CN108192667B - Biomass gasification furnace and gasification operation method thereof - Google Patents
Biomass gasification furnace and gasification operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108192667B CN108192667B CN201711468713.0A CN201711468713A CN108192667B CN 108192667 B CN108192667 B CN 108192667B CN 201711468713 A CN201711468713 A CN 201711468713A CN 108192667 B CN108192667 B CN 108192667B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/06—Continuous processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
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Abstract
A biomass gasification furnace and a gasification operation method thereof belong to the technical field of energy conversion equipment, and a drying zone, a cracking zone, an oxidation zone, a reduction zone and an ash chamber are sequentially arranged in a reaction furnace body from top to bottom; a Y-shaped pyrolysis gas isolation and shunt device is arranged in the oxidation area, a circular tangential air supply device of the oxidation area is arranged in the Y-shaped pyrolysis gas isolation and shunt device, an upper movable grate is arranged at the bottom of the Y-shaped pyrolysis gas isolation and shunt device, a lower movable grate is arranged at the bottom of the reduction area, and a circular tangential air supply device of the reduction area is arranged at the top of the reduction area; the ash chamber is formed by rolling three layers of heat-resistant steel plates and then is welded with the upper flange and the lower flange, so that the gasification reaction has stronger controllability and more flexible adjustment, the gasification working condition can be effectively improved, the gasification reaction is more uniform and sufficient, the problem of heat waste caused by overhigh reaction temperature of the gasification furnace can be avoided, the thermal efficiency of the reaction furnace is improved, the gasification efficiency is improved, the tar content in gas is reduced, and the gas quality is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy conversion equipment, relates to a gasification furnace and a gasification operation method, and particularly relates to a biomass gasification furnace and a gasification operation method thereof.
Background
The severe reality of energy and environmental problems is forcing mankind to strive to find a sustainable development path where population, economy, society, resources and environment are harmonized with each other, and wherein the development of new energy and renewable energy has become an urgent task. Biomass includes animals, plants, microorganisms and their derived, excreted, and metabolized organic matter, and biomass can be a form of energy stored in the organism as chemical energy by solar energy directly or indirectly through photosynthesis, and is the only renewable resource capable of being stored and transported. Biomass can be regenerated in a short period, and the total amount of biomass generated globally per year is about 1460 hundred million tons, which is equal to 10 times of the current world total energy consumption. At present, only 10% of global biomass energy is utilized, the direct combustion of a traditional stove is mainly used, the heat efficiency is only 10% -15%, and the generated smoke can pollute the environment. The remaining biomass is mostly treated in open air by burning, and the problems of environment and energy waste are increasingly serious.
Modern biomass energy utilization means that high-grade energy such as solid, liquid, gas and the like is generated to replace fossil fuel by means of biochemical and physicochemical conversion and a series of advanced conversion technologies, so that high-quality clean energy products such as electric power, traffic fuel, heat energy, fuel gas and the like are provided for production and life. The biomass gasification technology has wider application, relatively simple system and relatively lower cost compared with other conversion technologies such as biomass oil production and the like. However, the existing biomass gasification furnaces generally have the following problems: the energy conversion and utilization efficiency is low; the system is unstable in operation; the quality of the produced gas is poor; especially, the high content of solid particles and tar in the gas causes the complexity of the post-treatment system and the secondary pollution of the environment. In a word, the design, operation technology and process of the existing biomass gasification furnace are not mature.
For the treatment problem of tar in gasified fuel gas, there are washing separation method, electrostatic decoking method, filtering method and mechanical method, etc. with water or chemical solvent, but the energy of tar in fuel gas generally accounts for 10% -15% of total energy, and this part of energy is wasted in the decoking technology, even some technologies cause secondary pollution. If the tar is converted into the fuel gas, the gasification efficiency and the fuel gas quality can be improved, and the secondary pollution can be avoided, thereby having important significance for developing and popularizing the gasification technology. The catalytic cracking technology can convert tar into combustible gas, thereby not only improving the energy utilization rate, but also thoroughly reducing secondary pollution; the high-temperature cracking technology can also obtain higher tar conversion efficiency at the temperature of more than 1100 ℃, but the technical problem of how to ensure the overall utilization efficiency of system energy while obtaining high temperature is a technical problem.
Therefore, around the common problems of the design and operation of the current biomass gasification furnaces, the precise design of the gasification furnaces is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a biomass gasification furnace and a gasification operation method thereof, aiming at the defects of low energy conversion and utilization efficiency, unstable system operation, poor gas production quality, particularly complex post-treatment system and secondary environmental pollution caused by high solid particle content and tar content in gas and the like of the existing biomass gasification furnace, so that the gasification reaction has stronger controllability and more flexible adjustment, the gasification working condition can be effectively improved, the gasification reaction is more uniform and sufficient, the problem of heat waste caused by overhigh reaction temperature of the gasification furnace can be avoided, the thermal efficiency and the gasification efficiency of a reaction furnace are improved, the tar content in gas is reduced, and the gas quality is improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a biomass gasification furnace comprises a reaction furnace body, a feeding port arranged at the top of the reaction furnace body and a base arranged at the bottom of the reaction furnace body; the method is characterized in that: the reaction furnace body is composed of double-layer coaxial heat-resistant steel pipes, the double-layer coaxial heat-resistant steel pipes form a hollow furnace wall jacket, a plurality of irregular stop blocks are arranged in the furnace wall jacket from top to bottom, and a drying area, a cracking area, an oxidation area, a reduction area and an ash chamber are sequentially arranged in the reaction furnace body from top to bottom; a Y-shaped pyrolysis gas isolation and shunt device is arranged in the oxidation zone, the lower part of the Y-shaped pyrolysis gas isolation and shunt device is an equal-diameter heat-resistant steel pipe, the upper part of the Y-shaped pyrolysis gas isolation and shunt device is a V-shaped coaxial slope surface, a plurality of round holes are uniformly distributed on the V-shaped coaxial slope surface, an oxidation zone circular tangential air supply device is arranged in the Y-shaped pyrolysis gas isolation and shunt device, an upper movable grate is arranged at the bottom of the Y-shaped pyrolysis gas isolation and shunt device, a lower movable grate is arranged at the bottom of the reduction zone, and a reduction zone circular tangential air supply device is arranged; the ash chamber is formed by rolling three layers of heat-resistant steel plates and then welded with an upper flange and a lower flange, the three layers of heat-resistant steel plates are rolled to respectively form a hollow ash chamber inner layer jacket and an ash chamber outer layer jacket, an oxygen conveying interface and a steam conveying interface are arranged on the furnace wall at the bottom of the ash chamber, the oxygen conveying interface is communicated with the ash chamber outer layer jacket, an oxygen conveying pipe is arranged on the ash chamber outer layer jacket and communicated with the oxidation zone circular tangential air supply device, the steam conveying interface is communicated with the ash chamber inner layer jacket, a steam conveying pipe is arranged on the ash chamber inner layer jacket and communicated with the reduction zone circular tangential air supply device, an upper movable flashboard is arranged above the ash chamber, an isometric furnace wall jacket inlet for facilitating gas to enter the furnace wall jacket is arranged on the inner layer heat-resistant steel above the pipe wall of the upper movable flashboard, a lower movable flashboard is arranged below the ash chamber; the device comprises a reaction furnace body and is characterized in that a sampling device is axially arranged on the furnace wall on one side of the reaction furnace body and is communicated with the inside of the reaction furnace, the sampling device comprises a thermocouple interface, a solid sampling hook, a solid sampling tube and a gas sampling tube, an ignition device (1) and a pressure relief tube (2) are installed after the parts are all detachable in any one of the sampling devices, stirring rods are arranged in an oxidation area and a reduction area and penetrate into the reaction furnace body through the sampling device, and a gas storage tank interface is arranged above the furnace wall on the other side of the reaction furnace body.
The upper and lower moving grates are all made up of heat-resistant steel plate, connecting piece and moving steel rod, one end of moving steel rod extends out of the furnace, and is driven by cylinder, hydraulic cylinder or linear motor, the upper and lower moving grates are circular after being arranged, and the diameter is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of furnace chamber.
The upper movable flashboard is arranged between the double-layer heat-resistant steel pipe and the ash chamber, the lower movable flashboard is arranged at the bottom of the ash chamber, and the upper movable flashboard and the lower movable flashboard are driven by cylinders, hydraulic cylinders or linear motors.
The stirring rod is a Z-shaped stirring rod, penetrates into the furnace through the sampling device, and can move axially for stirring materials in the furnace.
Circular tangential air supply arrangement in oxidation zone and the circular tangential air supply arrangement in reduction zone are the crooked pipe that is circular and butt joint seal welding, are equipped with 1 connector and equipartition on the pipe and are equipped with 6 nozzles, all are certain contained angle between the plane that nozzle export central line and pipe central line surround and the tangent line of pipe central line, and the connector is used for connecting oxygen conveyer pipe and vapor conveyer pipe, and 6 nozzle spun gas offset back forms a tangent circle region in the middle of the pipe.
A gasification method of a biomass gasification furnace is characterized by comprising the following gasification operation steps:
(1) after biomass such as straws and the like is added from the feeding hole, the ignition device extends into the furnace body from a sampling device penetrating through the furnace wall, meanwhile, an oxygen supply device is used for introducing a proper amount of gasification agent into an outer layer jacket of the ash chamber, the gasification agent enters an oxygen conveying pipe after coming out of the outer layer jacket of the ash chamber until a circular tangential air supply device in an oxidation zone is sent into the oxidation zone, and then the biomass is ignited;
(2) when the furnace temperature rises and is stable, water vapor is supplied to the inner jacket of the ash chamber by a water vapor generator, and the water vapor is heated by the waste heat of the ash chamber and then is sent to a reduction zone by a circular tangential air supply device of the reduction zone to be used as an auxiliary gasifying agent;
(3) the material gradually descends to a cracking zone from a furnace top drying zone, and gas generated by cracking enters an interlayer between the device and the inner furnace wall of an oxidation zone through a circular hole on a Y-shaped cracking gas isolation and diversion device and enters a reduction zone on the premise of not contacting with gas and biomass in the oxidation zone for reaction and performing primary cracking;
(4) the fuel gas generated in the oxidation zone mainly comprises various combustible components such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, tar and the like, unreacted partial oxygen, generated carbon dioxide and the like, the fuel gas enters the reduction zone along with the semi-gasified residual coke downwards through the upper movable grate, and the residual coke, the fuel gas and the water vapor introduced into the reduction zone are subjected to reduction reaction;
(5) gas-solid products pass through the lower movable grate downwards, tar in fuel gas is further decomposed into gaseous combustible substances in high-temperature solid residues, solid residual coke enters the ash chamber, water vapor and oxygen in the inner-layer jacket and the outer-layer jacket of the ash chamber are heated, gas enters the furnace wall jacket upwards through the equal-diameter furnace wall jacket inlet above the ash chamber, the tar is further pyrolyzed at high temperature, large liquid drops in the dust and residual tar are removed by the inertia force under the action of an irregular stop block welded inside the furnace wall jacket, and the fuel gas is finally led out of the furnace through a gas storage tank interface above the jacket;
(6) when the residue in the ash chamber is accumulated more, the lower movable flashboard below the ash chamber is opened to discharge the residue out of the furnace on the premise that the upper movable flashboard above the ash chamber is closed and the main reactor is airtight.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the biomass gasification furnace and the gasification operation method thereof provided by the invention have the advantages that the structure is novel, the operation principle is clear, the Y-shaped pyrolysis gas isolation and shunt device arranged in the oxidation area in the furnace effectively isolates the pyrolysis gas generated in the upper pyrolysis area from the materials and the oxidant in the oxidation area, so that the pyrolysis gas passes through the interlayer between the Y-shaped pyrolysis gas isolation and shunt device and the inner wall of the furnace, the oxidation of the pyrolysis gas is avoided, the tar in the pyrolysis gas is subjected to primary high-temperature pyrolysis by virtue of the high temperature of the oxidation area, the tar content in the gas is reduced, and the gas quality is improved; the circular tangential air supply devices which are arranged in the oxidation zone and the reduction zone and used for spraying the gasification agent adopt a circumferential multi-nozzle tangential air supply mode, so that the uniform distribution of the gasification agent required by each zone is ensured, the disturbance effect on heat transfer and reaction is effectively realized, and the gasification reaction is more uniform and sufficient; the red-hot material layer below the reduction zone and the high-temperature furnace wall jacket of the gasification furnace main body further play a role in pyrolysis of tar in fuel gas; the irregular stop blocks arranged in the double-layer high-temperature steel tube furnace wall jacket can also effectively prevent tar and dust in the fuel gas from being discharged through inertia force; the double-interlayer design of the ash chamber effectively utilizes the waste heat of the gasification residues to heat oxygen and water vapor, thereby improving the heat efficiency of the reaction furnace; the design of the two-stage movable fire grate and the two-stage movable flashboard ensures that the gasification reaction has stronger controllability and more flexible adjustment, and plays an important role in improving the gasification working condition, improving the gasification efficiency and improving the gas quality; the biomass gasification furnace adopts the combination of oxygen and water vapor as a gasification agent, so that the content of high-quality components such as hydrogen and hydrocarbon in fuel gas is higher, the quality of the fuel gas is effectively improved, and the problem of heat waste caused by overhigh reaction temperature of the gasification furnace is avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a Y-type pyrolysis gas isolation and flow distribution device in the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the circular tangential blower of the present invention.
In the figure: an ignition device 1, a pressure relief pipe 2, a thermocouple interface 3, a gas sampling pipe 4, a solid sampling hook 5, a solid sampling pipe 6, a stirring rod 7, an upper movable steel rod 8, a lower movable steel rod 9, a cylinder 10, an upper movable flashboard 11, a lower movable flashboard 12, an oxygen conveying interface 13, a water vapor conveying interface 14, a feeding port 15, a furnace wall jacket 16 and a gas storage tank interface 17, the device comprises an irregular stop block 18, a Y-shaped pyrolysis gas isolation and diversion device 19, an isometric heat-resistant steel pipe 19-1, a V-shaped coaxial slope surface 19-2, a circular hole 19-3, an oxidation zone circular tangential air supply device 20, an upper movable grate 21, a reduction zone circular tangential air supply device 22, an oxygen conveying pipe 23, a lower movable grate 24, an isometric furnace wall jacket inlet 25, a water vapor conveying pipe 26, an ash chamber 27, an ash chamber outer layer jacket 28, an ash chamber inner layer jacket 29, a nozzle 30 and a connector 31.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
as shown in fig. 1-3, a biomass gasification furnace comprises a reaction furnace body, a feeding port 15 arranged at the top of the reaction furnace body and a base arranged at the bottom of the reaction furnace body; the reaction furnace body is composed of double-layer coaxial heat-resistant steel pipes, the double-layer coaxial heat-resistant steel pipes form a hollow furnace wall jacket 16, a plurality of irregular stop blocks 18 are arranged in the furnace wall jacket 16 from top to bottom, and a drying area, a cracking area, an oxidation area, a reduction area and an ash chamber 27 are sequentially arranged in the reaction furnace body from top to bottom; a Y-shaped pyrolysis gas isolation and shunt device 19 is arranged in the oxidation zone, the lower part of the Y-shaped pyrolysis gas isolation and shunt device 19 is an equal-diameter heat-resistant steel pipe 19-1, the upper part of the Y-shaped pyrolysis gas isolation and shunt device is a V-shaped coaxial slope surface 19-2, a plurality of round holes 19-3 are uniformly distributed on the V-shaped coaxial slope surface 19-2, an oxidation zone circular tangential air supply device 20 is arranged in the Y-shaped pyrolysis gas isolation and shunt device 19, an upper movable grate 21 is arranged at the bottom of the Y-shaped pyrolysis gas isolation and shunt device 19, a lower movable grate 24 is arranged at the bottom of the reduction zone, and a reduction zone; the ash chamber 27 is formed by rolling three layers of heat-resistant steel plates and then is welded with an upper flange and a lower flange, the three layers of heat-resistant steel plates are rolled to respectively form a hollow ash chamber inner layer jacket 29 and an ash chamber outer layer jacket 28, the furnace wall at the bottom of the ash chamber 27 is provided with an oxygen conveying interface 13 and a water vapor conveying interface 14, the oxygen conveying interface 13 is communicated with the ash chamber outer layer jacket 28, the ash chamber outer layer jacket 28 is provided with an oxygen conveying pipe 23, the oxygen conveying pipe 23 is communicated with the oxidation zone circular tangential air supply device 20, the water vapor conveying interface 14 is communicated with the ash chamber inner layer jacket 29, the ash chamber inner layer jacket 29 is provided with a water vapor conveying pipe 26, the water vapor conveying pipe 26 is communicated with the reduction zone circular tangential air supply device 22, an upper movable flashboard 11 is arranged above the ash chamber 27, the wall of the inner layer heat-resistant steel pipe above the upper movable flashboard 11 is, a lower movable flashboard 12 is arranged below the ash chamber 27; the reaction furnace comprises a reaction furnace body and is characterized in that a sampling device is axially arranged on the furnace wall on one side of the reaction furnace body and is communicated with the inside of the reaction furnace, the sampling device is composed of a thermocouple interface (3), a solid sampling hook (5), a solid sampling tube (6) and a gas sampling tube (4), after the parts are all detachable in any one of the sampling devices, an ignition device (1) and a pressure relief tube (2) are installed, stirring rods 7 are arranged in an oxidation area and a reduction area, the stirring rods 7 penetrate into the reaction furnace body through the sampling device, and a gas storage tank interface 17 is arranged above the furnace wall on the other side of the reaction furnace body.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the biomass gasification furnace comprises an upper movable grate and a lower movable grate, which are respectively composed of a heat-resistant steel plate, a connecting piece and a movable steel rod, wherein one end of the movable steel rod extends out of the furnace, the steel rod is driven by a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or a linear motor, the upper movable grate and the lower movable grate are arranged to be round, and the diameter of the upper movable grate and the lower movable grate is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of a hearth; the upper movable gate plate 11 is arranged between the double-layer heat-resistant steel pipe and the ash chamber, the lower movable gate plate 12 is arranged at the bottom of the ash chamber, and the upper movable gate plate and the lower movable gate plate are driven by cylinders, hydraulic cylinders or linear motors; the stirring rod 7 is a Z-shaped stirring rod, the stirring rod 7 penetrates into the furnace through the sampling device, and the stirring rod 7 can move along the axial direction and is used for stirring materials in the furnace; the circular tangential air supply device 20 in the oxidation area and the circular tangential air supply device 22 in the reduction area are circular pipes which are bent, are in a circular shape and are in butt joint and are welded in a sealing mode, 1 connector 31 and 6 nozzles 30 are uniformly distributed on each circular pipe, each connector 31 is used for connecting the oxygen conveying pipe 23 and the water vapor conveying pipe 26, and a circle cutting area is formed in the middle of each circular pipe after gas sprayed from the 6 nozzles 30 is diffused and flushed.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a biomass gasification furnace comprises the following steps:
(1) after biomass such as straw is added from the feeding port 15, the ignition device 1 extends into the furnace body from a sampling device penetrating through the furnace wall, meanwhile, an oxygen supply device is used for introducing a proper amount of gasification agent into the outer layer jacket 28 of the ash chamber, the gasification agent enters the oxygen conveying pipe 23 after coming out from the outer layer jacket 28 of the ash chamber until the circular tangential air supply device 20 of the oxidation zone is sent into the oxidation zone, and then the biomass is ignited;
(2) when the furnace temperature rises and is stable, water vapor is supplied to an ash chamber inner layer jacket 29 by a water vapor generator, and is heated by the waste heat of an ash chamber 27 and then is sent to a reduction zone by a circular tangential air supply device 22 of the reduction zone to be used as an auxiliary gasifying agent;
(3) the materials gradually descend to the cracking zone from the furnace top drying zone, the gas generated by cracking enters an interlayer between the device and the inner furnace wall of the oxidation zone through a circular hole 19-3 on the Y-shaped cracking gas isolation and diversion device 19, and enters the reduction zone on the premise of not contacting and reacting with the gas and the biomass in the oxidation zone and performing primary cracking;
(4) the fuel gas generated in the oxidation zone mainly comprises various combustible components such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, tar and the like, unreacted partial oxygen, generated carbon dioxide and the like, the fuel gas enters the reduction zone along with the semi-gasified residual coke downwards through the upper movable grate 21, and the residual coke, the fuel gas and the steam introduced into the reduction zone are subjected to reduction reaction;
(5) gas-solid products pass through the lower movable grate 24 downwards, tar in fuel gas is further decomposed into gaseous combustible substances in high-temperature solid residues, the solid residual coke enters the ash chamber 27, water vapor and oxygen in the ash chamber inner layer jacket 29 and the ash chamber outer layer jacket 28 are heated, gas enters the furnace wall jacket 16 upwards through the isometric furnace wall jacket inlet 25 above the ash chamber 27, the tar is further pyrolyzed, large liquid drops in the dust and residual tar are removed by inertia force under the action of the irregular stop block 18 welded in the furnace wall jacket 16, and the fuel gas is finally led out of the furnace through the gas storage tank interface above the jacket;
(6) when the residue in the ash chamber is accumulated too much, the lower movable gate 12 below the ash chamber is opened to discharge the residue out of the furnace under the premise that the upper movable gate 11 above the ash chamber is closed and the main reactor is airtight.
Claims (6)
1. A biomass gasification furnace comprises a reaction furnace body, a feeding port (15) arranged at the top of the reaction furnace body and a base arranged at the bottom of the reaction furnace body; the method is characterized in that: the reaction furnace body is composed of double-layer coaxial heat-resistant steel pipes, the double-layer coaxial heat-resistant steel pipes form a hollow furnace wall jacket (16), a plurality of irregular stop blocks (18) are arranged in the furnace wall jacket (16) from top to bottom, and a drying area, a cracking area, an oxidation area, a reduction area and an ash chamber (27) are sequentially arranged in the reaction furnace body from top to bottom; a Y-shaped pyrolysis gas isolation and shunt device (19) is arranged in the oxidation zone, the lower part of the Y-shaped pyrolysis gas isolation and shunt device (19) is an equal-diameter heat-resistant steel pipe (19-1), the upper part of the Y-shaped pyrolysis gas isolation and shunt device is a V-shaped coaxial slope surface (19-2), a plurality of round holes (19-3) are uniformly distributed on the V-shaped coaxial slope surface (19-2), an oxidation zone circular tangential air supply device (20) is arranged in the Y-shaped pyrolysis gas isolation and shunt device (19), an upper movable grate (21) is arranged at the bottom of the Y-shaped pyrolysis gas isolation and shunt device (19), a lower movable grate (24) is arranged at the bottom of the reduction zone, and a reduction zone circular tangential air supply device (22; the ash chamber (27) is formed by rolling three layers of heat-resistant steel plates and then is welded with an upper flange and a lower flange, the three layers of heat-resistant steel plates are rolled to form a hollow ash chamber inner layer jacket (29) and an ash chamber outer layer jacket (28), an oxygen conveying interface (13) and a water vapor conveying interface (14) are arranged on the furnace wall at the bottom of the ash chamber (27), the oxygen conveying interface (13) is communicated with the ash chamber outer layer jacket (28), an oxygen conveying pipe (23) is arranged on the ash chamber outer layer jacket (28), the oxygen conveying pipe (23) is communicated with the circular tangential air supply device (20) of the oxidation area, the water vapor conveying interface (14) is communicated with the ash chamber inner layer jacket (29), a water vapor conveying pipe (26) is arranged on the ash chamber inner layer jacket (29), and the water vapor conveying pipe (26) is communicated with the circular tangential air supply device (22) of the reduction area, an upper movable flashboard (11) is arranged above the ash chamber (27), an isometric furnace wall jacket inlet (25) for facilitating gas to enter a furnace wall jacket (16) is formed in the inner heat-resistant steel pipe wall above the upper movable flashboard (11), and a lower movable flashboard (12) is arranged below the ash chamber (27); the reaction furnace is characterized in that a sampling device is axially arranged on the furnace wall on one side of the reaction furnace body and is communicated with the inside of the reaction furnace, the sampling device is composed of a thermocouple interface (3), a solid sampling hook (5), a solid sampling tube (6) and a gas sampling tube (4), after the sampling device is used for disassembling the parts, an ignition device (1) and a pressure relief tube (2) are installed, stirring rods (7) are arranged in an oxidation area and a reduction area, the stirring rods (7) penetrate into the reaction furnace body through the sampling device, and a gas storage tank interface (17) is arranged above the furnace wall on the other side of the reaction furnace body.
2. The biomass gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein: the upper and lower moving grates are all made up of heat-resistant steel plate, connecting piece and moving steel rod, one end of moving steel rod extends out of the furnace, and is driven by cylinder, hydraulic cylinder or linear motor, the upper and lower moving grates are circular after being arranged, and the diameter is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of furnace chamber.
3. The biomass gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein: the upper movable gate plate (11) is arranged between the double-layer heat-resistant steel pipe and the ash chamber, the lower movable gate plate (12) is arranged at the bottom of the ash chamber, and the upper movable gate plate and the lower movable gate plate are driven by an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or a linear motor.
4. The biomass gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein: the stirring rod (7) is a Z-shaped stirring rod, the stirring rod (7) penetrates into the furnace through the sampling device, and the stirring rod (7) can move axially and is used for stirring materials in the furnace.
5. The biomass gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein: circular tangential air supply arrangement (20) in oxidation zone and the circular tangential air supply arrangement (22) in reduction zone are the crooked circular and butt joint sealing welded pipe that is, be equipped with 1 connector (31) and equipartition on the pipe and be equipped with 6 nozzle (30), the plane that nozzle (30) export central line and pipe central line surround, and all be certain contained angle between the tangent line of pipe central line, connector (31) are used for connecting oxygen conveyer pipe (23) and vapor conveyer pipe (26) respectively, 6 nozzle (30) spun gas diffusion and offset back form a tangent circle region in the middle of the pipe.
6. A method of gasifying biomass using the biomass gasification furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
(1) after biomass such as straws and the like is added from a feeding port (15), an ignition device (1) extends into a furnace body from a sampling device penetrating through a furnace wall, meanwhile, an oxygen supply device is used for introducing a proper amount of gasification agent into an outer layer jacket (28) of an ash chamber, the gasification agent enters an oxygen conveying pipe (23) after coming out of the outer layer jacket (28) of the ash chamber until a circular tangential air supply device (20) of an oxidation zone is sent into the oxidation zone, and then the biomass is ignited;
(2) when the furnace temperature rises and is stable, water vapor is supplied to an ash chamber inner layer jacket (29) by a water vapor generator, and is heated by the waste heat of an ash chamber (27) and then is sent to a reduction zone by a circular tangential air supply device (22) of the reduction zone to be used as an auxiliary gasifying agent;
(3) the materials gradually descend to the cracking zone from the furnace top drying zone, and gas generated by cracking enters an interlayer between the device and the inner furnace wall of the oxidation zone through a round hole (19-3) on the Y-shaped cracking gas isolation and diversion device (19) and enters the reduction zone on the premise of not contacting and reacting with gas and biomass in the oxidation zone and performing primary cracking;
(4) the fuel gas generated in the oxidation zone mainly comprises various combustible components such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, tar and the like, unreacted partial oxygen, generated carbon dioxide and the like, the fuel gas enters the reduction zone along with the semi-gasified residual coke downwards through the upper movable grate (21), and the residual coke, the fuel gas and the water vapor introduced into the zone are subjected to reduction reaction;
(5) gas-solid products pass through the lower movable grate (24) to be downward, tar in fuel gas is further decomposed into gaseous combustible in high-temperature solid residues, solid residual coke enters the ash chamber (27), water vapor and oxygen in an inner-layer jacket (29) and an outer-layer jacket (28) of the ash chamber are heated, gas enters the furnace wall jacket (16) through an equal-diameter furnace wall jacket inlet (25) above the ash chamber (27), the tar is further pyrolyzed, under the action of an irregular stop block (18) welded in the furnace wall jacket (16), dust and large liquid drops in the residual tar are removed by inertia force, and the fuel gas is finally led out of the furnace through a gas storage tank interface (17) above the jacket;
(6) when the residue in the ash chamber (27) is accumulated to a large extent, the lower movable gate plate (12) below the ash chamber (27) is opened to discharge the residue out of the furnace while ensuring that the upper movable gate plate (11) above the ash chamber (27) is closed and the main reactor is airtight.
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| CN108929720B (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2020-09-15 | 太原理工大学 | Self-gasification pyrolysis tar gasification furnace |
| CN108865272B (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2020-04-24 | 河北天善生物技术有限公司 | Double heat accumulation type biomass cracking process method |
| CN110257108A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-20 | 中科聚信洁能热锻装备研发股份有限公司 | A kind of device and method for adjusting coal gasifier fire bed and burning operating condition partially |
| CN110848695B (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2021-11-02 | 合肥工业大学 | Biomass gasification combustor |
| CN112708467B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-08-13 | 苏州允清环境能源科技有限公司 | Organic solid waste pressure gasification and waste heat recycling system and method |
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