CN1102632C - biomass midheat value gasifying system - Google Patents
biomass midheat value gasifying system Download PDFInfo
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- CN1102632C CN1102632C CN99106816A CN99106816A CN1102632C CN 1102632 C CN1102632 C CN 1102632C CN 99106816 A CN99106816 A CN 99106816A CN 99106816 A CN99106816 A CN 99106816A CN 1102632 C CN1102632 C CN 1102632C
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 208000012839 conversion disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007233 catalytic pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011464 hollow brick Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 15
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 12
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000675108 Citrus tangerina Species 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003500 flue dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 208000021267 infertility disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011173 large scale experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a biomass medium heat value gasifying system. Biomass raw materials cut into small sections are conveyed into a gasifying furnace through a hoisting machine; the biomass raw materials are converted into combustible gas with a medium heat value through a dividing wall type heating and pyrolysis gasification reaction; through a catalytic cracking CO reducing system, water is removed, and residual tar and impurities in fuel gas are removed by a separator and a secondary combustible gas cooler; the tar enters a tar settler, most of the produced combustible gas is provided for users, and a small amount of combustible gas provides heat for the gasifying furnace through combustion by a burner and a combustion chamber; and semi coke discharged by the gasifying furnace is sent into a field. The present invention has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost, easy maintenance, low operation cost, etc.
Description
The present invention relates to calorific value gasification system in the biomass.
Biomass energy can be converted in the technological process of multi-form high-quality energy form various, gasification utilization is a kind of comparatively ripe, more potential technology.Because biomass material has very high-volatile, the reactive behavior of biomass coke is also apparently higher than coal tar, thereby is particularly suitable for gasifying process.It is the inflammable gas-coal gas of main component that gasifying process can be converted into biomass material with hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, carbonic acid gas, and this gas can quite used as geseous fuel in the extensive fields.
There is more than 750,000 village in the whole nation at present, more than 600,000,000 ton of stalk, if use this technology 1/3 using of the discarded and rice straw that burns in the whole nation, straw at present, can save nearly about 100,000,000 tons soft stalk, but more than 100 hundred million yuan of save energy resources, but about 1.4 hundred million tons of reducing emission of carbon dioxide, 140 tons of sulfurous gas, 1,000,000 tons of flue dust, and can improve the usefulness energy grade in rural area, improve living environment, have considerable energy saving, environmental protection and social benefit.
According to the research of present various countries to gasifying biomass, low-heat value gas gasification scheme is representative with the air gasification technological line.Gasification is to make the part biological raw material burn heat supply and gasifying medium is provided to blast air.This in general technical matters is simple, and the gas production cost is low, but because airborne nitrogen is sneaked in the coal gas inevitably, caloric power of gas can only be remained at low levels, greatly about 3.5~7.8MJ/Nm
3In the scope.This class technological development gets comparatively ripe, but because it can only produce low-heat value gas, has limited application greatly.The low-heat value gas energy content is low, and combustion flame temperature is low, and it is that the power and the load with the equipment of gas of fuel is restricted with it that these defectives can make various; And low heat value can make the conveying of geseous fuel become very uneconomical.Middle calorific value gasifying process route adopts indirect heating or drum oxygen to burn provides gasification institute heat requirement, the coal gas of calorific value in the production.This technology has been got rid of sneaking into of nitrogen in the coal gas, with and make its calorific value can reach 11~20MJ/Nm
3There is not the variety of issue that is run in those low-heat value gas application in this coal gas, thereby has quite wide application prospect.It is complicated that certain this technology is wanted technically.
For replenishing energy deficiency and improving environment is reason, and developing country and developed country have all carried out the Study on Biomass Energy Utilization Technologies and the application of all multipaths, and particularly exploitation has dropped into a large amount of research efforts especially to biomass gasification technology.There are Sweden, the U.S., Italy, Germany etc. in the country that has the top standard in this field.From early eighties, be that the west industrially developed country of representative has just launched large-scale research work in this respect with the U.S..The BTC (Biomass ThermochemicalConversion) that subsidizes in USDOE has proposed the engineering proposal of many gasifying biomass, and has carried out extensive studies with regard to their reliability, economy in the works.And four kinds of more outstanding middle calorific values gasification schemes such as the pressure fluidized-bed gasification furnace of the fluidized-bed gasification furnace of circulating fluidized bed double bed solid thermal carriers vapourizing furnace, inner heat exchanger heat supply, drum oxygen and downdraft drum oxygen fixed-bed gasification furnace have been set up respectively day handled the large-scale experiment industry demonstration project of material quantity in 9~20 tons of scopes.These technical schemes have all experienced the test that works long hours, and function situation is good.The U.S. developed the biomass integrated gasification stove one gas turbine generating system suite of equipment that adopts circulating fluidized bed technique in recent years energetically, had realized efficient, the clean utilization of biomass.Recently, a pressurized gasification system is just being built in U.S.'s coal gas technology meeting (IGT) in Hawaii, checking sugarcane gasification technology.
Sweden's industry is flourishing, and the forest reserves are abundant, and the conventional energy resources natural resources shortage so pay much attention to the development and use of biomass energy, encourages to adopt advanced gasification technology, carries out gasifying electricity generation and heat supply etc. to make full use of agroforestry resistates and municipal wastes etc. as raw material.This state scientific research institution has been devoted to circulating fluid bed type vapourizing furnace and the research of pressurized gasification power generation system at present, Bilflwo co-partnership company (comprising Finland, the Ahlstrom of biomass gasifying furnace manufactory) and Sydkrart company (the second largest Utilities Electric Co. of Sweden), build up 6MW gasifying biomass-GTCC district heating thermoelectric power station at Sweden Varnamo at the beginning of 1993, employing be the biomass gasifying furnace of Finland forestry company's T ampella company development.In addition, Canada has put the biomass gasifying furnace product of some models on market, is fuel with sawmilling, wood chip, paper pulp, shell and grain processing tankage.Produce coal gas, drive the oil engine generating, can reduce generating, can reduce by 50% cost of electricity-generating.
In recent years, developing country is low owing to forest coverage, and biomass are inefficient utilizes waste serious, also begins to pay attention to utilizing the research and extension work of agricultural processing waste utilization gradually.Build up the downdraft vapourizing furnace as Bangladesh and put into operation, India abounds with paddy, just is being devoted to the gasification technology exploitation of rice husk, and Malaysia is with the fixed bed gasification generating, and Thailand is just carrying out and utilizes the fluidized bed combustion research of rice husk for fuel.
Since the eighties, how tame colleges and universities in the whole nation and scientific research institution are obtaining a series of important achievement aspect development biomass gasification technology and the device in succession.Downdraft DN series of biologic matter vapourizing furnace as the exploitation of Chinese agricultural machinery institute is applied to dry tealeaves, timber, feed and heat supply, heating etc., the early 1990s, again according to the market requirement, develops useful small evaporator stove.The Guangzhou energy has been developed the updraft type vapourizing furnace, and gasification principle, material reaction performance etc. has been done a large amount of tests, again the updraft type vapourizing furnace is improved, and is used for boiler heat supplying.Relevant manufacturer production such as Sichuan, Jiangsu a collection of rice husk vapourizing furnace, utilize the rice husk of rice mill to gasify, drive generator for electricity generation, accomplish that resource reclaims, turns waste into wealth.In addition, the Shandong energy is developed the fixed-bed gasification furnace that uses agricultural crop straw (based on cornstalk), and through the pyrolysis aerogenesis, successfully the villager to more than 50 pilot villages serves piped gas.Above-mentioned several form vapourizing furnace all utilizes air gasification explained hereafter 5MJ/Nm
3Left and right sides fuel gas with low heat value.In order to improve calorific value, Guangzhou energy institute, smelting institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Environmental Science Institute, Zhejiang University etc. have all carried out the ciculation fluidized bed gasification technology research that utilizes biomass energy (based on rice husk) during " eight or five ", adopt pure oxygen or double-fluidized-bed gasification to produce medium calorific value gas, finish the laboratory study stage.But the report that utilizes the rice straw gasification is not also arranged at present.Zhejiang University just is devoted to biomass gasification technology research as far back as beginning in 1988, at the central gas supply system that gasifies of calorific value in the actual kind biomass that proposed suitable different user needs of Chinese countryside, to burn and the gasification combination, produce medium calorific value gas and steam, make that solid and gaseous constituent are rationally utilized the fuel availability height in the fuel.And rice husk rice straw etc. carried out a large amount of basic researchs.
In sum, compare with the developed country biomass gasification technology, China is backward relatively in this respect at present, still rest on a few demonstration unit at present at gasifying biomass aspect the practical application especially, and mainly be on a small scale, the fixed bed type, problems such as it is low to exist fuel gases calorific value, and fuel availability is low, and gas-purification is not thorough, in addition, up to the present, the existing Demonstration Application of China is all at sorghum rod, hard straws such as wood chip are to straw, the application of soft straw such as straw is still blank, main high basic metal easily causes conglomeration in the gasification, and combustion process because contain very in the rice straw, influences system's operation.
The purpose of this invention is to provide calorific value gasification system in a kind of biomass.
The utility model is taked following measures in order to achieve the above object:
Calorific value gasification system in a kind of biomass, be characterised in that the biomass material that is cut into segment sends into vapourizing furnace by lift, calorific value inflammable gas in passing through the dividing wall type heating and the pyrolytic gasification reaction conversions becoming, after falling the CO system by catalytic pyrolysis, through separator and secondary combustible gas water cooler, dehydration and remove residue tar and the impurity that contains in the combustion gas, tar enters the tar settling pool, the inflammable gas that produces is most of for the user, a small amount of combustible gas is given the vapourizing furnace heat supply through burner and combustion chambers burn, and the semicoke that vapourizing furnace is discharged is the field also.
Calorific value gasification system in the another kind of biomass, be characterised in that the biomass material that is cut into segment sends into vapourizing furnace by lift, calorific value inflammable gas in passing through the dividing wall type heating and the pyrolytic gasification reaction conversions becoming, after falling the CO system by catalytic pyrolysis, through separator and secondary combustible gas water cooler, dehydration and remove residue tar and the impurity that contains in the combustion gas, tar enters the tar settling pool, the inflammable gas that produces is most of for the user, the semicoke that vapourizing furnace is discharged is the field also, and a small amount of semicoke advances combustion chambers burn and gives the vapourizing furnace heat supply.
Advantage of the present invention:
1. the calorific value gasification system can utilize simple technology to realize need gasifying than the middle calorific value that complex technology could be realized usually in these biomass, have simple in structure, cost is low, be easy to maintenance, running cost is low.
2. can utilize soft tangerine bar such as rice bar to make gasified raw material, adopt technology such as control operating parameter to solve straw conglomeration problem, this all is precedent at home in the world.
3. adopt cracking catalytic conversion technique in the tar stove, make the tar major part be converted into coal gas, can reduce coal-tar middle oil content of coal gas and CO content greatly; CO content<20% in the combustion gas wherein, tar content<50mg/m
3
4. Xian Jin efficient scroll dividing wall type heating system, starting velocity is fast, and aerogenesis is stable, the fuel gases calorific value height.
5. can adopt electricity igniting and self-emptying automatically, realize automated system operation, easy to operate, simple.
6. biomass material is converted into medium calorific value gas and infertile field coke, a stove fecund, the utilization ratio of fuel is greater than 80%.
Elaborate below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is a calorific value gasification central gas supply system conceptual scheme in the I type biomass;
Fig. 2 is a calorific value gasification central gas supply system conceptual scheme in the II type biomass;
Fig. 3 is a calorific value gasification furnace structure synoptic diagram in the biomass;
Fig. 4 is a calorific value gasification furnace structure sectional view in the biomass.
Calorific value gasification system in a kind of biomass, be characterised in that the biomass material that is cut into segment sends into vapourizing furnace 10 by lift 9, calorific value inflammable gas in passing through the dividing wall type heating and the pyrolytic gasification reaction conversions becoming, after falling CO system 8 by catalytic pyrolysis, through separator 7 and secondary combustible gas water cooler 5, dehydration and remove residue tar and the impurity that contains in the combustion gas, tar enters tar settling pool 6, the inflammable gas major part that produces pumps into gas-holder 1 for the user by the gas pump 4 of setting up coal gas circulation loop 3 through water seal 2, a small amount of combustible gas is given the vapourizing furnace heat supply through burner 12 and combustion chamber 11 burnings, its flue gas is through air preheater 13, washing water tank 14, induced draft fan 15 is effluxed by chimney 16, and the semicoke that vapourizing furnace is discharged is the field also.
Calorific value gasification system in the another kind of biomass, be characterised in that the biomass material that is cut into segment sends into vapourizing furnace 10 by lift 9, calorific value inflammable gas in passing through the dividing wall type heating and the pyrolytic gasification reaction conversions becoming, after falling CO system 8 by catalytic pyrolysis, through separator 7 and secondary combustible gas water cooler 5, dehydration and remove residue tar and the impurity that contains in the combustion gas, tar enters tar settling pool 6, the most of inflammable gas of the inflammable gas that produces pumps into gas-holder 1 for the user by the gas pump 4 of setting up coal gas circulation loop 3 through water seal 2, the semicoke that vapourizing furnace is discharged is the field also, a small amount of semicoke advances combustion chamber 11 burnings and gives the vapourizing furnace heat supply, its flue gas is through air preheater 13, washing water tank 14, induced draft fan 15 is effluxed by chimney 16.
Above-mentioned vapourizing furnace has the vapourizing furnace body section that is built into by refractory, hollow brick 20, its inner hollow, the centre is provided with stirring rod 25, vapourizing furnace body section upper end is provided with former hopper 26, former hopper is provided with opening for feed 17 and combustible gas outlet 18, vapourizing furnace body section lower end is provided with drawing mechanism 23 and semicoke case 22, and semicoke or combustible gas make progress through hot gas approach 21 and refractory, hollow brick 20 intermediary flue gas flow channels at the hot flue gas that combustion chambers burn produces, and are discharged by exhanst gas outlet 19 at last.Biomass material carries out the dividing wall type heat exchange by furnace wall and hot flue gas, and calorific value inflammable gas in the pyrolytic gasification reaction conversions one-tenth takes place.
Claims (4)
1. calorific value gasification system in the biomass, it is characterized in that the biomass material that is cut into segment sends into vapourizing furnace [10] by lift [9], calorific value inflammable gas in passing through the dividing wall type heating and the pyrolytic gasification reaction conversions becoming, after falling CO system [8] by catalytic pyrolysis, through separator [7] and secondary combustible gas water cooler [5], dehydration and remove residue tar and the impurity that contains in the combustion gas, tar enters tar settling pool [6], the inflammable gas that produces is most of for the user, a small amount of combustible gas is given the vapourizing furnace heat supply through burner [12] and combustion chamber [11] burning, and the semicoke that vapourizing furnace is discharged is the field also.
2. calorific value gasification system in a kind of biomass according to claim 1, it is characterized in that said vapourizing furnace has the vapourizing furnace body section that is built into by refractory, hollow brick [20], its inner hollow, the centre is provided with stirring rod [25], vapourizing furnace body section upper end is provided with former hopper [26], former hopper is provided with opening for feed [17] and combustible gas outlet [18], vapourizing furnace body section lower end is provided with drawing mechanism [23] and semicoke case [22], semicoke or combustible gas make progress through hot gas approach [21] and refractory, hollow brick [20] intermediary flue gas flow channel at the hot flue gas that combustion chambers burn produces, discharge by exhanst gas outlet [19] at last, biomass material carries out the dividing wall type heat exchange by furnace wall and hot flue gas, and calorific value inflammable gas in the pyrolytic gasification reaction conversions one-tenth takes place.
3. calorific value gasification system in the biomass, it is characterized in that the biomass material that is cut into segment sends into vapourizing furnace [10] by lift [9], calorific value inflammable gas in passing through the dividing wall type heating and the pyrolytic gasification reaction conversions becoming, after falling CO system [8] by catalytic pyrolysis, through separator [7] and secondary combustible gas water cooler [5], dehydration and remove residue tar and the impurity that contains in the combustion gas, tar enters tar settling pool [6], the inflammable gas that produces is most of for the user, the semicoke that vapourizing furnace is discharged is the field also, and a small amount of semicoke advances combustion chambers burn and gives the vapourizing furnace heat supply.
4. calorific value gasification system in a kind of biomass according to claim 3, it is characterized in that said vapourizing furnace has the vapourizing furnace body section that is built into by refractory, hollow brick [20], its inner hollow, the centre is provided with stirring rod [25], vapourizing furnace body section upper end is provided with former hopper [26], former hopper is provided with opening for feed [17] and combustible gas outlet [18], vapourizing furnace body section lower end is provided with drawing mechanism [23] and semicoke case [22], semicoke or combustible gas make progress through hot gas approach [21] and refractory, hollow brick [20] intermediary flue gas flow channel at the hot flue gas that combustion chambers burn produces, discharge by exhanst gas outlet [19] at last, biomass material carries out the dividing wall type heat exchange by furnace wall and hot flue gas, and calorific value inflammable gas in the pyrolytic gasification reaction conversions one-tenth takes place.
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CN100434801C (en) * | 2006-09-22 | 2008-11-19 | 广州广重企业集团有限公司 | Stalks boiler fuel treating method and equipment |
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CN101407722B (en) * | 2008-10-10 | 2011-11-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Biomass high temperature pyrolysis and gasification and high temperature pyrolysis gas catalytic purification process |
US8449724B2 (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2013-05-28 | Andritz Technology And Asset Management Gmbh | Method and system for the torrefaction of lignocellulosic material |
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CN102936507B (en) * | 2012-11-05 | 2014-07-16 | 北京华电光大新能源环保技术有限公司 | Poly-generation device and method for biomass pyrolysis |
CN104232170A (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2014-12-24 | 黄熙瑜 | Comprehensive utilization method of biomass energy |
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CN2252813Y (en) * | 1996-05-16 | 1997-04-23 | 中国科学院化工冶金研究所 | Carrier circulating biological pyrolysis gasifying unit |
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CN2252813Y (en) * | 1996-05-16 | 1997-04-23 | 中国科学院化工冶金研究所 | Carrier circulating biological pyrolysis gasifying unit |
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CN100434801C (en) * | 2006-09-22 | 2008-11-19 | 广州广重企业集团有限公司 | Stalks boiler fuel treating method and equipment |
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