JP2004041848A - Method for gasifying carbonaceous resources and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To convert carbonaceous resources into gas energy with a high efficiency. <P>SOLUTION: In a gasifying method for a carbonaceous resources, the carbonaceous resources are thermally decomposed to form pyrolyzed gas and tar. The carbonaceous resources are partially gasified by oxygen or oxygen and steam to generate a gasified gas. Either one of oxygen and steam or both of them are introduced into the pyrolyzed gas, pyrolyzed tar and the gasified gas to modify the pyrolyzed gas and tar. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【００２５】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、熱分解炉、ガス化炉、改質炉を組み合わせ、種々の炭素質資源の性状別に、違うエネルギー転換方法を与えることで、高効率な炭素質資源のガスエネルギーへの転換を可能とする。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の基本的設備構成（プロセスフロー）
【図２】熱分解残渣を利用した炭素質資源利用プロセスフロー
【図３】熱分解炉内部状況
【符号の説明】
１：炭素質資源
２：ガス化炉
３：熱分解炉
４：酸素
５：水蒸気
６：ガス化ガス
７：スラグ
８：熱分解ガス・熱分解タール
９：熱分解残渣
１０：改質炉
１１：金属
１２：炭素質残渣
１３：生成ガス
１４：ガス精製設備
１５：精製ガス
１６：熱分解残渣破砕機
１７：金属分離装置
１８：炭素質残渣供給装置
１９：下部ゾーン
２０：上部ゾーン
２１：酸化剤
２２：接続部[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a technology for efficiently converting various carbonaceous resources into raw fuel gas.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, the concept of 3R (reduce: reduce, reuse: reuse, recycle: reuse) has begun to be recognized as a common concept, partly due to policy backing. The so-called waste products, such as products after use, breakdown or destruction, and by-products during product manufacturing, are mainly treated by incineration or landfill, and are effectively used in conjunction with the tight realities of final disposal sites. Doing so will be one answer to addressing the issue of global warming. However, wastes have various properties, and many wastes with low energy density are included, and the burden of gas purification after treatment is large. Few processes are economically self-sustaining on a scale.
[0003]
Most of the waste contains carbon, and although the calorific value is generally low, it can be regarded as an energy resource similar to coal, oil, natural gas and the like.
[0004]
In general, waste disposal is based on a garbage incineration power generation system in which steam is generated by combining incineration of municipal solid waste discharged from municipalities and electricity is recovered. Some incinerators have improved the transmission end efficiency to nearly 30% due to improvements, raw material adjustment (RDF conversion), and efficiency improvement by using external fuel (super garbage power generation). However, these require pre-treatment of waste, boiler materials, and introduction of external fuel, and are special solutions in terms of cost and application, and are not generalized.
[0005]
Due to the tightening of final disposal sites and the regulations on dioxins, the use of actual equipment by local governments is increasing.The aim is to reduce the volume and detoxification of ash and to reduce dioxin. There is a so-called waste gasification and melting technology that transforms into power generation. There are many types of this technology, and large (1) direct melting type (using a shaft furnace, etc., performs thermal decomposition, gasification, combustion and melting in the reactor at the first stage, burns in the second stage, and recovers energy with a boiler and steam turbine (2) Pyrolysis + Combustion / Melting type (gas, tar, and char generated by low-temperature pyrolysis are burned at high temperature with sufficient air, and energy is recovered by boilers and steam turbines). (3) Pyrolysis + gasification type (gas generated by low-temperature pyrolysis, char is converted to high-temperature gas to generate flammable gas, and gas turbine or gas engine is used for power generation or gas is used as chemical raw material.) Can be In the combustion-steam power generation methods (1) and (2), the power generation efficiency is limited because steam conditions to be recovered due to corrosion by chlorine and the like contained in wastes are limited. In the power generation using the clean-up gas of (3), there is generally a high possibility that the power generation efficiency can be improved. For example, taking coal-based power generation as an example, the power transmission efficiency in a combined power generation (IGCC) combining a gas turbine and a steam turbine is higher than the power transmission end efficiency of a combustion boiler (38-39%, USC type 39-41%). Edge efficiency is obtained (43-44% for normal type, 46-48% for high-temperature gas turbine). Furthermore, next-generation technologies that combine gasification with fuel cells have the advantage of being able to expand to high-efficiency energy conversion methods, such as a transmission end efficiency of over 50%. It is anticipated that technologies centered on the development will expand more widely.
[0006]
The present invention is directed to high-efficiency energy conversion of carbonaceous raw materials including waste, and mainly belongs to the technical category of the above (3). Looking at the field of waste utilization using gasification, as a patent, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 10-81885 discloses a combination of a low-temperature fluidized-bed gasification furnace and a high-temperature melt gasification furnace, and a raw material gas for ammonia synthesis from waste ( A method and an apparatus for producing hydrogen) are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-310983, and a method and an apparatus for producing a raw fuel gas by gasifying waste and combining an internal circulation type fluidized bed furnace and a high temperature gasification furnace. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-294726 proposes a method and an apparatus for producing a combustible gas by thermally decomposing waste and reforming pyrolysis tar with a partial oxidation gas of a pyrolysis char. There are few technologies that belong to the thermal decomposition and gasification of (3) that are actually operating. The what is actual reduction, using a rotary kiln externally heated as low temperature pyrolysis techniques, the resulting pyrolysis gases and tar reforming high temperature reforming with air, which give a 1000 kcal / Nm ³ as low calorie gas Process using a gas engine or low-temperature pyrolysis technology to consolidate waste and gasify and reform pyrolysis gas, tar, and pyrolysis residue generated in a pusher-type external heat pyrolysis furnace with oxygen Then, there is a process for obtaining a medium calorie gas of about 2000 kcal / Nm ³ . These technologies have a power transmission end efficiency of 7 to 12% and a low thermal efficiency when generating power.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the prior art centered on the gasification of the waste, there are several factors that hinder the improvement in efficiency. In the techniques disclosed in JP-A-10-81885 and JP-A-10-310983, a fluidized bed system is used for pyrolysis (low-temperature gasification). In a fluidized bed, a fluidized gas is required to maintain a suitable fluidized bed state, and generally, air, oxygen, steam, or the like is used. Most of these gases do not take part in the reaction, resulting in a low efficiency due to unnecessary heating in the high temperature gasification furnace (increase in the amount of required oxygen), efficiency loss during heat recovery, etc. Have a challenge. At present, rotary kilns and pusher-type processes currently in operation are not able to be pressurized in terms of gas sealing properties, and the low-temperature pyrolysis furnace is of an external heat type. In addition, the power generation requires a compression step of the generated gas, and the process thermal efficiency is low.
[0008]
An object of the present invention is to enable highly efficient conversion of carbonaceous resources to gas energy.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is an effective method for solving the above problems,
(1) pyrolyze carbonaceous resources to generate pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis tar; partially oxidize carbonaceous resources with oxygen or oxygen and water vapor to generate a gasified gas; Cracking tar, and a gasification method of carbonaceous resources, characterized in that the pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis tar are reformed by introducing one or both of oxygen and steam into the gasification gas,
(2) The method according to the above (1), wherein the carbonaceous residue obtained by separating the metal from the pyrolysis residue generated by pyrolyzing the carbonaceous resource is partially oxidized with oxygen or oxygen and steam together with the carbonaceous resource. Gasification method of the carbonaceous resources described,
(3) The carbonaceous resource according to the above (1) or (2), wherein, when pyrolyzing the carbonaceous resource, the temperature of the reaction section is set to 300 ° C. to 800 ° C. using a shaft furnace. Gasification method,
(4) When partially oxidizing the carbonaceous residue obtained by separating the metal from the pyrolysis residue generated by pyrolyzing the carbonaceous resource together with the carbonaceous resource, the reaction section temperature is set to 1200 ° C to 1600 ° C, and the thermal decomposition is further performed. The method for gasifying carbonaceous resources according to the above (2) or (3), wherein the temperature of the reaction section is set to 900 ° C. to 1200 ° C. when reforming the gas and the pyrolysis tar.
(5) The method according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the heat required for the pyrolysis is provided by the combustion heat of the pyrolyzed carbonaceous resource itself. Gasification method,
(6) The above (1) to (5), wherein the pyrolysis and partial oxidation of the carbonaceous resource and the reforming of the pyrolysis gas and the pyrolysis tar are performed at a pressure of 0.5 MPa to 3.0 MPa. The method for gasifying a carbonaceous resource according to any one of the above,
(7) Thermally decomposes at least one of shredder dust, soft plastic, raw wood, and general waste as carbonaceous resources, and partially oxidizes one or both of wood and hard plastic. The gasification method for carbonaceous resources according to any one of the above (1) to (6),
(8) A shaft-type pyrolysis furnace for pyrolyzing carbonaceous resources, and a carbonaceous residue obtained by separating metals from a pyrolysis residue generated by pyrolyzing carbonaceous resources with oxygen or oxygen and steam together with the carbonaceous resources. The gasification furnace to be partially gasified, the pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis tar generated in the pyrolysis furnace, the gasification gas generated in the gasification furnace, and / or oxygen and / or steam are introduced and introduced. A gasifier for carbonaceous resources, comprising a reforming furnace for reforming pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis tar,
(9) The gasifier for carbonaceous resources according to the above (8), further comprising a gas purifier that processes the product gas reformed in the reforming furnace.
(10) The gasification apparatus for carbonaceous resources according to (8) or (9), wherein the gasification furnace and the reforming furnace are connected.
(11) A crusher for crushing the pyrolysis residue generated in the pyrolysis furnace, a device for separating metal from the pyrolysis residue, and a supply device for supplying the carbonaceous residue from which the metal has been separated to the gasification furnace The gasifier for a carbonaceous resource according to any one of the above (8) to (10), comprising:
Consists of
[0010]
In the present invention, the carbonaceous resources refer to biomass, plastics, general waste garbage, etc., and specifically, agricultural biomass (straw, sugar cane, rice bran, vegetation, etc.), forestry biomass (papermaking waste, Sawn timber, thinned wood, firewood charcoal forest, etc.), livestock biomass (livestock waste), marine biomass (fish processing residue), waste biomass (raw garbage, RDF: solidified fuel; Refused Derived Fuel, garden tree) , Construction waste, sewage sludge), hard plastic, soft plastic, shredder dust, etc. In particular, wood refers to lumber, construction waste, wooden utility poles, wooden sleepers, etc. that have undergone a drying process and have relatively low water content (3 to 20% by mass). It is distinguished from trees. With respect to plastics, the bending elastic modulus is usually distinguished from a hard plastic in a steady state of 7000 kg / cm ² or more and a soft plastic from 700 kg / cm ² or less (a property between them is a semi-hard plastic). In the present invention, the crushing properties may not be determined only by the flexural modulus, and from practical experience, thermosetting plastics, styrene resins, propylene, acrylic resins, melting and fusing when crushing hard PVC resins, etc. Hard materials are hard plastics, and soft plastics such as polyethylene, soft vinyl chloride resin, urethane resin, and styrene foam, which are mainly meltable and are not suitable for crushing, are used. General waste is garbage other than the 19 types designated as industrial waste, and is household garbage collected on a municipal basis or business garbage containing a lot of papers from businesses. However, since the present invention relates to energy conversion of carbonaceous materials, those which hardly contain carbonaceous materials, that is, metals, glasses, and the like that are separated are not included.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows the basic process flow and the equipment configuration of the present invention according to the above (1), (8) and (9). Carbonaceous resources 1 are supplied to two places, a gasification furnace 2 and a pyrolysis furnace 3. In the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-294726, all of the waste is put into a pyrolysis furnace, and the residue after the reaction is gasified and melted. In the present invention, carbonaceous resources are distinguished mainly by their friability and shape, and are supplied in parallel for gasification and for pyrolysis. In the gasification furnace 2, the carbonaceous resource 1 is partially oxidized by oxygen 4 or oxygen 4 and water vapor 5 to generate a gasification gas 6. The ash in the carbonaceous resource 1 is melted in the gasifier 2 and discharged from the lower part of the gasifier 2 as slag 7. In the pyrolysis furnace 3, the carbonaceous resource 1 is separated into a pyrolysis gas / pyrolysis tar 8 and a pyrolysis residue 9 by pyrolysis, and the pyrolysis gas / pyrolysis tar 8 is a gasified gas generated in the gasification furnace 2. 6 is introduced into the reforming furnace 10 in which the gasification gas 6 is introduced, and is reformed by the steam 5 and / or the oxygen 4 together with the gasification gas 6. The pyrolysis residue 9 separates the metal 11 into a carbonaceous residue 12. The generated gas 13 generated in the reforming furnace 10 is purified by a gas purification facility 14 as needed, and becomes a purified gas 15.
[0012]
FIG. 2 shows a flow of the invention according to the above (2) and (5) and the flow of the invention according to the above (11), which shows a facility configuration for embodying the invention according to the above (2). The thermal decomposition residue 9 is composed of a metal 11 which is easy to use as a raw material in a reduced state and a carbonaceous residue 12 which is carbonized by thermal decomposition and has improved friability. The pyrolysis residue 9 is crushed by the pyrolysis residue crusher 16, the metal 11 is separated by the metal separation device 17, and the carbonaceous residue 12 is supplied to the gasification furnace 2 by the carbonaceous residue supply device 18 to be partially oxidized. The ash contained in the carbonaceous resource 1 is concentrated in the carbonaceous residue 12, but is in a so-called charcoal state, which is low in oxygen and hydrogen and high in carbon. is there. In FIG. 2, the metal separation device 17 is installed after the pyrolysis residue crusher 16 assuming a metal that is difficult to separate before pyrolysis, such as a nail or an electric wiring that has been driven in. If it is assumed that a metal such as nails or metal fittings which has already been separated from carbonaceous material is mixed, another crushing machine 16 is provided before the pyrolysis residue crusher 16 in order to reduce the crushing power of the pyrolysis residue crusher 16. A metal separation device may be installed. With respect to the heat for the thermal decomposition shown in (5), the oxidizing agent 21 is introduced from the lower part of the thermal decomposition furnace 3, and the carbonaceous resources 1 and the thermal decomposition residue 9 are partially burned to be a heat source. Direct heat exchange by self-combustion. Higher efficiency than indirect heating system in kilns and the like, and does not require additional fuel.
[0013]
From the viewpoint of the conversion of carbonaceous resources to gas, the high conversion rate of raw materials, the high thermal efficiency, the short reaction time, the compact equipment, and the high productivity based on it. Considering that, gasification in a gas bed is most advantageous and it is preferred to treat the entire amount in this way if possible. However, as seen in the case of general waste, it is technically possible to uniformly dry and finely pulverize carbonaceous resources of various shapes and properties for airflow, but it is economically feasible. Not a target. Accordingly, many of the current mainstream technologies use kilns or fluidized beds with large tolerances in shape and properties. In the present invention, as described in (7) above, carbonaceous resources, such as wood and hard plastic, which have good crushability and are easily processed to a size of several mm, are subjected to high-efficiency gasification directly in a gasification furnace. In addition, shredder dust, soft plastic, etc., which melt when exposed to heat and exhibit adhesiveness, and have high strength and toughness in the fiber direction, such as raw wood including thinned wood, Large differences in diameter cause storage / transportation troubles, shredder dusts that are not suitable for airflow due to the inclusion of metal (especially wiring), and large amounts of moisture such as general waste garbage In the case of aggregates of properties that are not suitable for uniform crushing, pyrolysis gas / pyrolysis tar and pyrolysis residue are separated in a pyrolysis furnace, and pyrolysis gas / pyrolysis tar is converted into raw fuel through a reforming process. Use, thermal decomposition, crushability etc. Good carbonaceous residue, metals over the separation, it may be used as it is as a carbon material, it was decided to use as a raw material in the gasification furnace and pulverized. Wood referred to in the invention (7) refers to trees that have undergone a drying step and are distinguished from raw trees. By selecting the optimal utilization method for each carbonaceous resource as described above, unnecessary heating and excessive oxidizing agents, which are problems of the prior art, are not required, and only energy for pure gas conversion is used. Only needs to be done.
[0014]
In the invention according to the above (3), the temperature range of the reaction section suitable for the thermal decomposition in the thermal decomposition furnace 3 is shown. FIG. 3 shows the internal state of the pyrolysis furnace 3. As the furnace type, a shaft type furnace used in a blast furnace in the steel industry was used. For the sake of explanation, FIG. 3 mainly shows the lower zone 19 and the upper zone 20 separately according to the difference in the reaction, but it is not clearly branched but conceptual, and in fact the reactions overlap. There are areas that are. The lower zone 19 is a zone mainly for combustion of the carbonaceous resource 1, and the upper zone 20 is a zone mainly for drying, heating and pyrolysis of the carbonaceous resource 1. The carbonaceous resource 1 is introduced into the upper part of the pyrolysis furnace 3 and gradually descends while being heated by the gas generated in the lower zone 19. In the lower zone 19, an oxidizing agent 21 is introduced, and a part of the carbonaceous resource 1 that has descended burns to generate heat. Oxygen or air is used as the oxidizing agent 21, but steam may be used in combination with the role of temperature control. The burned gas rises between the descending carbonaceous resources 1 and gives heat to the upper zone 20, and becomes a pyrolysis gas / pyrolysis tar 8 together with the gas and tar generated in the upper zone 20 to form the reforming furnace. Is discharged from the connection part 22 with the The reaction temperature of the lower zone 19 is 400 ° C. to 800 ° C. due to the occurrence of a combustion reaction, and the reaction temperature of the upper zone 20 is lowered by using the heat of the combustion gas for drying, heating, and pyrolysis. Since the temperature is 300 ° C to 500 ° C, the temperature of the thermal decomposition furnace 3 is 300 to 800 ° C. When the reaction temperature of the upper zone 20 is lower than 300 ° C., the thermal decomposition does not proceed very much, and the generated pyrolysis tar recondenses to cause troubles such as ventilation problems, which is not desirable as the operating temperature. Since the reaction temperature in the lower zone 19 is direct heating, the upper zone can be sufficiently heated up to 800 ° C. Temperatures exceeding 800 ° C. are not thermally necessary and increase the amount of heat radiation, resulting in a disadvantage that a large amount of the oxidizing agent 21 is required. As a result, it is necessary to change to a heat-resistant equipment configuration in which the calorific value of the pyrolysis gas decreases. It is not preferred for reasons such as. The remaining pyrolysis residue 9 obtained by partially burning the carbonaceous resource 1 in the lower zone 19 is discharged from the lower part of the lower zone 19.
[0015]
In the invention according to the above (4), the temperature range of the reaction section of the gasification furnace and the temperature range of the reaction section of the reforming furnace are shown. In gasification, a temperature of 1200 ° C. to 1600 ° C. is required in order to slag and melt the contained ash. For example, a typical example is a reaction zone temperature in the case of agricultural biomass which is an example of rice straw. Is about 1200 ° C. to 1400 ° C., 1300 ° C. to 1500 ° C. for plastic, and 1400 ° C. to 1600 ° C. for coal, depending on the gasification target. This is because the ash melt point of each substance is different, and the gasification furnace temperature is controlled by adjusting the amounts of oxygen 4 and steam 5 according to the raw materials used. At a temperature lower than 1200 ° C., even the agricultural biomass having a low melting point of the ash does not melt, but flows out as fly ash to the subsequent process, increases the load on the dust removal equipment of the gas purification equipment 14, and decreases the purity of the purified gas 15. Happens. If the temperature exceeds 1600 ° C, deterioration of thermal efficiency and increase of equipment cost are expected due to increase of heat radiation and change of the furnace wall structure (it is difficult to maintain the furnace wall for a long time with ordinary fireproof and heat-insulating materials). Absent.
[0016]
In the reforming furnace 10, the reforming temperature is secured by the temperature of the gasification gas 6 from the gasification furnace 2, and the steam in the gasification gas 6 and any one of oxygen 4 and steam 5 to be added additionally Thus, the pyrolysis gas / pyrolysis tar 8 is reformed. The temperature of the reforming furnace 10 is preferably from 900 ° C to 1200 ° C. If the temperature is lower than 900 ° C, tar that cannot be decomposed may cause adhesion trouble in the gas purification equipment 14 at the subsequent stage, or dioxin which may be generated may be decomposed. And remain in the subsequent process. On the other hand, if the temperature exceeds 1200 ° C., undesirably, the fusion and adhesion of the fly ash from the reforming furnace to the refining equipment 14 at the subsequent stage becomes remarkable. The temperature adjustment in the reforming furnace 10 is adjusted by the amount of oxygen 4 and the amount of steam 5. In the case where chlorine is clearly contained in the raw material, and particularly when it is desired to reduce the generation of dioxin to almost zero, it is preferable to operate at 1000 ° C. to 1200 ° C. in which the total amount can be decomposed in the temperature range of the reforming furnace 10. . In the reforming reaction, the sensible heat of the gasification gas 6 of the gasification furnace 2 is used. In the prior art, since the carbide after pyrolysis generates at most only about 10% by mass of the pyrolysis raw material, it is poor as a heat source for the reforming reaction. It is necessary to generate heat of combustion reaction. In the present invention, the input amount can be arbitrarily specified, and a minimum oxygen input is required (in the embodiment, the operation is performed with pyrolysis: gasification = 1: 1).
[0017]
In the invention according to (6), the operating pressures of the pyrolysis furnace 3, the gasification furnace 2, and the reforming furnace 10 were reduced. A suitable pressure range for the entire process described in the present invention is 0.5 MPa to 3.0 MPa.
[0018]
The basic effect of applying pressure is to improve productivity by increasing the reaction rate and to reduce heat loss (mainly heat dissipation) by making the equipment compact. Since the reaction rate rises in proportion to the approximately 0.5 power of the pressure ratio, the higher the reaction rate is, the better the pressure is up to several MPa. Although the heat loss is more advantageous as the pressure is higher, the equipment cost has a trade-off relationship in which the pressure becomes higher as the pressure becomes higher. Therefore, a pressure higher than 3 MPa where the actual equipment is small is not economically realistic.
[0019]
One of the primary uses of the purified gas 15 generated using the method and apparatus of the present invention is in power generation. Gas engine power generation has a low pressure, and a pressure range of 0.3 to 0.8 MPa is most efficient. As a high pressure type, a combined cycle power generation of a gas turbine and a steam turbine is typical, and a pressure range of 1.4 to 1.7 MPa is most efficient. Considering the pressure loss of heat exchange and gas purification, the operating pressure of the gasification furnace, pyrolysis furnace, and reforming furnace is 0.5 to 1.0 MPa (gas engine). ) It is preferable to set it to 2.4 to 3.0 MPa (combined cycle). Since the existing high-efficiency gasification power generation almost enters the above-mentioned pressure range, 0.5 to 3.0 MPa is set as an appropriate pressure range in the present invention.
[0020]
In the invention according to (10), the optimal arrangement of the gasification furnace 2 and the reforming furnace 10 has been described. Basically, it is an essential requirement that the sensible heat of the high temperature gasified gas 6 becomes the heat energy of the reforming. However, the heat loss is prevented most and the slagging trouble caused by the molten slag 7 generated in the gasification furnace 2 is prevented. Preferably, the reforming furnace 10 is connected immediately after the gasification furnace 2.
[0021]
【Example】
In the equipment shown in the present invention, a crushed construction waste wood product (average particle size several mm) and a hard plastic crushed product (hard PE, hard PP, ABS resin mixture; average particle size several mm) are put into a pyrolysis furnace in a gasifier. A test using a soft plastic and a shredder dust molded product (PE film / sheet, PP sheet, car shredder dust mixed product: particle size of 100 mm or less) was performed. Each furnace temperature was operated at a lower temperature zone of the pyrolysis furnace of 600 ° C., an upper zone temperature of 300 ° C., a gasification furnace temperature of 1300 ° C., a reforming furnace temperature of 1000 ° C. and 1100 ° C., and a pressure condition of 0.8 MPa.
[0022]
As a comparative example, a mixture of carbonaceous resources of the same components was crushed to a total of several mm and gasified at 1300 ° C. In this comparative example, only the gasification furnace portion of the apparatus of the present invention was used.
[0023]
Table 1 shows an efficiency comparison with the comparative example. As a comparative numerical value, a heat recovery rate (the amount of heat recovered as a purified gas with respect to the total calorific value of the used carbonaceous resources) was used. Despite the use of the same raw materials, the calorie recovery rate was 65% in Comparative Example, 72% in Inventive Example 1 in which the reforming furnace temperature was 1100 ° C., and the present invention in which the reforming furnace temperature was 1000 ° C. It is 78% in Example 2, and it can be said that the process is very efficient. In the test results of the comparative example using only the gasification furnace part, the efficiency deteriorates despite the small number of processes mainly due to (1) raising the temperature of the whole to 1300 ° C., and (2) water content. Low-calorie ingredients that are often mixed with high-calorie ingredients. Regarding (1), a temperature of 1300 ° C. is required to melt the ash in the raw material and discharge it as slag. In Comparative Examples, all gases are discharged at this temperature. Since the gas temperature is 1000 ° C. or 1100 ° C., it can be explained that the difference in sensible heat is converted to latent heat. Among the present invention, the temperature is higher in the present invention example 2 in which the reforming furnace temperature is lowered. Regarding (2), the comparative example raises the temperature to 1300 ° C. together with a large amount of water, so that the required amount of oxygen per unit weight is increased as compared with the example of the present invention, and the oxygen / carbonaceous raw material ratio is increased. It can be explained that the amount of latent heat recovered has been reduced due to the necessity of high-cost operations.
[0024]
[Table 1]

[0025]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to efficiently convert carbonaceous resources to gas energy by combining a pyrolysis furnace, a gasification furnace, and a reforming furnace and giving different energy conversion methods according to the properties of various carbonaceous resources. And
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows the basic equipment configuration (process flow) of the present invention.
[Fig. 2] Process flow of using carbonaceous resources using pyrolysis residue [Fig. 3] Internal state of pyrolysis furnace [Explanation of symbols]
1: Carbonaceous resource 2: Gasification furnace 3: Pyrolysis furnace 4: Oxygen 5: Steam 6: Gasification gas 7: Slag 8: Pyrolysis gas / pyrolysis tar 9: Pyrolysis residue 10: Reforming furnace 11: Metal 12: Carbonaceous residue 13: Product gas 14: Gas purification equipment 15: Purified gas 16: Pyrolysis residue crusher 17: Metal separation unit 18: Carbonaceous residue supply unit 19: Lower zone 20: Upper zone 21: Oxidizing agent 22: Connection part

Claims (11)

Thermal decomposition of carbonaceous resources, generating pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis tar, partial oxidation of carbonaceous resources with oxygen, or oxygen and steam to generate gasified gas, the pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis tar, And a method for gasifying carbonaceous resources, comprising introducing one or both of oxygen and steam into the gasified gas to reform the pyrolyzed gas and pyrolyzed tar. The carbonaceous material according to claim 1, wherein the carbonaceous residue obtained by separating a metal from a pyrolysis residue generated by pyrolyzing the carbonaceous resource is partially oxidized with oxygen or oxygen and water vapor together with the carbonaceous resource. How to gasify resources. The method for gasifying carbonaceous resources according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the carbonaceous resources are thermally decomposed, the temperature of the reaction section is set to 300 ° C to 800 ° C using a shaft furnace. When partially oxidizing the carbonaceous residue obtained by separating the metal from the pyrolysis residue generated by pyrolyzing the carbonaceous resource together with the carbonaceous resource, the temperature of the reaction section is set to 1200 ° C. to 1600 ° C. The method for gasifying carbonaceous resources according to claim 2, wherein the temperature of the reaction section is set to 900 ° C. to 1200 ° C. when reforming the cracked tar. The method for gasifying carbonaceous resources according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein heat required for the thermal decomposition is provided by combustion heat of the pyrolyzed carbonaceous resources themselves. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the pyrolysis and partial oxidation of the carbonaceous resource, and the reforming of the pyrolysis gas and the pyrolysis tar are performed at a pressure of 0.5 MPa to 3.0 MPa. The gasification method of the carbonaceous resource described in the above. As a carbonaceous resource, one or more of shredder dust, soft plastic, raw wood, and general waste are thermally decomposed, and further, one or both of wood and hard plastic are partially oxidized. Item 7. The method for gasifying carbonaceous resources according to any one of Items 1 to 6. A shaft type pyrolysis furnace that pyrolyzes carbonaceous resources, and a carbonaceous residue obtained by separating metals from pyrolysis residues generated by pyrolyzing carbonaceous resources is partially oxidized with oxygen or oxygen and steam together with carbonaceous resources. Gasification furnace, pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis tar generated in the pyrolysis shaft furnace, gasification gas generated in the gasification furnace, and oxygen, either or both of the steam to introduce the pyrolysis gas and An apparatus for gasifying carbonaceous resources, comprising a reforming furnace for reforming pyrolysis tar. 9. The gasifier for carbonaceous resources according to claim 8, further comprising a gas purifier for processing the product gas reformed in the reforming furnace. 10. The gasifier for carbonaceous resources according to claim 8, wherein the gasification furnace and the reforming furnace are connected. A crusher for crushing the pyrolysis residue generated in the pyrolysis furnace, a device for separating metal from the pyrolysis residue, and a supply device for supplying a carbonaceous residue from which the metal is separated to the gasification furnace The gasifier for carbonaceous resources according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that:

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