JP4267968B2 - Biomass processing method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention carbonizes wood chips such as thinned wood, driftwood, pruned wood, construction waste, grassy material such as weeds, pastures, sugar cane, rice husks, cow dung, and other woody biomass raw materials, then power generation, Biomass processing method to be used for a predetermined purpose such as activated carbon production To the law Related.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Energy and resources are indispensable to support the progress of human life and society, but there is a strong recognition of the need to secure energy and resources while protecting the environment, and solar energy is stored in different forms. In particular, technology that uses biomass, that is, biomass conversion technology that converts renewable biomass resources into energy, industrial raw materials, and the like, has attracted attention. For example, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) Concentration is increasing at a rate of 1.8 ppm annually, CO ₂ The progress of global warming due to concentration rise is a problem. CO in the atmosphere ₂ Is fixed as biomass by the photosynthetic reaction. ₂ And return to the atmosphere as methane. Various methods for treating biomass have been proposed to prevent re-entry in the atmosphere.
[0003]
As a conventional biomass treatment method, for example, an alcohol conversion method by a fermentation method, a hydrothermal decomposition method, or the like has been proposed. However, the former fermentation method uses only sugar and starch as raw materials and takes a long time for fermentation. In addition, the latter hydrothermal decomposition method has problems of high temperature, high pressure, and low yield. In addition, there is a problem that a large amount of biomass residues are supplied together and the utilization rate of biomass is low.
[0004]
On the other hand, in the case of biomass gasification, for example, a gasification furnace such as a fixed bed or a fluidized bed was used, but only the surface of the biomass particles reacted and did not react uniformly to the inside, Tar is generated and the gasification gas produced is H ₂ Because of low CO, it is not a raw material for methanol synthesis. Further, there is a problem in that the generated tar adheres to the inside of the furnace and also adheres to equipment or the like installed on the downstream side, resulting in trouble in operation.
[0005]
Therefore, in the past, it was decided to burn at a high temperature by supplying a large amount of oxygen, but in this case, a high temperature region partially exceeding 1200 ° C. was formed, and the biomass itself burned without becoming a gas, There is a problem of sooting.
[0006]
In order to eliminate such disadvantages, in JP-A-11-286692 (Patent Document 1), the biomass raw material is reduced in size to a particle size of less than 30 cm in advance, preferably less than 15 cm, more preferably less than 5 cm, The biomass material reduced in size is subjected to pyrolysis at a temperature of 350 to 650 ° C., and (a) oxygen-rich gas introduced from the outside and gas released in the process of pyrolysis under the influence of steam according to circumstances. Without condensing, subjected to cracking (reforming) treatment at a temperature of 1100 to 1600 ° C., and (c) the residue liberated in the pyrolysis process under a pressure of 0.5 to 1.5 bar and 1200 Molten slag or metal obtained in step (c), gasified at a temperature of 1700 ° C., vaporized or optionally melted under reducing conditions A technique is proposed in which the condensate is discarded or recovered as required and used for gas cleaning with or without the product gas obtained in the process of (e) steps (b) and (c). Has been.
[0007]
However, such prior art does not condense the gas released in the process of thermal decomposition without cracking, and is subjected to a cracking treatment at a temperature of 1100 to 1600 ° C, or residues released in the process of thermal decomposition at 1200 to 1700 ° C. It requires a high-temperature treatment process that gasifies at temperature, vaporizes, or in some cases, melts under reducing conditions, resulting in increased process size and heat resistance, resulting in higher costs for the entire equipment Leading to
[0008]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-49177 (Patent Document 2) has been proposed as a biomass gasification method and apparatus capable of efficiently producing effective synthesis gas such as methanol from biomass with a small-scale apparatus. .
[0009]
Such a technique involves burning biomass fuel in a pyrolysis zone in a combustion gasification furnace to produce pyrolysis gas CH, and sucking this pyrolysis gas CH into the combustion layer zone below the pyrolysis zone to increase the temperature. It is oxidized by reacting with a mixture of water vapor and air, and a reformed gas is obtained in the reduction layer and reforming layer below it, and ash and unreacted tar are removed from the reformed gas to obtain purified gas. obtain. In addition, after obtaining the purified gas, the steam and air supplied to the reformed layer zone due to the latent heat of the purified gas passing through are heated to effectively use the energy. H ₂ However, since it has a high temperature specification for reforming into a general-purpose gas mainly composed of CO, there is a disadvantage that the cost of the furnace itself increases even if the combustion gasification furnace is configured as a reforming furnace integrated with the pyrolysis furnace.
[0010]
In addition, since the pyrolysis zone and the reforming zone are integrated, it is decomposed by pyrolysis in order to introduce gas at a high temperature of 800 to 1000 ° C in the combustion gasifier and perform gas reforming. The solid carbon content that has fallen to the reforming zone side and contributes to combustion on the reforming zone side, so that it does not lead to effective utilization of the solid content as a carbide of biomass.
Methanol produced from biomass (CH ₃ OH), methane, and CO are cheaper than natural gas as the corresponding fuel gas. Therefore, the biomass processing system cannot be economically responded to by simply generating synthesis gas and generating electricity. Gas is higher in calories because it contains butane and propane, while methanol (CH ₃ OH), methane, or CO cannot have a high calorie because it has one carbon group, so that it is difficult to use a normal boiler generator, and it is not very versatile industrially.
[0011]
In addition, as a typical utilization system of woody biomass, application of a direct combustion power generation system or the like is being studied, but the power generation efficiency is about 10 to 15% at the transmission end, and high energy conversion efficiency cannot be expected. CO as a fossil fuel alternative ₂ Although there is an increase suppression effect, direct CO ₂ It does not lead to reduction.
In addition, as a typical utilization system of woody biomass, there is a system that carbonizes and gasifies, burns the gas, recovers heat with a boiler, etc. and uses the carbide for combustion, etc., but the carbide is bulky, so it is used externally as fuel In this case, there is a problem in handling such as ash dust and the transportation cost increases.
[0012]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-286692
[Patent Document 2]
JP 2003-49177 A
[0013]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the problems of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to effectively use biomass as a solid component after pyrolysis or as synthesis gas, thereby reducing the total processing cost and effectively using it as a valuable resource. Direction The law It is to provide.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a biomass processing method in which the carbide obtained by pyrolysis of biomass is effectively used and its handling property is improved. The law It is to provide.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a biomass processing method that enables smooth and highly efficient power generation by effectively using low-calorie gas such as methane or CO produced from biomass. Law Is to provide.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve this problem, the first invention of the present invention is to heat a woody biomass raw material roughly crushed into a 20 to 80 mm sieve mesh with a rotary kiln under oxygen shortage at a temperature of 300 to 600 ° C. After obtaining the porous carbide together with the cracked gas and cooling the pyrolyzed gas below the condensation point of the high boiling point component and at 100 ° C. or higher to remove the high boiling point component without condensing the water vapor in the pyrolyzed gas CH , Put the pyrolysis gas into the reforming space, The reforming space temperature of the pyrolysis gas is set to 800 to 1100 ° C., the porous carbide is adjusted to a particle size of 0.5 to 5 mm, and is injected into the reforming space to activate the porous carbide. It is characterized by that.
Also, the second invention is A woody biomass raw material roughly crushed into a 20 to 80 mm sieve mesh is carbonized in a rotary kiln under oxygen shortage at a temperature of 300 to 600 ° C. to obtain a porous carbide together with a pyrolysis gas, and the pyrolysis gas has a high boiling point. After cooling to 100 ° C. or more below the condensation point of the components and removing the high boiling point components without condensing the water vapor in the pyrolysis gas CH, Put the pyrolysis gas into the reforming space, The reforming space temperature of the pyrolysis gas is set to 800 to 1100 ° C., and the porous carbide is adjusted to a particle size of less than 0.5 mm and introduced into the reforming space to gasify the porous carbide. It is characterized by Ru Iomas treatment method.
That is, when the reforming space temperature of the pyrolysis gas is set to 800 to 1100 ° C. and the particle size of the porous carbide is adjusted to 0.5 to 5 mm and charged into the reforming space, the porous carbide is activated. The porous carbide can be gasified by adjusting the particle size of the porous carbide to less than 0.5 mm and introducing it into the modified space.
Therefore, according to this invention, three types of carbide C as solid fuel (substituting fossil fuel), activated carbon AC used for environmental purification, and power generation energy are generated and distributed by adjusting the particle size of carbide C in a pulverizer. The ratio can be freely adjusted according to demand. Especially, the temperature condition of the reforming activation furnace can also serve as the activation temperature condition for active carbonization of the carbide, and by adjusting the water vapor amount and the carbide particle size, the gas of the carbide can be adjusted. Not only can the conversion rate (activated carbon yield) be controlled, but also reforming the cracked gas into a high-calorie gas (steam reforming) and generating electricity with a gas engine (power generation efficiency 36%) enables high-efficiency energy conversion. Yes, CO ₂ As a unique carbonization and gas reforming power generation system that leads to direct reduction of electricity, it is possible to establish an economical and widely accepted system for using woody biomass that is widely accepted by society.
[0015]
And this invention is the carbonization apparatus which obtains porous carbide with a pyrolysis gas by carbonizing the wood biomass raw material which carried out coarse crushing suitably at the temperature of 300-600 degreeC, and uses this porous carbide for the downstream objective. A pulverizing apparatus for pulverizing to a predetermined particle size, and a reforming activation furnace that performs the reforming of the pyrolysis gas and activates by introducing the pulverized porous carbide into the reforming space, In this case, the pulverizer is preferably a pulverizer capable of adjusting the porous carbide to a predetermined particle size according to the target product, and the furnace temperature of the reforming activation furnace is set to 800 to 1100 ° C. At the same time, by providing a porous carbide inlet below the pyrolysis gas inlet in the furnace, the reforming and activation can be performed smoothly.
[0016]
Further, it is preferable to provide a gas engine power generator or a fuel cell power generator driven by the reformed gas reformed by the reforming activation furnace.
In particular, since the reformed gas includes a gas generated by the activation of the carbide C, a high calorie gas of several thousand Kcal / kg can be obtained, and further, high power can be obtained by generating power with a gas engine (power generation efficiency 36%). Energy conversion is possible with efficiency, and the power transmission end efficiency is expected to be 20-25%.
The reformed gas contains H ₂ Since it contains many components, it can be effectively used in a fuel cell power generator.
In addition, the present invention provides a high calorie and handling property by producing a fluid fuel by mixing the liquid component obtained by cooling and separating the pyrolysis gas with the pulverized porous carbide obtained by pulverizing the porous carbide. A good fuel can be obtained.
[0017]
As a specific configuration of such an invention, a carbonized biomass material roughly crushed and carbonized at a temperature of 300 to 600 ° C. to obtain a porous carbide together with a pyrolysis gas, and a pyrolysis obtained from the carbonizer A cooling means for cooling the gas and separating the liquid component, a pulverizing means for pulverizing the porous carbide, and a means for obtaining a fluid fuel by mixing the liquid component separated by the cooling means with the pulverized porous carbide. It is prepared for.
In this case, the cooling temperature of the cooling means is preferably set to be equal to or lower than the condensation point of the high boiling point component and equal to or higher than 100 ° C.
As a result, the steam in the pyrolysis gas CH is not condensed, and not only the steam supplied to the reforming activation furnace can be supplemented, but also water is not mixed into the separated liquid component side. It can be used.
[0018]
By supplying such fluid fuel to a dedicated burner provided in the carbonization apparatus, the recovery rate of the reformed gas as a product is reduced without using the reformed gas as a heat source for the carbonization process. You can solve problems such as.
[0019]
The present invention also includes a carbonization apparatus for carbonizing coarsely crushed woody biomass raw material at a temperature of 300 to 600 ° C. to obtain a porous carbide together with a pyrolysis gas, and modifying the pyrolysis gas using an FCC waste catalyst as a fluid medium. A circulating fluidized bed furnace for performing the quality treatment and a regeneration furnace for regenerating the FCC waste catalyst, and the temperature of the circulating fluidized bed furnace and the regeneration furnace are both 1000 ° C. or less.
According to this invention, since the fluidizing medium of each furnace uses the FCC waste catalyst and the reforming furnace is carried out in the presence of the catalyst, the temperature condition can be carried out in a low temperature region of about 700 to 800 ° C. The cost of the furnace can be reduced, and the reforming catalyst uses an FCC waste catalyst so that it can be processed at low cost. The circulating fluidized bed has a large stirring effect and a high reaction speed, so that the equipment can be made compact. I can plan.
Further, the carbonization apparatus can be reformed even at a low temperature of 300 to 600 ° C. by mechanical forced stirring by using a rotary kiln.
[0020]
or, The third invention of the present invention is: A woody biomass raw material roughly crushed into a 20 to 80 mm sieve mesh is carbonized in a rotary kiln under oxygen shortage at a temperature of 300 to 600 ° C. to obtain a porous carbide together with a pyrolysis gas, and the pyrolysis gas has a high boiling point. A biomass process characterized by producing a fluid fuel by mixing a liquid component obtained by cooling to 100 ° C. or higher below a component condensation point with a pulverized porous carbide obtained by pulverizing the porous carbide. Is in the law.
[0021]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings. However, unless otherwise specified, the dimensions, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the components described in this embodiment are merely illustrative examples and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Figure 1 shows the overall flow of the carbonization and power generation system for wood chips such as thinned wood, driftwood, pruned wood, construction waste wood, herbaceous materials such as weeds, pastures and sugar cane, rice husks, cow dung, and other woody biomass raw materials. It is a basic system flow diagram.
In FIG. 1, 1 is a rough crushing machine for woody biomass, which uses a hammer hammer or saw blade cutter or crusher etc. to make woody biomass less than 100 mm sieve mesh, preferably 20-80 mm sieve mesh Crush roughly.
In this case, the woody biomass material is difficult to be crushed because it has ductility, and the pulverization cost is not only geometrically increased below 10 to 20 mm sieve mesh, but it cannot be effectively used as activated carbon AC described later.
On the other hand, when the mesh size is 100 mm or more, when the mixture is stirred with a low-temperature rotary kiln 3 at about 300 to 600 ° C., which will be described later, only the surface cannot be thermally decomposed to the inside.
Now, such a rough crusher 1 does not necessarily need to be located in the adjacent area of a carbonization and electric power generation system, and may be in a wood accumulation place etc. away from the system.
For example, in planned logging areas such as forests, in the areas where perennial forest planning is carried out so that the forest recharge function functions normally, main cutting and thinning of forest trees are carried out based on this plan. System biomass is collected. In such an area, the rough crusher 1 may be arranged at a sawmill in the area around the water source where the timber is accumulated.
In addition, from a factory or a general house, it is preferable to perform rough crushing by installing the rough crusher 1 at these sites for sawmill waste and building waste.
[0022]
The biomass that has been roughly crushed on the side of the wood accumulation site is sent to the processing system using a transportation means such as a truck. Alternatively, when the rough crusher 1 is installed adjacent to the processing system, the rough crusher 1 is stored in the rough crushing biomass accumulation site 2 by a bucket conveyor or a crane, and is put into a hopper on the rotary kiln 3 side via a lifting crane. Biomass is pyrolyzed in an oxygen-deficient state to generate carbides and pyrolysis gas CH.
Such a rotary kiln 3 has a pyrolysis drum 3a and an outer shell 3b through which hot gas flows. The outer shell 3b is supplied with hot gas heated by a burner 40, and is heated on the inner shell side. The inside of the decomposition drum 3a is maintained at 300 ° C to 600 ° C.
[0023]
The pyrolysis drum 3a generates pyrolysis gas CH and carbide C while heating and stirring coarsely crushed biomass by the rotation, and the pyrolysis gas CH is sent to the reforming activation furnace 5, and the carbide C is used as a solid fuel. Alternatively, the powder is pulverized to a predetermined particle size by the pulverizer 4 and then supplied to the reforming activation furnace 5 for activation.
More specifically, in the rotary kiln 3, C _n H _m O ₁ The wood-based cellulose made of is decomposed into hydrocarbon-based pyrolysis gas CH and carbide C by heating at 300 to 600 ° C., more preferably at 400 to 500 ° C. in the absence of oxygen.
Here, the lower limit is limited to 300 ° C., not only is pyrolysis difficult at temperatures lower than this, but the tar content generated by pyrolysis does not evaporate and adheres to the inner wall of the pyrolysis drum 3a. This is because there is a risk of losing.
Further, when heating at 600 ° C. or higher, a heat-resistant material must be used for the pyrolysis drum 3a, which not only leads to an increase in cost, but also generates adsorption holes when activating the carbide C as described later. This is because the pores are clogged at a temperature, and a preferable activated carbon AC cannot be formed.
[0024]
The reforming activation furnace 5 has a cylindrical dome shape with a tapered bottom, and the oxygen O together with the pyrolysis gas CH from the top of the furnace. ₂ And water vapor H ₂ O is introduced and reformed at about 800 to 1100 ° C., preferably 900 to 1000 ° C., and carbide C pulverized to a predetermined particle size is introduced from the middle position of the furnace to activate the pulverized carbide C. AC is manufactured.
The reforming of the pyrolysis gas CH is performed by supplying CO generated by burning hydrocarbons under oxygen shortage together with steam to a high-temperature gasification reaction field. (Hydrocarbon) + H ₂ O ← → CO + H ₂ CO shift reaction proceeds to the right side and H ₂ The concentration can be improved.
That is, oxygen is deprived in the reduction zone at the upper part of the reforming activation furnace 5, and further, in the reformed zone below the reducing zone, the tar content is reduced to CO and H by the following reaction. ₂ To improve.
C + CO ₂ → 2CO, C + H ₂ O → CO + H ₂ ... 1)
C _n H _m + NH ₂ O → nCO + (n + 1/2 · m) H ₂ ... 2)
These reactions must occur at a high temperature of about 800 ° C. or higher, and are endothermic. Therefore, oxygen is mixed with water vapor, and energy necessary for reforming is supplied by the next reaction.
C + O ₂ → CO ₂ ... 3)
C + 1/2 · O ₂ → CO 4)
[0025]
Further, by introducing the carbide C pulverized to a predetermined particle size by the pulverizer 4 below the reduction zone in the middle of the reforming activation furnace space, the carbide C reacts with water vapor to produce activated carbon AC, ie, activation. It becomes possible.
That is, as shown in FIG. 4, the pulverized carbide C is obtained by carbonizing the coarsely crushed biomass (A) in a roasted kiln 3 at 300 to 600 ° C., preferably 400 to 500 ° C. in a steamed state (B In addition, the porous portion is converted into water gas (C + H) by performing a heat treatment at a temperature of 800 to 1000 ° C. with steam in an oxygen-deficient state in the reforming activation furnace 5. ₂ O → CO + H ₂ ) And activated carbon AC shown in (C) can be produced. This heat treatment is called activation, which creates a state in which the carbon skeleton of the raw material is broken and fine pores are generated.
Manufacture is possible at such an activation temperature of 800 to 1100 ° C, preferably 900 to 1000 ° C. Therefore, if the temperature of the reforming activation furnace 5 is set to 1100 ° C. or more, the fire resistance structure of the furnace becomes strict, so the temperature inside the reforming activation furnace 5 is 800 to 1100 ° C., preferably 900 to 1000 ° C. It is good to set.
Further, considering the activation mainly, the steam is supplied from the top of the reforming activation furnace 5 and the steam is directly supplied from the carbide introduction path 5a side to the carbon water gasification reaction field to be activated. Good.
[0026]
In addition, when the reforming and activation treatment is performed at a temperature of 1000 ° C. in the reforming activation furnace 5, the surface area increases when the particle size of the carbide C to be input is small. ₂ O → CO + H ₂ The reaction proceeds greatly and the yield of the activated carbon AC is extremely reduced, so the particle size of the input carbide C becomes a problem.
Therefore, the porous carbide C carbonized in the steamed state by the rotary kiln 3 is previously crushed to 0.5 mm, 5 mm, and 10 mm into the reforming activation furnace 5 and reformed and activated at a temperature of 1000 ° C. After that, when the acquisition ratio of the activated carbon AC obtained by solid-gas separation with the cyclone 9 was examined, it was 0% when the particle size was 0.5 mm, and almost 100% of the carbide C was “C + H”. ₂ O → CO + H ₂ CO / H is progressing ₂ It was understood that a large amount of gas was produced, and that 50% activated carbon AC was produced at a particle size of 5 mm, and 60% activated carbon was produced at 10 mm.
In addition, it was also confirmed by experiments that when the particle size is 15 mm or more, it is not possible to make AC with good performance due to a significant decrease in surface area.
[0027]
The CO / H produced in the reforming activation furnace 5 ₂ After the gas is solid-gas separated by the cyclone 9, the gas is purified by the gas purifier 6. ₂ After separating a trace amount of harmful gas such as S and removing dust, it is stored in a gas holder (not shown) and supplied to the gas engine generator 7 for high-efficiency power generation.
The gas engine generator 7 is different from a steam turbine generator using a boiler in that it is CO / H ₂ Even gas can sufficiently generate power for combustion. In particular, according to the present embodiment, carbide C is added in the reforming activation furnace 5, and 100% CO / H at a particle size of 0.5 mm. ₂ Gas is generated and 50% CO / H even at 5 mm particle size ₂ Since gas is generated, the number of calories is increased in addition to a normal reforming furnace, and a calorific value of several thousand kcal / kg can be obtained.
[0028]
The purified CO / H ₂ The gas may be used as a fuel for the burner 40 of the rotary kiln 3, and the exhaust gas of the gas engine generator 7 has a temperature of about 400 to 500 ° C., so it can be directly used as a heat source for heating the rotary kiln 3. May be. In addition, 8 is an exhaust tower.
[0029]
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the control of the controller 10 for adjusting the particle size of the carbide C in the pulverizer 4 allows the carbide C as a solid fuel (alternative use of fossil fuel), activated carbon AC used for environmental purification, and power generation energy. Three types can adjust freely the generation amount and distribution ratio according to demand by adjusting the particle size of the carbide C in the pulverizer 4.
That is, when the particle size of the pulverizer 4 is set to 0.5 mm or less, the woody biomass roughly crushed to 100 mm or less is carbonized in the rotary kiln 3 at a temperature of 300 to 600 ° C., and the cracked gas is reformed activation furnace. 5 is supplied. The carbide C is made into a fine powder of 0.5 mm or less by the pulverizer 4 and supplied to the reforming activation furnace 5. In the reforming activation furnace 5, steam is supplied under a temperature condition of around 1000 ° C., and all of the cracked gas and carbide C fine powder are H. ₂ The gas can be reformed into a general-purpose fuel gas such as CO. ₂ After separating a trace amount of harmful gas such as S and further removing dust, it can be stored in a gas holder and supplied to the gas engine generator 7 for high-efficiency power generation.
[0030]
On the other hand, when there is a demand for activated carbon AC, by setting the particle size of the pulverizer 4 to 0.5 to 5 mm, the water gasification reaction of the carbide C in the reforming activation furnace 5 is controlled, and the cyclone 9 is solid gas. By separating, the carbide C can be recovered as the activated carbon AC, so that the carbon is fixed with the biomass carbide C as the activated carbon AC and the carbon is immobilized. ₂ Can be reduced directly.
The reforming furnace temperature condition must satisfy the activation temperature condition for active carbonization of the carbide C, and in addition to this, the carbide C particle size, the amount of steam supplied to the reforming activation furnace and the oxidizing gas are adjusted. Thus, the gasification rate (activated carbon yield) of the carbide C can be controlled.
In addition, since the fuel gas for power generation includes the gas generated by the activation of the carbide C, a high calorie gas of several thousand kcal / kg can be obtained, and further by generating power with a gas engine (power generation efficiency 36%). Energy conversion is possible with high efficiency, and the power transmission efficiency is expected to be 20-25%.
[0031]
Therefore, according to the present embodiment, since the gas reforming furnace and the carbide C activation furnace are integrated to simplify the equipment and the pulverizer 4 capable of adjusting the particle size of the carbide C is provided, the activated carbonization or gasification can be efficiently performed. Become.
In addition, it is easy to adjust the activated carbonization / gasification ratio of the carbide C by adjusting the particle size or adjusting the temperature of the reforming activation furnace 5, and a system can be constructed according to demand.
Further, in this example, the biomass is first converted into cracked gas and carbide C by the carbonization treatment process and pulverization process of the roughly crushed biomass, and then the carbide C is pulverized to significantly increase the activation or gasification rate. In addition to the improvement, the carbonized biomass is reduced to 20-30% of the raw biomass and becomes brittle, so that it is easy to grind, and the cost increase due to the provision of the grinding step is small.
Furthermore, by introducing the pulverized carbide C together with the cracked gas into a reforming furnace (activation furnace), gas reforming and carbide activation treatment (activated carbonization) can be performed simultaneously, and the equipment can be simplified.
[0032]
The pyrolysis gas CH generated from the carbonization (pyrolysis) furnace of the rotary kiln 3 is led to the reforming activation furnace 5 at a temperature of about 500 ° C., but the reforming reaction formula of 1) and 2) is an endothermic reaction. Therefore, oxygen is mixed with water vapor and the energy required for reforming is supplied by the heat of oxidation reaction, but the reforming furnace is also used for activation, so the reforming temperature is raised to 1100 ° C or higher. Is not a good idea because the furnace refractory structure becomes severe.
For this reason, it is better to remove the high-boiling component having a high molecular structure such as tar.
[0033]
FIG. 2 shows another embodiment in which such a point is devised. A cooling heat exchanger 11 is provided in the middle of the pyrolysis gas CH path between the carbonization (pyrolysis) furnace of the rotary kiln 3 and the reforming activation furnace 5. By interposing and cooling the pyrolysis gas and separating and recovering it into a liquid substance and a gaseous component, the high-boiling components having a polymer structure such as tar can be removed in advance.
In this case, the temperature of the cooling heat exchanger 11 may be equal to or lower than the condensation point of tar, but by setting the temperature to 100 ° C. or higher, the water vapor in the pyrolysis gas CH is not condensed and reformed. Not only can the steam supplied to the furnace be complemented, but also water can be used as a fluidized fuel, which will be described later, without mixing water on the tar side.
[0034]
That is, the carbide C generated from the carbonization (pyrolysis) furnace of the rotary kiln 3 is subjected to aluminum selection by a magnetic separator or a vortex separator 12 in order to avoid nail contamination, and then pulverized to a predetermined particle size by a pulverizer 13. Then, a fluid fuel is obtained by mixing with the tar content. You may use for the fuel of the burner 40 which obtains the hot gas for the heating of the rotary kiln 3 using this fluid fuel.
If constituted in this way, although reformed gas was burned and used for a heat source as a heat source of a carbonization process, problems, such as a recovery rate of reformed gas as a product falling, can be solved.
Moreover, if the activated carbide activated pulverized carbide C is mixed with water in advance to form a water slurry and then supplied to the reforming activation furnace 5, it is supplied to the reforming activation furnace 5 in a uniformly dispersed state using a nozzle or the like. You may make it do.
[0035]
In the first and second embodiments, the reforming of the pyrolysis gas is performed by supplying water vapor in a temperature field around 1000 ° C. ₂ Although it is reformed to a general-purpose gas mainly composed of CO, the temperature of the reforming furnace increases because of high temperature specifications.
Accordingly, in the third embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, a circulating fluidized bed type reforming furnace using a FCC catalyst as a fluid medium and supplying steam as a fluid gas to the subsequent stage of the carbonization furnace comprising the rotary kiln 3. 21 and a reforming furnace 21 with a catalyst regeneration furnace 22.
[0036]
Conventionally, a catalyst prepared by dispersing zeolite in a matrix component such as alumina has been most commonly used as a catalytic cracking catalyst for petroleum hydrocarbons such as FCC. However, as the crude oil becomes heavier as described above, a refreshing catalyst is required so that heavy hydrocarbons can be efficiently and effectively decomposed, and an FCC waste catalyst is generated. This waste catalyst has been used in the process until just before, and still has sufficient catalytic activity. Therefore, the present invention uses this waste catalyst to lower the reforming temperature.
[0037]
That is, the pyrolysis gas CH pyrolyzed in the rotary kiln 3 is introduced into the cooling heat exchanger 11 directly from the gas flow path 31 or via the gas flow path 32, and the tar is passed through the cooling heat exchanger 11. After the portion is removed, it is introduced into the fluidized bed type reforming furnace 21. At this time, both the gas flow paths 31 and 32 may be provided, and the structure may be selectively used appropriately or may be the structure provided with only one of the gas flow paths 31 and 32. The reforming furnace 21 supplies oxygen and water vapor from a dispersion plate at the bottom, and supplies a catalyst for catalytic cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons such as FCC as a fluid medium from a catalyst regeneration furnace 22 to form a circulating fluidized bed. To do.
Then, the reformed gas and the FCC fluidized medium reformed in the circulating fluidized bed reforming furnace are solid-gas separated by the cyclone 23, and the separated FCC waste catalyst is introduced into the catalyst regeneration furnace 22.
The catalyst regeneration furnace 22 is composed of a bubbling bubble fluidized bed, and air or oxygen-enriched air is supplied from a dispersion plate at the bottom, and the char attached to the FCC catalyst is burned at 800 to 900 ° C. to perform a regeneration process.
[0038]
Therefore, according to the present embodiment, since the reforming furnace 21 is performed in the presence of the catalyst by utilizing the FCC waste catalyst, the temperature condition can be performed in a low temperature region of about 700 to 800 ° C. The cost of the furnace 21 can be reduced.
In addition, since the catalyst uses an FCC waste catalyst, low-cost processing is possible, and the circulating fluidized bed has a large stirring effect and a high reaction rate, so that the equipment can be made compact.
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the biomass can be effectively used as a solid content after pyrolysis or as a synthesis gas, and the total processing cost can be reduced and the biomass can be effectively used as a valuable resource.
In addition, the present invention can be used as a liquid fuel that can be easily stored and transported by forming a porous slurry obtained from the carbonization apparatus together with a liquid recovered material separated from the pyrolysis gas into a combustion slurry.
Furthermore, the present invention enables smooth and highly efficient power generation by effectively using low calorie gas such as methane or CO generated from biomass.
As a result, energy conversion efficiency is high, and CO ₂ By developing a unique carbonization and gas reforming power generation system that leads to a direct reduction, it is possible to establish a woody biomass utilization system that is economical and widely accepted by society.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a system flow diagram of a basic embodiment of the present invention showing an overall flow of a carbonization / power generation system for a woody biomass raw material.
FIG. 2 is a system flow diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention showing an overall flow of a carbonization / power generation system for a woody biomass raw material.
FIG. 3 is a system of a third embodiment of the present invention in which a circulating fluidized bed type reforming furnace using an FCC catalyst as a fluid medium is provided at the subsequent stage of the carbonization furnace, and a catalyst regeneration furnace is attached to the reforming furnace. FIG.
FIG. 4 is an operation diagram from carbonization treatment to activation treatment.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Rough crusher for woody biomass
3 Rotary kiln
4,13 Crusher
5 reformer activation furnace
6 Gas purifier
7 Gas engine generator
11 Heat exchanger for cooling
21 Circulating fluidized bed reforming furnace
22 Catalyst regeneration furnace

Claims (3)

A woody biomass raw material roughly crushed into a 20 to 80 mm sieve mesh is carbonized in a rotary kiln under oxygen shortage at a temperature of 300 to 600 ° C. to obtain a porous carbide together with a pyrolysis gas, and the pyrolysis gas has a high boiling point. After the high boiling point component is removed without cooling the water vapor in the pyrolysis gas CH by condensation below the component condensation point and above 100 ° C., the pyrolysis gas is introduced into the reforming space and the pyrolysis The reforming space temperature of the gas is set to 800 to 1100 ° C., the porous carbide is adjusted to a particle size of 0.5 to 5 mm, and is injected into the reforming space to activate the porous carbide. and to Luba biomass processing method. A woody biomass raw material roughly crushed into a 20 to 80 mm sieve mesh is carbonized in a rotary kiln under oxygen shortage at a temperature of 300 to 600 ° C. to obtain a porous carbide together with a pyrolysis gas, and the pyrolysis gas has a high boiling point. After the high boiling point component is removed without cooling the water vapor in the pyrolysis gas CH by condensation below the component condensation point and above 100 ° C., the pyrolysis gas is introduced into the reforming space and the pyrolysis The reforming space temperature of the gas is set to 800 to 1100 ° C., the porous carbide is adjusted to a particle size of less than 0.5 mm, and is injected into the reforming space to gasify the porous carbide. and to Luba biomass processing method.   A woody biomass raw material roughly crushed into a 20 to 80 mm sieve mesh is carbonized in a rotary kiln under oxygen shortage at a temperature of 300 to 600 ° C. to obtain a porous carbide together with a pyrolysis gas, and the pyrolysis gas has a high boiling point. A biomass process characterized by producing a fluid fuel by mixing a liquid component obtained by cooling to 100 ° C. or higher below a component condensation point with a pulverized porous carbide obtained by pulverizing the porous carbide. Law.

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