CN102434226A

CN102434226A - Biomass power generating method

Info

Publication number: CN102434226A
Application number: CN2011102188134A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 肖国雄
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2011-08-02
Filing date: 2011-08-02
Publication date: 2012-05-02

Abstract

The invention discloses a biomass power generating method, comprising the following steps of: A, pyrolysis carbonization: placing a biomass raw material into a pyrolysis furnace for pyrolysis, and controlling the pyrolysis temperature to be 200-300 DEG C to decompose biomass into biomass carbon; B, crushing processing: crushing the biomass carbon obtained in the step A, processing the crushed biomass carbon into carbon powder of 50-200 meshes by using a grinding machine; and C, spraying-in for combustion: spraying the carbon powder obtained in the step B into a steam boiler for combustion, generating high-pressure steam, and pushing a steam turbine to rotate for power generation. The biomass power generating method disclosed by the invention has the following advantages that: 1, the transportation cost is low, the biomass is changed into carbon, the density is increased by 3-4 times, and the transportation expense is low; 2, the power generating efficiency is high, and the thermal efficiency of the boiler is increased; 3, the combined heat and power generation is realized, and the energy utilization rate is higher than 75%; and 4, the fixed assets are reduced by 40%, the floor area is reduced by 65%, the investment cost is low. Therefore, the biomass power generating method not only is free of national subsidy but also can be used for making profits.

Description

A kind of biomass generation method

Technical field: the present invention relates to the biomass fuel field, specifically relate to a kind of biomass generation method of finger.

Technical background: prior biological matter generation technology comprises that mainly direct combustion power generation of living beings and gasifying electricity generation etc. are multiple.The biogas elelctrochemical power generation is after biomass collection is come, to dry, and in gasification oven, gasifies, and with gas purification, sends into gas turbine power generation.The efficient of biogas elelctrochemical power generation is about below 15%, and energy efficiency is low.Generating is a kind of very mature gas elelctrochemical power generation technology like husk, and 1000 kilograms of husks can only be sent out 425 degree.The calorific capacity of husk is 3500 kilocalorie/kilograms, and 1 degree electricity is 860 kilocalories, and the total amount of heat of 425 degree electricity is 365500 kilocalories (860 * 425), and the heat of 1000 kilograms of husks is 3500000 kilocalories, and the husk generating efficiency is 365500 kilocalories/3500000 kilocalories=10.4%.

The direct combustion power generation of living beings is biomass material to be sent into fluidized bed boiler directly burn, and produces steam, promotes the steam turbine rotation and generates electricity.This generating exists problem: the one, and biomass density is little, and volume is big, and cost of transportation is high, and the transportation radius of decision living beings is in 50 kilometers; The 2nd, the cost of investment of fixed assets is high, and the investment that electric motor power is every kilowatt is 10,000 yuan, and the 3rd, energy utilization rate is low, below 25%; Four, biomass electric power plant is all near the places of origin of raw materials, and the waste steam of discharging from steam turbine does not utilize, serious waste the energy.According to incompletely statistics, to the end of the year in 2009, the biomass power generation project accumulative total that China governments at all levels check and approve surpassed 170, and total installation of generating capacity is above 4,600,000 kilowatts.These power plant's generatings are all lost, and need state aid.

Summary of the invention: the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of biomass generation method.With the generating of this method, generating efficiency is high, and energy utilization rate is high, and investment, cost of transportation are low.

The objective of the invention is to realize like this; This biomass generation method; Comprise the steps: A, pyrolysis charring: biomass material is put into pyrolyzing furnace carry out pyrolysis; Pyrolysis temperature is controlled at 200～300 ℃, and biomass decomposition becomes biomass carbon, and the fugitive constituent of biomass carbon is more than 25%; B, grinding and processing: the biomass carbon of " steps A " is pulverized, be processed into 50～200 purpose powdered carbon: C through grinding machine: spray into burning, powdered carbon that will " step B " sprays into the steam boiler internal combustion, produces high pressure steam, promotes the steam turbine rotation and generates electricity.

Living beings are put into pyrolyzing furnace (like a kind of biomass pyrolysis furnace; Number of patent application: 201110006196.1) carry out pyrolysis, pyrolysis temperature is controlled at 200～300 ℃, and biomass decomposition becomes 90% biomass carbon; 7% bio-oil and ligno acetic acid, 3% wood gas (percent of calories).Powdered carbon is broken, and cooling, pack are transported to biomass electric power plant with biomass carbon then; Wear into 50～200 purpose powdered carbons at biomass electric power plant through grinding machine; Spray into the steam boiler internal combustion, produce high pressure steam, promote the steam turbine rotation and generate electricity.In order to prevent to produce too much wood gas, the pyrolysis temperature of living beings is controlled at 200～300 ℃.When the pyrolysis temperature of living beings during at 200 ℃, the heat of biomass carbon accounts for 97% of full biomass heat; When the pyrolysis temperature of living beings during at 250 ℃, the heat of biomass carbon accounts for 87% of full biomass heat; When the pyrolysis temperature of living beings during at 300 ℃, the heat of biomass carbon accounts for 78% of full biomass heat; (from " the wooden castoff regenerative recycle utilization " P28 of Chemical Industry Press), pyrolysis temperature surpasses 300 ℃, the yielding poorly of charcoal, cost is high; Fugitive constituent reduces, and influences powdered carbon and sprays into ignition in the steam boiler.

Owing to biomass material is put into pyrolyzing furnace carries out pyrolysis charring, be ground into 50～200 purpose powdered carbons; Spray into the steam boiler internal combustion again, this electricity-generating method has following advantage: 1, cost of transportation is low, and (density is 200kg/m with living beings ³) carry out pyrolysis, become biomass carbon, density is brought up to 600～800kg/m ³, density has improved 3～4 times, and the heat of per kilogram biomass carbon reaches 6000～7400 kilocalories, has improved 2 times than heat 3000～3500 kilocalorie/kilograms of biomass material, and then the heat of 1 cubic metre of biomass carbon is 6～8 times with the volume living beings.This cost of transportation that is equivalent to per ten thousand kilocalorie heats descends 6～8 times.A truck dress biomass carbon is 30 tons, and 300 kilometers traffic expense is 100 yuan/ton, because biomass density is low, volume is big, truck can only be adorned 6 tons of living beings, and the traffic expense that causes 50 kilometers is 100 yuan/ton.The calorific value of living beings has only the half the of biomass carbon, presses the equal calorimeter of biomass carbon, and the traffic expense that living beings are 50 kilometers is 200 yuan/ton.It is thus clear that the traffic expense that biomass carbon is 600 kilometers is equivalent to the traffic expense of 50 kilometers of living beings.The transportation radius of this explanation biomass carbon can expand 500 kilometers to.Like this, the area of purchase biomass material than former directly with the enlarged areas of biomass power generation more than 100 times, fundamentally solved the insufficient raw material problem of biomass power generation.

2, generating efficiency is high, and the calorific capacity of fuel is high, and the thermal efficiency of boiler is just high; The heat of per kilogram biomass carbon reaches 6000～7400 kilocalories, has improved 2 times than heat 3000～3500 kilocalorie/kilograms of biomass material, and then the heat of every cubic metre of biomass carbon is 6～8 times of living beings; The calorific capacity of biomass carbon is high, and the thermal efficiency of boiler is high, the corresponding raising of generating efficiency; Owing to adopt the mode that biomass charcoal powder is sprayed into the steam boiler internal combustion; Boiler thermal output improves, and about 2500 kilocalorie biomass carbons can be sent out kilowatt-hour, and about 4000～5000 kilocalories of living beings are just sent out kilowatt-hour.

3, realize cogeneration of heat and power, energy utilization rate is higher than 75%.Pollution-free because of biomass carbon, cost of transportation is low, and the power station can be based upon the place that needs steam, like the industry park of food, medicine and chemical industry.After the acting of steam pushing turbine, pressure descends, and through steam pipe system, is transported to the enterprise that needs steam again, realizes cogeneration of heat and power, and steam benefit accounts for power plant's income more than 40%.

4, fixed assets descend 40%, and floor space descends 65%.For example, 300 mu of the biomass electric power plant floor spaces that electric motor power is 30,000 kilowatts, wherein raw material laydown area and arid region take up an area of 200 mu.If, come the burning boiler generating with biomass carbon, floor space drops in 100 mu.The investment that electric motor power is every kilowatt drops to 0.6 ten thousand yuan.

Above-mentioned biomass carbon is pulverized in above-mentioned advantage explanation, is processed into 50～200 purpose powdered carbons through grinding machine; Spray into the steam boiler internal combustion again, generating efficiency is high, and energy utilization rate is high; Investment, cost of transportation is low, and this is not need state aid and the strong biomass generation method of profitability at present.

Embodiment: this biomass generation method; Comprise the steps: A, pyrolysis charring: biomass material is put into pyrolyzing furnace carry out pyrolysis; Pyrolysis temperature is controlled at 200～300 ℃, and biomass decomposition becomes biomass carbon, and the fugitive constituent of biomass carbon is more than 25%; B, grinding and processing: the biomass carbon of " steps A " is pulverized, be processed into 50～200 purpose powdered carbons through grinding machine; C: spray into burning, the powdered carbon of " step B " is sprayed into the steam boiler internal combustion, produce high pressure steam, promote steam turbine and rotate and generate electricity.

Embodiment: certain biomass electric power plant, woody living beings water content is 20%, price per ton is 300 yuan; The transportation radius of average biomass material is 50 kilometers, 100 yuan of cost of transportation average out to per ton, 1.2 tons of biomass power generation 1000 degree; 2 tons of generating 1667 degree, rate for incorporation into the power network is 0.75 a yuan/degree, income is 1250 yuan; 800 yuan of deduction costs of material are realized 450 yuan of gross profits, and the average living beings per ton in generating back have only been rised in value 225 yuan.

By a kind of biomass pyrolysis furnace (number of patent application: device fabrication living beings charcoal processing 201110006196.1), 2 tons of above-mentioned raw materials can be produced the biomass carbon of 6000 kilocalories/kilogram heat more than 1 ton, 900 yuan/ton of the cost of production of charcoal; Average cost of transportation is 100 yuan, adds up to 1000 yuan, adopts the mode that biomass charcoal powder is sprayed into the steam boiler internal combustion; Generating efficiency is higher than 75%, and the generating heat accounts for 40% (high-power station accounts for more than 46%), can send out 2093 degree; 1570 yuan of electricity incomes; Steam heat accounts for 60%, 4 tons of producing steams, and steam price per ton is 280 yuan (in Guangdong be 400 yuan with the gas cost of rock gas steam per ton); Add up to 1120 yuan, two add up to 2690 yuan.Deduction charcoal processing cost, living beings per ton have been rised in value 845 yuan.

The biomass charcoal powder equipment of spraying into can adopt coal dust steam boiler general on the market (like the 75 tons of boilers in boiler plant, Changsha, model: CSG75-3.82/450-T).

Claims

1. biomass generation method; It is characterized in that: comprise the steps: A, pyrolysis charring: biomass material is put into pyrolyzing furnace carry out pyrolysis; Pyrolysis temperature is controlled at 200～300 ℃, and biomass decomposition becomes biomass carbon, and the fugitive constituent of biomass carbon is more than 25%; B, grinding and processing: the biomass carbon of " steps A " is pulverized, be processed into 50～200 purpose powdered carbons through grinding machine; C: spray into burning, just the powdered carbon of " step B " sprays into the steam boiler internal combustion, produces high pressure steam, promotes the steam turbine rotation and generates electricity.