CN101892084A - Large-scale fixed bed biomass gasification furnace and production process of gas with low oxygen content - Google Patents
Large-scale fixed bed biomass gasification furnace and production process of gas with low oxygen content Download PDFInfo
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- CN101892084A CN101892084A CN2010102513865A CN201010251386A CN101892084A CN 101892084 A CN101892084 A CN 101892084A CN 2010102513865 A CN2010102513865 A CN 2010102513865A CN 201010251386 A CN201010251386 A CN 201010251386A CN 101892084 A CN101892084 A CN 101892084A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biomass (especially briquette straw) gasification furnace, in particular a fixed bed gasification furnace with an anticorrosion liner which can effectively prevent corrosion of alkali metals on the furnace wall. The gasification furnace comprises a charging device (1), a gas discharge port (2), a furnace body (3), a grate (4), a dust discharge port (5), an air inlet (6) and the like. The raw material is continuously added from the upper part and moves downwards under the action of gravitation to form a stable reduction layer (completely reacts with oxygen in air), and slag is discharged from the bottom; and air enters from the lower part, and gas is discharged from the upper part. The inner diameter of the gasification furnace is 3 m, the height is more than 3 m, and the gasification intensity is at least 100 m<3>/(m<2>h). The carbon conversion rate of the gasification furnace can reach 95%, and the oxygen content of gas can be below 0.6%. The invention has the advantages of high production capacity, long operating cycle and good gas quality, and can be used for combustion or power generation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the production technique of large-scale fixed bed biomass gasification furnace and gas with low oxygen content, belong to the gasifying biomass field.
Background technology
The energy and environmental problem have become the focus that the whole world is paid close attention at present.Conventional energy resources (as coal, oil and natural gas) is exhaustion and serious environment pollution day by day, and it is very important therefore to develop clean renewable energy source.Biomass are as the renewable energy source of unique stored transportation, and its efficient conversion and clean utilization are subjected to global attention day by day.China's biomass resource is abundant, and theoretical annual production is about 5,000,000,000 tons, and only the annual production of agricultural crop straw reaches more than 700,000,000 tons, amounts to 300,000,000 tons of standard coals approximately.But China is very unreasonable to the use-pattern of straw from village biomass at present, and great majority adopt direct incendiary mode to be used, and thermo-efficiency very low (＜10%) is not only wasted resource but also harm environmental protection.Utilizing efficient transformation technology, is Wood Adhesives from Biomass that clean fuel or electric power will become the inexorable trend that people from now on utilize biomass energy.
Gasifying biomass is one of the important channel that primary energy source is converted into the secondary energy of cleaning, and its product is mainly fuel gas, can be synthetic gas and hydrogen etc. through advanced treatment also.Biomass gasification technology is used in heat supply and concerned power has a wide range of applications, and vapourizing furnace is the key equipment of gasifying biomass, and the verify follow-up purification and use most important of combustion gas product.For this reason, people have developed various types of vapourizing furnaces and production technique.Fixed-bed gasification furnace is the main type of furnace of present gasifying biomass.Foreign biomolecule matter gasification installation is generally larger at present, the level of automation height, and technology is advanced, and gasification efficiency can reach more than 60%.China's biomass gasification technology is started late, but development is very fast.As the ND series of biologic matter vapourizing furnace of China Academy of Agriculture Mechanization's development, wherein ND-600 type vapourizing furnace has carried out the production run of long period, and has obtained certain benefit; The rice husk vapourizing furnace that Wujiang, Jiangsu county produces utilizes the tankage of rice mill to drive generating set, and power reaches 160 kilowatts, has reached the practical stage; Guangzhou energy institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has done a large amount of tests to gasification principle, the material reaction performance of updraft type biomass gasifying furnace, and develops GSQ type vapourizing furnace; The XFL series straw gasification stove of Shandong Energy Research Institute development has also obtained certain social, economic benefit in the application of rural area central gas supply; The Dalian City Environmental Science ﹠ Design Inst is heated up in a steamer pyrolysis gasifying device with the LZ series of biologic matter thousand of development and has been built up the biomass pyrolytic source mill that can use combustion gas for the life of 1000 peasant familys; The QL-50 of Yunnan Province's development, experiment and demonstration has been carried out with biomass gasifying furnace in 60 type families by technical evaluation and in the rural area.But at present these fixed-bed gasification furnaces mostly exist stove footpath less (＜2m), intermittently reinforced, throughput is low, the problem that thermo-efficiency and gasification intensity are low can not realize the mass-producing utilization, heat supply nearby, the economic benefit that can not produce.And gained combustion gas oxygen level height (＞1%), the low (＜5MJ/m of fuel gases calorific value
3), be unfavorable for follow-up purification and application.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the defective of above-mentioned reaction unit, provide a kind of continuous charging, thermo-efficiency and gasification intensity high extensive vapourizing furnace, and, make gained combustion gas oxygen level low by optimizing internal structure and operational condition, the calorific value height is to satisfy the requirement of follow-up deep processing and utilization.
Condition is relevant because the quality of gasifying biomass effect, the gas-solid that forms with the coupling of biomass physico-chemical property and gasification furnace structure and size contact.With the coal facies ratio, biomass (particularly stalk) mostly exist tap density little, naturally pile up big (in vapourizing furnace, be easy to generate bridges formation, the phenomenon of boring a hole), the charcoal physical strength is low (can not keep original shape, in responding layer, form the cavity easily, cause the air-flow skewness) and the low shortcomings such as (＜1050 ℃, the dry ash extraction difficulty) of ash fusion point.Moreover the biomass fixed-bed gasification furnace structure is too simple at present, can only intermittently feed in raw material, and air-flow distributes evenly very difficult.Above-mentioned two kinds of disadvantages influence each other, and it is bad to make that gas-solid contacts, and gasification efficiency and thermo-efficiency are low, and air can because of " short circuit " phenomenon make part oxygen have neither part nor lot in reaction promptly to leave vapourizing furnace, cause in the combustion gas oxygen level higher.When the vapourizing furnace size strengthened, above-mentioned phenomenon was more serious, and this is to cause one of major reason that biomass gasification technology can not mass-producing.In addition, because biomass alkali metal content higher (usually ash in contain more than 30%) as directly contacting with metal shell, will corrode the furnace wall, shortening stove work-ing life.Must take corresponding measure these problems that just can be resolved.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of biomass (particularly moulding stalk) vapourizing furnace, especially extensive fixed bed biomass gasification furnace, it is characterized in that: described vapourizing furnace has Corrosion resistant linings (can effectively prevent the corrosion of basic metal to the furnace wall), preferred fixed-bed gasification furnace.
According to the present invention, described vapourizing furnace comprises feeding device (1), body of heater (3) and fire grate (4).
According to the present invention, described vapourizing furnace also further comprises combustion gas relief outlet (2), ash discharging hole (5) and and air intlet (6).
Said vapourizing furnace internal diameter is determined according to the needs of throughput, generally speaking, can be set to the 1-10m scope, preferred 2-8m; More preferably 3-6m, 3-3.5m most preferably, height is more than 1m, more than the preferred 2m, more preferably more than the 3m.
According to the preferred embodiments of the invention, the aspect ratio of vapourizing furnace body of heater (being the height of vapourizing furnace and the diameter ratio of vapourizing furnace) is set to 0.5-4, is preferably 1-3, more preferably 1.5-2.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein said fire grate is the heat resisting iron material.Fire grate is located on the blast pipe, and the bottom links to each other with rotatable tray in use.Fire grate of the present invention both had been used for ash discharge, also as gas distribution grid, made gas stream in the stove even, was beneficial to gasification reaction and carried out smoothly.
According to the preferred embodiments of the invention, the raw material bed is divided into from bottom to top in the vapourizing furnace stove: grieshoch, zone of oxidation, reducing zone, destructive distillation layer and drying layer.Corrosion protective lining can be arranged on the interior arbitrary layer of vapourizing furnace, preferably is arranged on zone of oxidation, reducing zone and the destructive distillation layer, more preferably is arranged on the zone of oxidation, and most preferably high-temperature area is provided with corrosion protective lining near zone of oxidation.Described impregnating material is optional from siliceous impregnating material, adopts corrosion protective lining can effectively prevent the corrosion of alkali metal to metal shell, prolongs converter life.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is characterized in that, utilize bunker gate, metered charge device and metering air locking device are realized the continuously feeding of vapourizing furnace, thereby improve throughput.
According to another technical scheme of the present invention, it is realized in the following way:
A kind of production technique of gas with low oxygen content is characterized in that with moulding biomass (especially stalk) be raw material, adds (this raw material relies on gravity to move down) continuously from vapourizing furnace top, and air enters vapourizing furnace by the bottom adverse current.
According to preferred version of the present invention, wherein said production technique also comprises is discharged lime-ash by the bottom, and combustion gas is discharged by top.
According to preferred version of the present invention, top of gasification furnace pyrolytic layer and drying layer utilize gas waste-heat to heat up, and reduce pyrolysis temperature degree; The bottom air abundance, the zone of oxidation burning is fully; Fire grate and lime-ash are subjected to air cooling, are convenient to the ash discharge stable operation.The air flow quantity that the optimization bottom blasts and the ratio of feeding quantity make to form stable reducing zone in the vapourizing furnace, fully reacts with oxygen.
According to another preferred version of the present invention, it is characterized in that: by regulating the air flow quantity that the bottom blasts and the ratio and the troubled water of feeding quantity, make and form stable reducing zone in the vapourizing furnace, fully react with oxygen, to export the combustion gas oxygen level below 0.6%, be convenient to purifying treatment, improve the combustion gas quality.
Preferred production technique is characterized in that according to the present invention, and biomass material adds from the feeding device (1) on vapourizing furnace top continuously.Air enters vapourizing furnace by air intlet (6) adverse current of bottom.Lime-ash is discharged by the ash discharging hole (5) of bottom.Combustion gas is discharged by the combustion gas relief outlet (2) on top.
According to the present invention, as biomass material, preferred moulding stalk can be compressed into size homogeneous, density height (1g/cm with it by molding device
3More than), material piece that physical strength is high.The biomass of moulding can be evenly distributed in vapourizing furnace, and are beneficial to the raising of throughput.
Vapourizing furnace of the present invention is by top charging and exhaust (combustion gas), and slag tap in the bottom and air inlet (air),, realization material and gas reaction are stablized continuously and are carried out, and are convenient to size and amplify, and realize mass-producing.Biomass fixed-bed gasification furnace of the present invention can be used for extensive heat supply, also can be used for the oil engine power generation assembly.
This vapourizing furnace is compared with existing gasification installation, and scale is big, and the combustion gas oxygen level is low, and the level of automation height, and is simple to operate, easy to utilize.The overall thermal efficiency of vapourizing furnace of the present invention and gasification efficiency height (all can reach more than 70%, preferred more than 75%, more preferably more than 80%), gasification intensity is at least 100m
3/ (m
2H), preferred 300kg/ (m
2H) more than, belong to extensive vapourizing furnace.The vapourizing furnace efficiency of carbon conversion can reach more than 95%, and is preferred more than 96%, and the combustion gas oxygen level can be low to moderate below 0.6%, and preferred below 0.5%, fuel gases calorific value is higher, and throughput is big, and the operational cycle is long, and the combustion gas quality better is convenient to deep purifying and utilization.
Fixed-bed gasification furnace of the present invention has very significant advantage:
(1) mode of employing continuously feeding, the vapourizing furnace internal diameter is 2-3.5m, and is stable, and throughput is big, and the gasification intensity height is convenient to mass-producing and is used.
(2) gas (air or combustion gas) and reverse contact of solid (raw material or ash) on the macroscopic view can effectively improve thermo-efficiency, make combustion gas cooling and ash cooling, are convenient to subsequent disposal, make the heating of air and raw material, are convenient to reaction and dry.
(3) the rotatable fire grate of employing, holding concurrently is gas distribution grid, simple in structure effectively air-flow is evenly distributed, and is beneficial to gas and contacts also fully reaction with solid materials, reduces oxygen level in the fuel gas.
(4) charging after the straw biomass compressed moulding can effectively improve the charging degree of uniformity, and improves the sound field ability.
(5) in view of the high characteristics of biomass alkali metal content, for preventing metallic corrosion, adopt corrosion protective lining, effectively prolong furnace life, make the use of vapourizing furnace to prolong at least 10 years, preferred more than 15 years.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of fixed bed biomass gasification furnace.
The implication of each Reference numeral is as follows among the figure:
1---feeding unit; 2---the combustion gas relief outlet; 3---body of heater; 4---fire grate; 5---ash discharging hole;
6---air intlet
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the invention is described further.
As shown in Figure 1, the body of heater of the said vapourizing furnace of the present invention (3) is a molectron, is made up of the lining of outer layer metal housing and the fire-resistant alkali prevention metallic corrosion of internal layer.The vapourizing furnace internal diameter is 2-4m, and aspect ratio is 0.5-2.Top of gasification furnace is established feeding unit (1), comprises bunker gate, and metered charge device and metering air locking device can be realized continuously feeding.Top of gasification furnace is established gas emission mouth (2), after can connect that all gases purifies and the deep processing device.Vapourizing furnace fire grate (4) is cast for heat resisting iron, and fire grate is located on the blast pipe, and the bottom links to each other with rotatable tray in use, both has been used for ash discharge, also as gas distribution grid, makes gas stream in the stove even.Ash exhauster (5) comprises scraper and ash-pan, can effectively ash be discharged out of the furnace.The vapourizing furnace bottom is provided with air intlet (6), also can advance oxygen enrichment or pure oxygen.The vapourizing furnace body of heater also is provided with some other annexes.
Said fixed-bed gasification furnace is a raw material with the compressed moulding straw biomass, and biomass humidity is 5-15%.Can air during material gasification, oxygen enrichment or pure oxygen be vaporized chemical, gas carbon is than being 1.2-1.8m
3/ kg, preferred 1.3-1.6m
3/ kg, more preferably 1.48-1.5m
3/ kg; Service temperature is 1100-1200 ℃, more preferably 1115-1160 ℃, and also more preferably 1120-1150 ℃.The fuel gases calorific value of producing more than 6MJ/kg, oxygen level is below 0.6%, more preferably below 0.5%, sulphur, cl content are extremely low, are convenient to purification, deep processing and utilization, are beneficial to environmental protection.
Embodiment
The biomass gasifying furnace that is used to generate electricity, stove internal diameter are 3m, and height is 3m, and a day processing compressed moulding rice straw is about 50 tons, is oxygenant with the air, and gas carbon is than being 1.48m
3/ kg, the Wood Adhesives from Biomass rate is 98.7%, gasification intensity is 298kg/m
2H, outlet combustion gas oxygen level is＜0.5%, and this vapourizing furnace excellent property is described, and the fuel gas product quality is good, and effect is remarkable.
Claims (13)
1. an extensive fixed bed biomass gasification furnace is characterized in that, described vapourizing furnace body of heater has Corrosion resistant linings.
2. vapourizing furnace according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described vapourizing furnace comprises feeding device (1), body of heater (3) and fire grate (4)
3. vapourizing furnace according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described vapourizing furnace also further comprises combustion gas relief outlet (2), ash discharging hole (5) and air intlet (6).
4. according to each vapourizing furnace of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that the aspect ratio of described vapourizing furnace body of heater is 0.5-4, be preferably 1-3, more preferably 1.5-2.
5. according to each vapourizing furnace of claim 2-4, wherein said fire grate is the heat resisting iron material.
6. according to each vapourizing furnace of claim 2-5, it is characterized in that described fire grate is located on the blast pipe, the bottom links to each other with rotatable tray in use.
7. according to each vapourizing furnace of claim 1-6, it is characterized in that corrosion protective lining is arranged on zone of oxidation, reducing zone and the destructive distillation layer, more preferably be arranged on the zone of oxidation, most preferably be arranged near high-temperature area zone of oxidation.
8. according to each vapourizing furnace of claim 1-7, it is characterized in that described feeding device (1) comprises bunker gate, metered charge device and metering air locking device.
9. the production technique of a gas with low oxygen content is characterized in that, is raw material with biomass (especially stalk), adds from vapourizing furnace top continuously, and air enters each vapourizing furnace of claim 1-8 by the bottom adverse current.
10. according to the production technique of claim 9, wherein also comprise lime-ash is discharged by the bottom, the step that combustion gas is discharged by top.
11. the production technique according to claim 9 or 10 is characterized in that: by regulating the air flow quantity and the ratio and the troubled water of feeding quantity that the bottom blasts, make the stable reducing zone of formation in the vapourizing furnace, fully react with oxygen.
12., it is characterized in that biomass material is selected from the moulding stalk according to each production technique of claim 9-11.
13., it is characterized in that biomass material adds from the feeding device (1) on vapourizing furnace top continuously according to each production technique of claim 9-12.Air enters vapourizing furnace by air intlet (6) adverse current of bottom.Lime-ash is discharged by the ash discharging hole (5) of bottom.Combustion gas is discharged by the combustion gas relief outlet (2) on top.
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| CN2010102513865A CN101892084A (en) | 2010-08-09 | 2010-08-09 | Large-scale fixed bed biomass gasification furnace and production process of gas with low oxygen content |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN103740408A (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2014-04-23 | 河南金土地煤气工程有限公司 | Pure-oxygen gasification device of biomass fixed bed |
| CN104152182A (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2014-11-19 | 潘凡峰 | Biomass gasification power generation method |
| CN109370652A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-02-22 | 马鞍山沐及信息科技有限公司 | A kind of gasification burner |
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Application publication date: 20101124 |