JP3914474B2 - Gasification method and apparatus for carbonaceous resources - Google Patents

Description

【００２５】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、熱分解炉、ガス化炉、改質炉を組み合わせ、種々の炭素質資源の性状別に、違うエネルギー転換方法を与えることで、高効率な炭素質資源のガスエネルギーへの転換を可能とする。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 本発明の基本的設備構成（プロセスフロー）
【図２】 熱分解残渣を利用した炭素質資源利用プロセスフロー
【図３】 熱分解炉内部状況
【符号の説明】
１：炭素質資源
２：ガス化炉
３：熱分解炉
４：酸素
５：水蒸気
６：ガス化ガス
７：スラグ
８：熱分解ガス・熱分解タール
９：熱分解残渣
１０：改質炉
１１：金属
１２：炭素質残渣
１３：生成ガス
１４：ガス精製設備
１５：精製ガス
１６：熱分解残渣破砕機
１７：金属分離装置
１８：炭素質残渣供給装置
１９：下部ゾーン
２０：上部ゾーン
２１：酸化剤
２２：接続部[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a technique for efficiently converting various carbonaceous resources into raw fuel gas.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, the concept of 3R (reduce, reduce, reuse) has been recognized as a common concept, with the support of policies. The so-called waste such as products after use or after breakdown / destruction and by-products at the time of product production is mainly incinerated or landfilled. Doing this will be one answer to the response to the global warming issue. However, wastes have various properties, many of them have low energy density, and the burden of gas purification after processing is large. There are few processes that can be economically independent on a scale.
[0003]
Most of the waste contains carbon, and although the calorific value is generally low, it can be regarded as an energy resource that is not different from coal, oil, natural gas, and the like.
[0004]
Waste disposal is generally performed by a waste incineration power generation system that collects steam power generation in combination with municipal waste incineration from municipalities and collects it as electric power. Some incinerators have improved power transmission efficiency to nearly 30% through improvements, raw material adjustments (RDF conversion), and efficiency improvements using external fuel (super garbage power generation). However, these require pre-treatment of waste, boiler material, and external fuel introduction, are special solutions in terms of cost and application, and are not generalized.
[0005]
As a treatment method where the adoption of actual machines in the local government is increasing due to tightness of final disposal sites and dioxin regulations, ash is melted and slag by gasifying and melting at high temperature, aiming at volume reduction / detoxification treatment of ash and reduction of dioxin There is a so-called waste gasification and melting technology that takes electricity to power generation. There are many types of this technology. (1) Direct melting type (using a shaft furnace, etc., thermal decomposition, gasification, combustion / melting is performed in the reactor in the previous stage, and combustion is performed in the subsequent stage to recover energy in the boiler and steam turbine. (2) Pyrolysis + combustion / melting type (gas, tar and char generated by low-temperature pyrolysis are burned at high temperature with sufficient air, and energy is recovered with a boiler and steam turbine.), (3) Pyrolysis + gasification type (gas generated by low temperature pyrolysis, char is gasified at high temperature to generate combustible gas, gas turbine, power generation by gas engine or use gas as chemical raw material) It is done. In the combustion-steam power generation methods (1) and (2), there is a limit in power generation efficiency because there are restrictions on the steam conditions to be recovered due to corrosion caused by chlorine contained in the waste. In the power generation using the clean-up gas (3), it is generally highly possible that the power generation efficiency can be improved. For example, in the case of coal-based power generation, power transmission is higher in combined power generation (IGCC) that combines a gas turbine and a steam turbine than the power transmission efficiency (38-39% in a USC type, 39-41% in a combustion boiler). Edge efficiency is obtained (43-44% for normal type, 46-48% for high-temperature gas turbine). In addition, next-generation technology that combines gasification with fuel cells has the advantage that it can be expected to expand to a high-efficiency energy conversion method, such as a power transmission end efficiency exceeding 50%. It is expected that technology centered on the development will be further expanded.
[0006]
The present invention is directed to high-efficiency energy conversion of carbonaceous raw materials including waste and mainly belongs to the technical category (3). Looking at the waste utilization field using gasification, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-81885 discloses a combination of a low-temperature fluidized bed gasification furnace and a high-temperature melt gasification furnace. And a method and apparatus for producing raw fuel gas by gasifying waste and combining an internal circulation fluidized bed furnace and a high-temperature gasification furnace. JP-A-11-294726 proposes a method and an apparatus for producing a combustible gas by thermally decomposing waste and reforming pyrolysis tar with a partial oxidation gas of pyrolysis char. There are few actual machines in operation that belong to pyrolysis + gasification in (3). As an actual machine, an external heat type rotary kiln is used as a low-temperature pyrolysis technique, and the generated pyrolysis gas and tar are reformed at high temperature with air, and 1000 kcal / Nm.^ThreePyrolysis gas, tar, and pyrolysis generated in a pusher-type external thermal cracking furnace as a process for generating a low-calorie gas of a certain level and generating this with a gas engine, or as a low-temperature pyrolysis technology The residue is gasified and modified with oxygen, 2000 kcal / Nm^ThreeThere is a process to get medium calorie gas. When these technologies are intended for power generation, the power transmission end efficiency is 7 to 12%, and the thermal efficiency is not high.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the prior art centering on the gasification of the waste, there are several factors that hinder the efficiency improvement. In the techniques disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 10-81885 and 10-310783, a fluidized bed method is used for thermal decomposition (low temperature gasification). In a fluidized bed, a fluidized gas is required to maintain a suitable fluidized bed state, and generally air, oxygen, water vapor, or the like is used. Most of these gases do not participate in the reaction, and the structural efficiency is such that unnecessary heating (increased amount of required oxygen) in the high-temperature gasification furnace, efficiency loss at the time of heat recovery, etc. occur, resulting in low efficiency. Have a challenge. Currently, the rotary kiln and pusher type processes that are in operation are basically incapable of pressurization from the viewpoint of gas sealability, and the low-temperature pyrolysis furnace is an external heating type, making it difficult to make equipment compact. In addition, the power generation requires a product gas compression step, and the process heat efficiency is low.
[0008]
An object of the present invention is to enable highly efficient conversion of carbonaceous resources to gas energy.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  The present invention is an effective method for solving the above problems,
(1)Includes wasteCarbonaceous resourcesIn a shaft-type furnacePyrolyzing to produce pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis tar,In addition, carbonaceous resources including waste or crushed or crushed wasteCarbonaceous resources, Put into the airflow layer by airflow conveyance,Oxygen or oxygen and water vaporIn the air current layerPartially oxidized to generate gasified gas, oxygen or water vapor is introduced into the pyrolysis gas, the pyrolysis tar, and the gasification gas to modify the pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis tar. Gasification method of carbonaceous resources, characterized by
(2)The carbonaceous resource containing waste or the carbonaceous resource containing crushed or crushed waste to be introduced into the airstream layer by the airflow conveyance is either wood or hard plastic, or both (1) Gasification method of the described carbonaceous resources,
(3)One or more carbonaceous resources of shredder dust, soft plastic, raw wood, and general waste are pyrolyzed in a shaft-type furnace to produce pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis tar, and wood, hard Either or both of the plastic carbonaceous resources are introduced into the airflow layer by airflow conveyance, and partially oxidized in the airflow layer with oxygen or oxygen and water vapor to generate gasified gas. A gasification method for carbonaceous resources, characterized by reforming the pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis tar by introducing either or both of oxygen and water vapor into the gas and the gasification gas,
(4)SaidA carbonaceous residue obtained by separating metal from a pyrolysis residue generated by pyrolyzing carbonaceous resources,Either carbonaceous resources including waste, carbonaceous resources including pulverized or crushed waste, or either wood or hard plastic, or both of which are thrown into the airflow layer by the airflow conveyanceAlong with carbonaceous resources,Oxygen or oxygen and water vaporIn the air current layerSaid (1) characterized by carrying out partial oxidationAny one of-(3)A gasification method for carbonaceous resources according to claim 1,
(5)SaidWhen pyrolyzing carbonaceous resources, the reaction temperature is set to 300 ° C. to 800 ° C. using a shaft-type furnace.In any one of (1) to (4)Gasification method of the described carbonaceous resources,
(6)SaidA carbonaceous residue obtained by separating metal from a pyrolysis residue generated by pyrolyzing carbonaceous resources,Either carbonaceous resources including waste, carbonaceous resources including pulverized or crushed waste, or either wood or hard plastic, or both of which are thrown into the airflow layer by the airflow conveyanceAlong with carbonaceous resourcesIn the airflow layerThe reaction section temperature is set to 1200 ° C. to 1600 ° C. during partial oxidation, and the reaction section temperature is set to 900 ° C. to 1200 ° C. when reforming the pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis tar.4Or (5) Gasification method for carbonaceous resources
(7) The heat required for the pyrolysis is provided by the combustion heat of the carbonaceous resource itself to be pyrolyzed (1) to (1)6) Gasification method for carbonaceous resources according to any one of
(8) The above (1) to (1), wherein the pyrolysis and partial oxidation of carbonaceous resources and the reforming of pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis tar are performed at a pressure of 0.5 MPa to 3.0 MPa.7) Gasification method for carbonaceous resources according to any one of
(9)Includes wasteA shaft-type pyrolysis furnace that pyrolyzes carbonaceous resources;TheCarbonaceous residue obtained by separating metal from pyrolysis residue generated by pyrolyzing carbonaceous resources, Including carbonaceous resources including waste or crushed or crushed wasteAlong with carbonaceous resources, Put into the airflow layer by airflow conveyance,Partial gasification with oxygen or oxygen and water vaporAirflow layerGasification furnace, pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis tar generated in the pyrolysis furnace, gasification generated in the gasification furnacegas,And a reforming furnace for reforming the pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis tar by introducing either or both of oxygen and steamWhenThe, YesA gasifier for carbonaceous resources, characterized by
(10) The gas purification apparatus according to (10), further comprising a gas purification device that processes the product gas reformed in the reforming furnace.9) Gasification equipment for carbonaceous resources,
(11) The gasification furnace and the reforming furnace are connected to each other.9Or (10) Gasifier for carbonaceous resources,
(12) A crusher that crushes the pyrolysis residue generated in the pyrolysis furnace, a device that separates the metal from the pyrolysis residue, and a supply device that supplies the carbonaceous residue from which the metal has been separated to the gasification furnace Characterized by having (9) ~ (11) A gasification apparatus for carbonaceous resources according to any one of
Consists of.
[0010]
In addition, the carbonaceous resource in the present invention refers to biomass, plastics, general waste garbage, and the like, specifically, agricultural biomass (straw, sugarcane, rice bran, vegetation, etc.), forestry biomass (paper waste, Saw-timber waste, thinned wood, wood-fired forest, etc.), livestock biomass (livestock waste), aquaculture biomass (fishery processing residue), waste biomass (raw garbage, RDF: solid waste fuel; Refuse Derived Fuel, garden tree , Construction waste, sewage sludge), hard plastic, soft plastic, shredder dust, etc. For wood in particular, sawn lumber, construction waste, wooden utility poles, wooden sleepers, etc., which have undergone a drying process once (3-20% by mass) and are represented by plants and thinned wood Differentiated from trees. For plastics, the normal flexural modulus is 7000 kg / cm in a steady state.²The above is hard plastic, 700kg / cm²The following are distinguished from soft plastics (the properties in between are considered to be semi-rigid plastics). In the present invention, the crushing characteristics may not be determined only by the flexural modulus. From experience, it shows melting and fusion during crushing of thermosetting plastic, styrene resin, propylene, acrylic resin, hard PVC resin, etc. Hard plastic is used as hard plastic, and soft plastic such as polyethylene, soft vinyl chloride resin, urethane resin, polystyrene foam, etc. that is mainly meltable and is not suitable for crushing. General waste is garbage other than the 19 types designated as industrial waste. It is business waste that contains a lot of household waste collected by local governments and papers from businesses. However, since the present invention relates to carbonaceous energy conversion, those that contain almost no carbonaceous matter, that is, fractionated metals, glasses, etc. are not covered.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  (1), (9)as well as(101) shows the basic process flow and equipment configuration of the present invention. The carbonaceous resource 1 is supplied to two places, a gasification furnace 2 and a pyrolysis furnace 3. In the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-294726, the entire amount of waste is put into a pyrolysis furnace, and the residue after reaction is gasified and melted. In the present invention, carbonaceous resources are distinguished mainly by crushability and shape, and supplied in parallel for gasification and pyrolysis. In the gasification furnace 2, the carbonaceous resource 1 is partially oxidized with oxygen 4 or oxygen 4 and water vapor 5 to generate gasified gas 6. The ash content in the carbonaceous resource 1 is melted in the gasification furnace 2 and discharged from the lower part of the gasification furnace 2 as slag 7. In the pyrolysis furnace 3, the carbonaceous resource 1 is divided into pyrolysis gas / pyrolysis tar 8 and pyrolysis residue 9 by pyrolysis, and the pyrolysis gas / pyrolysis tar 8 is gasified gas generated in the gasification furnace 2. 6 is introduced into the reforming furnace 10 and is reformed together with the gasification gas 6 by either or both of the steam 5 and the oxygen 4. The pyrolysis residue 9 separates the metal 11 and becomes a carbonaceous residue 12. The product gas 13 generated in the reforming furnace 10 is purified by a gas purification facility 14 as necessary to become a purified gas 15.
[0012]
  Said (4)as well as(7) And the above (4) Which shows the equipment configuration embodying the invention according to12FIG. 2 shows a flow of the invention according to (). The fact that the pyrolysis residue 9 is composed of a metal 11 that is easy to use as a raw material in a reduced state and a carbonaceous residue 12 that is carbonized and improved in friability by pyrolysis is utilized. The pyrolysis residue 9 is crushed by the pyrolysis residue crusher 16, the metal 11 is separated by the metal separation device 17, and the carbonaceous residue 12 is supplied to the gasification furnace 2 by the carbonaceous residue supply device 18 to be partially oxidized. The carbonaceous residue 12 is enriched in ash contained in the carbonaceous resource 1, but is in a so-called charcoal state with little oxygen and hydrogen and a lot of carbon, and is an excellent carbonaceous material as a gasification raw material. is there. In FIG. 2, the metal separation device 17 is installed after the pyrolysis residue crusher 16 on the assumption of metals that are difficult to separate before pyrolysis, such as driven nails and electrical wiring. In order to reduce the crushing power of the pyrolysis residue crusher 16, when another metal such as a nail or metal fitting is already mixed with the carbonaceous material, it is necessary to put another in front of the pyrolysis residue crusher 16. A metal separator may be installed. (7With regard to the heat for pyrolysis shown in (), an oxidant 21 is introduced from the lower part of the pyrolysis furnace 3, and the carbonaceous resources 1 and the pyrolysis residue 9 are partially burned to form a heat source. Direct heat exchange by self-combustion is more efficient than indirect heating methods in kilns and does not require additional fuel.
[0013]
  From the viewpoint of conversion of carbonaceous resources to gas, the high conversion rate of raw materials, high thermal efficiency, compact equipment due to short reaction time, and high productivity based on it. When considered, gasification in the gas flow layer is most advantageous, and it is preferable to treat the entire amount in this way if possible. However, as seen in the case of general waste garbage, it is technically possible to uniformly dry and pulverize carbonaceous resources with various shapes and properties for airflow transportation, but it is economically practical. Not right. Therefore, many current mainstream technologies use kilns or fluidized beds that have a large tolerance for shape and properties. In the present invention, the above (3However, carbonaceous resources, such as wood and hard plastic, which have good crushability and are easy to be processed into several millimeters, are directly gasified in a gasification furnace, and shredder dust and soft plastic. Such as those that melt when exposed to heat and exhibit adhesiveness, and that have high strength and toughness in the fiber direction, such as raw wood that includes thinned wood, etc.・ Things that cause transportation troubles, and that are not suitable for airflow transportation because they contain metal (especially wiring), such as shredder dust, and are a collection of miscellaneous properties with a lot of moisture such as general waste garbage. For those that are not suitable for crushing, the pyrolysis gas / pyrolysis tar and pyrolysis residue are separated in a pyrolysis furnace, and the pyrolysis gas / pyrolysis tar is used as a raw fuel after the reforming process. The carbonaceous residue improved Metal over the separation, it may be used as it is as a carbon material, it was decided to use as a raw material in the gasification furnace and pulverized. Said (3In the invention of), wood refers to trees that have undergone a drying process, and is distinguished from raw wood. By selecting the optimal utilization method for each carbonaceous resource as described above, unnecessary heating and excess oxidant, which are the problems of the conventional technology, are no longer necessary, and only the energy used for pure gas conversion is used. Just do it.
[0014]
  Said (5In the invention according to), the reaction part temperature range suitable for the thermal decomposition in the thermal decomposition furnace 3 is shown. FIG. 3 shows the internal state of the pyrolysis furnace 3. The type of furnace used was a shaft type furnace used in the blast furnace of the steel industry. For convenience of explanation, FIG. 3 mainly shows the lower zone 19 and the upper zone 20 according to the difference in the reaction, but it is not clearly branched and is conceptual, and the reactions actually overlap. There is an area. The lower zone 19 is a zone mainly composed of combustion of the carbonaceous resource 1, and the upper zone 20 is a zone mainly composed of drying, heating and pyrolysis of the carbonaceous resource 1. The carbonaceous resource 1 is put into the upper part of the pyrolysis furnace 3 and gradually descends while being warmed by the gas generated in the lower zone 19. In the lower zone 19, an oxidant 21 is introduced, and a part of the descending carbonaceous resource 1 burns to generate heat. Oxygen or air is used for the oxidant 21, but steam may be used in combination with the role of temperature adjustment. The combusted gas rises between the descending carbonaceous resources 1 to give heat to the upper zone 20, and becomes a pyrolysis gas / pyrolysis tar 8 together with the gas and tar generated in the upper zone 20. It is discharged from the connection part 22. The reaction temperature of the lower zone 19 is 400 ° C. to 800 ° C. because the combustion reaction occurs, and the reaction temperature of the upper zone 20 is decreased by using the heat of the combustion gas for drying, temperature rising and thermal decomposition, Since it is 300 to 500 degreeC, the temperature of the pyrolysis furnace 3 will be 300 to 800 degreeC. When the reaction temperature in the upper zone 20 is less than 300 ° C., the thermal decomposition does not proceed so much, and the generated thermal decomposition tar recondenses and causes troubles such as aeration failure. Since the reaction temperature of the lower zone 19 is direct heating, the upper zone can be sufficiently heated up to 800 ° C. A temperature exceeding 800 ° C. is not necessary thermally, and since the amount of heat release increases, there is a demerit that a large amount of oxidant 21 is required, and as a result, it is necessary to change to a heat-resistant equipment configuration that reduces the amount of heat of pyrolysis gas. It is not preferable for such reasons. The remaining pyrolysis residue 9 from which the carbonaceous resource 1 has partially combusted in the lower zone 19 is discharged from the lower portion of the lower zone 19.
[0015]
  Said (6In the invention according to), the reaction part temperature range of the gasification furnace and the reaction part temperature range of the reforming furnace are shown. In gasification, a temperature of 1200 ° C. to 1600 ° C. is necessary to slag the contained ash to melt it. For example, in the case of agricultural biomass, an example of rice straw is the reaction part temperature. Is about 1200 ° C to 1400 ° C, 1300 ° C to 1500 ° C for plastic, and 1400 ° C to 1600 ° C for coal, depending on the gasification target. This is because the ash melting point of each substance is different, and the gasifier temperature control is performed by adjusting the amounts of oxygen 4 and water vapor 5 according to the raw materials used. At temperatures below 1200 ° C., even agricultural biomass with a low ash pour point does not melt and flows out as fly ash to the subsequent process, increasing the dust removal equipment load of the gas purification equipment 14 and reducing the purity of the refined gas 15 Happens. At temperatures exceeding 1600 ° C, heat efficiency is increased and equipment costs are expected to increase due to increased heat dissipation and changes in the furnace wall structure (maintenance of furnace walls for a long time is difficult with normal fireproof and heat insulating materials). Absent.
[0016]
In the reforming furnace 10, the reforming temperature is secured by the temperature of the gasification gas 6 from the gasification furnace 2, and any one of water vapor in the gasification gas 6, oxygen 4 to be added additionally, and water vapor 5 is added. Thus, the pyrolysis gas / pyrolysis tar 8 is reformed. The temperature of the reforming furnace 10 is suitably 900 ° C. to 1200 ° C. When the temperature is less than 900 ° C., tar that cannot be decomposed may cause adhesion troubles in the gas purification equipment 14 at the later stage, or dioxins that may be generated are decomposed. Without remaining until the subsequent step. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1200 ° C., fusion / adhesion to the subsequent purification equipment 14 from the fly ash from the reforming furnace becomes remarkable. The temperature adjustment in the reforming furnace 10 is adjusted by the amount of oxygen 4 and the amount of water vapor 5. It is desirable to operate at 1000 ° C. to 1200 ° C. where almost all of the raw material can be decomposed within the temperature range of the reforming furnace 10 when chlorine is clearly contained in the raw material, and particularly when it is desired to reduce the production of dioxin to almost zero. . Further, the sensible heat of the gasification gas 6 of the gasification furnace 2 is used for the reforming reaction. In the prior art, at most, the carbide after pyrolysis produces only about 10% by mass of the pyrolysis raw material, so it is a poor heat source for the reforming reaction, and a large amount of oxygen is charged into the reforming furnace 10. It is necessary to generate heat of combustion reaction. In the present invention, the input amount can be arbitrarily defined, and a minimum amount of oxygen can be input (in the embodiment, operation with pyrolysis: gasification = 1: 1).
[0017]
  Said (8), The operating pressure of the pyrolysis furnace 3, the gasification furnace 2, and the reforming furnace 10 was increased. The pressure range suitable for the whole process shown in the present invention is 0.5 MPa to 3.0 MPa.
[0018]
The basic effect of applying pressure is to improve productivity by increasing the reaction rate and to reduce heat loss (mainly dissipated heat) by making equipment compact. Since the reaction rate rises in proportion to the approximate power of 0.5, the higher the reaction rate, the higher the pressure up to several MPa where the product change due to pressure is small. Although the heat loss is more advantageous as the pressure is higher, the equipment cost becomes higher as the pressure is higher. Therefore, a pressure higher than 3 MPa, which has less actual equipment, is not economically practical.
[0019]
One of the main uses of the purified gas 15 generated using the method and apparatus of the present invention is power generation. Gas engine power generation is one with a low pressure, and the pressure range of 0.3 to 0.8 MPa is the most efficient. Moreover, as a thing with a high pressure, the combined cycle power generation of a gas turbine-steam turbine is typical, and the pressure range of 1.4-1.7 MPa is the most efficient. When considering use in these power generation facilities, the operating pressure of the gasification furnace, pyrolysis furnace, and reforming furnace is 0.5 to 1.0 MPa (gas engine) in consideration of pressure loss such as heat exchange and gas purification. ) 2.4 to 3.0 MPa (combined cycle) is preferable. Since existing high-efficiency gasification power generation almost falls within the above pressure range, 0.5 to 3.0 MPa was set as an appropriate pressure range in the present invention.
[0020]
  Said (11), The optimal arrangement of the gasification furnace 2 and the reforming furnace 10 is shown. Basically, it is an essential requirement that the sensible heat of the high-temperature gasified gas 6 becomes the heat energy for reforming, but the most heat loss is prevented, and the slagging trouble caused by the molten slag 7 generated in the gasification furnace 2 is prevented. For this, it is desirable that the reforming furnace 10 is connected immediately after the gasification furnace 2.
[0021]
【Example】
In the equipment shown in the present invention, a construction waste wood crushed product (average particle size of several millimeters) and a hard plastic crushed product (hard PE, hard PP, ABS resin mixed; average particle size of several millimeters) are put in a pyrolysis furnace. A test using a soft plastic and a shredder dust molded product (PE film / sheet, PP sheet, car shredder dust mixed product: particle size of 100 mm or less) was performed. Each furnace temperature was operated under a pyrolysis furnace lower zone temperature of 600 ° C, an upper zone temperature of 300 ° C, a gasifier temperature of 1300 ° C, a reforming furnace temperature of 1000 ° C and 1100 ° C, and a pressure condition of 0.8 MPa.
[0022]
As a comparative example, a mixture of carbonaceous resources of the same component was crushed to a total amount of several mm and gasified at 1300 ° C. In this comparative example, only the gasifier portion of the apparatus of the present invention was used.
[0023]
Table 1 shows the efficiency comparison with the comparative example. As a comparative numerical value, the heat recovery rate (the amount of heat recovered as purified gas with respect to the total calorific value of the carbonaceous resources used) was used. In spite of using the same raw material, the heat recovery rate is 72% in the present invention example 1 in which the reforming furnace temperature is 1100 ° C. and the reforming furnace temperature is 1000 ° C., compared to 65% in the comparative example. It is 78% in Example 2, and it can be said that this is a process with very high conversion efficiency. In the test results using only the gasification furnace part of the comparative example, the efficiency deteriorates despite the small number of processes. (1) The whole amount is heated to 1300 ° C., and (2) moisture. It is based on mixing low-calorie raw materials with a lot of high-calorie raw materials. Regarding (1), in order to melt the ash content in the raw material and discharge it as slag, a temperature of 1300 ° C. is necessary. In the comparative example, all the gases are discharged at this temperature. Since the gas temperature is 1000 ° C. or 1100 ° C., it can be explained that the difference in sensible heat is converted to latent heat. Among the present inventions, the present invention example 2 in which the reforming furnace temperature is lowered is even higher. Regarding (2), since the temperature of the comparative example is increased to 1300 ° C. together with a large amount of moisture, the required amount of oxygen per unit weight is increased compared to the example of the present invention, and the oxygen / carbonaceous raw material ratio Therefore, it can be explained that the amount of latent heat recovery has been reduced.
[0024]
[Table 1]

[0025]
【The invention's effect】
By combining a pyrolysis furnace, gasification furnace, and reforming furnace according to the present invention, and providing different energy conversion methods according to the properties of various carbonaceous resources, it is possible to convert highly efficient carbonaceous resources to gas energy. And
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 Basic equipment configuration (process flow) of the present invention
[Fig.2] Carbonaceous resource utilization process flow using pyrolysis residue
[Fig.3] Inside the pyrolysis furnace
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Carbonaceous resources
2: Gasification furnace
3: Pyrolysis furnace
4: Oxygen
5: Water vapor
6: Gasification gas
7: Slag
8: Pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis tar
9: Thermal decomposition residue
10: Reforming furnace
11: Metal
12: Carbonaceous residue
13: Generated gas
14: Gas purification equipment
15: Purified gas
16: Pyrolysis residue crusher
17: Metal separator
18: Carbonaceous residue supply device
19: Lower zone
20: Upper zone
21: Oxidizing agent
22: Connection part

Claims (12)

Carbonaceous resources including waste are pyrolyzed in a shaft type furnace to generate pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis tar, and further, carbonaceous resources including waste or carbonaceous resources including pulverized or crushed waste and poured into a stream layer in pneumatic conveying, oxygen, or in oxygen and water vapor is generated by partial oxidation of the gasification gas in the gas flow layer, pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis tars, and the gasification gas, A method for gasifying a carbonaceous resource, comprising introducing either or both of oxygen and steam to reform the pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis tar. 2. The carbonaceous resource containing waste or the carbonaceous resource containing crushed or crushed waste to be introduced into the airstream layer by the airflow conveyance is either wood or hard plastic, or both. The gasification method of the carbonaceous resource as described . One or more carbonaceous resources of shredder dust, soft plastic, raw wood, and general waste are pyrolyzed in a shaft-type furnace to produce pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis tar, and wood, hard Either or both of the plastic carbonaceous resources are introduced into the airflow layer by airflow conveyance, and partially oxidized in the airflow layer with oxygen or oxygen and water vapor to generate gasified gas, and the pyrolysis gas, the heat A method for gasifying a carbonaceous resource, comprising reforming the pyrolysis gas and the pyrolysis tar by introducing either or both of oxygen and water vapor into the cracking tar and the gasification gas. The carbonaceous residue separating the metal the carbonaceous resources from the pyrolysis residue produced by pyrolysis, put into the stream layer in the pneumatic conveying, including carbonaceous resources or ground or crushed wastes including waste carbonaceous resources, or the wood, with either or both of the carbonaceous resources hard plastic, oxygen, or any at oxygen and water vapor according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the partial oxidation in the air flow layer The method for gasifying carbonaceous resources according to item 1 . The carbonaceous material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein when the carbonaceous resource is pyrolyzed, a reaction temperature is set to 300 ° C to 800 ° C using a shaft type furnace. Gasification method for resources. The carbonaceous residue separating the metal the carbonaceous resources from the pyrolysis residue produced by pyrolysis, put into the stream layer in the pneumatic conveying, including carbonaceous resources or ground or crushed wastes including waste When partial oxidation is performed in the airflow layer together with carbonaceous resources, or the carbonaceous resources of either wood or hard plastic, or both , the reaction temperature is set to 1200 ° C to 1600 ° C, and further, pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis tar The method for gasifying a carbonaceous resource according to claim 4 or 5 , wherein the temperature of the reaction section is set to 900 ° C to 1200 ° C when reforming. The method for gasifying a carbonaceous resource according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the heat necessary for the pyrolysis is provided by combustion heat of the carbonaceous resource itself to be pyrolyzed. Pyrolysis and partial oxidation of the carbonaceous resources, as well as the modification of the pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis tars, claim 1-7, characterized in that at a pressure of 0.5MPa～3.0MPa 1 The gasification method of the carbonaceous resource as described in the item. Waste and pyrolysis shaft type pyrolysis furnace a carbonaceous resources including, a carbonaceous residue separating the metal the carbonaceous resources from the pyrolysis residue produced by pyrolysis, a carbonaceous resources including waste or Along with carbonaceous resources including pulverized or crushed waste, an airflow gasification furnace that is charged into the airstream layer by airflow conveyance and partially oxidized with oxygen and water vapor, and a pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis generated in the pyrolysis shaft furnace tar, gasification gas generated in the gasification furnace, and oxygen, and a reforming furnace by introducing either or both of the steam reforming the thermal decomposed gas and pyrolysis tars, and having Gasification equipment for carbonaceous resources. The gasification apparatus for carbonaceous resources according to claim 9 , further comprising a gas purification apparatus that processes the product gas reformed in the reforming furnace. The gasification apparatus for carbonaceous resources according to claim 9 or 10 , wherein the gasification furnace and the reforming furnace are connected to each other. A crusher for crushing the pyrolysis residue generated in the pyrolysis furnace, a device for separating the metal from the pyrolysis residue, and a supply device for supplying the carbonaceous residue from which the metal has been separated to the gasification furnace The gasification apparatus for carbonaceous resources according to any one of claims 9 to 11 .

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