CN101407722B - Biomass high temperature pyrolysis and gasification and high temperature pyrolysis gas catalytic purification process - Google Patents
Biomass high temperature pyrolysis and gasification and high temperature pyrolysis gas catalytic purification process Download PDFInfo
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- CN101407722B CN101407722B CN2008101372862A CN200810137286A CN101407722B CN 101407722 B CN101407722 B CN 101407722B CN 2008101372862 A CN2008101372862 A CN 2008101372862A CN 200810137286 A CN200810137286 A CN 200810137286A CN 101407722 B CN101407722 B CN 101407722B
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Abstract
The invention discloses a biomass high-temperature pyrolysis catalytic and gasification purification system. The invention uses high-temperature flue gas (as high as 2,000 DEG C) produced after high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion of liquefied petroleum gas or natural gas as an internal heat source of a pyrolysis oven. After pyrolysis, the content of tar in the pyrolysis gas of biomass is low and the temperature of the pyrolysis gas at the outlet of the pyrolysis oven reaches as high as 1,200 DEG C; dolomite powder is jetted into the catalytic cracking reactor for catalytic cracking to further reduce the tar content; minimal residual tar in the fuel gas is totally condensed in a high-temperature air heat accumulator. As the fuel gas channel of the high-temperature air heat accumulator and the air channel can be mutually switched, the condensed tar is brought by air into the combustor and burnt. The biomass high-temperature pyrolysis and gasification and high-temperature pyrolysis gas catalytic purification system consists of two biomass pyrolysis ovens, a residual carbon gasification oven, the catalytic cracking reactor, the high-temperature air heat accumulator and a combustor. Without using the water washing method for tar removal, the invention solves the tar pollution problem of biomass pyrolysis and gasification, improves the combustion value of biomass fuel gas and is beneficial to industrialization.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the technical field of biomass thermal chemical conversion and energy, be specifically related to the system that biomass high temperature pyrolysis and high temperature pyrolysis gas catalytic purification remove tar, produce clean gas.
Background technology:
Enter into 21 century, the global environment problem, the globalization Greenhouse effect that particularly carbonic acid gas caused are serious all the more, as long as the human consumption fossil oil that continues, the accumulation of carbonic acid gas just can not get alleviating in the atmosphere.Simultaneously, fossil energy has limited produced quantity, though by exploration and discover new oil fields, new gas field, new coalfield and rely on progress of science and technology to improve their recovery ratio, can alleviate the speed of fossil energy exhaustion, but now really to beginning to break away from the epoch that rely on fossil resource.An effective measure that suppresses the globalization Greenhouse effect is to use renewable energy source to substitute fossil oil.Biomass have specificity in renewable energy source, because have only biomass to have storageability, can transform fuel or chemical feedstocks by the effect of electric power or heat.Utilizing in the technology of biomass energy, biomass gasification technology is a kind ofly by thermal chemical reaction solid-state biomass to be converted to the process of geseous fuel, and its gaseous product not only can be used for generating but also can be used for central heating.It is the subject matter that present biomass gasification technology faces that but traditional biomass gasification technology exists problems, particularly tar content height such as the coal-tar middle oil content height of combustion gas, thermal value are low, no matter is used for generating or air feed, and the tar problem is all arranged.Tar meeting blocking pipeline pollutes cylinder, stops up sparking plug or fuel gas hole, makes generating and air feed be difficult to normally operation, because the tar in the subsequent disposal combustion gas all adopts WATER-WASHING METHOD to purify, also can cause secondary pollution simultaneously.The major cause of secondary pollution is to contain tar, NO in the waste water
x, SO
2, NH
3Deng more than 100 kinds of organic compositions, the concentration of pollutent is very high, and the processing method that is difficult to economical rationality is handled these sewage.Even the combustion gas through washing still can blocking pipe, cause some gasifying biomass stations to be forced to stop transport.So solving the essence method of tar is exactly that the coke tar cracking in the combustion gas is become noncondensable gas, avoids the pollution of line clogging and combustion gas water coolant.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to overcome the coal-tar middle oil content height of the ubiquitous combustion gas of prior art, problem that fuel gases calorific value is low, a kind of biomass high temperature pyrolysis, carbon residue gasification and High Temperature Gas catalytic purification system of efficient, environmental protection is provided.
Principal feature of the present invention has four aspects:
(1) the common interior temperature of biomass gasification reaction device has only 800～1000 ℃, utilize that temperature in the reactor of high temperature air gasification is the highest can only to reach 1250 ℃, and make use of liquefied petroleum gas (or Sweet natural gas) and heat pyrolysis reactor that high-temperature air burning produces in biomass, temperature can reach 2000 ℃ in the pyrolysis oven, this just provides very advantageous conditions for the second pyrolysis of tar, has significantly reduced tar content;
(2) catalytic gasification of traditional biomass mainly concentrates on and adds rhombspar and nickel-base catalyst etc. in the reactor, but this catalysis process exists tar and catalyzer short, inadequate problem duration of contact, install additional at the gas outlet of pyrolysis oven and can spray into ground dolomite (particle diameter is 0.2～1mm, catalytic temperature is best more than 900 ℃) catalytic unit, combustion gas is fully contacted with catalyzer, because the temperature out of reactor is up to 1200 ℃, this will greatly improve the catalytic pyrolysis rate of tar;
(3) because the present invention has adopted the high temperature air thermophore with decoking functional oil,, reduced a nitrogen content in high-temperature low-oxygen atmosphere, improved the calorific value of biological fuel gas so the production process of endogenous pyrogen is to carry out.
(4) the heat part that the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) that adds (or Sweet natural gas) burning back produces is as endogenous pyrogen, and the entrained heat of another part heat and combustion gas enters the high temperature air thermophore, produces high temperature air, the heat recycle.
Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is:
(1), a kind of biomass high temperature pyrolysis and gasification and high temperature pyrolysis gas catalytic purification technology, have burner, the high temperature pyrolysis stove that generates pyrolysis gas of biomass that produces the required high temperature endogenous pyrogen of high temperature pyrolysis stove, the high temperature air gasification stove that generates gasification gas and the arrangement for catalytic purification that elevated temperature heat is vented one's spleen, it is characterized in that: 1.1, high temperature air and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) or Sweet natural gas burn in burner (5) and produce the high-temperature flue gas of temperature up to 2000 ℃, and this high-temperature flue gas is as the high temperature endogenous pyrogen of high temperature pyrolysis stove (1); 1.2, at high temperature pyrolysis stove (1) endogenous substance pyrolytic reaction to take place in the high temperature endogenous pyrogen generate pyrolysis gas of biomass, violent secondary heat scission reaction takes place in the entrained tar of pyrolysis gas of biomass in the high temperature pyrolysis stove, institute's tar content greatly descends in the pyrolysis gas; 1.2.1, adopt two high temperature pyrolysis stoves (1) alternate run to generate pyrolysis gas, the high temperature pyrolysis furnace bottom has one to become 30～45 ° inclined distributor (6) as the even usefulness of cloth endogenous pyrogen with horizontal sextant angle, and cooperates pneumatic plant (7) to have the usefulness of toppling over carbon residue concurrently; 1.2.2, the carbon residue in the high temperature pyrolysis stove generates biomass gasified gas with high temperature air gasification stove (2), with the gasifying medium of high temperature air as carbon residue; 1.3, the pyrolysis gas of biomass temperature of discharging from high temperature pyrolysis stove (1) is up to 1200 ℃, elevated temperature heat is vented one's spleen and is entered the cat cracker (3) with special construction, this special construction is that the top from this cracker (3) sprays into the ground dolomite catalyzer that particle diameter is 0.2～1mm, elevated temperature heat is vented one's spleen and is entered from the bottom, left side of cracker, catalyzer and the elevated temperature heat that enters from the bottom time enough of having vented one's spleen fully contacts, and the cleavage rate of tar is high; 1.4, the pyrolysis gas of contained a small amount of tar of discharging from cat cracker (3) enters high temperature air thermophore (4), this thermophore removes a small amount of tar that condenses in the passage by the commutation function of combustion gas and air passageways, tar content is less than 10mg/m
3The pyrolysis pneumatic transmission go into gas storage holder.This technology is characterized in that biomass high temperature pyrolysis and the elevated temperature heat catalytic pyrolysis of venting one's spleen, and the catalytic process of the gasification of biomass pyrolysis process, carbon residue and pyrolysis gas is separately carried out, constitute the generating unit of biogas by two high temperature pyrolysis stoves (1) and a high temperature air gasification stove (2), constitute the refining plant of pyrolysis gas of biomass by cat cracker (3), high temperature air thermophore (4), generate the high temperature endogenous pyrogen by a burner (5), the tail gas heat quantity of whole technology is by high temperature air thermophore (4) recycle.Adopt two pyrolysis ovens to generate combustion gas, an inclined distributor is arranged at the bottom of this pyrolysis oven, and this air distribution plate is the cloth endogenous pyrogen evenly, and can topple over carbon residue enter the high temperature air gasification stove under the effect of pneumatic plant, and air distribution plate is made with high temperature material.Two pyrolysis oven alternate runs, when wherein a pyrolysis oven operation was toppled over carbon residue after three hours, another pyrolysis oven brought into operation.The high temperature air that carbon residue in the vapourizing furnace utilizes the high temperature air thermophore to produce gasifies as gasifying medium, because the carbon residue amount of biomass is few, just gasify behind the carbon residue accumulation certain hour that pyrolysis oven is toppled over, so the operation scheme of vapourizing furnace is intermittent operation;
(2), all be provided with a cat cracker, this cracker adopts the mode that sprays into the rhombspar powder to make the further cracking of tar in the combustion gas in the upper side of each pyrolysis oven.The rhombspar powder sprays into from the top of cracker, combustion gas enters from the bottom, left side of cracker, such operation scheme not only can make tar and the ground dolomite in the combustion gas that arranged sufficient duration of contact, the abundant cracking of tar, and because the impact effect and the centrifugal action of ground dolomite can separate coke granule that carries in the combustion gas and dust effectively, promptly cat cracker has coke tar cracking and dust separating effect concurrently;
(3), the effect that the high temperature air thermophore has preheated air concurrently and removes tar, the mode that its implementation adopts combustion gas and air to change passage, valve 41 is opened during beginning, valve 42, valve 43 cuts out, valve 44 is opened, valve 45 is opened, and valve 46 cuts out, and valve 47 is opened, valve 48 cuts out, move after 1 hour, valve 41 cuts out, valve 42, valve 43 is opened, valve 44 is opened, valve 45 cuts out, and valve 46 is opened, and valve 47 cuts out, valve 48 is opened, operation repeats beginning after half an hour, the tar of so just having realized being condensed at blast tube is in combustion gas, air passageways commutation back is carried by high temperature air and is left, and burns in burner and transfers;
(4), the employed endogenous pyrogen of pyrolysis oven provides by the high-temperature flue gas that burner produces, this high-temperature flue gas (temperature is up to 2000 ℃) is by liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) (or Sweet natural gas) and the generation of high temperature air adiabatic combustion.
Two biomass pyrolysis furnaces in the system and the biological fuel gas generating unit of three associatings of a carbon residue vapourizing furnace formation, wherein the endogenous pyrogen of pyrolysis oven is provided by the high-temperature flue gas that burner produces, the high temperature air that the gasifying medium of vapourizing furnace produces for the air thermophore, two pyrolysis oven operations in turn, the vapourizing furnace intermittent operation.
Uniqueness of the present invention is few, the no washing of tar content system, heat recycle, fuel gases calorific value height, and it is many to handle the biomass kind, and combustion gas can be used for central heating and generating.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the schema of biomass high temperature pyrolysis catalysis and purification system;
As shown in the figure, the 1st, biomass high temperature pyrolysis stove, the 2nd, biomass high-temperature air gasification stove, the 3rd, combustion gas cat cracker, the 4th, high temperature air thermophore, 41～48th, valve, the 5th, burner, the 6th, tilting air distribution plate, the 7th, pneumatic plant, the 8th, gas storage holder, the 9th, feeder, 10 air compressor.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment of the present invention are described in further detail:
Shown in the schema of catalysis of Fig. 1 biomass high temperature pyrolysis and purification system, native system comprises three parts:
(1), first part is fuel gas generating system, comprises two high temperature pyrolysis stoves 1, a vapourizing furnace 2.Wherein the needed endogenous pyrogen of pyrolysis oven (2000 ℃ of high-temperature flue gas) is provided by burner 5, one tilting air distribution plate (angle of inclination is from the horizontal by 15～45 °) is arranged at the pyrolysis oven bottom, carbon residue relies under self gravitation and the compressed-air actuated purging and pours into high temperature air gasification stove 2 when blowing out, feed is by the feeder on pyrolysis oven top, per hour reinforced 4 times, two pyrolysis oven 2 operations in turn, 2 intermittent operatioies of high temperature air gasification stove, the gasification gas that vapourizing furnace generated enters the high temperature air thermophore, the entrained heat recycle of gasification gas.
(2), second section is the gas-purification system, comprises gas high-temperature cat cracker 3 and high temperature air thermophore 4.The fuel gas temperature that comes out from pyrolysis oven 1 is about 900～1100 ℃, and this temperature is fit to the tar cracking under the rhombspar catalytic condition in the combustion gas very much.The tar that sprays into the combustion gas of ground dolomite foot couple from the top of cracker carries out catalytic pyrolysis.The combustion gas of coming out from cat cracker enters high temperature air thermophore 4, and valve 41 is opened during beginning, and valve 42, valve 43 are closed, valve 44 is opened, and valve 45 is opened, and valve 46 cuts out, valve 47 is opened, and valve 48 cuts out, and moves after 1 hour, combustion gas and air inerchange passage, valve 41 cuts out, and valve 42, valve 43 are opened, valve 44 is opened, and valve 45 cuts out, and valve 46 is opened, valve 47 cuts out, and valve 48 is opened, and operation repeats beginning after half an hour.
(3), third part is that the required high temperature endogenous pyrogen of pyrolysis oven provides part, just natural gas burner 5.Sweet natural gas and high temperature air carry out low oxygen combustion provides nitrogen content less high-temperature flue gas for pyrolysis oven, and nitrogen content major general improves the calorific value of combustion gas.
Claims (2)
1. biomass high temperature pyrolysis and gasification and high temperature pyrolysis gas catalytic purification technology, have burner, the high temperature pyrolysis stove that generates pyrolysis gas of biomass that produces the required high temperature endogenous pyrogen of high temperature pyrolysis stove, the high temperature air gasification stove that generates gasification gas and the arrangement for catalytic purification that elevated temperature heat is vented one's spleen, it is characterized in that:
1.1, high temperature air and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) or Sweet natural gas burn in burner (5) and produce the high-temperature flue gas of temperature up to 2000 ℃, this high-temperature flue gas is as the high temperature endogenous pyrogen of high temperature pyrolysis stove (1);
1.2, at high temperature pyrolysis stove (1) endogenous substance pyrolytic reaction to take place in the high temperature endogenous pyrogen generate pyrolysis gas of biomass, violent secondary heat scission reaction takes place in the entrained tar of pyrolysis gas of biomass in the high temperature pyrolysis stove, institute's tar content greatly descends in the pyrolysis gas;
1.2.1, adopt two high temperature pyrolysis stoves (1) alternate run to generate pyrolysis gas, the high temperature pyrolysis furnace bottom has one to become 30～45 ° inclined distributor (6) as the even usefulness of cloth endogenous pyrogen with horizontal sextant angle, and cooperates pneumatic plant (7) to have the usefulness of toppling over carbon residue concurrently;
1.2.2, the carbon residue in the high temperature pyrolysis stove generates biomass gasified gas with high temperature air gasification stove (2), with the gasifying medium of high temperature air as carbon residue;
1.3, the pyrolysis gas of biomass temperature of discharging from high temperature pyrolysis stove (1) is up to 1200 ℃, elevated temperature heat is vented one's spleen and is entered the cat cracker (3) with special construction, this special construction is that the top from this cracker (3) sprays into the ground dolomite catalyzer that particle diameter is 0.2～imm, elevated temperature heat is vented one's spleen and is entered from the bottom, left side of cracker, catalyzer and the elevated temperature heat that enters from the bottom time enough of having vented one's spleen fully contacts, and the cleavage rate of tar is high;
1.4, the pyrolysis gas of contained a small amount of tar of discharging from cat cracker (3) enters high temperature air thermophore (4), this thermophore removes a small amount of tar that condenses in the passage by the commutation function of combustion gas and air passageways, tar content is less than 10mg/m
3The pyrolysis pneumatic transmission go into gas storage holder.
2. biomass high temperature pyrolysis and gasification according to claim 1 and high temperature pyrolysis gas catalytic purification technology, it is characterized in that biomass high temperature pyrolysis and the elevated temperature heat catalytic pyrolysis of venting one's spleen, and biomass pyrolysis process, the catalytic process of the gasification of carbon residue and pyrolysis gas is separately carried out, constitute the generating unit of biogas by two high temperature pyrolysis stoves (1) and a high temperature air gasification stove (2), by cat cracker (3), high temperature air thermophore (4) constitutes the refining plant of pyrolysis gas of biomass, generate the high temperature endogenous pyrogen by a burner (5), the tail gas heat quantity of whole technology is by high temperature air thermophore (4) recycle.
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| CN111269735B (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2021-03-02 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Biomass three-section type pressurizing high-temperature pyrolysis gasification device |
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