CN101498291A - Biomass high temperature pyrolysis and gasification power generation system - Google Patents
Biomass high temperature pyrolysis and gasification power generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN101498291A CN101498291A CNA2009100714405A CN200910071440A CN101498291A CN 101498291 A CN101498291 A CN 101498291A CN A2009100714405 A CNA2009100714405 A CN A2009100714405A CN 200910071440 A CN200910071440 A CN 200910071440A CN 101498291 A CN101498291 A CN 101498291A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biomass high-temperature thermal-decomposition vaporazation generating system which comprises a biomass material bin, a screwed feeder, a biomass whirlwind high-temperature thermal-decomposition gasification furnace, a biomass exhaust pipe, a biomass gas surplus heat utilization steam-generating unit, a biomass gas surplus heat utilization air heater, a biomass gas dust catcher, a water-ring vacuum pump, a biomass gas storage tank, an internal combustion engine, a generator, a high-speed gas fuel combustor, an initialization-phase fuel gas tank, a Roots blower, a water-feeding pump and a clinker pond. When the biomass high-temperature thermal-decomposition vaporazation generating system operates, air and biomass gas heated by the surplus heat of high-temperature biomass gas combust in the high-speed gas fuel combustor to generate high-temperature hypoxia smoke gas which is sprayed into the biomass whirlwind high-temperature thermal-decomposition gasification furnace to be mixed with biomass materials inside the biomass whirlwind high-temperature thermal-decomposition gasification furnace to generate thermal decomposition and vaporization and generate biomass gas with the temperature more than 1600 DEG C and low tar content, and then the biomass high-temperature thermal-decomposition vaporazation generating system generates electricity by utilizing the generator which takes the internal combustion engine as power. The biomass high-temperature thermal-decomposition vaporazation generating system is stable and reliable and has high heat efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of biomass energy sources for generating electricity system that utilizes, be specially biomass high temperature pyrolysis and gasification power generation system.
Background technique
Plant is that chemical energy exists the energy of living beings inside to be called biomass energy by chlorophyll with conversion of solar energy, and therefore, biomass energy is a renewable energy sources.At present, be often referred to the agriculture and forestry waste as the living beings of primary energy, as wood chip, bark, rice husk, straw, peanut shell and sugarcane bagasse etc.With regard to its energy equivalent, at present, biomass energy is only second to coal, oil, rock gas and is listed as the 4th.
The utilization of biomass energy has various ways; biomass gasification technology is to pass through thermal chemical reaction; solid-state biomass is converted to clean gaseous fuel; this living beings transformation of energy and utilize mode for energy saving and protection environment, and alleviate serious day by day greenhouse effect and be extremely important.
But prior biological matter gasifying process all is to adopt to make the burning of part biological pledge material, heat that utilizes its flue gas then and had and remaining oxygen carry out pyrolysis and gasification to all the other biomass materials method.Because the flue-gas temperature that is produced after biomass material and the normal temperature air mixed combustion is lower, so, utilize the temperature corresponding also lower (usually less than 800 ℃) of its heat pyrolysis and the gasification biogas that all the other biomass materials produced, therefore, the tar content of the biogas produced of gasifying process is very high usually like this.For the living beings gasification power generation system, tar can pollute cylinder, stops up spark plug or fuel gas hole, and generating and air feed can't normally be moved.Therefore, the tar problem is the subject matter of restriction biogas elelctrochemical power generation engineering.
In order to remove tar, prior biological matter gasifying electricity generation technology has to adopt the method for washing to remove tar in the biogas, therefore, the tar that is generated in biomass gasification process, great majority are transferred in the sewage that its purified industrial produces, because the complicated component (comprising the organic principle more than 100 kinds) of tar, wherein the concentration of all contaminations is very high, is difficult to effectively handle, and can cause serious secondary pollution.And the tar content in the biogas after method for washing purifies still substantially exceeds NBS, can't make biogas elelctrochemical power generation system stable operation.
Reduce the generation of tar in biomass gasification process significantly, making the effective technique that tar content is up to state standards in the biogas is to become boiling point to be lower than the gas of normal temperature the tar pyrolysis with high temperature (more than 1600 ℃) in the biogas metallization processes.Therefore; adopting the biomass high temperature pyrolysis and gasification electrification technique as well as is development biogas elelctrochemical power generation engineering effective technique; this technological method on engineering realization and apply, for promote biogas elelctrochemical power generation cause, promote biomass energy effective utilization, improve China energy resource structure, preserve the ecological environment significant.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of biomass high temperature pyrolysis and gasification power generation system, be used for reducing significantly the content of tar in the biogas of being produced, it is up to state standards, obstruction spark plug or fuel gas hole that the thorough biomass gas tar oil too high levels that solves existing biogas elelctrochemical power generation technology existence is caused, and the pollution cylinder, the problem that generating and air feed can't normally be moved.
In order to realize above-mentioned technical purpose, the present invention adopts following technological scheme and step:
(1) adopt the high-temperature low-oxygen flue gas to carry out the pyrolysing gasification of living beings as the pyrolysing gasification medium
Utilization produces behind the pyrolysing gasification in living beings whirlwind high temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace, the part of the high temperature biogas waste heat more than 1600 ℃, heat through the Roots blower air pressurized by biogas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN air heater, its temperature is reached more than 800 ℃, then, in the high-speed gas fuel burner, burn as oxygenant and fuel gas with the high temperature air more than 800 ℃, the burning back is produced, the high-temperature low-oxygen flue gas tangentially sprays into living beings whirlwind high temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace with the form of high-speed jet more than 1800 ℃, form strong vortex flow field, simultaneously, the biomass material of depositing in the biomass material storehouse is sent into living beings whirlwind high temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace, biomass material mixes with high-temperature flue gas, heating, pyrolysis takes place, and simultaneously with some of fixed carbon gasifications, because the pyrolysing gasification process is an endothermic process, so can produce the high temperature biogas more than 1600 ℃.
(2) utilize the biogas waste heat to produce water vapour as partial gasification medium utilization another part of high temperature biogas waste heats that produce, more than 1600 ℃ behind the pyrolysing gasification in living beings whirlwind high temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace, by biogas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN steam generator, feedwater is heated into water vapor, and sprays into the biomass high temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace chamber.Water vapor comes last fixed carbon after the pyrolysis of gasified bio-matter material as the partial gasification medium.
(3) utilize the biogas gas holder as gas storage and voltage stabilizing
Biogas goes out the biomass high temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace chamber in that the suction function of Nash hytor is dirty, and successively by being admitted to the biogas gas holder behind biogas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN steam generator, biogas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN air heater, the biogas deduster.
(4) adopt biogas as motor fuel and the fuel gas that generates as the flue gas of pyrolysing gasification medium
The most of biogas that enters the biogas gas holder is admitted to internal combustion under the effect of jar internal pressure makes internal combustion engine operation; Operating internal combustion engine provides power to make generator rotate generating; The fraction biogas that enters the biogas gas holder is admitted under the effect of jar internal pressure that the fuel gas in the fuel gas source burns to produce the required high-temperature flue gas of biomass pyrolytic start up period of substituting in the high-speed gas combustion system.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
(1) owing to adopts high-temperature low-oxygen flue gas (more than 1800 ℃) as gasifying medium, the content of tar in biogas that this patent system is produced in biomass gasification process is lower than NBS, guarantees biogas elelctrochemical power generation system stability is moved reliably.
(2) since adopt more than 800 ℃ high temperature air as oxygenant and fuel gas in the high-speed gas fuel burner, burn that the back is produced, more than 1800 ℃ the high-temperature low-oxygen flue gas as the pyrolysing gasification medium, so the low heat valve height of the biogas of this patent system production.
(3) owing to adopt biogas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN steam generator and energy-conservation equipment and technology such as system and biogas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN air heater, the thermal efficiency height of this patent system.
(4) system is simple and reliable, continuously-running, easy operating control and maintenance.
The described biomass material of this patent refer to through fragmentation, diameter or length is less than 10 millimeters agriculture and forestry waste, as wood chip, bark, rice husk, straw, peanut shell and sugarcane bagasse etc.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a system schema schematic representation of the present invention
Piece number explanation among the figure:
1, grey slag bath; 2, living beings whirlwind pyrolysis gasification furnace; 3, biogas discharge tube; 4, screw(-type) feeder; 5, biomass material storehouse; 6, fuel gas tank the start up period; 7, biogas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN steam generator; 8, biogas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN air heater; 9, biogas deduster; 10, biogas gas holder; 11, internal-combustion engine; 12, generator; 13, Nash hytor; 14, Roots blower; 15, feed water pump; 16, high-speed gas fuel burner.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment of the present invention are described in detail.A kind of biomass high temperature pyrolysis and gasification power generation system comprises living beings whirlwind pyrolysing gasification furnace chamber 2, the biomass material storehouse 5 that its top is provided with, the grey slag bath 1 that its underpart is provided with and its inner biogas discharge tube 3 that is provided with, and according to the biogas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN steam generator 7 of the main flow setting of biogas, biogas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN air heater 8, biogas deduster 9, Nash hytor 13, biogas gas holder 10 and the internal-combustion engine 11 that is being connected generator 12.In addition, respectively with the start up period fuel gas tank 6 high-speed gas fuel burner 16 that is connected with biogas gas holder 10 be arranged on the outside of living beings whirlwind pyrolysing gasification furnace chamber 2 and be connected.
Biomass high temperature pyrolysis and gasification power generation system is when operation, at first biomass material is deposited in biomass material storehouse 5, then with the start up period fuel gas and send in the high-speed gas fuel burner 16 by biogas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN air heater 8 in the fuel gas tank 6 through Roots blower 14 air pressurized burn, the high-temperature low-oxygen flue gas that the burning back is produced tangentially sprays into living beings whirlwind high temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace 2 with the form of high-speed jet, forms strong vortex flow field.The biomass material that to deposit in simultaneously in the biomass material storehouse 5 is sent into living beings whirlwind high temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace 2 by screw(-type) feeder 4, biomass material mixes, heats, takes place pyrolysis with high-temperature flue gas, and simultaneously with some of fixed carbon gasifications, the lime-ash behind the gasifying biomass materials enters grey slag bath 1.The biogas that pyrolysing gasification generates in living beings whirlwind high temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace 2 is under the suction function of Nash hytor 13, flow out biomass high temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace 2 by biogas discharge tube 3, and successively by being admitted to biogas gas holder 10 behind biogas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN steam generator 7, biogas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN air heater 8, the biogas deduster 9.Meanwhile, start feed water pump 15, feedwater is by being heated into water vapor by the waste heat of biogas behind the heating surface of biogas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN steam generator, and sprays into the biomass high temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace chamber.Water vapor makes wherein remaining fixed carbon gasification as gasifying medium.Biogas is after passing through biogas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN steam generator 7 and biogas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN air heater 8, and its temperature can drop to below 100 ℃.The most of biogas that enters biogas gas holder 10 is admitted to internal-combustion engine 11 internal combustion under the effect of jar internal pressure makes its running make generator 12 rotate generating so that power to be provided.Simultaneously, the other fraction biogas that enters biogas gas holder 10 is admitted under the effect of jar internal pressure that the liquefied petroleum gas in the fuel gas tank 6 burns with the required high-temperature flue gas of generation biomass pyrolytic start up period of substituting in the high-speed gas burner 16.The start up period fuel gas in the fuel gas tank 6 only use in the system start-up stage.
Claims (6)
1, biomass high temperature pyrolysis and gasification power generation system comprises living beings whirlwind pyrolysing gasification furnace chamber 2, the biomass material storehouse 5 that its top is provided with, the grey slag bath 1 that its underpart is provided with and its inner biogas discharge tube 3 that is provided with, and according to the biogas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN steam generator 7 of the main flow setting of biogas, biogas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN air heater 8, biogas deduster 9, Nash hytor 13, biogas gas holder 10 and the internal-combustion engine 11 that is being connected generator 12.In addition, respectively with the start up period fuel gas tank 6 high-speed gas fuel burner 16 that is connected with biogas gas holder 10 be arranged on the outside of living beings whirlwind pyrolysing gasification furnace chamber 2 and be connected.
2, biomass high temperature pyrolysis and gasification power generation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that adopting the high-speed gas fuel burner 16 that is arranged at living beings whirlwind high temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace 2 outsides to burn and produces the high-temperature low-oxygen flue gas that is used for the pyrolysis of gasified bio-matter material.And, the high-temperature low-oxygen flue gas tangentially sprays into living beings whirlwind high temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace 2 with the form of high-speed jet, form strong vortex flow field, mix, heat, take place pyrolysis with the biomass material that is admitted to simultaneously in the stove, and simultaneously with some of fixed carbon gasifications.
3, biomass high temperature pyrolysis and gasification power generation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that by biogas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN air heater 8, utilization produces behind the pyrolysing gasification in living beings whirlwind high temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace 2, the waste heat of the high temperature biogas more than 1600 ℃ heats through Roots blower 14 air pressurized, its temperature is reached more than 800 ℃, and in high-speed gas fuel burner 16, burn as oxygenant and fuel gas, make the burning back high-temperature low-oxygen flue-gas temperature that produces can reach more than 1800 ℃, assurance is extremely low with the tar content of the biogas that its pyrolysis of gasified bio-matter material is produced.
4, biomass high temperature pyrolysis and gasification power generation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that by biogas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN steam generator 7, utilize the high temperature biogas waste heat in living beings whirlwind high temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace 2, produce behind the pyrolysing gasification that feedwater is heated into water vapor, and spray into living beings whirlwind high temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace 2 as the partial gasification medium and come last fixed carbon after the pyrolysis of gasified bio-matter material.
5, biomass high temperature pyrolysis and gasification power generation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in system stable operation, the fuel gas that high-speed gas fuel burner 16 is used is a part of biogas of being carried by biogas gas holder 10, the start up period fuel gas in the fuel gas tank 6 only use in the system start-up stage.
6, biomass high temperature pyrolysis and gasification power generation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that pyrolysing gasification waste heat that generate, the high temperature biogas more than 1600 ℃ can carry out UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN, and cool to below 100 ℃ by biogas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN steam generator 7, biogas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN air heater 8 in the living beings whirlwind high temperature pyrolysis gasification furnace 2.
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101906322A (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2010-12-08 | 胜利油田胜利动力机械集团有限公司 | Process and device for generating power by melting and gasifying biomass |
| CN102116193A (en) * | 2011-01-11 | 2011-07-06 | 安徽友勇生物科技有限公司 | Rice hull generating equipment |
| CN102417831A (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2012-04-18 | 合肥德博生物能源科技有限公司 | Biomass gasification generation system |
| CN102643676A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-08-22 | 广西大学 | Method for self-heating pyrolysis gasification of biomass by gas backflow combustion |
| CN104593075A (en) * | 2010-11-08 | 2015-05-06 | 株式会社Ze能源 | Reforming apparatus and reforming system |
| CN104593085A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-05-06 | 西安交通大学 | Coal gasifier for slag granulation and coal gas preparation process |
| CN104879745A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2015-09-02 | 广州环渝能源科技有限公司 | Method and system of realizing carbon emission reduction by gasifier |
| CN105485652A (en) * | 2016-01-01 | 2016-04-13 | 广州环峰能源科技股份有限公司 | Full-sealed biomass control system |
| NO20181257A1 (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2020-03-27 | Scanship As | Microwave pyrolysis reactor iv |
| CN111204951A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-05-29 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Oily sludge pyrolysis treatment system |
| CN111423898A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-07-17 | 重庆科技学院 | Double-cyclone furnace type waste plastic recycling system and process |
| CN114045181A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-02-15 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Cyclone type biomass semi-gasification experimental device |
| CN114806641A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-29 | 西安交通大学 | System and method for preparing biomass fuel from cow dung |
| CN115893407A (en) * | 2022-11-23 | 2023-04-04 | 北京华能长江环保科技研究院有限公司 | Preparation method and preparation system of activated carbon for nuclear waste gas |
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| CN101906322B (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2013-11-13 | 胜利油田胜利动力机械集团有限公司 | Process and device for generating power by melting and gasifying biomass |
| CN101906322A (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2010-12-08 | 胜利油田胜利动力机械集团有限公司 | Process and device for generating power by melting and gasifying biomass |
| CN104593075B (en) * | 2010-11-08 | 2017-05-31 | 株式会社Ze能源 | Reforming apparatus and reforming system |
| US10195582B2 (en) | 2010-11-08 | 2019-02-05 | Ze Energy Inc. | Gasification furnace, gasification system, reformer and reforming system |
| CN104593075A (en) * | 2010-11-08 | 2015-05-06 | 株式会社Ze能源 | Reforming apparatus and reforming system |
| CN102116193A (en) * | 2011-01-11 | 2011-07-06 | 安徽友勇生物科技有限公司 | Rice hull generating equipment |
| CN102417831A (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2012-04-18 | 合肥德博生物能源科技有限公司 | Biomass gasification generation system |
| CN102643676B (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2014-05-28 | 广西大学 | Method for self-heating pyrolysis gasification of biomass by gas backflow combustion |
| CN102643676A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-08-22 | 广西大学 | Method for self-heating pyrolysis gasification of biomass by gas backflow combustion |
| CN104593085A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-05-06 | 西安交通大学 | Coal gasifier for slag granulation and coal gas preparation process |
| CN104879745A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2015-09-02 | 广州环渝能源科技有限公司 | Method and system of realizing carbon emission reduction by gasifier |
| CN105485652A (en) * | 2016-01-01 | 2016-04-13 | 广州环峰能源科技股份有限公司 | Full-sealed biomass control system |
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| US11773329B2 (en) | 2018-09-26 | 2023-10-03 | Scanship As | Microwave pyrolysis reacto |
| CN111204951B (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2022-04-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Oily sludge pyrolysis treatment system |
| CN111204951A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-05-29 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Oily sludge pyrolysis treatment system |
| CN111423898A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-07-17 | 重庆科技学院 | Double-cyclone furnace type waste plastic recycling system and process |
| CN111423898B (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2024-03-01 | 重庆科技学院 | Double cyclone furnace type waste plastic recycling treatment system and process |
| CN114045181A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-02-15 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Cyclone type biomass semi-gasification experimental device |
| CN114806641A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-29 | 西安交通大学 | System and method for preparing biomass fuel from cow dung |
| CN115893407A (en) * | 2022-11-23 | 2023-04-04 | 北京华能长江环保科技研究院有限公司 | Preparation method and preparation system of activated carbon for nuclear waste gas |
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