%, N: 3.1 to 3.5 wt%, balance: Fe (Ca: 0.006 to 0.015 wt%, H: 0.002 to 0 wt%) 0.0008 wt%)
Phosphoric acid compounds
-85% orthophosphoric acid aqueous solution (trade name: "phosphoric acid", manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.)
[0088]
(2) Test and evaluation method
・ Composition analysis
Sm and P in the obtained magnet powder sample were analyzed by ICP emission analysis, N was analyzed by resistance heating / infrared absorption method, and O and H were analyzed by resistance heating / conductivity method.
[0089]
・ Average particle size, specific surface area by volume
The 50% particle diameter measured by HELOS & RODOS manufactured by Japan Laser Co., Ltd. was defined as the average particle diameter of the magnet powder sample. The volume-based specific surface area was also measured and calculated with HELOS & RODOS manufactured by Japan Laser Corporation.
[0090]
・ Film thickness and uniformity
The obtained magnet powder sample was mixed with a thermosetting resin and cured, and then subjected to FIB (ion beam) processing to prepare a thin sample. The cross section of the magnet powder was observed with a transmission electron microscope to confirm the uniformity of the phosphate film formed on the surface of the magnet powder and to determine the thickness.
[0091]
・ Fe / rare earth element ratio
The obtained magnet powder sample was subjected to Ar sputtering, and the area intensity of the Fe and Sm spectra obtained by XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) was multiplied by the sensitivity coefficient of a measuring device (ESCALAB220i-XL manufactured by VG Scientific). , Fe / Sm element ratio was determined.
[0092]
・ Coercive force and residual magnetization of magnet powder
The coercive force Hc and residual magnetization σr of the magnet powder sample were measured at room temperature with a vibrating sample magnetometer in accordance with the Bonded Magnet Test Method Guidebook BMG-2002 of the Japan Bonded Magnet Industry Association.
[0093]
・ Coercive force of bonded magnet
The coercive force of the bonded magnet obtained using the magnet powder sample was measured with a thiophy-type self-recording magnetometer after the magnet was magnetized at 4000 kA / m.
[0094]
[Examples 1 to 14]
Using an attritor in which the interior of the container was replaced with nitrogen, 1 kg of the magnetic alloy powder was pulverized in 1.5 kg of isopropanol for the time shown in Table 1 at a rotation speed of 200 rpm to produce a magnetic powder.
Here, before or during the pulverization, the phosphoric acid compound was added to the pulverizing solvent as an 85% orthophosphoric acid aqueous solution in an amount shown in Table 1 per kg of the magnet alloy powder. Thereafter, the magnet powder was dried under the conditions shown in Table 1.
[0095]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004111515
[0096]
Analytical composition, average particle size, coating thickness, Fe / rare earth element ratio of the obtained magnet powder, coercive force Hc (0) and Hc (300) in initial stage and after standing at 80 ° C.-90% RH in air for 300 hours. The initial residual magnetization σr was measured by the above method, and the results shown in Table 2 were obtained. As a result, in Examples 1 to 14, it was confirmed that the phosphate film was uniformly formed on all 20 surfaces of the particles arbitrarily selected from each sample.
[0097]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004111515
[0098]
Next, using the obtained magnet powder, 12 nylon is added so that the volume ratio of the magnetic powder becomes 56%, and after kneading with a lab plast mill, injection molding in a magnetic field with an orientation magnetic field of 640 kA / m is performed, and the diameter is increased by 10 mm. A 7 mm cylindrical bonded magnet was produced. The kneading temperature was 200 ° C. and the injection molding nozzle temperature was 210 ° C. The coercive force HcJ of the obtained magnet sample was measured by the above method, and the results shown in Table 2 were obtained.
[0099]
[Comparative Examples 1-4]
In the same manner as in the above example, 1 kg of the magnetic alloy powder was pulverized in 1.5 kg of isopropanol for the time shown in Table 1 at 200 rpm using an attritor in which the inside of the container was replaced with nitrogen to produce a magnetic powder. . Thereafter, the magnet powder was dried under the conditions shown in Table 1. As the magnet alloy powder, an Sm-Fe-N magnet alloy powder in which the Sm composition and the N composition were adjusted based on the description in Japanese Patent No. 3304726 by the present applicant was used.
Analytical composition, average particle size, coating thickness, Fe / rare earth element ratio of the obtained magnet powder, coercive force Hc (0) and Hc (300) in initial stage and after standing at 80 ° C.-90% RH in air for 300 hours. The initial residual magnetization σr was measured by the above method, and the results shown in Table 3 were obtained.
[0100]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004111515
[0101]
Next, using the obtained magnet powder, a columnar bonded magnet was produced in the same manner as in the example. The coercive force HcJ of the obtained magnet sample was measured by the above method, and the results shown in Table 3 were obtained.
[0102]
[Comparative Examples 5 to 11]
In the same manner as in the above example, the magnet powder was coated with a phosphate film under the conditions shown in Table 1, and 12 magnets of nylon were added to the obtained magnet powder to produce a bonded magnet for comparison. The results were as shown in Table 3.
[0103]
According to these Examples 1 to 14, a phosphoric acid compound was added to a sample having an average particle size of 1 to 10 μm in which the Sm of the magnet powder was 20 to 25 wt%, and the mixture was pulverized in an organic solvent, and then heated at a temperature of 100 ° C. or more. , And dried for 30 minutes or more, a film having a film thickness of 3 to 50 nm on average and a Fe / rare earth element ratio of 8 or more is formed, whereby the composition (R, N, P, O, H) can be set in a predetermined range, and it can be seen that highly weatherable magnet powder having a coercive force of about 400 kA / m or more can be obtained.
On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 to 11, either the magnetic powder which does not meet these conditions is used, or the conditions for coating the magnetic powder with phosphate or the drying conditions are not appropriate, so that all are satisfactory in terms of magnetic characteristics. It turns out that the expected result cannot be obtained.
[0104]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the magnet powder of the present invention is a rare earth-iron-nitrogen magnet powder having an average particle diameter of 1 to 10 μm, a surface of which is coated with a phosphate film, and having a predetermined component composition. Further, since the film is formed so as to have a predetermined film thickness and a Fe / rare earth ratio, it has a stable coercive force of 400 kA / m or more and is excellent in weather resistance. Furthermore, the resin composition for bonded magnets using this magnet powder also has excellent weather resistance. Further, by molding this, a bonded magnet having a high coercive force HcJ can be obtained. That is, by using the magnet powder of the present invention, it is possible to stably produce a highly weather-resistant bonded magnet, and its industrial value is extremely large.

Claims (9)

ThZn17型またはThNi17型結晶構造をもつ希土類−鉄−窒素(R−T−N)系磁石粉の表面が燐酸塩(R−T−P−O)皮膜で被覆された高耐候性磁石粉において、
平均粒径が1〜10μm、かつ組成は、20〜25wt%のR(希土類元素)、2.1〜3.9wt%のN(窒素)、0.2〜2.0wt%のP(リン)、0.5〜5.0wt%のO(酸素)及び残部がT(遷移金属元素および不可避的不純物)であり、不可避的不純物であるH(水素)の含有量を0.3wt%以下としたことを特徴とする高耐候性磁石粉。
Earth with Th 2 Zn 17 type or Th 2 Ni 17 type crystal structure - Iron - nitrogen (R-T-N) based high surface of the magnet powder coated with phosphate (R-T-P-O ) film In weatherable magnet powder,
The average particle size is 1 to 10 μm, and the composition is 20 to 25 wt% R (rare earth element), 2.1 to 3.9 wt% N (nitrogen), 0.2 to 2.0 wt% P (phosphorus). , 0.5 to 5.0 wt% of O (oxygen) and the balance being T (transition metal element and unavoidable impurities), and the content of H (hydrogen), which is an unavoidable impurity, is set to 0.3 wt% or less. Highly weather-resistant magnet powder characterized by the following.
希土類−鉄−窒素(R−T−N)系磁石粉は、Sm−Fe−N系磁石粉であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高耐候性磁石粉。The highly weather resistant magnet powder according to claim 1, wherein the rare earth-iron-nitrogen (RTN) magnet powder is an Sm-Fe-N magnet powder. T(遷移金属元素)として、さらにCo、Zn、Cu、又はMnから選択される1種以上が含まれることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高耐候性磁石粉。2. The highly weatherable magnet powder according to claim 1, wherein T (transition metal element) further includes at least one selected from Co, Zn, Cu, and Mn. 3. 燐酸塩皮膜の膜厚が平均3〜50nmで、磁石粉が均一に被覆されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高耐候性磁石粉。The highly weather-resistant magnet powder according to claim 1, wherein the phosphate powder has an average thickness of 3 to 50 nm and is uniformly coated with the magnet powder. 燐酸塩皮膜が、燐酸鉄と希土類その他の燐酸塩からなる複合塩であり、かつ燐酸鉄含有率がFe/希土類元素比で8以上であることを特徴とする請求項1又は4に記載の高耐候性磁石粉。5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the phosphate film is a composite salt composed of iron phosphate and a rare earth or other phosphate, and the iron phosphate content is 8 or more in Fe / rare earth element ratio. Weatherproof magnet powder. 体積基準比表面積が7m/cm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高耐候性磁石粉。 2. The highly weather-resistant magnet powder according to claim 1, wherein the volume-based specific surface area is 7 m 2 / cm 3 or less. 室温での保磁力が400kA/m以上であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の高耐候性磁石粉。The highly weather-resistant magnet powder according to claim 1, wherein the coercive force at room temperature is 400 kA / m or more. 請求項1〜7に記載の高耐候性磁石粉に対して、樹脂バインダーが主成分として配合されていることを特徴とするボンド磁石用樹脂組成物。A resin composition for a bonded magnet, characterized in that a resin binder is blended as a main component with the highly weatherable magnet powder according to claim 1. 請求項8に記載のボンド磁石用樹脂組成物を射出成形法、押出成形法、射出圧縮成形法、射出プレス成形法、圧縮成形法又はトランスファー成形法のいずれかの成形法により成形してなるボンド磁石。A bond obtained by molding the resin composition for a bonded magnet according to claim 8 by an injection molding method, an extrusion molding method, an injection compression molding method, an injection press molding method, a compression molding method, or a transfer molding method. magnet.
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